Prospectus: PHD Programme in Engineering/Sciences
Prospectus: PHD Programme in Engineering/Sciences
Aerodynamics, Propulsion
Flight Control , Avionics
Prospectus
2019
Materials, Surface
Structures, Composites
1
Contents
1. Introduction 3
2
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
1.0 Introduction:
Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) has been established in 2011, by an Act of
Parliament, as an 'Institution of National Importance' with the mandate to create and train some of the
best of tomorrow's Science & Technology leaders through a combination of innovative and novel
curricula, pedagogy and evaluation. National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore is a
constituent Institution under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) of India. NAL is a
high technology oriented institution concentrating on advanced topics in the aerospace and related
disciplines. Aerospace technology encompasses the trans-disciplinary areas of science and
engineering and is in the forefront of modern developments and achievements in the fields of
aeronautics, space and defence. It involves study of various disciplines namely aerodynamics,
propulsion, flight mechanics, avionics, materials and structures. The Integrated PhD (Engineering)/
PhD (Engineering)/ PhD (Sciences) programme being offered at CSIR-NAL, Bangalore through
AcSIR aims to provide in-depth exposure to the engineering concepts, scientific principles,
research methodology and hands on experience on advanced real life R&D projects in
different disciplines of flight vehicle engineering. Students completing this program are expected to
be fully research – enabled and industry ready. This helps in meeting the severe shortage of the
highly skilled manpower required for developing technologies for the future generation flight vehicles.
The first few semesters of the program focuses on the coursework required for equipping the students
with the fundamentals of the subjects related to their research problem. In the subsequent semester/s
the students work towards preparing a research proposal before taking a comprehensive examination
by selecting topics of high relevance and novelty, and will have state-of-the art review, methodologies,
recommendations etc. After successfully completing the comprehensive examination the students will
be utilizing their knowledge acquired through the coursework and literature review to solve real-
world design challenges by working on advanced R&D topics and for a thesis on the chosen topic.
Simultaneously, they will also be involved in a Six–Eight weeks project concerned with societal/rural
issues under the ‘CSIR-800 Programs’ which needs to be completed before submission of the thesis.
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PhD (Sciences):
A Master’s degree in Sciences with exceptionally good academic record and eligibility to apply for a
fellowship* such as CSIR-NET-JRF or INSPIRE or equivalent. The candidate should have
specialization in Physical/Chemical/Material Sciences and keen interest in carrying out research on
topics relevant to flight vehicles.
*After enrolment to the PhD program, the candidate should separately apply to the funding agency and get the fellowship awarded.
Note: Existing Project Staff (Research Fellows/Project Assistants working on research projects at
CSIR-NAL for a minimum period of one year and meeting the guidelines of CSIR-NAL Academic
Cell)/CSIR Scientists/Industry Sponsored Candidates who fulfil the qualifications as per AcSIR are
eligible to apply for the PhD programme.
Before applying, Project Staff/CSIR Scientists/Industry Sponsored Candidates should have identified
and established contacts with a scientist from CSIR-NAL who is willing to supervise the thesis work.
For other details (such as Admission Process, Eligibility, Important Dates, Fee Structure, Mode of
Payment, Online Application, Academic requirements etc.)
please visit the AcSIR website http://acsir.res.in. For details on fellowships please visit the respective
websites such as http://www.csirhrdg.res.in, http://www.inspire-dst.gov.in, etc.
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3.0 Summary of the Courses offered at CSIR-NAL:
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Materials
Sl.
Code Name of the Course L-T-P-C Course Coordinator Division
No.
43. ENG(NAL)-3-3501 Grid generation techniques for CFD 2-0-2-3 Dr JS Mathur
Kinetic schemes for the CTFD
44. ENG(NAL)-3-3502 2-0-2-3 Dr JS Mathur
computation of compressible flows
45. ENG(NAL)-3-3503 Turbulent Flows 3-0-0-3 Dr L Venkatakrishnan
EAD
46. ENG(NAL)-3-3504 Experimental Aerodynamics 3-0-0-3 Dr R Mukund
Mechanical aspects of Turbo
47. ENG(NAL)-3-3505 3-0-0-3 Dr S Jana
Machinery
Propulsion Systems for Light Aero Mr. K
48. ENG(NAL)-3-3506 3-0-0-3 PR
Vehicles Monickavasagom pillai
Experimental techniques in
49. ENG(NAL)-3-3507 2-0-2-3 Mr. P Manjunath
Propulsion
Flight Vehicle Identification – Tools
50. ENG(NAL)-3-3508 3-0-0-3 Mr. Basappa
& Techniques
Digital Image Processing and
51. ENG(NAL)-3-3509 3-0-0-3 Dr VPS Naidu
Applications FMCD
52. ENG(NAL)-3-3510 Multi Sensor Data Fusion 3-0-0-3 Dr VPS Naidu
INS/GPS Multi-sensor Kalman
53. ENG(NAL)-3-3511 3-0-0-3 Mr. N Shantha Kumar
Filter for Navigation
54. ENG(NAL)-3-3512 Vision based Guidance and Control 3-0-0-3 Dr SM Vaitheeshwaran ALD
Advanced Experimental
55. ENG(NAL)-3-3513 2-0-2-3 Dr Anjana Jain
Techniques in Materials Science
56. ENG(NAL)-3-3514 Materials for Energy Conversion 3-0-0-3 Dr ST Aruna SED
ENG(NAL)-3-3515
Nano-Dimensional Magnetic Thin Dr Prasanta
57. 2-0-2-3
Films Chowdhury
Computational Structural Dynamics
58. ENG(NAL)-3-3516 2-0-2-3 Dr M Manjuprasad STTD
and Aeroelasticity
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Computational Nonlinear Structural
59. ENG(NAL)-3-3517 2-0-2-3 Dr M Manjuprasad
Mechanics and Vulnerability
Computational Stochastic Structural
60. ENG(NAL)-3-3518 2-0-2-3 Dr M Manjuprasad
Mechanics and Reliability
61. ENG(NAL)-3-3519 Applied Aeroelasticity 3-0-0-3 Dr S Raja
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Level 4 Courses
Sl.
Code Name of the Course L-T-P-C Course Coordinator Division
No.
