10 Yaers University Paper

LAST 10 YEARS
UNIVERSITY
QUESTION PAPERS
QP Code: 1101 Reg. no.: …………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Examination, September 2011
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 50
• Answer all questions
• Draw diagrams wherever necessary
Long Essay (10)

1. A 12-year-old boy following an inadvertent intramuscular injection in the gluteal
region developed certain neurological deficits including difficulty to dorsiflex the
foot. With your knowledge of Anatomy answer the following questions:
• Mention briefly the structures under cover of gluteus maximus.
• Name the structure which is affected in this case. Give its origin, course and
distribution in thigh.
• Give the cutaneuous innervations of lower limb below knee.
• Name the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot. (2+4+2+2 = 10)
Write briefly on: (3x5=15)

2. Coronary arteries
3. Rotator cuff of shoulder joint
4. Thoracic part of oesophagus
Write notes on: (5x3=15)

5. Implantation
6. Medial collateral ligament of the knee joint
7. Connective tissue fibres
8. Lymphatic drainage of the breast
9. Posterior interosseous nerve
Write short answers on: (3x2=6)

10. Spermiogenesis
11. Turner’s syndrome
12. Microscopic structure of the hyaline cartilage
Draw neat labeled diagrams of the following: (2x2=4)

13. Transverse section at the level of the sternal angle
14. Palmar arterial arches.
*************************
Code: 1201 Reg. no.: …………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Examination, Septembe 2011
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)

1. A 65-year old man presented with dilated veins around the umbilicus and vague
pain in the epigastric region. He also had a history of bleeding per rectum.
Radiological examination revealed an abnormal growth of the ‘head and neck’ of
the pancreas. Based on your anatomical knowledge answer the following
questions.
• Name the structure that would have been compressed by the pancreatic growth
to cause the clinical findings.
• Give the formation, course, relations and termination of the structure.
• Name all the possible sites, where there could be dilated veins, giving the names
of the veins involved with reasons and clinical implications
• What are the other structures that are likely to be compressed by the growth
• Mention the sources of development of the pancreas (1+4+3+1+1=10)

2. Vermiform appendix
3. Mandibular nerve
4. Thalamus

5. Tympanic membrane
6. Interior of larynx
7. Development of lips
8. Crus cerebri
9. Levator palpebrae superioris
Short answer: (3x2=6)

10. Visual cortex
11. Development of the anal canal
12. Microscopic structure of palatine tonsil
Draw neat labeled diagrams: (2x2=4)

13. Diagram showing the floor of the fourth ventricle
14. Posterior surface of the left kidney showing the relations
***********************
QP Code 1501 Reg. No.:…………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations - September 2011

BIOCHEMISTRY - PAPER I
Time : 3 hrs Max marks : 50

Essay (10)
1. Define β-oxidation. Explain the reactions of β-oxidation of palmitic acid. Add a note
on its energetics. (2+5+3=10)
Discuss the following: (2x5=10)

2. Define and classify enzymes. Give one example for each class and mention the
reaction catalysed.
3. Define Urea cycle and describe the reactions of urea cycle.
Write short notes on: (5x3=15)

4. Phenylketonuria.
5. Classify lipoproteins and mention the function of each.
6. What is substrate level phosphorylation and mention two examples.
7. Define transamination and give two examples.
8. Define HMP shunt pathway and mention its significance.
Answer briefly: (5x2=10)
9. Name two plasma transport proteins and mention their role.
10. Mention two glycogen storage diseases with their deficient enzyme.
11. Write the clinical significance of glycated heamoglobin estimation
12. Name the bile salts and mention its functional significance
13. What is Gaucher’s disease. Mention two clinical features.
Give precise answers: (5x1=5)
14. Linkage present in sucrose.
15. Name two sulphur containing aminoacids.
16. Mention the enzyme defect in Galactosemia.
17. Mention the chemical name of lecithin.
18. Define Km value.
***************
QP Code 1601 Reg. No.:…………………

BIOCHEMISTRY - PAPER II

Essay (10)
1. Describe how protein is synthesized in body. Name any two inhibitors of protein
biosynthesis. Add a note on post translational modifications. (6+2+2=10)

2. Outline the degradation of heme. Add a note on fate of conjugated bilirubin in
intestine.
3. Write briefly on storage and absorption of iron from intestine.

4. What is gout. Mention the causes of primary gout.
5. What is the role of kidney in acid base regulation.
6. What are restriction endonucleases. What are their uses.
7. Write principle and application of polymerase chain reaction.
8. Write the structure of IgG molecule and indicate its function.

9. Name the coenzyme forms of niacin and write important functions for each one
of them.
10. Wilson’s disease.
11. What is metabolic acidosis. Give one example of a disease associated with it.
12. Give two examples of detoxification by conjugation.
13. What is post hepatic jaundice. How is it diagnosed biochemically.

14. What is provitamin. Give one example.
15. Clinical features of rickets.
16. Give one example for point mutation.
17. What are the enzymes commonly used in ELISA Technique.
18. Xeroderma pigmentosum is due to deficiency of what process.
***************
QP Code 1301 Register No.:…………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations, September - 2011
PHYSIOLOGY - PAPER 1

Long essay (10)
1. A 55 year old obese man, complained of headache, giddiness, irritability for the last two
months. On examination by a doctor, his BP was found to be 130/100 mm Hg by
auscultatory method. Three days later he visited another doctor. According to him, his BP
was found to be 170/100 mm Hg after using both palpatory and auscultatory methods.
• What is the correct BP in this patient and why
• What is the cause for this difference in the recording
• Define mean arterial pressure & pulse pressure giving their values
• Describe the possible renal mechanism causing hypertension
• Mention physiological basis for management of hypertension
(2+2+2+2+2 = 10)
Short essay (2x5=10)
2. Describe the role of chemo-receptors in regulation of respiration

3. Describe the functions and regulations of pancreatic juice secretion
Write Briefly on (5x3=15)
4. Special features of coronary circulation

5. Vital capacity and timed vital capacity as lung function tests
6. Role of lymphocytes in immune functions
7. Intrinsic mechanism of coagulation
8. Renal plasma clearance values for inulin, PAH and glucose giving their significance
Draw and label (2x2 ½=5)
9. Right ventricular pressure curve during a normal cardiac cycle

10. Figure showing counter current multiplier & exchange system in renal tubules
Explain the physiological basis of the following (5x2=10)
11. Anaemia following partial gastrectomy

12. Post prandial alkaline tide
13. Filling and emptying of urinary bladder
14. Caisson disease or decompression sickness
15. Purpura and Hemophilia
**************************
QP Code 1401 Reg. No.:…………………

PHYSIOLOGY - PAPER II

Long essay (10)

1. A 50 yrs old male comes with the history of difficulty to walk. On examination
there is rigidity and resting tremors. His gait is abnormal.
• What is your diagnosis.
• How do you describe this rigidity and the resting tremor and explain
their physiological basis.
• Name the parts of the brain involved .
• Describe the important functional connections.
(1+3+2+4=10)
Short Essay:
(2x5=10)
2. Describe the endometrial changes during a normal menstrual cycle and its
hormonal regulation.
3. List any four functions of hypothalamus and explain any one

4. Milk ejection reflex
5. Disynaptic reflex.
6. Mechanism of action of steroid hormones.
7. Decerebrate rigidity
8. Functions of vestibular apparatus
Draw and label:

(2x2½=5)
9. Cortico spinal tract
10. Auditory pathway
Explain the physiological basis of the following:

(5x2=10)
11. Exophthalmos is a clinical feature of thyroid dysfunction
12. Sertoli cells are important in spermatogenesis
13. Calcium plays a major role in skeletal muscle relaxation
14. Near point of vision recedes rapidly with advancing age
15. Parathyroidectomy leads to signs of neuromuscular hyperexitability
***************
- ;
Q.P. Code: 1101 Reg. no.: .....................

First Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations, March 2012
ANATOMY- PAPER I

Long Essay (10)

1. A 60 years old man while rushing to catch a train in the railway station felt severe chest
pain with profuse sweating and tingling sensation along the medial aspect of his left
arm. He was soon taken to the hospital where an ECG showed irregularities. His
blood pressure dropped dramatically and he lapsed into deep coma and died several
minutes later. Post mortem study revealed total obstruction of the left coronary artery
and near complete obstruction of the right coronary artery. Based on your anatomical
knowledge answer the following questions:
• Explain how a coronary artery diseases produces retrosternal chest pain, tingling
sensation along the medial side of his left arm and increased sweating.
• Briefly describe the origin, course and areas of distribution of coronary arteries.
• What is meant by left artery dominance.
• Obstruction to which coronary artery is more likely to produce irregularities in hearts
rhythm and why.
• Mention the sites where the branches of left and right coronary arteries
anastomose; what is the functional significance of these anastomosis
(2+4½+1+1+1½=10)
2. External ligaments of knee joint

3. Synovial joints : classification with examples
4. Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the breast
Short notes (5x3=15)

5. Yolk sac and its fate in humans
6. Azygos vein
7. Superficial palmar arch
8. Microscopic structure of lymph node
9. Femoral sheath
Short answer (3x2=6)

10. Turners syndrome
11. Boundaries and contents of quadrangular space of scapular region
12. Neural crest
Draw diagrams (2x2=4)

13. Mediastinal surface of left lung
14. Transverse section through middle of right thigh.
*************************
Q.P. Code: 1201 Reg. no.: ................... ..
ANATOMY- PAPER II

Long Essay (10)

1. A 65-year old man came to the hospital with difficulty in passing urine and increased
frequency of micturition during night time. His condition was diagnosed as benign
enlargement of prostate. With your knowledge of anatomy, answer the following
questions.
• Name the lobe of the prostate which is usually involved in this condition.
• Briefly describe its coverings, lobes, venous and lymphatic drainage.
• Mention the types of gland found in the prostate with the help of a diagram.
• Name the part of the urethra passing through it. Give its internal features.
(1+4+2½+2½=10)

2. Spleen-gross anatomy, relations , development and applied anatomy
3. Cavernous sinus
4. Lateral ventricle of brain

5. Lateral pterygoid
6. innervation of the tongue
7. Superficial perineall pouch
8. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
9. Circle of Willis

10. Development of kidney
12. Extra ocular muscles - enumerate with nerve supply
Draw neat labeled diagrams: (2x2=4)

13. Transverse section of midbrain at the level of inferior colliculus
14.Structures forming stomach bed
***********************
Q.P. Code: 1501 Reg. no.: .................... .
BIOCHEMISTRY- PAPER I
Essay (10)
t: Define Kreb's cycle. Describe the reactions of Kreb's cycle. Add a note on its
energetics and significance. (1+6+1+2=10)
2. Describe the reactions of ketogenesis and its regulation.

3. Define secondary structure of proteins and mention its types. Describe about
a-helix.
4. Define mucopolysaccharides and give two examples.

5. Describe the functions of mitochondria.
6. Define phospholipids and how are they classified.
7. Define feed back inhibition and give two examples
8. What are uncouplers . Give two examples
9. Define epimers and give two examples

10. Define optimum pH and give one example
11. What are isomerases and give an example indicating the reaction catalysed
12.What is Cori's disease and mention the enzyme defect in it
13. Mention the four functions of albumin
14. Name the defective enzyme in galactosemia

15. Name two polyunsaturated fatty acids
16. Define active site of an enzyme
17. Name two conditions causing increased urea level
18. Name the enzyme defect in Maple syrup urine disease
**************
Q.P.Code 1601 Reg. No.:.................... .
First Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations - March 2012
BIOCHEMISTRY- PAPER II
Time: 3 hrs Max marks : 50

Essay (10)
1. Describe about sources , RDA, biochemical functions and deficiency manifestations of
vitamin A. (1+1+6+2=10)

2. Define protein energy malnutrition and compare marasmus and kwashiorkor
3. Describe the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide synthesis with its significance.
Describe the disorder associated with it.

4. Describe any four functions of calcium
5. Structure of DNA
6. Define metabolic acidosis. Mention the causes and biochemical finding in metabolic
acidosis.
7. Define Reverse transcription and mention its significance
•
8. Name the tests to measure GFR and define creatinine clearance.

9. Mention few unusual bases and mention where it is present.
10. Name the buffer systems in the body.
11. Mention the cause and clinical features of pellagra.
12.What is gout and mention few clinical features of gout.
13. Mention two diagnostic uses of radioactive isotopes.

14. Name the hormones causing increased cyclic AMP production.
15. Enzyme used as tumor marker.
16. Mention the normal level of serum creatinine.
17. Mention the enzyme deficient in severe combined immunodeficiency disorder.
18.What type of mutation occurs in sickle cell anemia and what is the biochemical defect
in sickle cell anemia.
***************
Code: 1301 Reg. no.: .................... .
PHYSIOLOGY- PAPER I

• Draw Diagrams wherever necessary
Long Essay: (10)
1. A 50 year old male come with complaints of difficulty in breathing. Auscultation revealed the
presence of rhonchi in all the lung fields. Patient's pulmonary function tests revealed
FVC decreased
FEV1=60%
• What is FVC and FEV1.
• Give the normal values of FEV1 and FEV1.
• Describe the physiological basis for this change of FEV1.
• What is the probable clinical condition.
• What is the significance of FEV1.
(2+1+2+2+3=10)
Short Essay: (2x5=10)
2. Describe the morphology, properties and functions of platelets.
3. Describe the functions and regulation of hydrochloric acid secretion
Write briefly on (5x3=15)
4. Right atrial pressure changes.

