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Epidemiology of Oral Cancer PDF
Epidemiology of Oral Cancer PDF
College of Dentistry
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Epidemiology Of Oral Cancer
Epidemiology:-
Oral cancer is the eighth most common tumor in Brazilian's male with
9.985 estimated cases/year, and the ninth among women, 3.895
estimated cases/year, where its main primary site is the first one-third
anterior portion of tongue, lower lip, mouth floor and hard palate.
Oliveira et al.3 (2006) claim that 10% of malignant tumors have their
primary site in oral cavity, where it is the sixth leading cause of human
cancer worldwide. Oral cancer might be considered as the most common
cancer in head-neck region affecting predominantly male with 75% of
diagnosed cases around 60 year-old, to which 90% are oral squamous cell
carcinoma.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent tumor of oral cavity,
statistically responsible for 90% of oral cancer world data diagnosed every
year5.
According to the World Health Organization (2005) cancer might kill 10.3
million people by the year of 2020, with an increase trend in developing
and newly industrialized countries.
Lymphoma
Minor salivary glands including
o Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC)
o Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
o Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma
o Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma
Mucosal melanoma
Sarcoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
1-lip
2-tongue
Stage 2: The tumor is between 2-4 cm, and cancer cells haven’t spread to the
lymph nodes.
Stage 3: The tumor is either larger than 4 cm and hasn’t spread to the lymph
nodes
Stage 4: Tumors are any size and the cancer cells have spread to nearby
tissues
1-Tobacco
2-Alcohol
3-Human papillomavirus
4-Betel nut
The most common type of oral cancer is epidermoid carcinoma (squamous cell
carcinoma). A single precursor cell is transformed into a clone consisting of many
daughter cells with an accumulation of altered genes called oncogenes. What
characterizes a malignant tumor over a benign one is its ability to metastasize.
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Targeted therapy
Nutrition
Outlook
The outlook for mouth cancer can vary depending on which part of your
mouth is affected and whether it has spread from your mouth into surrounding
tissue. The outlook is better for mouth cancer that affects the lip, tongue or
oral cavity.