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Exercise:2.1
Page Number:2.8
Question 1.
Solution :
a 2 5 1
(i) 1, b ,
3 3 3 3
By the definition of equality of ordered pairs, we have:
a 2 5 1
1, b ,
3 3 3 3
a 5 2 1
1 and b
3 3 3 3
a 5 1 2
1 and b
3 3 3 3
a 2
and b 1
3 3
a 2 and b 1
(ii) (x + 1, 1) = (3, y − 2)
By the definition of equality of ordered pairs, we have:
x 1 3 and 1 y 2 x 2 and y 3
Question 2.
Solution :
The ordered pairs (x, −1) and (5, y) belong to the set {(a, b) : b = 2a − 3}.
Thus, we have:
x = a and −1 = b such that b = 2a − 3.
∴ −1 = 2x − 3
or, 2x = 3 − 1 = 2
or, x = 1
Also,
5 = a and y = b such that b = 2a − 3.
∴ y = 2(5) − 3
or, y = 10 − 3 = 7
Thus, we get:
x = 1 and y = 7
Question 3
.
Solution :
Given:
a ∈ [−1, 2, 3, 4, 5] and b ∈ [0, 3, 6]
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Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
Revision Notes for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 6 to 12 Mathematics
RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 6, 7 & 10 Mathematics
Important Questions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9, 10 & 12 (Math &
Science)
Important Formula for Class 6 to 12 Math
CBSE Syllabus for Class 6 to 12
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 9 & 10
Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Paper
JEE Main & Advanced Question Paper
NEET Previous Year Question Paper
Solution :
Given:
a ∈ [2, 4, 6, 9] and b ∈ [4, 6, 18, 27]
Here,
2 divides 4, 6 and 18 and 2 is less than all of them.
6 divides 18 and 6 and 6 is less than 18.
9 divides 18 and 27 and 9 is less than 18 and 27.
Now,
Set of all ordered pairs (a, b) such that a divides b and a < b = {(2, 4), (2, 6), (2, 18), (6, 18), (9,
18), (9, 27)}
Question 5.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2} and B = {1, 3}
Now,
A × B = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 3)}
B × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (3, 1), (3, 2)}
Question 6.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4}
Now,
A × B = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
To represent A × B graphically, follow the given steps:
(a) Draw two mutually perpendicular lines—one horizontal and one vertical.
(b) On the horizontal line, represent the elements of set A; and on the vertical line, represent the
elements of set B.
(c) Draw vertical dotted lines through points representing elements of set A on the horizontal line
and horizontal lines through points representing elements of set B on the vertical line.
The points of intersection of these lines will represent A × B graphically.
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Question 7.
Solution :
Given :
A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 4}
Now,
A × B = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 4)}
B × A = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)}
A × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)}
B × B = {(2, 2), (2, 4), (4, 2), (4, 4)}
We observe:
(A × B) ∩ (B × A) = {(2, 2)}
Question 8.
Solution :
Given:
n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 4
Thus, we have:
n(A × B) = 5(4) = 20
A and B are two sets having 3 elements in common.
Now,
Let:
A = (a, a, a, b, c) and B = (a, a, a, d)
Thus, we have:
(A × B) = {(a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, d), (a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, d), (a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, d), (b, a),
(b, a), (b, a), (b, d), (c, a), (c, a), (c, a), (c, d)}
(B × A) = {(a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, b), (a, c), (a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, b), (a, c), (a, a), (a, a), (a, a),
(a, b), (a, c), (d, a), (d, a), (d, a), (d, b), (d, c)}
[(A × B) ∩ (B × A)] = {(a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, a), (a, a)}
∴ n[(A × B) ∩ (B × A)] = 9
Question 9.
Solution :
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Case (i): Let:
A = (a, b, c)
B = (e, f)
Now, we have:
A × B = {(a, e}), (a, f), (b,e), (b, f), (c, e), (c, f)}
B × A = {(e, a), (e, b), (e, c), (f, a), (f, b), (f, c)}
Thus, they have no elements in common.
Case (ii): Let:
A = (a, b, c)
B = (a, f)
Thus, we have:
A × B = {(a, a}), (a,f), (b, a), (b, f), (c,a), (c, f)}
B × A = {(a, a), (a, b), (a, c), (f, a), (f, b), (f, c)}
Here, A × B and B × A have two elements in common.
Thus, A × B and B × A will have elements in common iff sets A and B have elements in
common.
Question 10.
Solution :
A is the set of all first entries in ordered pairs in A × B and B is the set of all second entries in
ordered pairs in A × B.
