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    Juan O'Gorman

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    Juan O'Gorman

    Juan O'Gorman (July 6, 1905 – January 17, 1982) was a Mexican


    painter and architect.
    Juan O'Gorman

    Contents
    Biography
    San Ángel houses
    Schools
    Later work
    Central Library at Ciudad Universitaria (UNAM)
    Awards
    See also
    References Born July 6, 1905
    Coyoacán, Mexico
    Bibliography
    Died January 17, 1982
    Further reading
    (aged 76)
    External links Mexico City, Mexico
    Nationality Mexican
    Biography Education Academy of San
    Carlos, Art and
    Juan O'Gorman was born in Coyoacán, then a village to the south of Architecture School at
    Mexico City and now a borough of the Federal District, to an Irish National Autonomous
    immigrant father, Cecil Crawford O'Gorman (a painter himself) and University
    a Mexican mother. In the 1920s he studied architecture at the
    Movement Functionalism,
    Academy of San Carlos, the Art and Architecture school at the
    National Autonomous University. He became a well known Mexican muralism
    architect, worked on the new Bank of Mexico building, and under Patron(s) Diego Rivera, Frida
    the influence of Beto Kerstetter introduced modern functionalist
    Kahlo
    architecture to Mexico City with his 1929 and 1932 houses at San
    Ángel.

    San Ángel houses

    In 1929, Juan O'Gorman purchased a plot containing two tennis courts in Mexico City's San Ángel colonia.
    On the plot, O'Gorman constructed a small house and studio intended for use by his father, now known as
    the Cecil O'Gorman House. The building's forms were strongly influenced by the work of Le Corbusier,
    whose theories of architecture O'Gorman studied.[1]

    O'Gorman dubbed the house first functionalist structure in Latin America.[2]


    Diego Rivera, a contemporary of O'Gorman, impressed with the design of the Cecil O'Gorman House,
    commissioned the architect to design a home for him and Frida Kahlo on an adjacent plot. The house was
    built in a similar functionalist style from 1931 to 32.

    The 1929 Cecil The exterior The Rivera-Kahlo A bridge connects


    O'Gorman House staircase of the house as visible the two divisions of
    Cecil O'Gorman from the street the Rivera-Kahlo
    house. house

    Schools

    In 1932, Narciso Bassols, then Secretary of Education, appointed O'Gorman to the position of Head of
    Architectural Office of the Ministry of Public Education, where he went on to design and build 26
    elementary schools in Mexico City. The schools were built with the philosophy of "eliminating all
    architectural style and executing constructions technically."

    After 6 years of functionalist projects, O'Gorman turned away from strict functionalism later in life and
    worked to develop an organic architecture, combining the influence of Frank Lloyd Wright with traditional
    Mexican constructions.

    Later work

    His paintings often treated Mexican history, landscape, and legends. A mural commission in Pátzcuaro,
    Michoacan resulted in the huge "La historia de Michoacán" in the Biblioteca Pública Gertrudis Bocanegra in
    a former church.[3] He painted the murals in the Independence Room in Mexico City's Chapultepec Castle,
    and the huge murals of his own 1952 Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico,
    designed with Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martínez de Velasco.

    In 1959, together with fellow artists, Raúl Anguiano, Jesús Guerrero Galván, and Carlos Orozco Romero,
    O'Gorman founded the militant Unión de Pintores y Grabadores de México (Mexican Painters and
    Engravers Union).

    He died on January 17, 1982, as a result of suicide. Authorities believe the artist grew despondent after
    being diagnosed with a heart ailment which curtailed his work. O'Gorman, who was 76 years old, was found
    dead at his home.