83. ENG(NAL)-4-3501 Review Article 0-0-0-2 Thesis Supervisor
84. ENG(NAL)-4-3502 Research Proposal 0-0-0-2 Thesis Supervisor All
85. ENG(NAL)-4-3503 CSIR-800 Project 0-0-0-4 Thesis Supervisor
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4.0 Syllabus of the Courses offered at CSIR-NAL
Linear Algebra: Matrices and matrix algebra, system of linear equations, LU decomposition,
introduction to vector spaces, linear transformation, orthogonalization, eigensystems,
diagonalization, singular value decomposition, introduction to tensor and tensor calculus.
Ordinary Differential Equations: Introduction to first order ODEs, method of separation of
variables, exact solutions, introduction to second order ODEs, homogeneous linear
equations, equations with constant and variable coefficients, nonhomogeneous equations,
series solutions of ODEs, Legendre and Bessel functions, Strum Louville problems, Laplace
transform and its application to ODEs. Partial Differential Equations: Introduction to first
order PDEs, method of characteristics, method of separation of variables, classification of
second order PDEs, reduction to standard form, heat and wave equations in one and two
dimensions, two dimensional Laplace equation, PDEs in infinite and semi-infinite spatial
domain, integral transform, Fourier transform, solving PDEs using Fourier and Laplace
transforms, non-homogeneous PDEs
Modeling and Error Analysis: Mathematical Modeling and Engineering Problem Solving,
Approximations and Round-off Errors, Truncation Errors and the Taylor Series. Interpolation
and Approximation: Lagrange and Newton Interpolations, Interpolating Polynomials using
Finite Differences, Hermite Interpolation, Piecewise and Spline Interpolation; Least Squares
Approximation, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalizing Process, Legendre Polynomials, Chebyshev
Polynomials; Uniform Polynomial Approximation. Linear Algebraic Equations: Direct
Methods: Cramer’s Rule, Gauss Elimination Method, Gauss Jordan Elimination Method,
Triangularization Method, Cholesky Method, Partition Method; Error Analysis and System
Condition for Direct Methods; Iteration Methods: Jacobi Iteration Method, Gauss-Seidal
Iteration Method, Successive Over Relaxation Method; Convergence Analysis of Iterative
Methods. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Bounds on Eigenvalues, Jacobi Method for
Symmetric Matrices, Givens method for Symmetric Matrices, Householder’s Method for
Symmetric Matrices, Rutishauser Method for Arbitrary Matrices, Power Method, Inverse
Power Method. Differentiation and Integration: Numerical Differentiation: Methods Based on
Interpolation, Non-Uniform Nodal Points, Uniform Nodal Points; Methods Based on Finite
Differences; Methods Based on Undetermined Coefficients; Optimum Choice of Step-
Length; Extrapolation Methods; Partial Differentiation; Numerical Integration: Methods Based
on Interpolation, Newton-Cotes Methods, Trapezoidal and Simpson’s Rules; Open Type
Integration Rules, Methods Based on Undetermined Coefficients, Newton-Cotes Methods,
Trapezoidal and Simpson’s Methods, Gauss Quadrature Methods, Radau Integration
Methods, Composite Integration Methods, Romberg Integration, Double Integration. Roots of
Equations: Bracketing Methods: Graphical, Bisection and False-Position Methods; Open
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Methods: Simple Fixed Point Iteration, The Newton-Raphson and Secant Methods, Multiple
Roots, Systems of Nonlinear Equations; Roots of Polynomials: Polynomials in Engineering
and Science, Computing with Polynomials, Conventional Methods, Muller’s and Bairstow’s
Methods. Ordinary Differential Equations- Initial and Boundary Value Problems: Single-Step
and Multi-Step Methods, Convergence and Stability, Euler Method, Backward Euler Method,
Mid-point Method, Taylor Series Method, Runge-Kutta Methods, Finite Difference Methods,
Finite Element Methods. Partial Differential Equations: Method of Finite Differences, Elliptic
and Parabolic Equations. Signals and signal processing: Characterization and classification
of signals, signal processing operations and applications. Transform –domain representation
of Signals: Fast Fourier Transform its applications and properties, z-Transform. Introduction
to Analog and Digital Filters and its applications, basics of filter design procedures and
design examples. Introduction to time_frequency methods. Seminars on advanced/special
topics in Numerical Methods.
Evolution of heavier‐than air aircraft for several applications: passenger, transport, freight,
military applications. Configurations of various types of aircraft: Fixed wing aircraft, various
types of aircraft, identification of various structural parts, materials used and their functions.
Interplay of aerodynamics, structural mechanics, propulsion, avionics and controls in their
conceptualization and performance. Introduction to aircraft specifications: Standards for both
Military and Civil aircraft, Airworthiness certification aspects aircraft introduction to
flight‐testing: Purpose and Scope of Flight Testing; introduction to general flying and
handling characteristics of aircraft. Flight test plans and procedures, Flight test data
acquisition, analysis and interpretation. Aircraft systems: Mechanical, Electrical and Avionics
subsystems integration.
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Introduction to Aerospace Propulsion, Basics of Aerospace Flight and Propulsion, Standard
Atmosphere & Operational Envelopes, Basics of Aircraft Engines and Rocket Engines.
Thermodynamics & Gas Dynamics: Basics of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Laws
of thermodynamics, Isentropic Flow, Flow with Shocks, Fanno Flow, Rayleigh Flow,
Multidimensional Flow. Combustion & Heat Transfer: Chemistry & Stoichiometry, Premixed
Fames, Diffusion Flames, Ignition, Subsonic Combustion, Supersonic Combustion, Heat
transfer basics, Heat transfer challenges of propulsion systems. Aircraft Propulsion: History
& Classification, Propellers, Gas Turbine Engines, Cycle Analyses, Components (Inlets,
Compressor, Combustion Chamber, Turbine, Afterburner & Nozzle) Analyses, Engine
Performance Analyses. Turbomachinery Mechanical: Components (Compressor, turbine,
rotor etc.), Materials (Conventional & Advanced), Failure Theories, Structural Vibrations,
Rotor dynamics, Bearings. Rocket Propulsion: History & Classification of Rockets (Solid,
Liquid, Hybrid, Cryo, Electric & Nuclear), Nozzle Theory, Basics of Rocket Flight & Orbital
Mechanics, Solid Rocket Propulsion, Liquid Rocket Propulsion.