5. Synthesis and functions of surfactants.
6. Role of juxta glomerular apparatus in the regulation of ECF volume.
7. Rh factor and it's clinical significance.
8. Phases of deglutition.
Draw and label (2x21/2 =5)

9. The effect of temperature and pH on oxygen dissosciation curve.
10. Normal ECG.
11. Atonic bladder.

12. Megaloblastic anaemia in vitamin B12 deficiency .
13. Acclimatization in high altitude.
14. Mouth to mouth respiration is the best form of artificial respiration.
15. Steatorrhoea in acute pancreatitis .
***********************
Q.P. Code: 1401 Reg. no.: .....................
PHYSIOLOGY- PAPER II

Long Essay: (10)
1. A patient developed carpopedal spasm after thyroid surgery. During examination,

tapping over the facial nerve resulted in contraction of facial muscles
• What is the clinical diagnosis, mention the cause
• What is the clinical sign elicited by tapping the facial nerve.
• Name one another clinical sign elicited in this condition and how is it elicited
• Name the hormones pertaining to the clinical condition. Describe the functions
of any one of them.
• What treatment would you recommend for the patient (2+1+2+3+2=10)
2. Describe the role of hypothalamus in the regulation of food intake.

3. Connections and functions of basal ganglia.
Write briefly on (5x3=15)

4. Tests for ovulation
5. Physiological actions of glucagon on carbohydrate metabolism
6. Hormones regulating spermatogenesis.
7. Describe the role of basilar membrane in frequency discrimination
8. Accommodation reflex
Draw and label (2x2½ =5)
9. Posterior column tracts

10. Mechanism of action of thyroid hormone on intracellular receptor
11.Sensory homunculus
12.Reciprocal innervation
13. Contraceptive pills
14. Fluent aphasia
15.Glucocorticoids in stress
***********************
Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations, August 2012
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long essay (10)

1. A football player fell heavily and dislocated his right shoulder joint while playing. A
collar and cuff support was given, after reducing the dislocation. Subsequently an
orthopedic surgeon noticed that his right shoulder was less prominent than the left.
The player was finding it difficult to abduct the arm to the horizontal level. Based on
your anatomical knowledge answer the following questions:
• What anatomical features make the shoulder joint particularly prone to dislocation
• Briefly describe the most stabilizing structure of the joint and why the head of the
humerus is often displaced downwards.
• In this case, what is the cause of subsequent flattening of the right shoulder and the
difficulty in abducting the arm to a horizontal level.
• Briefly mention the ligaments and the muscles acting at the shoulder joint.
(2+2½+1+4½=10)
Short essay (3x5 =15)
3. Sciatic nerve: formation, course and branches
4. Longitudinal arches of foot

5. Neural tube
6. Microscopic structure of hyaline cartilage and its locations.
7. Flexor retinaculum of hand: attachments, relations, functions and applied aspect
8. Great saphenous vein: formation, course, termination and applied aspect
9. Broncho pulmonary segments

10. Linea aspera
11. Parts and branches of axillary artery
12. Interossei of hand

13. Cross section of thorax at the level of sternal angle
14. Boundaries and contents of femoral triangle.
***************************
Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A 4 year old child swallowed a shirt button. Since the child began to suffocate she
was rushed to the hospital, where on x-ray examination, impaction of foreign body in
the larynx was confirmed. Based on your knowledge in anatomy, answer the
following questions.
• Which is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity. • Briefly describe the interior of
larynx. • Which muscle is known as the safety muscle of the larynx and why.
• Name the joints at which the muscles of larynx act and briefly mention the
movements taking place at these joints. • What anatomical structures in the midline
of neck are encountered during surgical approach to trachea below isthmus of thyroid
gland. (1+3½ +1+2½ +2=10)
Short Essay (3x5=15)
2. Anal canal
3. Spinal cord – gross anatomical features, blood supply and vertebral levels of spinal
segments
4. Inguinal canal- extent, boundaries, contents and applied anatomy.
Short notes: (5x3=15)

5. Posterior triangle of neck
6. Lacrimal apparatus
7. Corpus callosum
9. First branchial arch
Short answers: (3x2=6)

10. Enumerate the muscles of the soft palate
11. Deep perineal pouch and its contents
12. Derivatives of pre arterial segment of midgut loop
Draw diagram: (2x2=4)

13. Horizontal section through the abdomen at the level of L4 vertebra
14. Circle of Willis
*******************
QP Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………


Essay (10)
1. Describe the sources, RDA, biochemical functions and deficiency manifestations of
vitamin D. (2+1+5+2=10)
Short essays (2x5=10)

2. Describe the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide synthesis with its significance.
Describe the disorder associated with it.
3. Describe the structure and functions of tRNA.

4. Define metabolic acidosis. Mention the causes and biochemical finding in metabolic
acidosis.
5. Define replication and mention four inhibitors of replication.
6. Marasmus.
7. Mention the functions of zinc.
8. Cause and clinical features of acute intermittent porphyria.
Answer briefly (5x2=10)

9. Define nucleotide. Name two adenosine nucleotide derivatives.
10. Point mutation
11. Name the liver function tests.
12. Functions of biotin.
13. Define thalassemia and mention the different types of thalassemias.
Give precise answers (5x1=5)

14. Name two tumor suppressor genes.
15. Define genetic code.
16. Name two hormones causing increased levels of cyclic AMP.
17. Name the coenzyme required for transamination reactions.
18. Mention the normal serum calcium level.
***************
Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
Essay (10)
1. Mention the reactions by which glycine is synthesized and catabolized. Add a note
on the specialized products formed and mention the disorders associated with glycine
metabolism. (2+6+2=10)
2. Fatty acid synthase complex.

3. Describe the reactions of urea cycle. Discuss the interrelationship between urea
cycle and citric acid cycle.
4. Mention three examples of transmethylation reactions.

5. Ketosis
6. Secondary structure of proteins.
7. Importance of glutamine.
8. Covalent modification.
9. Hartnup’s disease.
10. Classification of glycolipids.
11. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.
12. Functions of cholesterol.
13. Significance of HMP shunt
14. Enzyme defect in maple syrup urine disease.

15. Epimer of glucose.
16. Normal level of serum albumin.
17. Name the biochemical test for phenylketonuria.
18. Important product of Rapaport- Leubering cycle in RBC
***************
Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………
PHYSIOLOGY – Paper I

Long essay (10)
1. A 60year old man presented with acute retro sternal chest pain radiating to the inner
aspect of left arm. The ECG showed ST segment elevation in some of the leads.
• What is the most probable diagnosis
• What are the other ECG changes that may occur in this condition
• Explain the leads used in recording ECG
• With the help of a diagram describe the waves, intervals and segments of
normal ECG recording in Lead I (1+1+2+6=10)
Short essays (2x5 =10)
2. Describe the mechanism of water re-absorption from the different parts of the renal
tubules
3. Explain the neural regulation of respiration
4. Peptic ulcer
5. Rh blood group system
6. Micturition reflex
7. Hypoxia
8. Hypovolemic shock
9. O2 – Hb dissociation curve
10. Pacemaker potential
11. Clotting occurs when blood is kept in a glass tube

12. Steatorrhoea occurs after pancreatectomy.
13. Alveoli do not collapse during expiration
14. Anemia is seen in patients with renal disease
15. Edema in hypoproteinemia
***********************
Q.P.Code:104001 Reg. no.: …………………
Physiology – Paper II
Long essay: (10)

1. A 30 years old female visits a clinic with the complains of weight gain, hoarseness of
voice and irregular periods for the past 3 months. Her blood investigations showed
decrease in the T3 and T4 levels and increase in the TSH level
·What is the clinical diagnosis
·Describe the clinical features and their physiological basis
·Discuss the steps involved in the synthesis of the hormone (2+5+3=10)
Short essays: (2x5=10)

2. Role of aldosterone in maintaining ECF sodium concentration
3. Tests for ovulation
4. Functions of CSF
5. Cushing’s syndrome.
6. Impedance matching
7. Adaptation of receptors
8. Functions of oestrogen
Draw and label: (2x2½=5)
9. Visual pathway
10. Stretch reflex and inverse stretch reflex
11. Lactation amenorrhea

12. Maximal visual acuity occurs at the fovea centralis
13. Fever during infection
14. Broad based gait in cerebellar lesion
15. Hearing is impaired during severe cold or sore throat
**********************
Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations, February 2013
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long Essay (10)
1. A 48 year old woman came to the surgery out-patient department with complaint of a
lump in her right breast. On examination, surgeon found that the lump was hard and
painless and in the upper outer quadrant of right breast. Axillary lymph nodes on the right
side were enlarged and right breast was not mobile. Histopathological examination
revealed malignancy of right breast. With your knowledge in anatomy answer the
following questions:
• What is the normal extent of breast both vertically and horizontally
• Name three muscles related to the base of the breast.
• What could be the reason for loss of mobility of breast in this condition
• Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast
• Describe the arterial supply of the breast (1+1½+1+3½+3=10)

2. Right atrium – gross anatomy and development
3. Popliteal fossa – boundaries, contents and applied anatomy
4. Ankle joint – type, bones articulating, movements occurring in that joint and muscles
causing the movements

6. Effects of fertilization
7. Name the different types of epiphysis with examples
8. Microscopic structure of white fibro cartilage
9. Define broncho-pulmonary segment and mention its clinical importance

10. Greater sciatic foramen
11. Transverse pericardial sinus
12. Palmar aponeurosis

13. Femoral triangle – boundaries and contents.
14. Horizontal section at the level of T-4 vertebra
***********************
Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A 60 year old person who was suffering from high blood pressure was admitted to the
hospital with sudden onset of contra lateral hemiplegia and loss of speech. Based on
your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions:
• Which part of the brain is probably involved here
• Describe the sulci, gyri and functional areas on the superolateral surface of cerebrum
• Describe the blood supply of this surface (1+5+4=10)

2. Inguinal hernia
3. Medial wall of middle ear
4. Development of pancreas

6. Nasal septum
7. Otic ganglion
8. Blood supply of thyroid gland
9. Anterior relations of left kidney
Short answers (3x2=6)

10. Coverings of prostate gland
11. Microscopic structure of ileum
12. Descent of testis

13. Floor of fourth ventricle
14. Median section through female pelvis
***********************
QP Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

Essay (10)
1. Describe how protein is synthesized in body. Name any two inhibitors of protein
biosynthesis. Add a note on post translational modifications. (6+2+2=10)

2. Outline the degradation of heme. Add a note on fate of conjugated bilirubin in
intestine.
3. Explain briefly on storage and absorption of iron from intestine.

4. Define gout. Mention the causes of primary gout.
5. Explain the role of kidney in acid base regulation.
6. List the restriction endonucleases and mention its uses.
7. Mention the principle and application of polymerase chain reaction.
8. Explain the structure of IgG molecule and indicate its function.

9. Name the coenzyme forms of niacin and write important functions for each one of
them.
10. Wilson’s disease.
11. What is metabolic acidosis. Mention one example of a disease associated with it.
12. List two examples of detoxification by conjugation.
13. What is post hepatic jaundice and how it is diagnosed biochemically.