    Central Library at Ciudad Universitaria (UNAM)


    Juan O'Gorman's most celebrated work due to its creativity,
    construction technique, and dimensions, are the four thousand square
    meters murals covering the four faces of the building of the Central
    Library at Ciudad Universitaria at UNAM. These murals are mosaics
    made from millions of colored stones that he gathered all around
    Mexico in order to be able to obtain the different colors he needed.
    The north side pictures Mexico's pre-Hispanic past and the south
    facade its colonial one, while the east wall depicts the contemporary
    world, and the west shows the university and contemporary Mexico. O'Gorman's mural Historical
    Representation of Culture on the
    "From the beginning, I had the idea of making mosaics of colored Central Library at UNAM
    stones in the walls of the collections, with a technique in which I
    was already well experienced. With these mosaics the library would
    be different from the other buildings of Ciudad Universitaria, and it would be given a particular Mexican
    character."[4]

    Awards
    National Prize for Arts and Sciences of "fine arts", 1972.–

    See also
    Mexican Muralism
    Modernist architecture in Mexico

    References
    1. "The Personal Debate of Juan O'Gorman" (https://www.mascontext.com/issues/27-debate-fall-
    15/the-personal-debate-of-juan-ogorman/). MAS CONTEXT. 2015-12-17. Retrieved
    2020-01-01.
    2. Carranza, Luis E.; Lara, Fernando Luiz (2015-01-05). Modern Architecture in Latin America:
    Art, Technology, and Utopia (https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=PYWzBgAAQBAJ&pg=P
    A71&lpg=PA71&dq=tennis+court+o'gorman&source=bl&ots=x3wGFxrWvb&sig=ACfU3U1Tb56
    ZGPvRW_S3Z2fVhIwFPQFVRg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5i8GKm-HmAhUERa0KHS3-A
    CMQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=tennis%20court%20o'gorman&f=false). University
    of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-76297-8.
    3. Jolly, Jennifer, Creating Pátzcuaro, Creating Mexico: Art, Tourism, and Nation Building Under
    Lázaro Cárdenas. Austin: University of Texas Press 2018. ISBN 978-1477-314203
    4. "Creación del mural" (http://bibliotecacentral.unam.mx/murales04.html). Biblioteca Central
    UNAM.

    Bibliography
    Burian, Edward R. (1997). "The Architecture of Juan O'Gorman: Dichotomy and Drift".
    Modernity and the Architecture of Mexico. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-
    292-70852-1.
    Burian, Edward R. (2005). "Modernity and Nationalism: Juan O'Gorman and Post-
    Revolutionary Architecture in Mexico, 1920-1960". In LeJeune, Jean-François (ed.). Cruelty &
    Utopia: Cities and Landscapes of Latin America (https://books.google.com/books?id=XvujtkuP
    4BMC&pg=PP1). New York: Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 210–223 (https://books.google.
    com/books?id=XvujtkuP4BMC&pg=PA210). ISBN 1-56898-489-8.
    O'Gorman, Juan. Juan O'Gorman. Inv. y coord. documental Ida Rodríguez Prampolini, Olga
    Sáenz y Elizabeth Fuentes. México: UNAM-Coordinación de Humanidades.
    O'Gorman. México: Grupo Financiero Bital. 1999.
    Prampolini, Ida Rodríguez (1983). Juan O'Gorman, arquitecto y pintor. México: UNAM-Instituto
    de Investigaciones Estéticas.
    Frasier, Valerie (2000). Building the New World: Modern Architecture in Latin America (https://b
    ooks.google.com/books?id=KW3iUG4VPq0C&pg=PP1). Verso. ISBN 1-85984-787-0.

    Further reading
    Cooke, Catherine Nixon (2016). Juan O'Gorman: A Confluence of Civilizations. Trinity
    University Press.

    External links
    "Rediscovering our man in Mexico City" (http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/property/2007/0
    621/1181771485558.html). The Irish Times. 6 June 2007. (subscription required)
    Juan O'Gorman on artcyclopedia.com (http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/ogorman_juan.htm
    l)
    "Irish-Mexican Brothers: Edmundo and Juan O'Gorman" by Edmundo Murray (http://www.irlan
    deses.org/ogormans.htm)

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_O%27Gorman&oldid=946741722"

    This page was last edited on 22 March 2020, at 03:15 (UTC).

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