Systems of Axes, Euler Angles and quaternions, Axes Transformation, Static Equilibrium
and Trim, Aircraft Static Stability, Contributions of Wing and Tail, Neutral Point and Static
Margin, Longitudinal Stability and Control, Directional Stability and Control, Roll Stability and
Control, Equations of Motion and their alternative forms, Solution of Equations of Motion,
elastic airplane equations of motion, Transfer function and response characteristics, State
Space Method, Aerodynamic stability and control derivatives, Aircraft modes of motion,
Longitudinal and Lateral dynamic stability modes, mathematical model structure, reduced
order models, frequency responses and time histories, aerodynamic Modeling, flight path
reconstruction techniques, aerodynamic derivative estimation.
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Aerospace Materials: Design requirements for aerospace structural materials, general
perspectives of advanced aeropace materials with regard to fuselage, propulsion and space
vehicle applications. Metallic Materials: Aluminium alloys-Physical metallurgy and
mechanical properties with emphasis on aeronautical requirement, temper designations,
processing and properties, alloy specifications of aerospace grade Al-alloys; magnesium
alloys used for aerospace applications; structural steels-various grades of steels used for
landing gear, transmission systems and fatigue critical applications; Titanium alloys-Physical
metallurgy, mechanical properties, processing and applications of aerospace grade alloys;
Ni-base superalloys-evolution of materials for aero-engine applications, recent developments
for aero-gas turbine, advanced thermal barrier coatings on superalloys used for gas turbine.
Polymeric based composite (PMC) materials- Introduction, quasi-static strength of PMCs,
reinforcements and matrices in PMCs, interfaces, processing and properties of composites,
advantages of composites; carbon fibres, Carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) and glass
fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP), joining and repair of composites, Introduction to Damage
tolerant composites, Destructive and Non-destructive testing, fracture and toughness of
composites, fatigue strength of PMCs. Metal-based composite materials-Introduction, metal-
ceramic composites, laminates, and applications of MMCs. Recent advances in smart
materials’ applications in aerospace, superplastic forming and diffusion bonding processing
of aerospace alloys. Life prediction of materials and structures in aerospace-fatigue and
fracture of metallic materials, random load fatigue and life prediction, physical reason for the
existence of effective K (Keff), crack growth and life prediction, special testing techniques-
SCC, fracture toughness, microstructural degradation, stress rupture etc.,
Basic elasticity- Stress and Strain, Equations of equilibrium, Plane stress and strain,
Boundary conditions, Principal stresses and strains, Compatibility equations, Mohr’s circle,
Stress-strain relationships, Hooke's law; Two-dimensional elasticity problems in Rectangular
and Polar coordinates: Stress functions, Bending of an end-loaded cantilever, Plate with a
hole; Torsion of solid sections; Stresses in Simple Structural Members: Axially loaded
members, Stresses in beams, Deflection of beams by integration, Euler column buckling,
Thin-walled pressure vessels, Yield and fracture criteria, Introduction to bending of thin
plates.
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storms, development of tropical revolving storms, origin and local names, location and period
of occurrence, inter Tropical convergence zones (ITCZ), weather in the ITCZ, general
seasonal movement, climatic elements relative to the regions, Typical weather situations in
mid-latitudes, westerly waves, high pressure area, uniform pressure pattern, Local seasonal
weather and wind, Flight Hazards, Icing, Turbulence, Windshear, Thunderstorms, electricity
in the atmosphere, conditions for and process of development, forecast, Thunderstorm
avoidance, down bursts, micro and macro bursts, Tornadoes, Low and high level inversions,
effect on aircraft and flight execution, Hazards in mountainous areas, Visibility reducing
phenomena, Meteorological Observations, PIREPS, Weather Charts, surface charts, upper
air charts, symbols and signs on analysed and prognostic charts, Information for Flight
Planning, aeronautical codes, METAR, TAF, SPECI, SIGMET, SNOWTAM, runway report,
meteorological broadcasts for aviation and use of pre-flight meteorological documents,
meteorological briefing and advice, measuring and warning systems for low level windshear,
inversion, special meteorological warnings, information for computer flight planning.
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Static variables, Advanced Programming Techniques: Control constructs –do-while, switch
statements, break and continue, exit function, Functions – parameter passing calls –by-
value, call – by- reference, calling functions with arrays, argc and argv, Recursion, —Basic
concept, design, Dynamic date structures: Pointers, pointer, Dynamic allocation functions-
malloc and calloc, Structures –Basics of structures, Referencing structure element, Array of
structures, Passing structures to functions and structure pointers, Unions –Declaration and
uses, File handling—file accessing functions, fopen, fclose, putc, getc and fprintf. Elements
of Parallel Computing: Solving problems in parallel, temporal and data parallelism and its
comparison, inter-task dependency, basic structure of parallel computers, pipelined parallel
computer and array processes and software problems in parallel computing. Shell
programming: Introduction: Kernel, Shell, How to use Shell, Common Linux Command
Introduction, Process, Linux commands related with process, Redirection of Standard
output/input, Redirectors, Pipes, Filters, Shell programming, Basics, Special Characters,
Introduction to Variables and Parameters, Variable Substitution, Assignment, Special
Variable Types, Quoting, Quoting Variables, Escaping, Exit and Exit Status, Tests, Test
Constructs, File test operators ,Other Comparison Operators, Nested if/then Condition Tests,
Operators, Numerical Constants, The Double-Parentheses Construct, Operator Precedence,
Internal Variables, Typing variables: declare or typeset, Manipulating Variables, Manipulating
Strings, Parameter Substitution, Loops and Branches, Nested Loops, Loop Control, Testing
and Branching.
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Core Courses (Level 2)
Introduction to CFD, Equations governing fluid flow, Hyperbolic partial differential equations
and shocks, finite difference technique and difference equations, Implicit difference formula,
Time discretization and stability, Schemes for linear convective equation, Analysis of time
integration schemes, Monotonicity , Schemes for Euler equations, Finite volume
methodology, Introduction to unstructured mesh computations.
Elementary flows, Introduction to small perturbation theory, 2-D airfoils in subsonic flow,
numerical methods for 2-D airfoils, similarity rules, Multhops method, vortex lattice and
double lattice methods, aerodynamics of wing-fuselage system and aerodynamics of control
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surfaces. High angle of attack aerodynamics: non-linear aerodynamics, unsteady
aerodynamics. 2D numerical solutions. Thin aerofoil theory, lifting line theory.
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Fundamentals of heat transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Concept of boundary
layers - velocity / thermal. Temperature measurement techniques: Infra red thermography.