14. Pro vitamin and mention one example.
15. Clinical features of rickets.
16. One example for point mutation.
17. Enzymes commonly used in ELISA technique.
18. Xeroderma pigmentosum is due to deficiency of.
***************
QP Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………

Essay (10)
1. Describe by a flow diagram the reactions of glycolysis giving names of enzymes
involved. Explain its regulation and add a note on the energetic in aerobic & anaerobic
conditions. (6+2+2=10)

2. What are essential fatty acids. Enumerate them. List two functions and one deficiency
manifestation. (1+2+2=5)
3. Explain the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. (2+3=5)

4. Alpha helix
5. Explain, why blood is collected in a fluoride tube for glucose estimation.
6. Glucose Alanine cycle
7. Enzymes as markers of myocardial infarction
8. Transamination
9. What is substrate level phosphorylation. Mention one example.
10. What are lipotropic factors. Name any two lipotropic agents.
11. Four functions of cholesterol
12. Why TCA cycle is called amphibolic.
13. Two co-enzymes roles of NADPH
14. One therapeutic use of enzyme
15. Compound that facilitates the release of O2 from oxyhaemoglobin
16. Lipoprotein involved in reverse cholesterol synthesis
17. Enzyme deficiency in Mc Ardle syndrome
18. Enzyme defect in Lactose intolerance
***************
Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A 48 year old man suffering from diabetes mellitus had increased frequency of
micturition
• What is the physiological basis of the polyuria
• What are the mechanisms operating in the nephron for the concentration of urine
• Add a note on free water clearance (3+6+1=10)
2. Explain the ionic basis of pacemaker potential with the aid of a labeled diagram,.
Mention the changes during sympathetic stimulation
3. Explain the mechanism of temperature regulation in a cold environment
4. Mechanism of HCl secretion by gastric parietal cells

5. Haemophilia
6. Timed vital capacity
7. Factors influencing venous return
8. Plasma cell.
9. Nephron
10. ECG of lead II
11. Physiological jaundice

12. Deglutition apnoea
13.Reticulocytosis
14. Alveoli do not collapse during expiration
15. Bleeding tendency in Vitamin K deficiency
***********************
Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A 45 year old man has come to the hospital for remarkable changes in his appearance.
Physical examination: tongue is enlarged, hands and feet are enlarged with spade like
fingers and presence of hepatomegaly.
Fasting blood glucose is 150mg%. Fasting growth hormone level is 60ng/ml. Answer
the following questions based on your knowledge in physiology :
• Name the probable condition.
• Mention the normal fasting blood glucose value.
• Which is the hormone involved in this condition and what is the defect.
• Explain the actions of the hormone involved.
(1+1+2+6=10)
2. Describe the mechanism of action and regulation of aldosterone secretion.
3. Describe connections and functions of thalamus.
4. Stretch reflex.
5. Hypo function of thyroid gland.
6. Functions of sertoli cells.
7. Taste buds.
8. Waves in EEG
9. Visual pathway.
10. Lateral spinothalamic tract.
11. Trousseau’s sign.
12. Macular sparing.
13. Contraceptive pills.
14. Pain in the arm during cardiac angina.
15. Left internal capsule lesion produces right hemiplegia.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long essay (10)

1. A 52 year old man presented with shortness of breath and coughing up small volumes of
blood. Clinical examination revealed multiple dilated veins around the neck. A chest x-
ray demonstrated a tumor mass involving the upper part of right lung and elevated right
dome of diaphragm. Based on your anatomical knowledge answer the following
questions.
● Compression of which structure in the chest by the tumor is responsible for dilated
veins around the neck. ● Mention the extent and relation in the mediastinum ● Briefly
describe the other structures related to the mediastinal surface of the right lung.
● Injury to which structure is responsible for elevated diaphragm on the right side
● Briefly describe the broncho-pulmonary segments of lungs and its applied importance.
(1+2+3+1+3=10)

2. Hip joint – articular surfaces, capsule and ligaments, muscles involved in appropriate
movements of the joint
3. Inter muscular spaces of scapular region – boundaries & contents and applied anatomy.
4. Intra embryonic mesoderm – formation, parts and derivatives.
5. Fertilization.
6. Hamstring’s muscles.
7. Left coronary artery.
8. Axillary lymph nodes.
9. Interrosseus muscles of hand.
10. Greater sciatic forarmen
11. Klienfelter’s syndrome.
12. Microscopic structure of hyaline cartilage.
Draw diagram (2x2=4)
13. Brachial plexus.
14. Longitudinal arches of foot.
********************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A 35 year old woman with four living children and history of all vaginal deliveries attended
gynaecological out-patient department with complaints of pelvic heaviness, a dragging
sensation in the vagina, protrusion of a mass coming down from the vagina and
backache. On examination the condition was diagnosed as prolapse of uterus. With your
knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions.
• anatomical position of non gravid uterus
• peritoneal relations of uterus
• supports of uterus
• arterial supply of uterus
• lymphatic drainage of uterus (1+4+2+1+2=10)

2. Corpus striatum
4. Lesser sac

5. Developmental descent of testis
6. Pre central gyrus of cerebrum
7. Microscopic structure of pancreas
8. Middle meatus of nose
9. Spermatic cord

10. Motor and sensory innervation of tongue
11. Bile duct
12. Derivatives of mid gut

13. Transverse section at the level of inferior colliculus of mid brain
14. Anterior relations of right kidney
***********************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

Essay (10)
1. Discuss in detail the mechanism by which kidney maintains the blood pH. What is meant
by metabolic acidosis and how it is compensated. (1+6+3=10)

2. Explain the degradation of haem
3. Discuss the process of transcription in prokaryotes

4. Cytochrome p450
5. List the different functions of plasma proteins.
6. Describe the Wald’s visual cycle.
7. Antioxidants
8. Discuss the base repair mechanism of DNA

9. Pellagra
10. Factors affecting iron absorption
11. DNA finger printing
12. Define gout and name three drugs used to treat gout.
13. Orotic aciduria

14. Mention two features of mitochondrial DNA
15. List the functions of restriction endonucleases.
16. Define tumor markers and mention one example
17.The normal albumin-globulin ratio and mention a condition in which it is reversed
18. Mention the examples of partially acceptable missense mutation and unacceptable
missense mutation
***************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
Essay (10)
1. Discuss the metabolism of phenylalanine.

2. Digestion and absorption of lipids.
3. Describe glycogen metabolism.

4. Mutarotation
5. Essential fatty acids.
6. Isoenzymes.
7. Co-enzyme Q
8. Fate of pyruvate.
9. Regulation of cholesterol synthesis.
10. LDL receptor.
11. GABA
12. Albinism.
13. Ketogenic amino acids.
14. What are epimers.
15. What is lecithin and mention its use.
16. Define iso-electric pH.
17.Name two transport proteins.
18. Mention two examples of biologically important peptides.
***************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A road traffic accident victim was found to be unconscious and breathing in an irregular
rhythm. From your knowledge of physiology
• Name two types of periodic breathing
• Explain the neural regulation of respiration
• What is the mechanism of function of medullary chemo receptors. (1+5+4=10)
2. Name the components of the enteric nervous system and outline its functions
3. Describe the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. Mention one test for assessing it
4. Law of intestines
5. Sickle cell anemia
6. Non renal functions of kidney
7. Pathophysiology of peptic ulcer
8. Cystometrogram
9. Splay
10. Cardiac muscle action potential
11. Korotkoff’s sounds

12. Alveoli are dry
13. Skin is cold in hypovolemic shock
14. Q wave in an ECG
15. Steatorrhoea in diseases that destroy exocrine pancreas
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………
PHYSIOLOGY – Paper II

Long essay (10)
1. A 50 years old patient of hypertension suddenly developed weakness of right upper and
lower extremities and difficulty is speaking following a brief episode of loss of
consciousness. On examination motor tone of his right extremities was found to be
increased. Answer the following questions based on your knowledge in physiology :
• What would an examination of power and deep tendon reflexes of the patient reveal
• What would examination of the plantar reflex of the patient most likely reveal
• Explain the physiological basis of the findings of deep tendon reflexes in this patient
• What is the most likely clinical diagnosis of his condition (2+2+5+1=10)
2. Metabolic effects of insulin

3. Denervation hypersensitivity
4. Accommodation reflex
5. Pituitary dwarfism
6. Parkinsonism
7. Features of cerebellar lesions
8. Ovarian cycle
Draw and label (2x2½=5)
9. Length-tension relationship in skeletal muscle

10. Wald’s visual cycle - flow chart
11. Patients with sensory ataxia lose balance on closing their eyes
12. Intra-uterine contraceptive devices prevent pregnancy
13. Diaphragmatic pain is felt at the tip of the shoulder
14. Patients of acromegaly may develop diabetes
15. Cardiac muscle cannot be tetanised
*****************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long essay (10)

1. A 30-years old man was brought to the casualty following a road traffic accident. On
examination, his right lower limb was shorted, flexed and internally rotated. X-ray of his
right hip showed posterior displacement of head of femur. Following surgical correction of
dislocation of hip, the patient was not able to dorsiflex his right foot. Based on your
knowledge in anatomy answer the following questions.
● Injury to which nerve in posterior dislocation of hip, can produce inability to dorsiflex the
foot. ●Briefly describe the articular surfaces, capsule and ligaments, blood supply and
nerve supply of the hip joint. ● Name the muscles acting at the hip joint and mention the
appropriate movements produced by them ● Mention the anatomical features render this
joint prone to dislocation. (1+ 4 ½ +2 ½ +2=10)

2. Venous drainage of lower limb
3. Cervical and thoracic parts of oesophagus
4. Brachial plexus- formation, parts, branches and applied anatomy
5. Dizygotic twins
6. Cruciate ligaments
7. Carpal tunnel
8. Development of lungs
9. Thoracic duct
10. Enumerate the compound glands
11. Reciprocal translocation
12. Microscopic anatomy of spinal ganglion
13. Relations of heart and great vessels to the anterior wall of thorax – surface marking -
(borders, surfaces, valves of heart)
14. Anastomosis around elbow joint
****************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A 55 years old woman complained of midline nodular swelling in the front of her neck
which moves on swallowing. On examination, she had slight tremors on outstretched
hands; Pulse was 111 per min, BP 156/100 mm Hg and slight blurring of eyes. She also
told that, she had lost weight and feels feverish. Answer the following questions:
• Which organ is likely to be involved.

• Why does this swelling move during swallowing.
• Mention the relations of this organ
• Explain the blood supply of this organ and mention the precautions to be taken while
ligating these vessels during surgery (1+2+3+4 = 10)

2. Extra hepatic biliary apparatus
3. Basal ganglia
4. Supports of uterus

5. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
6. Development of portal vein
7. Microscopic structure of pancreas
8. Lesser sac
9. Structures over hyoglossus

10. Coverings of kidney
11. Branches of external carotid artery
12. Pudendal canal

13. Transverse section at the level of upper part of pons
14. Stomach bed.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A 40 years old man was admitted to hospital with complaints of difficulty in breathing
and shortness of breath following a head injury. Answer the following :
• With the help of diagrams describe two types of periodic breathing
• Explain the physiological basis for the changes in periodic breathing
• Describe the role of peripheral chemo receptors in regulation of normal respiration
(3+2+5=10)
2. Discuss the factors affecting cardiac output and add a note on Brainbridge reflex
3. Describe the counter current multiplier in the kidney
4. Hypoxic hypoxia
5. Proteolytic pancreatic enzymes
6. Auto regulation of glomerlular filtration rate
7. First and second heart sounds
8. Gastric emptying time
9. Left Ventricular pressure changes recorded during a normal cardiac cycle

10. Effect of pH on the oxygen – hemoglobin dissociation curve
11. Oxygen debt

12. Receptive relaxation
13. Prolonged standing results in fainting attacks
14. Prolonged action potential in cardiac muscle
15. Protective effect of vaccination
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A 70 years old hypertensive male has come to the hospital with complaints of inability to
use the right upper and lower limb. Physical examination revealed hypertonia + and
exaggerated deep tendon reflexes on the right side. Babinski’s sign was positive on the
right side. Answer the following questions based on your knowledge in physiology :
• Name the clinical condition
• Explain the physiological basis of the above findings
• Differentiate between upper and lower motor neuron lesion.
• Why Babinski’s sign is positive. (1+5+3+1=10)
2. Describe about spermatogenesis and the hormonal factors regulating it.

3. Name the nuclei of hypothalamus. Enumerate the functions of hypothalamus and
describe any one in detail.
4. Functions of growth hormone

5. Aphasia.
6. Functions of limbic system.
7. Functions of placenta.
8. Intra uterine contraceptive devices.
9. Functional areas of cerebral cortex.

10. Organ of corti.
11. Lumbar puncture is done at L2 - L3 level.

12. Dark adaptation.
13. Pain disappears by rubbing the affected area.
14. Body temperature is slightly elevated after ovulation
15. Pigmentation is seen in Addison’s disease.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
Essay (10)
1. Explain in detail glycogensis and glycogenolysis. Mention the enzyme defects in any two
of glycogen storage disorders. (4+4+2= 10)
2. Name the ketone bodies. Describe the process of ketogenesis. List the conditions that
lead to ketoacidosis.
3. Mention the normal blood urea level. Explain how urea is synthesized in the body
4. What is meant by suicide enzyme inhibition. Explain with one example.

5. Discuss about phenyl ketonurias.
6. What are glycosamino glycans. List two examples with its functions .
7. Discuss the primary structure of human insulin.
8. Discuss the significance of gluconeogenesis
9. Functions of phospholipids
10. Name the poly amines and mention its functions.
11. Significances of km values.
12. Name the lung surfactant and mention its components
13. List the functions of Rapaport Leubering cycle.
14. Why starch can be utilized by humans but not cellulose.

