Identify the structure, purpose and

language features of different text types

(e.g. narrative, information report,
procedure argument)

1st Quarter
 Different types of texts contain different features. Being able to  Structure - narrative text structure uses a story
recognize these various text types and their distinct features has a structure:
number of advantages. Some of these are listed below:  Plot: What is going to happen?
 Setting: Where will the story take place?
1. It helps understand the purpose of the text.
When will the story take place?
2. It helps you locate information you are searching for more
 Characterizations: Who are the main
easily.
characters? What do they look like?
3. It helps you develop a shared understanding about how to
 Structure: How will the story begin? What
communicate effectively in different situations.
will be the problem? How is the problem
going to be resolved?
 Theme: What is the theme / message the
writer is attempting to communicate?
 Purpose - The basic purpose of narrative is to
entertain, to gain and hold a readers' interest.

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Narrative writing is to tell stories. Any time you tell a story to a
friend or family member about an event or incident in your day,
you engage in a form of narration.
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Text Types
 Narrative - to entertain through telling a story.
 was in his way try The old woman barred his
path. Instead of She laughed try She cackled.
 Written in the first person (I, we) or the third person (he,
she, they).
 Usually past tense.
 Connectives, linking words to do with time.
 Specific nouns: Strong nouns have more specific
meanings, eg. oak as opposed to tree.
 Active nouns: Make nouns actually do something, eg. It
was raining could become Rain splashed down or There
was a large cabinet in the lounge could become A large
cabinet seemed to fill the lounge.
 Careful use of adjectives and adverbs: Writing needs
judicious use of adjectives and adverbs to bring it alive,
qualify the action and provide description and information
for the reader.
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3 o What does it smell like?
 Language Features
o What can be heard?
 Action verbs: Action verbs provide interest to the
writing. For example, instead of The old woman o What can be seen - details?
 o What does it taste like?  Rhetorical Questions: Often the author asks the audience
questions, knowing of course there will be no direct
o What does it feel like? answer. This is a way of involving the reader in the story
Imagery at the outset, eg. Have you ever built a tree hut?
o Simile: A direct comparison, using like or as or as o Participles: "Jumping with joy I ran home to tell
though, eg. The sea looked as rumpled as a blue mum my good news."
quilted dressing gown. Or The wind wrapped me up
like a cloak. o Adverbs: "Silently the cat crept toward the bird"

o Metaphor: An indirect or hidden comparison, o Adjectives: "Brilliant sunlight shone through the
eg. She has a heart of stone or He is a stubborn window"
mule or The man barked out the instructions.
o Nouns: "Thunder claps filled the air"
o Onomatopoeia: A suggestion of sound through
words, eg. crackle, splat, ooze, squish, o Adverbial Phrases: "Along the street walked the girl
boom, eg. The tires whir on the road. The pitter- as if she had not a care in the world."
patter of soft rain. The mud oozed and squished 6
through my toes.
o Conversations/Dialogue: these may be used as an
opener. This may be done through a series of short
5 or one-word sentences or as one long complex
sentence.
o Personification: Giving nonliving things
(inanimate) living characteristics, eg. The steel Activity 1
beam clenched its muscles. Clouds limped across Direction: Read a narrative text/story and answer the following
the sky. The pebbles on the path were grey with questions based on the story that you just read.
grief.
1. Who are the important characters in the story?
 _____________________________________________ 5. What is the theme of the story?
_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________
_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2. What is the setting of the story?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ 6. What is the problem in the story?
_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________
_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
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7 ______________________________________________
3. What is the setting of the story?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________ 7. What is the solution to the problem?
________________________________________________ ______________________________________________
________________________________________________ ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4. Who or what is involved in the conflict?
________________________________________________ Activity 2
________________________________________________
________________________________________________ Writing Styles: Narrative Writing
________________________________________________
Narrative writing includes lots of details and adjectives to be
descriptive.
Fill in each blank with a descriptive word that fits and makes Draw pictures to illustrate the adventures shown in your story.
sense.
One _____________ day a little turtle decided to go exploring. The
turtle was ____________ and had a _______________ color to his
body. His shell was _____________. This little turtle was named 10
Finn. Finn wanted to see what types of activities he was good at in
life.