Thermocouples, Heat flux gauges, Liquid crystal thermography, Temperature sensitive
paints. Heat exchangers: Types, Design Factors. Turbine blade heat transfer and film
cooling: Leading edge film cooling and heat transfer, Trailing Edge film cooling and heat
transfer. Impingement cooling and heat transfer: Effect of geometrical parameters, Effect of
flow parameters. Effusion / transpiration cooling: Flat and curved Plates, Starter films, Effect
of compound angle. Anti-icing and De-icing: Theory, Application. Turbine rim seals: Types,
Flow through rim seals, Ingestion, Geometrical and flow parameters. Engine Temperature
and Health Monitoring: Thermal barrier coatings, Engine temperature monitoring, Engine
safety and health monitoring.
Introduction to open- and closed-loop control systems and examples, Differential equation
models of physical systems and solution methods, choice of linear models, Laplace
transforms, transfer functions, and block diagrams, State-variable system models, relative
stability, gain and phase margins, Bode plots, Nyquist stability Criterion, Nichols chart, linear
design process, Root locus design methods, System bandwidth, Feedback system
characteristics, Design of feedback systems in the frequency- and time-domain, Pole
placement method, Observability and controllability, angle-of-attack limiter, sideslip angle
and sideslip rate feedback, roll rate feedback, design of command paths, nonlinear design
and verification, control power requirements for unstable aircraft, control actuator rate
requirements, limits on static instability, control surface sizing, center-of-gravity limits, inertia
cross coupling, roll coupling, autorotation, roll reversal, Longitudinal and Lateral stability
Augmentation, Fundamentals of Inertial Navigation, Basic autopilot control laws
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ENG(NAL)-2-3510: Advanced Avionics: 3-0-0-3
Course Coordinator: Dr CM Ananda
Associated Faculty: Ms. J Jayanthi, Mr. A Pankaj
Aircraft Architectures: Federated and Integrated modular avionics, DIMA, Avionics systems
integration. Displays: Introduction to EFIS, EICAS, Head-Up displays. Advanced
Visualization Concepts: Intelligent displays management, EVS/SVS, LIDAR. Advanced
Navigation Concepts: Vision aided Navigation, Highway In the Sky, CNS/ATM, GNSS.
Advanced Surveillance Systems: TAWS, TCAS I and II. Control Systems: PFCS, Fly-by-
wire, Fly-by-light control systems, Automatic Flight Control Systems. Landing systems: ILS
and MLS, IESVS. Aircraft Data Networks, Bus Architectures, Advanced bus protocols,
AFDX. Avionics Health Management Techniques. Model Based Design, Model Driven
Development, Tool Based Automation. Software Engineering: Life cycle management, IV&V
process, planning and testing, Formal Methods, Software Quality management,
Configuration management and certification. Integrated System engineering Platform,
Integrated System Integration Platform, Integrated Model Driven IV&V. Standards and
regulations related to Civil Aircraft: DO and FAR. Terminal guidance systems, Telemetry
systems, Man-machine interface. Modular Avionics Packaging, ARINC and Mil types,
system cooling, EMI/EMC requirements BIT and CFDS, Automatic Test Equipment, Speeds
maintenance, ATLAS, Remote diagnostics and maintenance support-Life Cycle Costs for
Military and Civil Avionics, Software costs, Establishing spares level.
Embedded System Basics. System Architecture: von Neumann, Harvard and differences.
Memory Architecture and their implementation. ADC and DAC. I/O Devices and
Mechanisms. Instruction Set and Addressing Modes. Interfacing of Memory and Peripheral
Devices. Bus Architecture: evolution and implementations. Embedded Systems Software:
Issues. RTOS: Introduction, scheduling, memory, I/O, device driver. Embedded Software
Development perspective. Performance Analysis and Optimization for advanced avionics
system design. System Specification and Modeling. Basic Digital signal processing: wavelet
and speech transformation. Embedded image processing: vision based tracking. Micro Air
Vehicle systems, hardware, MEMS sensors, interfaces, software platform, development
suite and hardware in loop testing.
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impact tests, bending and torsion test. Stress-strain relationships and behaviour of
materials-Introduction, models for deformation behaviour, elastic deformation, anisotropic
materials. Review of complex and principal states of stress and strain-Plane stress, principal
stresses and maximum shear stress, 3-D states of stress, stresses on the octahedral
planes, complex states of strain. Yielding and fracture under combined stresses-general
form of failure criteria, maximum normal stress fracture criterion, maximum shear stress
yield criterion, octahedral shear stress yield criterion, discussion of the basic failure criterion,
Coulomb-Mohr fracture criterion, modified Mohr’s fracture criterion. Time dependant
behaviour- creep testing, physical mechanism of creep, time-temperature parameters and
life estimates, creep failure and varying stress. Fatigue of materials-introduction and stress
based approach-definition and concepts, sources of cyclic loading, fatigue testing, physical
nature of fatigue damage, trends in S-N curves, mean stresses, multi-axial stresses,
variable amplitude loading. Fracture mechanics-application of K to design and analysis,
fracture toughness values and trends, plastic zone size and plasticity limitations on LEFM,
fracture toughness testing, and fracture mechanics beyond linear elasticity. Fatigue crack
growth-introduction, fatigue crack growth rate testing, effects of stress ratio on fatigue crack
growth, trends in fatigue crack growth behaviour, life estimates for constant amplitude
loading, life estimates for variable amplitude loading, design considerations, plasticity
aspects and limitations of LEFM for fatigue crack growth, environmental crack growth.
Preparation of metals and alloys by liquid metallurgy, powder metallurgy routes. Atomisation
technique for preparation of metallic powders. Processing routes such as rolling, extrusion
and forging. Advantage and limitations of processing methods. Preparation techniques for
advanced composites and alloys. Elastic deformation. Plastic deformation. Interpretation of
tensile stress-strain curves. Yielding under multi axial stress. Yield criteria and macroscopic
aspects of plastic deformation. Importance of sever plastic deformation. Strengthening of
metals by cold work, solute atoms and grain boundaries. Dislocation and their role in plastic
deformation. Mechanisms of strengthening in metals. Recovery, recrystallization and grain
growth. Strengthening by second phase particles. Optimum distribution of particles. Lattice
resistance to dislocation motion. Methods of deformation, conventional thermo-mechanical
processing of metals and alloys. Basics of optical microscopy and SEM imaging, including
instruments, signals, uncertainties, imaging (SE, BSE), diffraction, resolution, aberrations,
depth of Composition analysis using EDS, capabilities & limitations. Identification of phases
by metallographic and XRD studies, microstructural studies using optical, scanning and
transmission electron microscopy.
