Acis-Data vs. Info.

A. DATA VS.
INFORMATION
DATA INFORMATION
Unorganized facts that need to be processed. Data that is processed, organized, structured or
Can be something simple presented in a given context to make it useful
Comes from latin word, datum means “something It has an old French and Middle English origins.
given”
Raw number that we capture according to some Collection of data points that we can use to
agreed to standards. understand something about a thing being
measured.
B. MODES OD DATA PROCESSING
1. Batch Processing – This is one of the widely used type of data processing which is also known as
serial/sequential, tacked/queued of offline processing. The fundamental of this type of processing is
the that different jobs of different users are processed in the order received. Once the stacking of jobs
is complete they are provided/sent for processing while maintaining the same order. This processing
of a large volume of data helps in reducing the processing cost thus making it data processing
economical.
Examples include: Examination, payroll and billing system.
2. Real time processing – As the name suggests this method is used for carrying out real-time
processing. This is required where the results are displayed immediately or in lowest time possible.
The data fed to the software is used almost instantaneously for processing purpose. The nature of
processing of this type of data processing requires use of internet connection and data is stored/used
online. No lag is expected/acceptable in this type and receiving and processing of transaction is
carried out simultaneously. This method is costly than batch processing as the hardware and software
capabilities are better.
Example includes banking system, tickets booking for flights, trains, movie
tickets, rental agencies etc.
3.Online processing –This processing method is a part of automatic processing method. This
method at times known as direct or random access processing. Under this method the job received by
the system is processed at same time of receiving. This can be considered and often mixed with real-
time processing. This system features random and rapid input of transaction and user defied/
demanded direct access to data bases/content when needed.
4.Multi processing –This type of processing perhaps the most widely used types of data processing.
It is used almost everywhere and forms the basic of all computing devices relying on processors. Multi
processing makes use of CPUs (more than one CPU). The task or sets of operations are divided
between CPUs available simultaneously thus increasing efficiency and throughput. The break down of
jobs which needs be performed are sent to different CPUs working parallel within the mainframe.The
result and benefit of this type of processing is the reduction in time required and increasing the output .
Moreover CPUs work independently as they are not dependent on other CPU, failure of one CPU
does not result in halting the complete process as the other CPUs continue to work.
Examples include processing of data and instructions in computer, laptops, mobile
phones etc.
5.Time sharing –Time based used of CPU is the core of this data processing type. The single CPU is
used by multiple users. All users share same CPU but the time allocated to all users might differ. The
processing takes place at different intervals for different users as per allocated time. Since multiple
users can uses this type it is also referred as multi access system. This is done by providing a terminal
for their link to main CPU and the time available is calculated by dividing the CPU time between all the
available users as scheduled.
C.COMPUTER
A computer is a programmable machine. It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well defined

manner and it can be executed a prerecorded list of instructions
D.ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. Hardware:
The physical components of a computer constitute its Hardware. These include keyboard, mouse,
monitor and processor. Hardware consists of input devices and output devices that make a complete
computer system.
2.Software:
A set of programs that form an interface between the hardware and the user of a computer system are
referred to as Software.
3.People:
The most important element of a computer system is its users. They are also called live-ware of the
computer system.
4.Procedures:
Procedure is a step by step series of instructions to perform a specific function and achieve desired
output.
5.Data:
The facts and figures that are fed into a computer for further processing are called data. Data is raw
until the computer system interprets it using machine language, stores it in memory, classifies it for
processing and produces results in conformance with the instructions given to it. Processed and useful
data is called information which is used for decision making.

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A. DATA VS.

B. MODES OD DATA PROCESSING

A computer is a programmable machine. It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well defined

D.ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

data is called information which is used for decision making.

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