15. What are cathepsins.
16. List two clinical examples of competitive inhibition.
17. Why alcohol ingestion causes fatty liver.
18. List the compounds formed from arginine.
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

Essay (10)
1. Describe the source, dietary requirements, biochemical functions and deficiency
manifestations of vitamin A. (1+1+4+4=10)

2. Explain briefly on blood buffers and add a note renal mechanism of maintaining acid
base balance. (2+3=5)
3. Describe the process of DNA replication. (5)

4. Abnormal hemoglobins
5. Tumor markers
6. Liver function tests
7. Immunoglobulins
8. Gene therapy

9. Folate antagonists
10. Normal serum concentration of sodium and potassium
11. ELISA ( Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay )
12. What is the normal serum calcium level. Name the hormones regulating serum calcium
13. Enzyme defect in lesch-nyhan syndrome and orotic aciduria

14. Deficiency of vitamin C
15. Examples for point mutation
16. What are BJP(Bence jones proteins)
17. Name two oncogenes
18. Normal serum uric acid level
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long essay (10)

1. While driving a car, a 30 years old man was accidently hit against a tree. He was rushed
to the hospital. His chief complaint was that, he could not stand up because of severe
pain. Physical examination revealed, his lower limb was slightly flexed, adducted, medially
rotated and appeared shorter than the other limb. X-rays were taken. Posterior
dislocation of the right hip with fracture of the posterior margin of acetabulum was
diagnosed. With your knowledge in anatomy, answer the following:
• Mention the type and articular surfaces of hip joint.
• Describe the ligaments
• Describe the blood supply of the joint giving its clinical importance
• Which nerve is prone to get injured in this case. What is its origin and root value.
• Enumerate the movements of the hip joint and the muscles producing them.
(1+3+2+2+2=10)

2. Deltoid muscle and its deep relations
3. Placenta – formation and anomalies
4. Oesophagus – vertebral extent, constrictions, relations in the thoracic cavity and applied
anatomy
5. Inversion and eversion of foot
6. Microscopic structure of compact bone
7. Coronary sinus
8. Barr body
9. Extent and branches of femoral artery

10. Common peroneal nerve
11. Adductor pollicis
12. Coracoid process of scapula

13. Femoral triangle
14. Typical inter-costal nerve
***************************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A patient brought to causality following road traffic accident had bulging of left eyeball with
every radial pulse beat. X-ray revealed fracture of left half of body of sphenoid. Answer
the following questions:
• Mention the location and extent to cavernous sinus
• its relations and its tributaries
• Mention the reason for pulsating bulge of left eyeball in the above patient
• Classify the cranial dural venous sinuses (2+6+1+1 = 10)

2. Ischio-rectal fossa
4. Functional areas of supero-lateral surface of cerebrum
5. Deep perineal pouch
6. Relations of second part of duodenum
7. Lymphatic drainage of stomach
9. Microscopic anatomy of sub mandibular salivary gland

10. Boundaries of epiploic foramen
11. Development of pituitary gland
12. Lacrimal sac

14. Median section of male pelvis
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. Oxygen delivery to tissues will be greatly reduced in a patient with carbon monoxide
poisoning. Answer the following:
• What is the physiological basis for reduced oxygen delivery to the tissues.
• Describe the functional significance of oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
• Mention the factors which will shift oxygen dissociation curve to right and left
(2½+5+2½=10)
2. Regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion

3. Jugular venous pulse
4. Venous return
5. Fetal hemoglobin
6. Periodic breathing
7. Post prandial alkaline tide
8. Micturition reflex
9. Draw and label diagram of lung volumes and capacities

10. Draw ECG recorded in lead II
11. Splay in renal glucose re-absorption curve

12. Dicumarol as an anticoagulant
13. Leucocytosis
14. Dead space
15. Tubulo glomerular feedback
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A 40 years old man came to the OPD with a gait characterized by raising his feet
unnecessarily high and bringing it down in a stamping manner (stamping gait). He also
stood with his feet wide apart and tended to fall to the right with the eyes closed. Answer
● Where is the lesion in this patient. ● Describe the neural tract involved in this patient
with the help of a diagram. ● What are the sensations carried by this tract ● What is
dissociated anesthesia (1+5+2+2=10)
2. Describe hormonal and endometrial changes during menstrual cycle.

3. Describe the auditory pathway. List the types of deafness with a note on audiometry
4. Sensory homunculus
5. Dark adaptation
6. Role of the cerebellum in motor control
7. Physiological actions of growth hormones
8. Steps of spermatogenesis and list the hormones involved.
9. Feedback regulation of thyroid hormone secretion

10. Cortricospinal tract
11. End plate potential

12. Clasp knife rigidity
13. Contraceptive pills
14. Excitation contraction coupling.
15. Pigmentation in Addison’s disease.
*****************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
Essay (10)
1. Define beta oxidation.Explain the reactions of beta oxidation of palmitic
acid.Add a note on its energetics (1+6+3=10)
2. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

3. Important compounds derived from glycine.
4. Enumerate three types of enzyme specificity.

5. Lactose intolerance.
6. Transamination
7. Significance of the HMP shunt
8. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation
9. Active methionine
10. Biological action of glutathione
11. Hartnup’s disease
12. Clinical significance of ALP
13. Alkaptonurea
14. Name the deficient enzyme in Niemann Pick disease

15. Mention the normal level of serum creatinine
16. What is iso-electric pH
17. Mention any two key enzymes of glycolysis
18. Name four lipotropic factors
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

Essay (10)
1. Define replication. Describe in detail the replicative process in prokaryotes with the help
of diagrams (1+ 6+ 3= 10)

2. Discuss the structure and functions of Immunoglobulins
3. Discuss the co-enzyme role of thiamine and the deficiency disorder.

4. Differences between metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis.
5. PCR technique
6. Blood and urinary findings in various types of jaundice
7. List the functions of selenium.
8. Frame shift mutation

9. Calcitriol
10. Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
11. Wobble hypothesis
12. Spliceosomes
13. Creatinine clearance

14. Mention the normal serum albumin level and list two conditions where serum albumin is
decreased
15. Mention any two features of p53 gene
16. How glycine is used in detoxification reactions.
17. Enumerate the functions of zinc in the body.
18. Name the amino acids involved in the synthesis of pyrimidine
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations -
February 2015
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long Essay (10)
1. A 35 years old lady was admitted to the hospital with pain abdomen and vomiting: On
examination a small lemon sized swelling was noticed on upper medial aspect of right
thigh, infero-lateral to the pubic tubercle. The patient told she is having the swelling for
the last four months. With your knowledge in anatomy answer the following questions.
• What is the swelling in the front of thigh.
• Why did the patient present with abdominal pain and vomiting
• Describe the boundaries and contents of femoral triangle (2+2+6=10)

2. Pleural recesses
3. Ulnar nerve in hand
4. Axillary artery

5. Fibrous joints
6. Barr body
7. Somites
8. Coronary sinus
9. Erb’s paralysis

10. Microscopic structure of thymus
11. Coracoid process
12. Nerve supply of lumbricals

13. Horizontal section through thorax at the level of T4 vertebra
***********************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2015
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A patient was brought to casualty following a deep stab injury on the left side of back
with complaints of passing blood in urine. Answer the following questions:
• Surface marking of left kidney on the back
• Mention its coverings • Relations of left kidney
• Arterial supply • Development (2+1+4+1+2 = 10)

2. Internal capsule – constituents and arterial supply
3. Lesser sac
4. Extra ocular muscles- attachments and actions

5. Tela choroidea and choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
6. Relations of thyroid gland
7. Microscopic anatomy of prostate gland
8. True ligaments of uterus
9. Ansa cervicalis

10. Chorda tympani nerve
11. Cisterna magna
12. Development of anal canal

13. Supero-lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere
14. Transverse section of abdomen at the level of L4 vertebra
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2015

Long essay (10)
1. A 45 years old man is having high blood pressure. Answer the following
• What are the probable causes of high blood pressure.
• Mention and explain the determinants of blood pressure
• Describe the neural regulation of blood pressure. (2+4+4=10)
2. Stages of deglutition
3. Counter current mechanism in concentration of urine
4. Maturation factors of RBC

5. Small intestinal movements
6. Lung compliance
7. Filtration pressure in glomerulus
8. End – diastolic ventricular volume
9. Respiratory membrane
10. Cardiac cycle
11. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

12.Increased incidence of Tuberculosis in the apex of the lung
13. Mass peristalisis
14. Chloride shift
15. Tubular maximum for glucose.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2015

Long essay (10)
1. A 30 years female with features of increased weight, menstrual abnormalities, cold

intolerance. Answer the following questions based on your knowledge in physiology :
• Name the probable condition with its cause
• What are the physiological actions of hormone related to this condition
• Mention the tests for diagnosing this condition. (1+7+2=10)
2. Functions of cerebellum
3. Ovarian cycle
4. Brown-sequard syndrome.
5. Tetany
6. Functions of testosterone
7. Mention the stages of sleep
8. Differences between the actions of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline on
cardiovascular system
9. Organ of corti
10. Pain pathway from origin to termination
11. Cochlear microphonics

12. Hypermetropia
13. Blood brain barrier
14. Female contraceptive pill
15. Hypoglycemic action of insulin
***************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2015
Essay (10)
1. Explain the reactions of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis in flow diagrams. Describe
how these processes are regulated. (4+4+2=10)
2. Describe the role of lipoproteins in cholesterol transport.

3. Chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis.
4. What is active methionine. Mention two examples of transmethylation reaction.

5. What is glucose alanine cycle and mention its significance.
6. Fatty liver
7. Name different types of specificity shown by enzymes with examples.
8. Denaturation of proteins.
9. Define Km value and state its importance.

10. What is the role of bile salts in fat digestion and absorption.
11. What is phenylketonuria and name the enzymatic defect.
12. Dietary fibre
13. Bence Jones protein
14. List two examples of mucopolysaccharides.

15. Name four essential amino acids.
16. Name two therapeutic enzymes.
17. List any four high energy compounds.
18.Mention the biochemical defect in fructosuria
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

February 2015

Essay (10)
1. What is transcription. Enumerate the steps in transcription and add a note on post
transcriptional modifications (2+4+4=10)

2. How purine nucleotides are degraded. Add a note on abnormalities due to
excessive purine catabolism. ( 3+2=5)
3. Biochemical functions and deficiency manifestations of vitamin B12 (3+2=5)

4. Detoxification by conjugation
5. What are the salient features of genetic code
6. Respiratory acidosis
7. Name any two trace elements and mention the biological functions of each of
them
8. Functions of albumin

9. Salvage pathway of purine synthesis
10. Urea clearance test
11. Restriction enzymes
12. Acute intermittent porphyria
13. Principle of radioimmunoassay

14. Folate trap
15. Define BMR
16. What is ceruloplasmin.
17. Oncogenes
18. What is the normal serum level range of sodium and potassium
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations - August 2015
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long Essay (10)
1. A footballer is suffering from sustained injury to his right knee while kicking. His leg got
forcefully abducted in a slightly flexed position.
• Which is the likely meniscus has injured in this case.
• Why this meniscus is more prone to injury as compared to the other one.
• Enumerate the other intra capsular structures of the knee joint
• Briefly describe the process of locking and unlocking at the knee joint (1+2+3+4 = 10)
2. Arch of aorta
3. Inversion and eversion
5. Development of placenta
6. Microscopic structure of muscular artery
7. Coronary sinus
8. Blood supply of a long bone
9. Structures under gluteus maximus
10. Anatomical snuff box

11. Down’s syndrome
12. Branches of axillary artery
13. Showing visceral relations of mediastinal surface of right lung

14. Brachial plexus- formation and branches
***********************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A 55 years old man presented with a rapidly growing swelling on the left side his face
just below the ear lobule. On examination, the ear lobule was found to be lifted by the
swelling. Following surgical excision of the swelling, the person found it difficult to
close the left eye and blow the cheek. The angle of mouth was deviated to the right.
Based on your knowledge in anatomy, answer the following questions:
● Which anatomical structure is likely to be involved to form the swelling. ● Briefly

describe the external features, relations and blood supply of the structure involved
● Accidental injury to which nerve is the probable cause of the man’s difficulties
mentioned in the question. ● Briefly explain the reasons for these disabilities(1+6+1+2=10)

2. Thyroid gland- external features, relations, blood supply and development.
3. Urinary bladder.
5. Vermiform appendix.
6. Coeliac trunk.
7. Porto caval anastomoses.
8. Microscopic anatomy of cerebellum.
9. Male urethra.
Short answers ( 3x2=6)
10.Routes of spread of infection from dangerous area of face to the cavernous sinus.
11. Piriform recess.
12.Meckel’s diverticulum.
13. Transverse section at the level of lower part of pons.
14. Distribution of cutaneous nerves to head and neck.
************************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A 30 years old lady presented with history of cough and breathlessness that got
worse during the winter months every year. She also complained of occasional
whistling sounds arising from the chest during breathing. Answer the following :
• What is the most likely clinical diagnosis of her condition
• What major findings would her pulmonary function tests show
• What kind of medication would she likely benefit from
• Depict the different lung volumes and capacities with the help of a neatly labeled
diagram
• what is the significance of residual volume (1+2+1+4+2=10)
2. Describe the peculiarities of the coronary circulation

3. Describe the mechanism of gastric acid secretion
4. Renal clearance
5. Bombay blood group
6. Deglutition reflex
7. Hyperthermia
8. Peripheral chemo receptors
9. Cystometrogram
10. Respiratory membrane
11. Change of posture from supine to standing causes tachycardia

12. Prolonged stay at high altitude increases the hematocrit
13. Hemoglobin saturation in arterial blood is usually less than 100%
14. Partial gastrectomy results in anemia
15. Raised intracranial pressure causes bradycardia and hypertension
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A 33 years old woman complained of weight gain. Round face, thinning of her limbs
and increased bruising of skin with discoloration on her prominent abdomen. Answer
• What is the probable endocrinological disorder
• Explain The Metabolic Actions Of The Hormone Involved
• Mention the major manifestations and their physiological basis (1+4+5=10)
2. Excitation –contraction coupling.