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synthesis, colloidal processing, slip casting and tape casting, injection moulding, isostatic
pressing, Gas phase synthesis: chemical vapor deposition (CVD), chemical vapor infiltration
(CVI), Fabrication of ceramic components by CVI/CVD, sintering and crystallization, hot
pressing, nucleation and grain growth, hot isostatic pressing, spark plasma sintering, Liquid
phase synthesis: melt infiltration and polymeric derived ceramics (PDC). Characterization of
Ceramics: particle size and surface area analysis, porosity and density, theoretical fracture
strength, Griffith’s theory of brittle fracture, toughness and fracture toughness, factors
influencing the strength of ceramic materials, toughening mechanisms in ceramics,
Mechanical testing of ceramic materials: modulus of rupture (MOR): 3point and 4 point bend,
Tensile strength, Fracture toughness (KIC) by indentation, Single Edge Notched Beam
(SENB) and R curve methods, Hardness measurements, creep and fatigue, thermal
properties (heat capacity, thermal onductitvity, coefficient of thermal expansion) of ceramics,
thermal stress and thermal shock resistance (Kingery’s and Hasselmann theory), thermal
fatigue etc, Electrical properties: dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric properties, barium
titanate and lead zirconate titanate (PZT), sensors and actuators, magnetic properties
(diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic). Applications of ceramic materials for
aerospace applications, high temperature structural application, as sensors and actuators
etc.
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Electrochemical and thermodynamic principles, Nernst equation and electrode potentials of
metals, EMF and galvanic series, merits and demerits; origin of Pourbaix diagram and its
importance to iron, aluminium and magnesium metals. Exchange current density,
polarization - concentration, activation and resistance, Tafel equation; passivity,
electrochemical behaviour of active/passive metals, Flade potential, theories of passivity.
Atmospheric, pitting, dealloying, stress corrosion cracking, intergranular corrosion, corrosion
fatigue, fretting corrosion and high temperature oxidation; causes and remedial measures.
Susceptibility tests for IGC, stress corrosion cracking and pitting, sequential procedure for
laboratory and on-site corrosion investigations, corrosion auditing and corrosion map of
India, Salt Spray Test and standards. Corrosion prevention by design improvements, anodic
and cathodic protection, metallic, non-metallic and inorganic coatings, mechanical and
chemical methods and various corrosion inhibitors.
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ENG(NAL)-2-3519: Advanced Structural Mechanics: 3-0-0-3
Course Coordinator: Dr DVTG Pavan Kumar
Associated Faculty: Dr Amit Kr. Onkar
Introduction: Historical background, The basic concepts of the Finite Element Method,
Fundamental concepts in elasticity, Potential energy and equilibrium, Raleigh-Ritz method,
Galerkin’s method, Solutions of linear equations. One-Dimensional Elements: Introduction,
Interpolation and shape functions, Governing differential equations of bars and beams, weak
form and finite element modeling; Potential energy and Galerkin approaches, classical Euler-
Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam, linear and quadratic elements; Assembly of stiffness
matrices and load vector, Treatment of boundary conditions, Stress computation,
Temperature effects. Two-Dimensional Elements: Introduction, Finite element modeling and
formulation, Plane elasticity and axisymmetric problems, Isoparametric four-noded
quadrilateral element, Numerical integration, Higher order elements, Bending of Elastic
Plates, Shear Deformation Plate Theory, Convergence studies. Three-Dimensional
Elements: Introduction, Finite element modeling and formulation of hexahedral elements,
higher order elements, Shell Elements. Introduction to FEM in Composites, Structural
Dynamics and Nonlinear Mechanics. Seminars on special topics in FEM.
Introduction to vibration and airframe structures, single and multi degrees of freedom
systems, different structural models (physical, spatial, modal), vibration of beams & plates,
numerical techniques in structural vibration, measurement devices & instrumentation,
structural testing methodologies, structural coupling and vibration controls.
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Concepts of stability, bifurcation and limit point instability, stability of discrete systems, linear
and nonlinear behavior, stability of beams and columns, energy methods, static and dynamic
formulations, axial-flexural buckling, lateral-torsion buckling, buckling of beams on elastic
foundations, imperfection sensitivity analysis, stability of plates, axial-flexural buckling,
shear-flexural buckling, buckling under combined loads, introduction to inelastic buckling and
dynamic stability, parametric instabilities and stability under non-conservative forces,
introduction to aeroelasticity, divergence and flutter.
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ENG(NAL)-2-3525: Analysis of Composite Structures: 3-0-0-3
Course Coordinator: Dr VL Sateesh
Associated Faculty: Dr L Srikanth, Dr GN Dayananda
Maxwell’s equations in free-space and time-varying fields, plane wave in dielectric and
conducting media, wave equation, Poynting vector, Wave polarization, Reflection, refraction,
and diffraction, Modes of Propagation in Waveguides, Transmission lines, Antenna
Fundamentals, Antenna Arrays, Radiation Characteristics, microwave source and
components
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Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic theory, Electromagnetic waves, polarization,
spectra and Fourier transform, the Doppler effect, angular distribution of radiation, thermal
radiation, diffraction Propagation through homogeneous materials, Plane boundaries,
volume scattering, reflection and emission from real materials, The nature of electromagnetic
radiation: source, Polarization, Stokes’ parameters, Radiation laws, Blackbody emission,
Brightness temperature, interactions between electromagnetic radiation and atmospheric
gases, aerosols and clouds, and ocean surfaces, covering the spectrum from the ultraviolet
through the microwave, Radiative transfer processes in atmosphere, Electromagnetic energy
interactions, Electromagnetic radiation models (wave/particle), Atmospheric refraction,
Atmospheric scattering, Atmospheric absorption (“atmospheric windows”),Radiometric
quantities and reflectance, radiative transfer equation, propagation through the atmosphere,
electromagnetic properties of the atmosphere and surface, atmospheric emission
characteristics, electromagnetic spectrum, emission range, Introduction to Radar, basic
principles, Electromagnetic Waves, Radar Hardware, Radar Equation for Point Targets,
Distributed Targets, Doppler Velocity Measurements, Spectrum Width and turbulence,
Meteorological Targets, Clear-Air Return, Meteorological Uses of Weather Radar, Effects of
weather systems on performance of radars.