Also,
n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 2
∴ A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2}
Question 11.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
R = {(a, b) : a ∈ A, b ∈ A, a divides b}
We know:
1 divides 1, 2, 3 and 4.
2 divides 2 and 4.
3 divides 3.
4 divides 4.
∴ R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 4)}
Question 12.
Solution :
Given:
A = {−1, 1}
Thus, we have:
A × A = {(−1, −1), (−1, 1), (1, −1), (1, 1)}
And,
A × A × A = {(−1, −1, −1), (−1, −1, 1), (−1, 1, −1), (−1, 1, 1), (1, −1, −1), (1, −1, 1), (1, 1, −1),
(1, 1, 1)}
Question 13.
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Solution :
(i) False
Correct statement:
If P = {m, n} and Q = {n, m}, then P × Q = {(m, n), (m, m), (n, n), (n, m)}.
(ii) False
Correct statement:
If A and B are non-empty sets, then A × B is a non-empty set of an ordered pair (x, y) such that x
∈ A and y ∈ B.
(iii) True
A = {1, 2} and B = {3, 4}
Now,
(B ∩ ϕ) = ϕ
The Cartesian product of any set and an empty set is an empty set.
∴ A × (B ∩ ϕ) = ϕ
Question 14 .
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2}
Now,
A × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)}
∴ A × A × A = {(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 1), (1, 2, 2), (2, 1, 1), (2, 1, 2), (2, 2, 1), (2, 2, 2)}
Question 15.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3}
(i) A × B = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)}
(ii) B × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4)}
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(iii) A × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 4)}
(iv) B × B = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)}
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Exercise:2.2
Page number:2.12
Question 1.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4} and C = {4, 5, 6}
Now,
(A × B) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
(B × C) = {(3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)}
∴ (A × B) ∩ (B × C) = {(3, 4)}
Question 2.
Solution :
Given:
A = {2, 3}, B = {4, 5} and C ={5, 6}
Also,
(B ∪ C) = {4, 5, 6}
Thus, we have:
A × (B ∪ C) = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3,6)}
And,
(B ∩ C) = {5}
Thus, we have:
A × (B ∩ C) = {(2, 5), (3, 5)}
Now,
(A × B) = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)}
(A × C) = {(2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
∴ (A × B) ∪ (A × C) = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
Question 3.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4} and C = {5}
(i) A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A × C)
We have:
(B ∪ C) = {4, 5}
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LHS: A × (B ∪ C) = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)}
Now,
(A × B) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
And,
(A × C) = {(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5)}
RHS: (A × B) ∪ (A × C) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5)}
∴ LHS = RHS
(ii) A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
We have:
(B ∩ C) = ϕ
LHS: A × (B ∩ C) = ϕ
And,
(A × B) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
(A × C) = {(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5)}
RHS: (A × B) ∩ (A × C) = ϕ
∴ LHS = RHS
(iii) A × (B − C) = (A × B) − (A × C)
We have:
(B − C) = ϕ
LHS: A × (B − C) = ϕ
Now,
(A × B) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
And,
(A × C) = {(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5)}
RHS: (A × B) − (A × C) = ϕ
∴ LHS = RHS
Question 4.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, C = {5, 6} and D = {5, 6, 7, 8}
(i) A × C ⊂ B × D
LHS: A × C = {(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 5), (2, 6)}
RHS: B × D = {(1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (1, 8), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2, 8), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 8),
(4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7), (4, 8)}
∴A×C⊂B×D
(ii) A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
We have:
(B ∩ C) = ϕ
LHS: A × (B ∩ C) = ϕ
Now,
(A × B) = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4)}
(A × C) = {(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 5), (2, 6)}
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RHS: (A × B) ∩ (A × C) = ϕ
∴ LHS = RHS
Question 5.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4} and C = {4, 5, 6}
(i) A × (B ∩ C)
Now,
(B ∩ C) = {4}
∴ A × (B ∩ C) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
(ii) (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
Now,
(A × B) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
And,
(A × C) = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
∴ (A × B) ∩ (A × C) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
(iii) A × (B ∪ C)
Now,
(B ∪ C) = {3, 4, 5, 6}
∴ A × (B ∪ C) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3,
6)}
(iv) (A × B) ∪ (A × C)
Now,
(A × B) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
And,
(A × C) = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
∴ (A × B) ∪ (A × C) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5),
(3, 6)}
Question 6.