3. Gate control theory of pain
4. Mode of action of peptide hormone

5. Brown-sequard syndrome
6. Functions of thalamus
7. Safe period
8. Adreno-genital syndrome
9. Taste pathway
10.Multipolar Neuron
11. Babinski’s sign in new born

12. Polyuria in diabetes mellitus
13. Phantom limb
14. Dark adaptation
15. Presbyopia
*****************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
Essay (10)
1. Enumerate the components of electron transport chain. Describe the synthesis of
ATP. Indicate the site specific inhibitors. Mention two examples for uncouplers.
(4+2+2+2=10)

2. Gluconeogenesis
3. Diagnostic significance of serum enzymes

4. Digestion of carbohydrates
5. Essential fatty acids
6. Denaturation
7. Principle of chromatography
8. Name three glycogen storage diseases and its biochemical defect
9. Role of carnitine
10. Define isoelectric pH. State properties of a protein at its isoelectric pH
11. Importance of HMP shunt pathway
12. Sources of ammonia
13. Allosteric enzymes
14. Name the biochemical defect in Nieman-pick disease

15. Zymogen activation
16. Mention the reaction catalyzed by ATP-citrate lyase
17. Mention two biologically active peptides
18. Mention one therapeutic use of enzyme
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

Essay (10)
1. Describe the process of transcription. What are the post transcriptional

modifications. Mention two inhibitors of transcription. (6+3+1=10)

2. Describe uric acid formation and mention the clinical significance of its
estimation.
3. Mention the normal level of serum calcium. Explain the hormonal regulation of
serum calcium

4. Acute intermittent porphyrias.
5. Mention the normal sodium level and clinical manifestation of hyponatremia.
6. Applications of radio activity.
7. Metabolic acidosis.
8. Creatinine clearance test.

9. List two reactions where the folic acid is the co-enzyme.
10. Principles of colorimetry.
11. How benzoic acid and sulfanilamide are detoxified in human body.
12. Explain why edema develops in hypo albuminemia.
13. List the different classes of immunoglobulins and mention the functional role of
any one.

14. List anti vitamins and mention one example.
15. Co-enzyme functions of biotin.
16. Name two biochemical markers of cancer.
17. Reverse transcriptases.
18. Proto-oncogenes.
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2016
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long essay (10)
1. A football player dislocated his right shoulder while playing. The dislocation was
reduced under general anesthesia. He was discharged from the hospital with a collar
and cuff support. Subsequently, an orthopedic surgeon noticed that his right shoulder
was less prominent than the left. The player was finding it difficult to abduct the arm to
a horizontal level. Based on your knowledge in anatomy, answer the following
questions:
● Mention the anatomical features which render the shoulder joint more prone to
dislocation. ● What is the cause of subsequent flattening of the shoulder and difficulty
in abducting the arm to a horizontal level. ● Name the muscles involved in initiating
abduction and overhead abduction . ● Briefly mention the movements occurring at the
shoulder joint and the muscles producing these movements. ● State the reason, why
the head of the humerus is often displaced downwards. (2+1+2+4+1=10)

2. Median nerve – branches, distribution in forearm & hand and applied anatomy
3. Blood supply of heart
4. Femoral triangle- boundaries and contents

5. Somites
6. Supination and pronation of forearm
7. Connective tissue fibers
8. Development of inter ventricular septum
9. Palmer space

10. Enumerate the different types of epiphyses giving suitable examples
12. Microscopic structure of medium sized artery

13. Transverse section through middle of leg
14. Typical inter costal space
********************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2016
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A 58 years – old man presented with a rapidly growing swelling of the parotid gland. On
examination, there was an inability to close the left eye and to blow the cheek. The
angle of mouth was deviated to the right side. Based on your anatomical knowledge,
answer the following questions.
• Briefly mention the external features and secretomotor innervations of the parotid
gland.
• Name the structures lying within the gland and which of these is injured in this
case.
• What is the reason for the inability to close the eye and to blow the cheek.
• Briefly mention the course of the parotid duct and structures pierced by it.
(5+2+1½+1½=10)

2. Extra ocular muscles of the eyeball
3. Rectus sheath – formation , contents and applied anatomy
4. Derivates of the components first pharyngeal arch

5. Thoracic duct – origin, termination and areas of drainage
6. Mention the type and movements at the atlanto-occipital joints
7. Recto uterine pouch with applied aspects
8. Interior of anal canal
9. Lymphatic drainage of stomach and its applied importance

10. Deep cerebellar nuclei
11. Neural crest derivatives
12. Spermatic cord

13. Visceral surface of liver
14. Transverse section of medulla at the level of pyramidal decussation
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2016
PHYSIOLOGY- PAPER I

Long essay (10)
1. A motor cyclist met with a road traffic accident and was admitted in the causality.
Clinical examination revealed, cold and clammy extremities, rapid thready pulse, and
a blood pressure of 70/50mm of Hg. Answer the following :
• What is the probable clinical condition.

• Define shock and name the different stages of shock.
• Describe the compensatory mechanisms in shock
• What is neurogenic shock. (1+2½ +5+1½ = 10)
2. Describe the composition and regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

3. Describe the effect of hypoxia and vitamin B12 deficiency on erythropoiesis
4. Mechanism of gastric hydrochloric acid secretion

5. Surfactant
6. Fibrinolytic system
7. Ventilation perfusion ratio and its importance
8. Water re-absorption by renal tubules.
9. Cystometrogram
10. Jugular venous pressure tracing
11.Administration of sodium and glucose together in oral rehydration.

12. Cardiac muscle cannot be tetanized.
13. Change in bladder function in spinal shock.
14. Role of oxygen in treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning.
15. Law of intestine.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2016

Long essay (10)
1. A young woman has puffy skin and hoarseness of voice. Her plasma TSH concentration
is low. Answer the following questions based on your knowledge in physiology :
• Explain the physiological basis of her symptoms
• Describe the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones
• Explain the regulation of its synthesis
• What are its effects on nervous system (2+2+2+4=10)
2. Describe connections and functions of thalamus

3. Ovarian changes during a normal menstrual cycle
4. Functions of middle ear

5. Absolute refractory period
6. Cyclic GMP as second messenger
7. Functions of parietal lobe of brain
9. Pathway of crude touch

10. Visual pathway
11. Chorea
12. Referred pain
13. Aldosterone escape phenomenon
14. Puberty
15. Bitemporal hemianopia
***************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2016
Essay (10)
1. Mention the normal blood urea level. Add a note on formation & detoxification of
ammonia and the related disorders. (1+5+4= 10 )
2. Glucose transporters
3. Functions of phospholipids
4. Brown adipose tissue

5. Bile salts
6. Lipotropic factors
7. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
8. Isoenzymes

9. Mention the rate limiting step and the inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis
10. Enzyme defect and abnormal metabolites in phenyl ketonuria
11. Carnitine deficiency
12. Rapaport Leubering pathway
13. Specialized products of tryptophan
14. Mention the features of classic galactosemia

15. Site of oxidation of very long chain fatty acids
16. Name the enzyme defect in Gaucher’s disease
17. Mention the enzyme is elevated in alcoholic cirrhosis
18. Name two uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

February 2016

Essay (10)
1. Describe the salvage pathways for purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Explain the
biochemical basis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and Von Gierke’s disease. (5+5=10)

2. Define clearance and how it is estimated. Add a note on its diagnostic importance.
3. Genetic code.

4. Draw a neat labeled diagram of DNA structure
5. Role of kidney in blood pH regulation
6. Mitochondrial DNA
7. Enumerate three post translational modifications of proteins with one example
each
8. Principle of ELISA and two clinical applications in clinical diagnosis

9. One example each of detoxification by oxidation and conjugation
10. Enumerate two glomerular function tests
11. Enumerate primary and secondary bile acids
12. Four functions of plasma proteins
13. Two clinical conditions of hyper gammaglobinaemia

14. First pharmaceutical product of recombinant DNA technology for human use
15. Vitamin deficiency in beriberi
16. Anti hemorrhagic vitamin
17. Two radio isotopes used in the diagnosis and treatment
18. Active form of vitamin D
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long essay (10)

1. A 25 years old cricket player sustained injury in his left arm. On x-ray examination, a
fracture of shaft of humerus was observed. Following internal reduction of fracture, he
was not able to extend his left wrist. Based on your knowledge in anatomy answer the
following questions.
● Injury to which nerve in the arm can produce inability to extend the wrist and why.
● Briefly describe the origin, course and distribution of the nerve involved. ● Name the
other nerves that are closely related to the humerus, giving its appropriate sites and
effect of injury. (2+6+2=10)

2. Pleura- parts, innervations and applied anatomy
3. Ulnar nerve- origin, course and distribution in forearm and hand.
4. Superficial palmar arch.
5. Oogenesis.
6. Gluteus maximus.
7. Brachial artery.
8. Right atrium development.
9. Superior vena cava.
10. Median cubital vein.
11. Down syndrome.
12. Microscopic structure of thymus.
13. Transverse section through knee joint.
14. Femoral triangle.
*******************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A patient had a swelling below the lower jaw on the right side. The swelling increased
in size during eating. The surgeon did a bi digital examination of the swelling. Based on
your knowledge in anatomy, answer the following questions:
• Which salivary gland is palpated in this case and what is the cause of the swelling in
this patient.
•Name the parts of this gland and the muscle that separates these parts.
• Mention the relations of this gland.
• What is the length of its duct and where does it open.
•Draw a diagram to show the secretomotor innervation of this gland.
• Narrate the microscopic structure of the gland involved (2+1+2+1+2+2=10)
2. Right kidney- external features including its vertebral extent, coverings, relations and
development
3. Basal nuclei
4. Development and congenital anomalies of face
Short notes: (5x3=15)

5. Hyoglossus muscle
6. Lateral wall of nasal cavity
7. Boundaries of rectus sheath
8. Microscopic structure of thyroid gland
9. Superior mesenteric artery
10. Structures related to the antero-medial surface of the parotid gland

11. Trigone of urinary bladder
12. Medial lemniscus
Draw diagram: (2x2=4)
13. Median section through female pelvis

14. Blood supply of cerebrum – inferior surface
************************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………
PHYSIOLOGY- PAPER I

Long essay (10)
1. A 30 years old women visits a clinic with the complaints of difficulty in breathing and
fatigue.She has menorrhagia for the past 3 months.Her Hb level is 6gm%,PCV20%
and MCV is 62 cubic micron. Answer the following:
• Name the clinical condtion.
• Describe the blood picture in this condition.
• Classify anemia based on etiology.
• Describe iron deficiency anemia. (1+2+3+4=10)
2. Long term regulation of blood pressure

3. Chemical regulation of respiration
4. Functions of saliva
5. T lymphocyte
6. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
7. Ventilation perfusion ratio.
8. P-R interval

9. Conducting system of heart
10. Oxygen dissociation curve
11. Physiological shunt

12. Postprandial alkaline tide
13. Rh incompatibility
14. Urine output is decreased in summer season
15. Gastrectomy produces pernicious anemia
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A 50 years old lady was suffering from excess of sleep and tiredness, loss of
appetite, hoarseness, of voice for the last six months. On examination, she had non-
pitting edema, dry scaly skin and prolonged reflex time. Answer the following questions
based on your knowledge in physiology :
• What is your clinical diagnosis.
• What will be the TSH, T3 and T4 levels.
• What is the cause of low BMR.
• How can you treat the subject.
• What will be her resting pulse rate
• Explain the action of thyroxine on the three metabolisms and on CNS.
(1 + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 5=10)
2. Describe the formation, composition and functions of aqueous humour.

3. Draw the functional divisions of cerebellum. Explain the functions of these
divisions with referring to their connections.
4. Functions of middle ear.

5. Neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle
6. Role of hypothalamus in temperature regulation.
7. Physiological basis of pregnancy tests.
8. Testosterone.
9. Corticospinal tracts from it’s orgin to termination

10. Sarcomere
11. Nystagmus is observed in vestibular diseases

12. A 50 years old lady finds difficulty in reading and doing close work.
13.Contraception by oral contraceptive pills
14. Cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger
15. Abnormal plantar reflex in neurological diseases.
***************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
Essay (10)
1. Trace the pathway of gluconeogenesis starting from alanine. Mention the key
enzymes and how they are regulated. (5+3+2=10)
2. Define carnitine and explain its role in oxidation of fatty acids.