Soft Computing: Artificial Neural Network: Neurons, Single layer and multilayer architecture,
back propagation learning algorithm. Radial basis function (RBF) neural network, learning
algorithm. Fuzzy Logic: Types, membership functions, fuzzification and defuzzification, rule-
based fuzzy inference engine, Type-1 and Type-2 fuzzy logic, typical applications. Genetic
Algorithm: Basic concept, Parameters: Reproduction, Crossover, Mutation, Types: Real
coded GA, Binary GA, Mixed integer GA, Parallel GA, Hybrid GA. Swarm Intelligence: Basic
Concept, parameters of PSO, Real and binary PSO, Boolean PSO, Pareto Front Multi-
Objective PSO. Bacterial Foraging Optimization: Basic Concept, chemotaxis, swarming,
reproduction and elimination-dispersion, algorithm of BFO. Applications of Soft Computing:
Applications to Electromagnetics, Communications, Controls, Aerospace, Signal Processing.
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Specialization Courses (Level 3)
Introduction various grid generation techniques, structured grid generation, Algebraic grid
generation methods, introduction to PDE based grid generation techniques, concept of grid
control and grid control functions, examples of simple grid generation methods in 2D and 3D,
multi-block approach for complex configurations. Introduction to unstructured grid
generation, Delaunay triangulation method, 2D and 3D unstructured meshes, concept of
isotropic and un-isotropic tetrahedral meshes, concept of hybrid grids. Unconventional
methods, the Cartesian Grid and Mesh free approach. A brief hands-on training on the
POINTWISE software for grid generation.
An introduction to kinetic schemes for CFD, The moment method strategy for computation of
in-viscid flows. Concept of up-winding at the kinetic level, introduction to 1-D FDM,FVM
kinetic upwind schemes, stability and consistency studies for kinetic schemes, introduction to
multi-dimensional problems, variants of kinetic schemes, the kinetic mesh free methods.
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ENG(NAL)-3-3505: Mechanical Aspect of Turbo Machinery: 3-0-0-3
Course Coordinator: Dr S Jana
Associated Faculty: Mr. SS Kulkarni
Introduction & IC engine basic theory: Engine types - Operating cycles of SI and CI Engines
- Calculation of performance parameters - Typical Performance curves - Components of the
SI and CI engines- Fuel supply system - carburettor, fuel injection - ignition system - Engine
cooling and lubrication system - Turbo charging and Super charging - Effects on engine
performance - Aero diesel and gasoline engines – Small gas turbines. Fuels: Introduction -
Structure of petroleum, Refining process, Products of refining process. Fuels for SI & CI
engines: Properties of fuels for S.I. and C.I. Engines - Potential alternative fuels for S.I. and
CI Engines and their properties - Alcohols & Gasoline blends - Fuel additives - DEE/DME -
Biodiesels - Biodiesel blends with diesel - Dual fuel systems. Fuels for Gas Turbine engines:
Specific requirement for Gas turbine engines and standards - Properties of liquid fuels &
Gaseous fuels - Fuel handling systems, safety and additives. Hydrogen - Properties - Use in
C.I Engines - Use in S.I Engines - Production methods- Storage methods - Safety
precautions. IC engine combustion: Combustion Chemistry - Combustion in SI engines-
Initiation of combustion - Flame velocities - Normal and abnormal combustion - Combustion
chambers - Combustion in CI engines - Vaporization of fuel droplets and spray formation -
Air motion - swirl, squish, tumble flow - Diesel knock and engine variables, features and
design considerations of combustion chambers. Engine emissions: Introduction, concerns,
regulations - Mechanisms of pollution formation - Carbon monoxide, unburned
hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and smoke/Particulate emission - Effects of pollutions on
environment – Methods of measurement - Methods of controlling emissions for SI, CI and
gas turbine engines - Correlations. Wankel rotary engines: Basics - Working principle -
Merits and demerits - Comparison with reciprocating engine - Applications - Engine Design
aspects - Geometrical equations, P-V diagram, V-theta diagram, Torque fluctuation - Engine
components - Coating requirements - Testing of engines - Airworthiness certification - Aero
Wankel engines. Recent trends: Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) - CRDI in
CI engines - VVTi - Lean burn engines - Stratified combustion engines - Fuel cell - Use of
light weight materials for engine components - Flexible fuel vehicles, Small UAV & MAVs
power plants - Introduction - Electric motors with high specific energy batteries - Mini
I.C.Engines - Merits and demerits.
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Associated Faculty: Mr C Jayaprakash, Mr. G Muthuselvan, Mr. Y Giridhara Babu, Mr. SS Kulkarni, Mr. R Senthil
Kumaran
Digital image fundamentals, intensity transformations and spatial filtering, frequency domain
processing, image enhancement, image restoration, color image processing, morphological
image processing, image segmentation, stereo vision and correspondence problem, image
registration, image fusion, matlab examples, and case studies.
Multi sensor data fusion introduction, algorithms for data fusion, Multi sensor estimation,
Decentralized data fusion, Multi sensor multi target tracking, Fundamentals of image
processing, Image registration, Image fusion, Flight vision, Matlab examples and case
studies.
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ENG(NAL)-3-3511: INS/GPS Multi-sensor Kalman Filter for Navigation: 3-0-0-3
Course Coordinator: Mr. N Shantha Kumar
Associated Faculty: Dr Sudesh K Kashyap, Dr C Kamali
Inertial sensing principles and technology, Simple low cost INS implementations, Inertial
mechanization / Error models, GPS principles, signals, receivers, Simple multi-sensor
Kalman Filter, Error modeling applications, INS/ GPS multi-sensor integration.
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Metallographic techniques: Resolution, depth of focus, polarized light, phase contrast,
interference microscopy, quantitative metallographic techniques and Image Analysis. X-ray
diffraction techniques: Bragg’s law, Diffraction methods, Stereographic projection. Cameras-
Laue,Debye-Scherer cameras, Seeman- Bohlin focusing cameras, GIXRD. Application of x-
ray diffraction: Indexing space group identification, intensity calculation, lattice parameter
measurement, stress analysis, phase analysis. Electron microscopy: Construction and
operation of electron microscope –specimen preparation techniques. Image formation
methods in scanning electron microscope, composition analysis, EDX, WDX. Basics of TEM
and STEM. Scanning probe microscopes: Scanning Tunneling Microscope, Atomic Force
Microscope etc. Advanced chemical and thermal analysis: Basic principles, practice and
applications of surface analytical techniques such as X-ray spectrometry, XPS, AES, SIMS,
Thermal analysis methods – DTA, DSC, TGA. Nanomechanical characterization: Dynamic
Indentation Technqiues, NHT, Tribology at Nanoscale, Nanotribology and Nanoscratch
Testing. Spectroscopic techniques: IR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies.
