Human Reproduction: Points To Remember
Human Reproduction: Points To Remember
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CHAPTER 3
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
POINTS TO REMEMBER
Acrosome : A small, sheathy structure at the end of a sperm.
Blastula : A stage of embryogendesis which comes after morula and has a
hollow fluid filled space called blastocoel.
Endometrium : Innermost glandular layer lining the uterine cavity.
Foetus : An advanced stage of embryo within the uterus.
Gestation Period : A period between fertilisation of ovum and the birth of a
baby.
Hymen : A thin membrane partially covering the vaginal aperture.
Implantation : Fixing of embryo/fertilized egg in uterus. It leads to pregnancy.
Menarche : The beginning of first menstruation in female on attaining puberty.
Menopause : Permanent cessation of menstrual cycle in female. It occurs
between the age 45 to 50 years in human female.
Oogenesis : Formation and development of ova in ovary.
Ovulation : Process of release of mature ovum (Secondary oocyte) from the
ovary.
Parturition : Process of delivery of the foetus (Child birth).
Puberty : A stage at which immature reproductive system of boy or girl becomes
mature.
Scrotum : A muscular pouch which houses two testes.
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Secretion of acrosome helps the sperm entry into cytoplasm of ovum through
zona pellucida and plasma membrane. Sperm entry induce the completion of
the 2nd meiotic division of secondary oocyte.
Placenta : An intimate connection between foetus and uterine wall of the mother
to exchange materials.
Function of Placenta : Nutrition, Respiration, Excretion, as barrier, Endocrine
function.
Placenta as Endocrine tissue : Placenta Produces several hormones such
as – Estrogen, hCG, hPL, Progesterone and relaxin (in late phase of
pregnancy).
Embryonic Development : at various month of Pregnancy After–1 month =
Heart, 2 months = Limbs and digits, 3 months = External genital organ, 5 months
= First movement, 6 months = body covered with fine hairs, eye lid, eye lashes,
9 months = Fully developed and ready for delivery.
VSA (1 MARK)
1. Failure of testes to descend into scrotal sacs leads to sterility. Why?
2. Both vaccine and colostrum produce immunity. Name type of immunity
produced by these.
3. How many sperms will be produced from 10 primary spermatocytes and
how many eggs will be produced from 10 primary oocytes?
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VSA-II (2 MARKS)
7. Give the function of
(a) Corpus luteum (b) Endometrium
8. In the given figure, give the name and functions of parts labelled
A and B.
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SA-I (3 MARKS)
13. Mention the name and role of hormones which are involved in regulation
of gamete formation in human male.
14. Three of the steps of neuro endocrine mechanism in respect of parturition
are mentioned below.
Write the missing steps in proper sequence.
(a) Signals originate from fully developed foetus and placenta.
(b) ______________________________.
(c) ______________________________.
(d) Oxytocin causes strong uterine contraction
(e) Uterine contraction stimulates further secretion of oxytocin.
(f) ______________________________.
15. The events of the menstrual cycle are represented below. Answer the
following questions.
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(ii) In which of the above mentioned phases does egg travel to fallopian
tube?
(iii) Why there is no mensuration after fertilisation?
16. (a) Read the graph given below. Correlate the ovarian events that take
place in the human female according to the level of the pituitary hormone
during the following day.
LA (5 MARKS)
18.
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ANSWERS
VSA (1 MARKS)
SA-II (2 MARKS)
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10. (a) During this phase, primary follicles transform into Graafian follicle under
FSH stimulation. Graafian follicles secrete estrogens with stimulate
enlargement of Endometrium of uterus.
(b) During this phase, Corpus luteum is fully formed and secretes large
quantity of Progestrone.
11. Refer page 51 NCERT book
12. Refer page 43 NCERT book.
SA-1 (3 MARKS)
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