3. Explain different types of enzyme inhibition giving suitable examples
4. Essential fatty acids.

5. Name different lipases involved in lipid metabolism and mention its functions .
6. Transamination
7. Heat coagulation
8. Michaelis Menten constant
9. Pro-enzymes
10. Invert sugar
11. Von Gierke’s disease
12. Essential pentosuria
13. Substrate level phosphorylation
14. Name the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis

15. What is GABA and mention its function
16. Mention the enzyme deficient in Tay Sach’s disease
17. Mention any two compounds derived from cholesterol
18. Name two carbon dioxide releasing steps in the TCA cycle.
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations -August 2016

Essay (10)
1. Define transcription and explain in detail the transcription in prokaryotes. Add
a note on post transcriptional modifications (1+5+4=10)

2. Metabolic acidosis
3. Structure of immunoglobulin

5. Obstructive jaundice
6. Role of calcitonin in regulation of calcium homeostasis
7. Define tumor markers and mention four examples
8. Lesch Nyhan syndrome

9. Functions of vitamin K
10. Functions of magnesium
11. Four applications of recombinant DNA technology
12. Biochemical functions of thiamine
13. Mention two examples for detoxification by reduction

14. Important buffer in intracellular fluid
15. Co-enzyme form of pyridoxine
16. Major storage form of iron
17. Enzyme deficient in Wilson's disease.
18. The end product of purine metabolism in human
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations
February 2017
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long Essay (10)
1. A 50 years old man was brought to medical casualty with complaints of sudden onset
of pain in the chest with sweating and increased pulse rate. The chest pain was
radiating to inner border of left upper limb. ECG showed evidences of ischemic heart
disease. Answer the following questions:
• Mention the origin, course and distribution of the arteries possibly affected in the
patient
• Name the veins accompanying the various branches
• Why the pain is radiating to the inner border of left upper limb
• Add a note on the surgical interventions possible (5+3+1+1 = 10)

2. Axillary artery and distribution

3. Femoral sheath and applied aspects
4. Palmar fascial spaces

5. Medial longitudinal arch of foot
6. Somites
7. Pleural recesses
8. Spermeogenesis
9. Histology of lymph node

10. Barr bodies
11. Saphenous nerve
12.Cells of bone tissue
13. Transverse section through thorax at T4 vertebra

14. Superficial and deep palmar arches of hand
***********************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2017
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long essay (10)
1. A 62 years old man with progressive weight loss complains of pain and bleeding near
the anal orifice. His condition is diagnosed as carcinoma of the anal canal. At this
stage of the disease, the neoplasm is located entirely below the pectinate line. Based
on your anatomical knowledge, answer the following questions:
• To which group of lymph nodes, cancer from this part of anal canal is likely to spread.
• Name the nerve carrying pain sensation from this part of the anal canal.
• Describe briefly describe the interior of the anal canal with the help of a diagram
• How the development, arterial supply, venous and lymphatic drainage and the nature
of the epithelial lining of the anal canal differ from each other above and below
pectinate line.
• What is the clinical significance of knowing the venous drainage of the anal canal.
(1+1+2+5+1=10)

2. Cavernous sinus – structures related, tributaries and applied anatomy
3. Second part of duodenum
4. Association fibers of brain

5. Middle meatus of nasal cavity
6. Soft palate
7. Microscopic structure of thyroid and parathyroid glands
8. Name the extra ocular muscles with its nerve supply
9. Blood supply of supra renal gland

10. List the derivatives of meso-nephric duct in males
11. Ansa cervicalis
12. Styloid process of skull

14. Draw a neat labeled diagram of transverse section of abdomen at L1 level
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2017

Long essay (10)
1. A middle aged man complains of epigastric pain. The pain occurs when he is in empty
stomach and it subsides after taking food or antacids. He is having occasional
vomiting. Answer the following :
• What is your provisional diagnosis. List the causes and its treatment.
• Describe the regulation of gastric secretion in detail. (5+5=10)
2. Special features of coronary circulation.

3. Carbon dioxide transport in blood and haldane effect
4. Role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation

5. Cell mediated immunity
6. Maturation factors in erythropoiesis
7. Clot retraction
8. Mechanisms of glucose re-absorption in the kidney
9. Pressure changes during a normal respiratory cycle.

10. Normal electrocardiogram including the duration of segments and intervals.
11. Sigmoid shape of oxygen hemoglobin disassociation curve

12. Albumin is absent in the urine of normal individuals
13. In an Rh negative mother carrying an Rh positive foetus, the first child is usually
normal.
14. Increase heart rate during exercise
15. Pulmonary edema during rapid ascent.
********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2017

Long essay (10)
1. An elderly man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of intense central chest
pain with radiation to left arm. Answer the following questions based on your
knowledge in physiology:
• What is the cause of the pain in the left arm and explain its mechanism.
• Describe the pain pathway in detail.
• Mention gate control theory of pain sensation (3+5+2=10)
2. Effects of hypo secretion of growth hormone

3. Events during neuromuscular transmission of impulse in skeletal muscle
4. Reciprocal innervation.
5. Paradoxical sleep.
6. Milk ejection reflex.
7. Dark adaptation
8. Cerebellum in voluntary activity
9. Taste pathway
10. Feedback regulation of thyroid hormone secretion
11. Renshaw cell inhibition

12. Safe period
13. Sterility in undescended testis
14. Neuromuscular hyper excitability in tetany
15. Masking in audition
***********************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
February 2017
Essay (10)
1. Explain the oxidation of palmitate in mitochondria. Describe how the process is
regulated. Mention the number of high energy phosphate bonds generated in
palmitate oxidation (5+3+2=10)

2. Explain the digestion and absorption of proteins
3. What are enzymes. Explain briefly the factors affecting the velocity of enzyme
catalyzed reactions.

4. Mucopolysaccharides
5. Lipoproteins
6. Phenylketonuria
8. Trans methylation reactions
9. Uncouplers
10. Glutathione
11. Albinism
12. Galactosemia
13. Cori’s cycle
14. Name the substrates for gluconeogenesis

15. Normal blood level of urea and glucose
16. Name the important compounds formed from glycine
17. Therapeutic uses of enzymes
18. Benedict’s test
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

February 2017

Essay (10)
1. Mention the salient features of genetic code. Discuss in detail about the various types
of mutation. (3+7=10)

2. Un-conjugated hyperbilirubinemias
3. Plasma buffers

4. Thalassemias
5. Lesch Nyhan syndrome
6. Phase II reactions of detoxification
7. Wilson’s disease
8. Vitamin K cycle

9. Restriction endonuclease
11. Function and deficiency manifestations of vitamin E
12. Post translational modifications
13. Western blot technique

14. DNA helicase
15. Disorder of defect in excision nucleotide repair
16. Mention the copper containing enzymes
17. Hormones involved in regulation of blood calcium level
18. Bence Jones protein
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations July 2017
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long Essay (10)
1. Assisted delivery was required during the birth of a baby at term. The maneuver
involved an unusually wide stretching at the neck shoulder angle. The neonate on
examination by a neurologist showed upper brachial plexus injury. Answer the following
based on your anatomical knowledge:
describe the formation and branches of the brachial plexus
explain the anatomical basis of the above lesion. (7+3)
2. Broncho pulmonary segments
3. Boundaries and contents of adductor canal
4. Down syndrome
5. Sarcomere
6. Rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder joint
7. Neural crest
8. Pericardial sinuses
9. Tibial collateral ligament
10. Head of femur
11.Tributaries of the azygos vein
12. Fibrous joints
13. Typical spinal nerve
14. Longitudinal arches of the foot.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A college student was brought to the casualty with history of road traffic accident.
Among other clinical findings there was evidence of injury of the facial nerve on the
right side. From your knowledge of anatomy answer the following:
• Describe the extra cranial course, relations, branches and distribution of the
facial nerve.
• What clinical features are expected to be seen if the nerve is injured as it
emerges from the stylomastoid foramen. (2+2+2+2+2)

2. Ischio-rectal fossa
3. Histology of pancreas
4. Orbicularis oculi muscle

6. Fornix of brain
7. Descent of testis
8. Porto-caval anastomosis
9. Anterior relations of both kidneys

10. Sensory nerve supply of dorsum of tongue
11. Tributaries of the inferior vana cava in the abdomen
12. Trans pyloric plane

13. Transverse section of the medulla at the level of pyramidal decussation
14. Visceral surface of liver.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A 60 years old man complaints of chest pain on exertion, radiating to his left arm and
severe shortness of breath. Answer the following :
• What is the most probable condition he is suffering from.
• Mention the most common investigation done in such a patient and describe
with the help of a normal diagram the changes that are expected in this
patientare the functional features of coronary circulation.
• What (1+5+4=10)
2. Describe the neural control of respiration and add a note on Cheyne stokes breathing
3. Explain the mechanisms of water re-absorption in renal tubule
4. Peristaltic movements
5. Primary active transport
6. Starling’s forces in capillary fluid exchange
7. Control of gastric secretion
8. Role of lymphocytes in immunity
9. Spirometric recording of lung volumes

10. Cystometrogram in a normal human
11. Entero-hepatic circulation

12. Resting bradycardia in athletes
13. Lung alveoli are dry normally
14. Decompression sickness
15. Megaloblasts in vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
*****************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………

Long essay (10)
1. A 50 years old person complaints of increased appetite, increased thirst and increased
frequency of urination. The blood glucose was found to be 180 mg/dl. Answer the
following questions based on your knowledge in physiology :
● What is your probable diagnosis.
● Which hormone is affected.
● What are the physiological effects of this hormone in the body
● Enumerate the other hormones involved in the regulation of blood glucose(1+1+7+1=10)
2. Describe the regulation of body temperature during hot climate.

3. Describe the regulation of secretion of cortisol and its physiological role
4. Action of ADH
5. Types of EEG wave forms
6. Near response in normal eye
7. Pituitary dwarfism
8. Role of hypothalamus in feeding behavior
9. Muscle spindle
10. Neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle
11. Re-polarization phase of action potential

12. Cogwheel rigidity
13. Starling’s law of muscle contraction
14. Immunological test of pregnancy.
15. Milk ejection reflex.
*****************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
Essay (10)
1. Define enzymes. Classify enzymes according to IUB system with one example each.
Discuss about three enzymes commonly estimated after myocardial infarction.
(1+3+6=10)

2. Diagrammatic representation of mitochondrial electron transport chain and location of
ATP synthesis (3+2=5)
3. Define transamination and explain by giving two examples. (1+4=5)

4. What are lipotropic factors. Enumerate three lipotropic factors.
5. Phenylketonuria
6. Enumerate irreversible steps of glycolysis with the enzymes involved.
7. Functional classification of proteins.
8. Carnitine shuttle
9. Enumerate essential amino acids

10. What is HbA1C and mention its clinical importance.
11. Two co-enzyme roles of NADPH
12. Four functions of phospholipids
13.Define gluconeogenic. Name the fluconeogenic substrates
14. Bond not broken in denaturation of protein

15. Enzyme deficiency in Cori’s disease
16. Plasma lipoprotein which is inversely correlated with coronary heart disease
17. One sulphur containing amino acid
18. Enzyme defect in alkaptonuria
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

Essay (10)
1. Discuss the process of translation and add a note on post translational modifications.
(7+3)

2. Porphyrias presenting with photosensitivity
3. Metabolic acidosis

4. Sickle cell anemia
5. Gout
6. Phase I reactions of detoxification
7. Menke’s disease
8. Folate trap

9. Apoptosis
10. Factors influencing absorption of iron
11. Active forms of vitamin A and the deficiency manifestations
12. Post transcriptional modifications
13. Southern blot technique

14. Molecular scissors.
15. Disorder of defect in mismatch repair
16. Mention the zinc containing enzymes
17. Wobble hypothesis.
18. Mention the acute phase reactants
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
January 2018
ANATOMY- PAPER I
 Answer all questions
 Draw diagrams wherever necessary
Long Essay (10)
1. A 35 years male patient was brought to the casualty with a swollen right knee and a
history of a fall during mountain climbing. There was severe pain and restricted mobility
at the joint. Answer the following based on your anatomical knowledge:
 describe the attachments and relations of the ligaments of this joint
 what are the movements at this joint and which muscles are involved.(5+5)
2. Medial surface of left lung
3. Boundaries and contents of a typical intercostal space
4. Mendelian inheritance
5. Hyaline cartilage
6. Coracoid process of scapula
7. Erbs point
9. GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN
10. Osteon
11. Tributaries of the coronary sinus
12. Chorionic villi
13. Sterno-costal surface of heart
14. Section through middle of arm.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
January 2018
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A patient brought to causality following road traffic accident had bulging of right eyeball
with every radial pulse beat. X-ray revealed fracture of right half of body of sphenoid.
Answer the following:
 location and extent of cavernous sinus
 relations of cavernous sinus
 reason for pulsating bulge of right eyeballin the above patient
 tributaries of cavernous sinus
 Classify the cranial dural venous sinuses (2+3+1+3+1)

2. Cerebellar peduncles
3. Ischio-rectal fossa.
4. Blood supply and microscopic structure of thyroid gland

6. Second part of duodenum.
7. Perineal body
8. Pharyngeal constrictors

10. Development of pituitary gland
11. Contents of rectus sheath
12. Para mesonephric duct

13. Transverse section of medulla at the level of pyramidal decussation
14. Visceral surface of liver
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………
January 2018

 Draw Diagrams wherever necessary
Long essay (10)
1. A 12 years old boy had a swelling in the knee joint after a small injury. His clotting
time was 12 min. Answer the following:
 What may be the probable diagnosis and what is its cause
 Explain the clotting mechanism in detail
 Mention and interpret the tests for assessing bleeding and clotting time (2+5+3)
2. Explain the factors regulating cardiac output

3. Explain the mechanism maintaining osmotic gradient in renal medullary interstitium.
4. Surfactant
5. T lymphocyte
6. Small intestinal hormones
7. Dead space
8. Pancreatic juice composition
9. Conducting system of heart

10. JG apparatus
11. Respiratory rhythm

12. Pernicious anemia
13. Renin secretion
14. Fourth heart sound
15. Cephalic phase of gastric juice secretion.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………
January 2018

Long essay (10)
1. A 65 years old woman was admitted to the hospital with the complaints of intention
tremor in the left arm and missing the target when he attempted to do a work. On
examination eye reveals nystagmus. Answer the following questions based on your
 What is the diagnosis.