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bending-torsion flutter of a wing; Dynamic response of a wing to gust and atmospheric
turbulence; Introduction to system identification based flutter prediction; Concepts of
nonlinear vibrations.
Review of linear FEM. FEM for one one-dimensional plasticity: Perfect plasticity, Isotropic
and Kinematic strain hardening, finite element formulation, Newton-Raphson solution
technique, one-dimensional viscoplasticity, integration algorithms. Continuum theory of
plasticity: Yield condition, Flow and hardening rules, loading and unloading conditions,
stability, convexity and normality, J2 plasticity /viscoplasticity. FEM for two-dimensional and
three-dimensional plasticity: Rate independent plasticity, Explicit and Implicit techniques,
Return methods for J2 plasticity, finite element formulation, NR technique. FEM for large
deformation elasticity: Continuum Mechanics - Description of motion of body, deformation
gradient, Green-Lagrange strain, Rate of deformation, principal stresses, polar
decomposition, Cauchy stress and P-K stresses, balance of mass and momentum, Principal
of objectivity, Constitutive equation for hyper elasticity, New Hookerion elastic model, finite
element formulation for finite strain elasticity, Total Lagrangian and updated lagrangian.
Introduction to nonlinear FEM for structural dynamics, Nonlinear FEM for composites,
Concepts of structural damage and vulnerability.
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ENG(NAL)-3-3520: Smart Materials & Structures: 3-0-0-3
Course Coordinator: Dr S Raja
Associated Faculty: Mr. D Dwarakanathan
Introduction to smart materials, constitutive modelling, smart & adaptive structures concepts,
numerical & experimental methods for adaptive structures (sensing, actuation, monitoring),
active-passive vibration controls, shape control of structures, optimal placement techniques
for sensor & actuators.
Introduction to thin walled structures, Isotropic & composite materials, beam, plate & shell
theories, R-R method and displacement based FE procedure, novelty in FE coding,
numerical experimentation with FE analysis, static & dynamic solutions using numerical
approaches.
Introduction to fatigue of materials; Mechanisms of fatigue failures; HCF and LCF; Fatigue
design concepts; Fatigue testing; S-N curves, factors influencing S-N behavior; Strain-life
approach; cyclic stress-strain behavior; Fatigue life estimation under block and spectrum
loads. LEFM concepts; crack tip plastic zone; FCGR; crack growth life estimation; statistical
aspects of fatigue; variable amplitude fatigue; load sequence effects. Introduction to SIF,
SERR, J-integral values, Irwin’s theory, 2D and 3D VCCI and MVCCI methods, MVCCI
method, methods of crack growth analysis in metals/composites using FEA.
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Fundamentals - Introduction to Design: Design, Design Process, Problem Formulation,
Factor of Safety and Design codes. Load analysis: Equilibrium equations, Free-Body
diagrams, Load analysis case studies. Materials and Processes: Material-property
definitions, stress-strain relationships, Heat treatment, coatings and surface treatment,
material selection. Stress, strain and deflection: Principal stresses, strains, Mohr’s circle,
types of stresses, stress concentration, combined stresses, thick and thin cylinders,
columns, case studies. Static failure theories: Selection and use of failure theories, factors in
the selection of safety factor, General guidelines for adopting factor of safety. Applications -
Introduction to the Design of Material handling equipments winches, wire ropes, shackles,
hoists, tackles etc, IS standards. Basics of Mechanical Design, Design of Gears & Power
Screws, Design of Keys and Shafts, Design of Springs, Brakes, Coupling and Clutches,
Design of Flexible Mechanical Elements (Belts & Chains), Selection of the Rolling Bearings
& Sealing Elements, fasteners & Joints. Case studies, Geometric Dimensioning and
tolerance practices, standards etc. CAD/CAM - Introduction to CAD, Solid Modeling, Feature
Modeling, Parametric Modeling, Boundary Representation and Constructive Solid Geometry,
Transformations and Projections, Computer Aided Manufacturing.
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Introduction to Optimization, Classical Optimization Techniques, Unconstrained
Optimization, Constrained Optimization, Linear Programming, Multi-objective Optimization,
Finite Element Based Optimization, Structural Design Optimization, Introduction to
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, Evolutionary Optimization and Optimization of
Composites.
Classification of Impact, High velocity and low velocity impacts, Stereo-mechanical Impact,
Central Impact, Rotational Impact and Eccentric impact. Vibration aspects, Wave
transmission in Elastic solids, Impact of two rods, Impact of rigid mass on a rod, Transverse
impact of a mass on a beam. Contact phenomena, Forces and deformations at the contact
point, the hertz law of contact, other contact deformation relations, examples. Soft body
impact at high velocities, shock waves, bird hit, hail impact. Energy absorption concepts,
airbags, foams, gelatine, Crashworthiness of vehicles, Calculation of energy absorbed
during low velocity impact. Experimental aspects of impact, measurement of accelerations,
velocities of impact, low velocity, high velocity impact, high speed photography.
Computational methods for impact analysis, explicit analysis, examples.
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Sampling of continuous time signals, Digital filter with A/D and D/A, MATLAB Exercises.
Transform –domain representation of Signals: Discrete-Time Fourier Transform, Discre
Fourier Transform (DFT) and its properties, Computation of the DFT of real sequences,
inverse DFT, The z-Transform, MATLAB Exercises. The Fast Fourier Transform and its
applications: Introduction, Computation of FFT, Convolution of two sequences using DFT,
MATLAB Exercises. Analog filter Design: Introduction, Filter types and Transformations,
Implementation of second order Filters, Component requirements, Filter approximations,
Filter design procedures and design examples, MATLAB Exercies. Digital Filter Design:
Introduction, Filter specifications, Magnitude and phase response of Digital Filters, Filter
Design considerations and Realization, MATLAB Exercises. Time-Frequency Analysis:
Theoretical background, Fourier transforms short comings, interpretations difficulties,
Spectrogram, Time-scale analysis, Wigner-Ville distribution, MATLAB Exercises. Digital
signal processing Applications: Vibration data processing, System Fault diagnosis and
Health monitoring, Case study using MATLAB simulation exercises.
