Community Engagement Module 1 - Lesson 2

Module 1
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP

Grade 12 – HUMSS 1 - 6
Week 2
What I Need to Know?

(Learning Objective)
Hi, welcome to the second lesson of this module. In this lesson, you will know
the different perspectives on community. This will help you understand on how is
community defined from various perspective. It is important to be acquainted with
the different perspectives on community in order to appreciate why certain things are
seen and done differently when it comes to community interventions. What people
say and do depends mainly on their perspectives, and several of these perspectives
will be discussed in this lesson
Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Compare and contrast the definitions of community using various

perspectives:
(HUMSS_CSC12-IIIa-c-2)
What is It
(Discussion)
Lesson 2: Different Perspectives on Community
Community has various meanings, it can be geographic and social identity.

A community can be a group of individuals living together in a specific place like your
barangay or your town. These are people with common interests living in a particular
area. Community is also a group of people bound together to have common traits,
goals, aspirations, or duties as of organizations. This shows that community bind
individuals into a group. A community is a living unit that is active. It is composed
of people like you and I. People in a community moves in the same way that help
each other for the common good of everyone.
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Community is similar to other living organisms, it comprises of different parts

which has different responsibilities and functions to work within specific limits to meet
community needs. Here are the different perspectives on community.
A. Social Sciences Perspectives
Social sciences are academic disciplines concerned with the study of people
and societies and the relationships among individuals within a society. The social
sciences include economics, political science, human geography, demography,
economics, psychology, sociology, and anthropology. A study in social sciences
stresses a deeper understanding of people’s behaviors and processes in relation to
the system of societal order.
1. Anthropological Perspective
Anthropology is the study of people. It focuses on the understanding of

human diversity. It discovers the entire view of the human experience from human
origins to contemporary forms of culture and social life.
2. Sociological Perspective
The basic concept of sociology is that human behaviour is shaped by the

groups to which people belong and by the social interaction that take place within
those groups.
Sociological perspective enables us to accept who we are through the

understanding that we behave the way we do because we happen to live in a
specific space and time. It enables us to see society as a temporary social product,
created by human beings and capable of being changed by them as well.
3. Political Perspective
Political Science is a social science which deals with the system of

governance, and the analysis of political activities, thoughts and behavior. It is the
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practice of politics which is commonly thought of as determining of the distribution of
power and resources.
B. Institutional Perspective
According to Giddens (1990) many aspects of social life may be

institutionalized. Institutionalized forms of social conduct refer to modes of belief and
behaviour that occur and recur or are socially reproduced. Types of institutions are
family institutions, religious institutions, educational institutions, government
institutions, and economic institutions.
1. Family Institutions
The family is the basic unit of the society. It is the major social institution and
a center of much of person’s social activity. It is a social unit created by blood,
marriage, or adoption, and can be described as nuclear (parents and children) or
extended (with other relatives.
2. Government Institutions
The government as institution gives its citizens with freedom and rights in the
community. It is through government that peace and balance is achieved. The
government is also one of the institutions that help the community to develop and
progress. On the other hand, the citizens have the freedom and obligation to give
check and balance on the government and respond on any mismanagement.
3. Economic Institutions
Economic institutions cater to the survival needs of community, every society

and community develops ways of coping with everyday situations of life.
Economist sees institutions as the mechanism in which goods, services, and

money are distributed in the community we live in.
4. Religious Institutions
Man from the very beginning sought to find the meaning of his life, his
purpose and existence. As we looked for these pursuits in our introspection of
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existence, we have found faith. Religion is one of the pillars from which our
civilization is built. Religion has the big contribution in advancing civilizations,
building morality and has been the reason for the downfall of many.
5. Educational Institutions
Education is very significant in every human being for him to live and function
well in the community. The basic education in the Philippines is free, it is a great
privilege for every filipino to study and be educated as a good citizen of the country.
C. Civil Society
Civil society is considered as the third sector aside from government and
private sectors. It comprises of voluntary civic and social organizations and
institutions that act in group or individually that work outside from governmental
institutions. Community service is usually operated by the civil society. The
emergence of the civil society is from the spirit of voluntarism and altruism. Many
civil society organizations such as people’s organization, civic organization, and
social movements function on a common spirit for the welfare of others.
1. People’s Organization or Non-Government Organization (NGO)
Non-government organizations are independent units and are legally

established organization. This is created by people or company for the benefit of
those who belong to marginalized citizens. Some of the examples are Philippine Red
Cross, Bantay Bata 163, Inc., HARIBON Foundation, and Habitat for Humanity
Philippines.
2. Civic Organization
Civic organizations can be found in our local community. Some of the

examples are the senior citizens, fraternal societies (Masonry, Eagle’s Club, Rotary
club and etc.), and rescue groups. They usually attend to the needs of the people
especially those who are under privileged community.
3. Social Movements
Social movements are formed to bring awareness to the people and

government of their ideologies. Social movements in the Philippines started from the
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colonial times up to the present times. These movements aim for political and social
change. Some of the examples are the Lesbian, Gay Bisexual, Transgender and
other gender preferences (LGBTQ +); Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU), New People’s
Army (NPA), Gabriela, and etc.
What’s More
(Enrichment Activity)
Activity 1. “Spot the Difference”
Instructions: Compare and contrast the meaning of community. Answer on your

activity notebook.
Geographical Social Identity
Similar
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What I have Learned

(Generalization)
Activity 2. “Match the Two”
Instructions: Compare and contrast government institution and religious institution.

(focusing on their functions, duties, and responsibilities.) Answer on your activity
notebook.
Government Institution Religious Institution
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What I Can Do
(Application)
Activity 3. Let’s Help!
Instructions: On the first column below, write down the common problems you have
seen and experienced in your barangay. Then, write the possible institution (family
institution, government institution, economic institution, religious institution, and
educational institution) which can help solve the problem/s on the second column.
The last column is where you write your own initiatives on how to solve the problem.
Answer on your activity notebook.
Problems Institutions My Initiatives
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References
Delos Santos, Danilo Lorenzo S. Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship,

1st ed. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc, 2017.
Melegrito, Ma. Lourdes F., and Diana J. Mendoza. Zeal for Action. Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House, 2016.
Prepared by:
JORIES R. SORRONDA
SHS Teacher

Community Engagement Module 1 - Lesson 2

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Module 1

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP

What I Need to Know?

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Compare and contrast the definitions of community using various

Lesson 2: Different Perspectives on Community

Community has various meanings, it can be geographic and social identity.

Community is similar to other living organisms, it comprises of different parts

A. Social Sciences Perspectives

Anthropology is the study of people. It focuses on the understanding of

The basic concept of sociology is that human behaviour is shaped by the

Sociological perspective enables us to accept who we are through the

Political Science is a social science which deals with the system of

According to Giddens (1990) many aspects of social life may be

Economic institutions cater to the survival needs of community, every society

Economist sees institutions as the mechanism in which goods, services, and

1. People’s Organization or Non-Government Organization (NGO)

Non-government organizations are independent units and are legally

Civic organizations can be found in our local community. Some of the

Social movements are formed to bring awareness to the people and

Activity 1. “Spot the Difference”

Instructions: Compare and contrast the meaning of community. Answer on your

Geographical Social Identity

What I have Learned

Activity 2. “Match the Two”

Instructions: Compare and contrast government institution and religious institution.

Government Institution Religious Institution

Activity 3. Let’s Help!

Problems Institutions My Initiatives

Delos Santos, Danilo Lorenzo S. Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship,

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