 Mention the characteristic of knee jerk in this patient.
 What is dysdiadachokinesia.
 Describe the gait in this patient giving the physiological basis
 What happens when floculo-nodular lobe is damaged. (2+2+2+2+2)
2. Mechanism of synaptic transmission

3. Role of mineralocorticoids in salt and water balance

5. Hyper secretion of growth hormone
6. Supra spinal modulation of pain
7. Functions of middle ear
8. Castration before puberty
9. Antero lateral system

10. Visual pathway
11. Referred pain

12. Thalamic phantom limb
13. Administration of L dopa in Parkinson’s disease
14. Permissive action of glucocorticoids
15. Corpus luteum of menstruation and pregnancy
***********************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………

January 2018
Essay (10)
1. Name the site where beta oxidation of fatty acid occurs. Describe the steps involved in
beta oxidation of fatty acids. Explain how much energy is released in beta oxidation of
one molecule of palmitic acid. (1+6+3)
2. What are isoenzymes. Discuss the diagnostic importance of isoenzymes.

3. Discuss the regulation of glycogen metabolism
5. Mention the enzyme defective in galactosemia. Add a note on the clinical features of
galactosemia.
6. Formation and functions of nitric oxide.
7. ATP synthesis.
8. Monitoring of diabetes mellitus.

9. GABA.
10. Dietary fiber.
11. Primary hyper oxaluria
12. Mention the significance of hexose monophosphate shunt pathway.
13. Reverse cholesterol transport.
14. Name two lipid storage disorders.

15. Name the vitamin and amino acid formed from tryptophan
16. Why sucrose is a non-reducing sugar.
17. Why orotic aciduria occur in type II hyper ammonemia
18.Name two acidic amino acids.
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………
January 2018
Time: 3 hrs Max marks : 50

Essay (10)
1. Describe the sources, RDA, functions and deficiency disorders associated with
vitamin D. (1+1+4+4)

2. Porphyrias.
3. Describe post transcriptional modifications and its significance with examples.

4. Okazaki fragments.
5. Name three factors regulating plasma calcium levels
6. Chloride shift
7. Absorption of iron
8. Bence-Jones proteins

9. Ceruloplasmin
10. Fluorosis
11. Vanden Berg reaction
12. Base-pairing rule
13. Oncogenes

14. Name the deficient enzyme in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
15. Mention the function of spliceosomes
16. Name two DNA repair mechanisms
17. Tumor markers
18. Albumin-globulin ratio
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations August 2018
ANATOMY- PAPER I
Long Essay (10)
1. A 50 years old man came to the casualty with complaints of pain in the hip joint.
Answer the following questions:
 bones forming hip joint
 ligaments
 movements and muscles causing them
 nerve supply
 blood supply
 applied aspects (1+3+3+1+1+1)
2. Flexor retinaculum of upper limb
3. Cubital fossa
5. Deep palmar arch
6. Sciatic nerve
7. Spermatogenesis
8. Histology of compact bone
9. Numerical chromosomal abnormalities
10. Somites
11. Median cubital vein
12. Interventricular septum
13. Transverse section at level of fourth thoracic vertebra
14. Transverse section through middle of leg.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. no.: …………………
ANATOMY- PAPER II
Long Essay (10)
1. A middle aged man visited the surgical OPD with history of bleeding per anum since
three months. On clinical examination he was found to have internal hemorrhoids.
From your knowledge of anatomy describe the anal canal under the following
headings:
 Mucosal anatomy  sphincteric muscles  blood supply  clinical aspects.
(3+3+2+2)

2. Middle ear
3. Development of the face
4. Histology of the ovary

5. Sphincter muscles of the pharynx
6. Lateral sulcus of cerebrum
7. Male urethra
8. Rectus sheath
9. Hepatic and portal lobule

10. Ansa cervicalis
11. Anterior fontanelle
12. Positions of appendix

14. Posterior surface of both kidneys showing relations.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. no.: …………………
Physiology - Paper I
Long essay (10)
1. A 16 years old NCC cadet, lined up for a parade fell down unconscious. He had been
standing in the hot sun for an hour. On examination, his blood pressure was 60/50
mm Hg, pulse was regular and was breathing normally. Soon, he regained
consciousness from your knowledge of physiology. Answer the following:
 What is the most likely diagnosis
 What are the factors determining blood pressure
 What are the physiological principles applicable for the immediate management
here
 Explain the short term regulation of blood pressure (1+3+2+4)
2. Describe the characteristics of the pulmonary circulation

3. Describe the role of the kidneys in regulation of plasma pH
4. Second stage of deglutition

5. Pulmonary surfactant
6. Glomerular filtration rate
7. Erythroblastosis fetalis
8. Starlings forces
9. Pressure volume changes in the lungs and pleural space during normal respiration
10. Mechanism of gastric acid secretion
11. Hyperventilation is seen when low landers travel to high altitude

12. Gastrectomy causes megaloblastic anemia
13. Heparin prevents coagulation of blood in vivo
14. HIV infection reduces immunity
15. Proteinuria occurs in renal diseases
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. no.: …………………
Long essay (10)
1. A 50 years old diabetic was brought to the hospital complaining of severe

breathlessness. His breath had a fruity odor and the respiratory rate was 30 per
minute. His blood sugar was 375mg% and plasma pH was 7.2. Answer the following
questions based on your knowledge in physiology:
 What is the most likely clinical diagnosis of his condition
 What is the most important medication that should be administered immediately
 Name two abnormal substances that might be present in his urine
 Explain the physiological actions of the hormone involved and its regulation
(2+1+2+5)
2. Dark adaptation in the human eye

3. Mention the stages of spermatogenesis and the factors that affect it
4. Attenuation reflex in the middle ear

5. Brown-Sequard syndrome
6. Latch-bridge mechanism
7. Cretinism
9. Sarcomere in skeletal muscle

10. Muscle spindle
11. The pain of an injury is felt more after the game by a player
12. Corticosteroids are administered to a lady in preterm labour
13. Patients of Parkinsonism are administered L-dopa
14. Patients of acromegaly may have visual field defects
15. Upper motor neuron lesions produce hypertonia
*****************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. no.: …………………
Biochemistry – Paper I
Essay (10)
1. Discuss the reactions of citric acid cycle. Explain its amphibolic role

2. Regulation of blood glucose level
3. Explain the steps of beta oxidation of fatty acids

5. Importance of glutathione peroxidase
6. Bile salts and its functions
7. Principle of electrophoresis
8. Name the metabolic disorders associated with aromatic amino acids
9. Km value and its significance

10. Compare and contrast starch with glycogen
11. Proteolytic enzymes
12. Functions of prostaglandins
13. What is substrate level phosphorylation. Mention two examples
14. Name the high energy compounds

15. Biological defect in Hartnup’s disease
16. What are glycosides. Mention one example.
17. Diagnostic significance of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
18. Action of hormone sensitive lipase
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………
Biochemistry - Paper II
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 50

Essay (10)
1. Describe the chemistry, biochemical functions, daily requirements, sources and
deficiency manifestations of vitamin D. (2+4+1+1+2)

2. Explain briefly on absorption, transport, and functions of copper.
3. Explain the DNA repair mechanisms.

4. Point mutations.
5. Orotic aciduria.
6. Albumin.
7. Structure of immunoglobulins.
8. Cell cycle.

9. Co-enzyme role of biotin.
10. What is respiratory acidosis and mention one example.
11. Chloride shift
12. Distribution of total body water.
13. Albumin-globulin ratio.

14. Normal values of serum creatinine, serum alkaline phosphatase.
15. Mention two applications of polymerase chain reaction.
16. What is Bence-Jones protein.
17. Mention two differences between DNA and RNA.
18. What are nucleotide analogues and mention one example.
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
January 2019
Anatomy - Paper I
Long essay (10)

1. A 45 years old man was brought to the hospital with a fracture of the shaft of the
humerus. On examination, he had impairment of extension of the wrist. There was also
loss of cutaneous sensation on the dorsum of the fore arm and lateral aspect of
dorsum of hand and lateral digits. With your knowledge of anatomy, answer the
following questions:
 Name the structure involved at the site of fracture
 Mention its origin, course and distribution
 Mention its branches at different levels.
 Mention the reason for loss of cutaneous sensation in the areas mentioned
 Name the accompanying blood vessel at the site of fracture. (1+4+ 2½+1½+1)

2. Ligaments of knee joint
3. Brachial plexus
4. Pericardium
5. Yolk sac
6. Anterior interosseous nerve
7. Broncho-pulmonary segments
8. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

10. Zona pellucida
12. Microscopic structure of the large artery

13. Mediastinal surface of the right lung
14.Transverse section through middle of thigh
***************************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. No.: …………………
January 2019
Anatomy - Paper II
Long Essay (10)
1. A 65-years old woman came to the hospital with a swelling in front of the neck. On
examination, it was found that the swelling was moving up and down during
swallowing. After surgical excision of the swelling, she experienced hoarseness of her
voice. With your knowledge of anatomy, answer the following questions:
 Name the structure involved.
 Briefly describe its coverings, external features, relations and blood supply.
 State the reasons for up and down movements of the swelling.
 What was the probable cause of hoarseness of voice following surgery.
 Add a note on the development of the structure involved. (1+4½+1½+1+2)

2. Lesser sac
3. Duodenum
4. Cavernous sinus

5. Cleft palate
6. Third ventricle
7. Facial artery
9. Derivatives of pharyngeal pouches

10. Temporalis
11. Urogenital diaphragm
12. Styloid process of skull

14. Transverse section through the trans pyloric plane
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. No.: …………………
January 2019
Long essay (10)
1. A 16 years old boy had continuous oozing of blood following tooth extraction for
caries. Answer the following:
 What is the probable cause of the bleeding.
 Describe the extrinsic pathway of clotting using a schematic diagram.
 Mechanism of action of heparin as an anticoagulant.
 Role of vitamin K in clotting.
 Explain why blood does not normally clot inside the body
(1+3+2+2+2)
2. Describe briefly the mechanical events of cardiac cycle.

3. Factors influencing glomerular filtration.
4. Second stage of deglutition

5. Differentiate between Haldane and Bohr effect.
6. Factors affecting diffusion across respiratory membrane
8. Glomerulo-tubular feedback
9. ECG in lead II
10. Pressure changes during normal respiratory cycle
11. Change in heart rate during exercise

12. Mucosal barrier and peptic ulcer
13. Hypoxia in cyanide poisoning
14. Reactive hyperemia
15. Tubular maximum and renal threshold for glucose.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. No.: …………………

January 2019
Long essay (10)
1. A married female aged 25 years has history of amenorrhoea for three months. She
also has early morning sickness. Answer the following questions based on your
 What is your diagnosis
 Describe one test to confirm your diagnosis
 Describe neuroendocrine reflex in parturition and lactation
 Add a note on foeto-placental unit (1+2+5+2)
2. Describe the connections and functions of cerebellum

3. Explain impedance matching occurring in the ear and describe the tympanic reflex
4. Referred pain
5. Law of projection
6. Functions of progesterone
7. Steps in thyroid hormone synthesis
8. Normal EEG waves
9. Visual pathway.
10. Hormonal changes during a normal menstrual cycle.
11. Hypothalamic disorders results in obesity

12. Sodium-potassium pump helps to maintain RMP in a neuron
13. Liver plays a major role to produce hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus
14. Pyramidal tract lesions produces exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
15. Deficiency of somatomedins in human beings may result in dwarfism
***************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. No.: …………………
January 2019
Essay (10)
1. Define gluconeogenesis. Describe how glucose is synthesized from alanine and add
a note on its regulation. (2+6+2)

2. Classify carbohydrates with suitable examples. What are epimers.
3. What are the functional and therapeutic role of prostaglandins.

4. Formation and characters of peptide bond
5. Essential amino acids.
6. Competitive inhibition.
7. Digestion of proteins
8. Significance of 2,3 BPG
9. What are the criteria to diagnose diabetes mellitus.

10. What are exopeptidases and mention examples.
11. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.
12. Which is good cholesterol and why it is called so.
13.Anaplerotic role of TCA cycle
14. Enzyme defect in galactosemia.