Introduction to course/Why Composites, Health and Safety Issues, Glass / Carbon / Organic
Reinforcements /Thermoset / Thermoplastic matrices, Ceramic / Metal matrix Composites,
Hand layup/Wet Layup / Spray up/Vacuum Bagging, Prepreg and Autoclave moulding, Tool
Design & Manufacturing, Matched die / Compression molding / SMC, Pultrusion / Filament
winding, Cocuring and Integral Construction, Sandwich composites, Liquid Composite
Molding, Joining Composites, Thermoplastic processing techniques, Machining of
Composites, Repair of Composites, Recycling, Quality inspection / Testing, Natural Fiber
Composites.
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of damages in composites and damage propogation. Fundamental Strain Gage Technology,
Strain Gages on Composites, Normal-Stress and Shear Stress Gages and Rosettes, Strain
Gage Reinforcement Effects on Low-Modulus Materials. Experimental characterization of
composites, Mechanics of materials approach to stiffness Determination of E1, E2, v12 etc,
Mechanical Test Fixtures. Instrumentation Practices for Tension & Shear Testing of
Composite Materials, Creep and fatigue testing of Composites. Non destructive testing of
composites- Ultrasonics, Acoustic Emission, X-ray, Infra red thermography. Advances in
composites testing- Digital image correlation system, laser Doppler vibrometer
Vibrothermography, laser ultrasonics, Embedded Fiber Optic Strain Sensors for damage
detection.
Introduction to NDT: Explain: Selection of NDT methods. Visual Inspection (Optical method),
Liquid Penetration Inspection, its advantages and limitations. Magnetic Particle Inspection:
Methods of generating magnetic field, types of magnetic particle and suspension
liquids.Eddy Current Inspection: Principle, operation variable, procedure, inspection coils.
Microwave Inspection: Microwave holography. Ultrasonic Inspection: Basic equipment
characteristic of ultrasonic waves, variables inspection, inspection methods pulse echo
A,B,C scans transmission. Radiography Inspection: Principles, radiation source – Rays and
gamma rays – rays tubes, radio graphic films, scenes and filters, image intensifiers,
Industrial Computer Tomography. Optical Holography: Basic of holography, recording and
Acoustical Holography: system and techniques applications. Advanced Techniques:
Acoustic Emission, Laser ultrasonics, Acousto ultrasonic, infrared thermography.
Vectors and tensors: Introduction, Vectors: vector addition and scalar components. Indicial
notations, finite roations. Scalar products, vector products. Change of orthogonal basis.
Tensors: Rectangular Cartesian tensor components, tensor properties. Vector and tensor
calculus: gradient, divergence and curl. Stress: body forces, surface forces, traction vectors,
stress components. Principle axes, principle stress and invariants. Strain and deformation:
small strains and rotations in two and three dimensions, kinematics of a continuous medium,
rate of deformation tensor, spin tensor. Finite strain and deformation, Eulerian and
Lagrangian formulation, rotation and stretch tensors. Compatability conditions. Basic
principles: Integral transformation, conservation equations (mass, engergy, angular
momentum and linear momentum). Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics,
clausius Duhem inquality. Engergy potentials. Constitutive relations: Introduction to ideal
materials, classical elasticity, visoelastic behavior, introduction to plasticity.
Introduction to textile structures, weaves, knits and braids, Introduction to basic weaves and
weaving machinery, yarn and fabric mechanics, woven cloth construction and design, glass
and carbon weaving, 3D preforming technologies such as stitching, tufting, multilayer
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weaving, orthogonal weaving and 3D weaving, woven fabric geometry, weaving calculations,
testing and evaluation.
ENG(NAL)-3-3536: Electromagnetic Design and Analysis of Radomes: 3-0-0-3
Course Coordinator: Dr Raveendranath U. Nair
Associated Faculty: Dr Shiv Narayan
Concepts in Radar cross section (RCS), Radar range equation; Stealth techniques; Radar
Absorbing Materials (RAM) and its ideal requirements; Fundamental EM concepts for RAM:
Maxwell’s equation, surface boundary conditions, constitutive relations, EM wave
propagation through free space, homogeneous, inhomogeneous medium, EM parameters
for RAM; Mathematical analysis for RAM on surfaces: Reflection at planar boundary, curved
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boundary, grid-based methods, high-frequency methods; EM design of RAM and Radar
Absorbing Structures (RAS): narrowband absorbers, broadband absorbers, realization of
RAM in practice; Absorber Characterization Techniques: measurement of material
properties, free space techniques; Identification and applications of RAM; Trends in RAM;
Advanced metamaterial based RAM.
Equations of motion in spherical and polar coordinates, isobaric coordinate and sigma co-
ordinate system, scale analysis of dynamical equations, Rossby Number, Classification of
flows, geostrophic wind, inertial wind, Eulerian flow and cyclostrophic wind, gradient
wind-cyclonic and anticyclonic cases, horizontal accelerations and ageostrophic flow,
thermal wind, backing and veering, local temperature variations, barotropic and baroclinic
atmospheres, Divergence and vorticity in different co-ordinate systems, significance of
the various terms, divergence and vorticity of the geostrophic wind, the vector vorticity
equation and its scale analysis, the divergence equation, balance equation, Atmospheric
waves , concept of wave motion, simple harmonic wave, stable, unstable and neutral
waves, linear perturbation theory wave equation, Fourier series representation of wave
form, Acoustic waves, shallow water gravity waves, internal gravity waves, inertial gravity
waves, Rossby waves , forced topographic Rossby waves, mountain waves and Lee
waves, equatorial wave theory, mixed Rossby gravity waves, Kelvin waves, vertically
propagating planetary waves, Quasi geostrophic analysis, geopotential tendency equation,
omega equation, Hydrodynamic instability, Kelvin Helmholtz instability, linear barotropic
and baroclinic instability and cyclogenesis, available potential energy, the Raleigh
Theorem, Atmospheric energetics, energy equation, internal and potential energies,
NWP, Finite difference Techniques, Spectral Technique, Galerkin Methods, Staggered grid,
CFL Criteria and Stability Analysis, Nonlinear Instability and Aliasing, Boundary Conditions
and time integration, Different Models, Coupling, Hierarchy of Coupled models, Coupling
strategies, spin up problems, Basic Concepts of Parameterization, Overview of Objective
Analysis, Basic Concepts, Optimum Interpolation Technique, Static Dynamic and Normal
Mode initialization.
Level 4 Courses
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