First, Finn tried climbing. He walked up to a _______________

tree and lifted his ____________ leg to start climbing. Finn could
not get very far because his shell was so _____________. Next
Finn decided he would try to run a race. The race was
_______________ and _____________. Finn could not run very
fast because he was a turtle, but he tried very hard. Finn was
_______________ but he did not give up. Finally, Finn decided to
try swimming. Finn crawled to the _______________ lake and
stood at the edge.

He felt very _____________. ______________, he edged into the

____________ water. Finn immediately started swimming. He was
really ___________ at swimming. Finn swam for hours. He had
found something he___________ and that he could do well
because he kept trying.
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 Information Report - An information report provides
readers with information on chosen a topic by providing them
with facts.
3 Main Categories
Scientific Reports: Usually focuses on describing of appearance
and behavior of the subject of your report.
Technological Reports: Usually focus on two main categories of
information being the components and uses of the technology.
Social Studies Reports: Usually focuses on the description of
people, places, history, geography, society, culture and economy.
 Structure  Language of description – For example: The
 Introduction Great Barrier Reef has beautiful, colorful
Classify your topic, describe the aspects, coral formations.
features or characteristics of the subject. 14
 Paragraphs
Will be used to organize your information An information report is a great way to gain information about
report. Use paragraphs to elaborate on your living/non-living thing. An information report gives the following
subject. information:
13  Uses facts to give details about a topic.
 Images
 Gives more details about a topic.
Labelled diagrams such as maps, diagrams
and pictures support and extend your written  Never contains any personal opinions/views.
information.  The report is normally in written form, but it can be
 Subheadings also presented orally.
Keep your report in a logical state and Let’s Try This!
ordered. It also helps the reader find key
information quickly. PLANET REPORT – Choose one planet from the solar system
and make an information report.
 Purpose - to present factual information on a topic. 1. Name of my Planet: ____________________________
 Language Features
 Technical language or related to the subject. 2. My planet is named after: _______________________
Example: “are related to”, “they are 3. My planet has this many moon: _________________
nocturnal”
4. My planet takes this many Earth days to orbit (travel around)
 Formal and impersonal language.
Example: “they were discovered in”, this the sun (length of year):
species can be located across…” ________________________________________________
 Language generalization – A dinosaur is…
  Procedure Argument - order and sequence. ( informs your
15 audience how to do or make something.)

5. My planet takes this many Earth days to rotate (length day):

_________________________________________________
6. My planet is the ___________________ from the sun.
7. My planet can get as hot as ________________ and cold as
_____________________.
8. Write a paragraph or two about what would you like to do if
you could visit your planet.

Some common forms of procedural texts are.

Directions - How do I get somewhere? Very specific instructions
including location names and titles. Formal language is required
and the addition of a map will make your instructions so much
easier to understand.

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 Titles indicate the goal or aim of your procedure.
 Section
Instructions - How do I do something? Your language must meet
Keep everything organized and in order
the needs of your audience and you may need to include a diagram
 Subheadings
if there are complex elements to complete.
Subheadings such as materials, what to do next,
Recipes - How do I cook something? Recipes are a universal text. warnings indicate the stages of the procedure.
There is a very clear expectation of the audience so never stray
from the essentials. Ingredients, method and a few visuals are  Sequence
essential. Everything is organized in the sequence it is to occur
Rules for games - How do I play this? Be conscious of your and each new step must begin on a new line.
audience and write in a style and language they will understand.
You are almost guaranteed to require visuals in this style of  Visuals
writing. Greatly enhance a procedural text and reinforce
technical instructions. Maps, diagrams and photos are
Manuals - How do I operate this? Are there any warnings I need to essential.
be aware of before proceeding? Be very specific in your
explanation.
Agendas - What are we doing? When are we doing it? Who is
responsible? 19
 Purpose – the purposes of a procedural text is to
provide sequenced information or directions so that
people can successfully perform activities in safe,
18 efficient and appropriate ways.

 Structure –  Language Features –

 Headings Dominant Language Features:
 1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms

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Step 1: _______________________
Activity 1 ______________________________
______________________________
Direction: Write the right procedure from 1st step down to ______________________________
last on how to make a sandwich. Choose your answer from
the box below. Write your answer on the blank provided.
Step 2: _______________________
How To Make a Sandwich
______________________________
What you need: ______________________________
______________________________

Step 3: _______________________
______________________________ Step 5: ___________________
______________________________
______________________________

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Spread butter on the bread.

Step 4:____________________ Place another slice of bread on top.

__________________________
Eat!
___________________________
___________________________ Cut in half.

Spread jam on the bread.

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