15. What is the clinical significance of transketolase.
16. Which is the decarboxylation product of histidine.
17. What are the amino acids that take part in the synthesis of carnitine.
18. What is the function of lysosomes.
***************
Q.P.Code: 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

January 2019

Essay (10)
1. Describe the chemistry, biochemical functions, requirements and deficiency symptoms
of vitamin A (2+3+2+3)

2. Structure of DNA
3. Catabolism of purines

4. Creatinine clearance
5. Acute intermittent porphyria.
6. Respiratory acidosis and its causes
7. Synthetic nucleotide analogs and its uses
8. Functions of immunoglobulins

9. Normal values of serum electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, and Chloride)
10.Tumor markers
11. Functions of thiamine pyrophosphate
12. Effects of mutation
13. Transport of iron

14. What are anti oxidants.
15. Name the inhibitors of replication
16. Normal serum bilirubin level
17. Folate deficiency
18. Clinical significance of serum amylase
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
Anatomy - Paper I
Long Essay (10)
1. A 40 years old shopkeeper whose job requires standing up to 15 hours per day
developed abnormally swollen (Varicose) veins in left leg leading to non-healing ulcers
above left medial malleolus. The condition was diagnosed by a surgeon as dilated and
incompetentreat saphenous vein and the associated incompetent perforators". Based
on your basic knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions
 Describe the course and relations of great saphenous vein

 Name the tributaries of great saphenous vein
 What are perforating veins and what is its function.
 Describe the various perforating veins in lower limb.
 Name the tests performed for observing competence of superficial veins
(3+1+2+2+2)
2. Typical inter costal space – boundaries, extent, contents, applied anatomy

3. Lymphatic drainage of mammary gland
4. Ulnar nerve in hand
5. Microscopic structure of skeletal muscle

6. Development of inter atrial septum
7. Yolk sac
8. Coronary sinus
9. Chromosomal aberrations
10. Graafian follicle

11. End arteries
12. Dorsalis pedis artery
13. Femoral triangle

14. Oblique section through hand to show fascial spaces
***********************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. No.: …………………
First Professional MBBS Degree Regular/Supplementary Examinations
August 2019
Anatomy - Paper II
Long Essay (10)
1. A 50 years old woman came to the casualty with complaints of pain in the pelvic region.
A pelvic scan revealed a mass on the uterus. Answer the following:
 parts of uterus
 relations
 supports
 blood supply
 applied aspects (2+3+3+1+1)

2. Parotid gland
3. Auditory tube
4. Internal capsule

5. Contents of carotid triangle
6. Histology of palatine tonsil
7. Development of pancreas
8. Orbicularis oculi muscle
9. Extra cranial branches of facial nerve

10. Middle cerebellar peduncle
11. Name sub diaphragmatic recesses
12. Name structures piercing perineal membrane in female

13. Transverse section at level of fourth lumbar vertebra
14. Blood supply of medial surface of cerebrum.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. No.: …………………

August 2019
Long essay (10)
1. Eighteen hours after arrival at an altitude of 12000 feet, a man has headache,
irritability, insomnia, breathlessness, nausea and vomiting. Answer the following:
 What is he suffering from
 What are the changes taking place in the body systems during acclimatization to
high altitude
 Explain the physiological basis of these changes (1+4+5)
2. Short term regulation of blood pressure

3. Reticulo-endothelial system
4. Defecation reflex
5. Fibrinolytic system
6. Roll of skin in heat loss mechanisms
7. Factors affecting venous return
8. Pacemaker potential
9. Cystometrogram
10.Physiological organization of Respiratory Centers
11. Physiological dead space

12. Neutrophilia in acute bacterial infections
13.Plateau phase of Action potential in Ventricular Myocyte.
15. Severe tachycardia is harmful to the individual
**********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. No.: …………………
August 2019
Long essay (10)
1. A 45 years old automobile mechanic is not able to perform his professional work and is
complaining of tremor during rest and unable to initiate a movement. He always takes
short quick steps while walking. Answer the following questions based on your
 What can be the probable condition
 Explain the pathophysology underlying it
 What are the functions of the structure affected
 Suggest the probable methods of treatment for this condition "1+3+4+2).
2. Grave’s disease
3. Female contraception
4. Presynaptic inhibition
5. Diabetes insipidus
6. Functions of hCG.
7. Impedence matching
8. Refractive errors
9. Taste pathway
10. Pyramidal tract
11. Chvostek's sign

12. Rigor mortis
13. Myotatic reflex
14. Blood testis barrier
15. Menopause
***************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. No.: …………………
August 2019
Essay (10)
1. Discuss in detail the metabolism of phenylalanine. Name four biologically important
compounds synthesized from phenylalanine. State two metabolic disorders
associated and indicate the defective enzymes. (5+2+3)
2. Glycogen storage diseases.

3. Transamination.
4. Carnitine shuttle.
5. Isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase
6. Causes of fatty liver.
7. Digramatically represent the electron transport chain.
8. Galactosemia.
9. Non covalent bonds responsible for protein structure.

10. Name four enzymes of diagnostic significance in liver diseases.
11. Essential amino acids.
12. Four functions of prostaglandins.
13. Types of specificity of enzymes
14.Two examples for dietary fibre

15. Mention One marker for each of the following. a)Peroxisomes b)Golgi bodies
16. Renal threshold value for glucose.
17. Biochemical defect in Refsum’s disease.
18. Two functions of polyamines
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

August 2019

Essay (7+3)
1. Describe heme synthesis and its regulation in detail.

2. Post transcriptional modifications.
3. Homeostasis of blood calcium

4. DNA polymerases
5. Wilson’s disease
6. Lesch Nyhan syndrome.
7. Lac operon.
8. Radioimmunoassay

9. Folate trap.
10. Biochemical role of thiamine pyrophosphate
11. Pellagra.
12. Detoxification by conjugation
13. Inhibitors of translation.

14. Clinical features of fluorosis.
15. Hyponatremia
16. Anion gap.
17. Mention two examples of oncogenes / proto oncogenes and their associated cancer.
18. Clinical significance of bile salts.
***************
Q.P. Code: 101001 Reg. no.: …………………
January 2020
Anatomy - Paper I
 Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between
answers • Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
 Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers
 Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
Long Essay (10)

1. A 45 years old nulliparous woman reported to the OPD with two small palpable nodules
in her left axilla. She was admitted, investigated and taken up for mastectomy (left) in
the same week. With your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions:
 What could be the probable diagnosis
 What could be the nodule in the axilla and why
 Describe the blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the breast
 Mention the development and developmental anomalies of the breast
(1+1+5+3)
2. Intra embryonic mesoderm
3. Sciatic nerve
4. Right atrium and its development
5. Karyotyping
6. Great saphenous vein

7. First carpometacarpal joint
8. Transitional epithelium
9. Superior mediastinum
10. Ligamentum patella
11. Decidua
12. Manubrium sterni
Draw diagrams
(2x2=4)
13.Typical intercostal space.
14. Transverse section through middle of leg
***********************
Q.P. Code: 102001 Reg. No.: …………………
January 2020
Anatomy - Paper II
Long Essay (10)
1. A 20 years old female underwent right sided mastoidectomy following which she
developed weakness of facial muscles on that side. There was also impairment of
taste sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue on the same side. Based on
your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions:
 Name the structure involved during surgery that would have led to the symptoms in
this patient.
 Name all the nuclei in the brain stem which are concerned with this structure
 Describe the intracranial, intra petrous and extra cranial course of the structure.
 Name its branches at different levels (1+2+4+3)

2. Boundaries and contents of inguinal canal
3. Pancreas – parts, relations and blood supply
4. Arterial supply and venous drainage of cerebral cortex

5. Superficial perineal pouch
6. Falx Cerebri.
7. Naso-pharynx
8. Trigone [internal] of the urinary bladder
9. Superior cerebellar peduncle

10. Development of the pituitary gland
11. Formation and fate of the para mesonephric duct
12. Microscopic structure of the suprarenal gland

13. Anterior relations of right and left kidney
14. Transverse section of the pons at the level of the facial colliculus
***********************
Q.P. Code: 103001 Reg. No.: …………………
January 2020
Long essay (10)
1. A 12 years old girl child complains of lethargy and fatigability for the last three
months. Physical examination revealed pallor. Routine blood investigation showed
Hb -8 gm% and peripheral smear revealed microcytic hypochromic RBCs. Answer the
following:
 Identify the clinical condition and what is the cause
 Define anemia.
 Classify anemia based on etiology.
 Enumerate stages of erythropoiesis and discuss the factors regulating them
(1+1+3+5)
2. Discuss factors regulating cardiac output.

3. Explain pressure changes during normal respiratory cycle.
4. Heart sounds
5. Functions of bile.
6. Tubulo-glomerular feedback.
7. Neutrophil.
8. Active transport.
9. Respiratory membrane.
10. Pacemaker potential.
11. Steatorrhoea following pancreatectomy.

12.PR interval is prolonged in first degree heart block
13. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is seen in premature infants.
14.Polycythemia in high altitude
15. Splenectomy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
***********************
Q.P. Code: 104001 Reg. No.: …………………
January 2020
Long essay (10)
1. A 60 years old known hypertensive male is admitted with the complaints of sudden
inability to use his right upper and lower limbs and inability to speak. On examination
he has increased tone in some of the limb muscles loss of superficial reflexes and
deep tendon reflexes are exaggerated. Answer the following questions based on your
 What is this clinical condition.
 Draw the diagram of the tract involved
 Why there is an increase in the tone of the muscle.
 Why speech is lost in this condition (2+4+2+2)
2. Actions of growth hormone

3. Endometrial changes during menstrual cycle
4. Functions of glucagon
5. Oral contraceptive pills
6. Role of middle ear in hearing
8. Neuro endocrine reflex
9. Draw the lateral view of the cerebral hemisphere and mark the speech areas
10. Olfactory mucous membrane
11. Presence of insulin is needed for glucose entry into the skeletal muscle
12. Menstrual blood does not clot
13. Spermatogenesis is markedly reduced in undescended testis
14. Cornea survives in spite of it’s avascularity
15. Sniffing helps in the act of smelling
***********************
Q.P. Code: 105001 Reg. No.: …………………
January 2020
Essay (10)
1. What are biologically important compounds derived from tyrosine. Explain the
catabolism of tyrosine and name three inborn errors associated with tyrosine
metabolism. (2+6+2)
2. Mention the major functions of HMP shunt pathway. Explain its importance in
erythrocytes.
3. Discuss the detoxification of ammonia in the body. Mention two inborn errors
associated with it.
4. What is transamination. Explain the diagnostic significance of any one serum

transaminase.
5. What is glutathione and mention its importance in the body.
6. Name inhibitors of electron transport chain and state at what level they act.
7. Role of carnitine in fatty acid oxidation with the help of a diagram.
8. Von-Gierke’s disease.
9. What is isoelectric pH and mention its significance.

10. What are lipotropic factors and name them.
11. Differentiate between starch and glycogen.
12. Classify amino acids based on its metabolic fate.
13. List two examples for competitive inhibition with its clinical applications
14. What is gamma amino butyric acid and mention one function.
15. Name the enzyme that is absent in galactosemia.
16.Name the reducing substances excreted in urine
17. What are the iso-enzymes of creatine phosphokinase.
18. What are the components of membrane that alter the fluidity.
***************
Q.P.Code 106001 Reg. No.:…………………

January 2020
Essay (10)
1. Describe the chemistry, biochemical functions, requirements and deficiency symptoms
of vitamin C (2+4+1+3)

2. Serum calcium homeostasis
3. Applications of recombinant DNA technology

4. Functions of albumin
5. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
6. Oncogenes
7. Differential diagnosis of Jaundice by Laboratory tests.

9. Uses of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
10. Biochemical basis of thalassemia
11. Role of zinc
12.Gout - Clinical features and Lab Diagnosis
13. Name any two tumor markers and conditions in which they are elevated

14. Base-pairing rule
15. Significance of hippuric acid excretion test
16. Why vitamin B1 deficiency leads to brain dysfunction.
17. Biochemical role of vitamin K in coagulation
18. Normal value of serum total protein
***************

10 Yaers University Paper

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

10 Yaers University Paper

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LAST 10 YEARS

Long Essay (10)

Write briefly on: (3x5=15)

Write notes on: (5x3=15)

Write short answers on: (3x2=6)

Draw neat labeled diagrams of the following: (2x2=4)

Long Essay (10)

Write briefly on: (3x5=15)

Write notes on: (5x3=15)

Short answer: (3x2=6)

Draw neat labeled diagrams: (2x2=4)

First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations - September 2011

Time : 3 hrs Max marks : 50

• Answer all questions

Discuss the following: (2x5=10)

Write short notes on: (5x3=15)

First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations - September 2011

Time : 3 hrs Max marks : 50

• Answer all questions

Discuss the following: (2x5=10)

Write short notes on: (5x3=15)

Answer briefly: (5x2=10)

Give precise answers: (5x1=5)

First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations, September - 2011

Time : 3 hrs Max marks : 50

• Answer all questions

2. Describe the role of chemo-receptors in regulation of respiration

Write Briefly on (5x3=15)

4. Special features of coronary circulation

Draw and label (2x2 ½=5)

9. Right ventricular pressure curve during a normal cardiac cycle

Explain the physiological basis of the following (5x2=10)

11. Anaemia following partial gastrectomy

First Professional MBBS Degree Examinations - September 2011

Time : 3 hrs Max marks : 50

• Answer all questions

Long essay (10)

3. List any four functions of hypothalamus and explain any one

Write briefly on: (5x3=15)

Draw and label:

Explain the physiological basis of the following:

Q.P. Code: 1101 Reg. no.: .....................

Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 50

Long Essay (10)

2. External ligaments of knee joint

Short notes (5x3=15)

Short answer (3x2=6)

Draw diagrams (2x2=4)

Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 50

Long Essay (10)

Write briefly on: (3x5=15)

Write notes on: (5x3=15)

Short answer: (3x2=6)

Draw neat labeled diagrams: (2x2=4)

Discuss the following: (2x5=10)

2. Describe the reactions of ketogenesis and its regulation.

Write short notes on: (5x3=15)

4. Define mucopolysaccharides and give two examples.

Answer briefly: (5x2=10)

9. Define epimers and give two examples

Give precise answers: (5x1=5)

14. Name the defective enzyme in galactosemia