Solution :
(i) (A ∪ B) × C = (A × C) ∪ (B × C)
Let (a, b) be an arbitrary element of (A ∪ B) × C.
Thus, we have:
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a, b A B C
a A B and b C
a A or a B and b C
a A and b C or a B and b C
a, b A C or a, b B C
a, b A C B C
A B C A C B C ... i
Again, let (x, y) be an arbitrary element of (A × C) ∪ (B × C).
Thus, we have:
x, y A C B C
x, y A C or x, y B C
x A & y C or x B & y C
x A or x B or y C
x A B & y C
x, y A B C
A C B C A B C ... ii
From (i) and (ii), we get:
(A ∪ B) × C = (A × C) ∪ (B × C)
(ii) (A ∩ B) × C = (A × C) ∩ (B×C)
Let (a, b) be an arbitrary element of (A ∩ B) × C.
Thus, we have:
a, b A B C
a A B & b C
a A & a B & b C
a A & b C & a B & b C
a, b A C & a, b B C
a, b A C B C
A B C A C B C ... iii
Again, let (x, y) be an arbitrary element of (A × C) ∩ (B × C).
Thus, we have:
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x, y A C B C
x, y A C & x, y B C
x A & y C & x B & y C
x A & x B & y C
x A B & y C
x, y A B C
A C B C A B C ... iv
From (iii) and (iv), we get:
(A ∩ B) × C = (A × C) ∩ (B × C)
Question 7.
Solution :
Let :
x, y A B
x A, y B
Now,
A B C D
x, y C D
Or ,
x C and y D
Thus, we have :
AC & B D
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Exercise:2.3
Page number:2.20
Question 1.
Solution:
Given:
A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {4, 5, 6}
Thus, we have:
A × B = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
Question 2.
Solution:
Given:
(x, y) ∈ R ⇔ x is relatively prime to y.
Here,
2 is co-prime to 3 and 7.
3 is co-prime to 7 and 10.
4 is co-prime to 3 and 7.
5 is co-prime to 3, 6 and 7.
Thus, we get:
R = {(2, 3), (2, 7), (3, 7), (3, 10), (4, 3), (4, 7), (5, 3), (5, 6), (5, 7)}
Domain of R = {2, 3, 4, 5}
Range of R = {3, 7, 6, 10}
Question 3.
Solution:
Given:
A is the set of the first five natural numbers.
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∴ A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
The relation is defined as:
(x, y) ∈ R ⇔ x ≤ y
Now,
R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 4), (4,
5), (5, 5)}
R-1 = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (3, 3), (4, 3), (5, 3), (4, 4), (5,
4), (5, 5)}
(i) Domain of R-1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(ii) Range of R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Question 4.
Solution:
(i) R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 2), (5, 6)}
R−1 = {(2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3), (6, 5)}
(ii) R = {(x, y) : x, y ∈ N, x + 2y = 8}
On solving x + 2y = 8, we get:
x = 8 – 2y
On putting y = 1, we get x = 6.
On putting y = 2, we get x = 4.
On putting y = 3, we get x = 2.
∴ R = {(6, 1), (4, 2), (2, 3)}
Or,
R−1 = {(1, 6), (2, 4), (3, 2)}
(iii) R is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to {8, 10, 12} defined by y = x − 3.
x belongs to {11, 12, 13} and y belongs to {8, 10, 12}.
Also, 11 − 3 = 8 and 13 − 3 = 10
∴ R = {(11, 8), (13,10)}
Or,
R−1 = {(8, 11), (10,13)}
Question 5.
Solution:
(i) A relation R from the set [2, 3, 4, 5, 6] to the set [1, 2, 3] is defined by x = 2y.
Putting y = 1, 2, 3 in x = 2y, we get:
x = 2, 4, 6
∴ R = {(2, 1), (4, 2), (6, 3)}
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2 is relatively prime to 3, 5 and 7.
3 is relatively prime to 2, 4, 5 and 7.
4 is relatively prime to 3, 5 and 7.
5 is relatively prime to 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7.
6 is relatively prime to 5 and 7.
7 is relatively prime to 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
∴ R = {(2, 3), (2, 5), (2, 7), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 7), (4, 3), (4, 5), (4, 7), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5,
6), (5, 7), (6, 5), (6, 7), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7,4), (7, 5), (7, 6)}
(iv) A relation R from the set A = [5, 6, 7, 8] to the set B = [10, 12, 15, 16, 18] defined by (x, y)
∈ R ⇔ x divides y.
Here,
5 divides 10 and 15.
6 divides 12 and 18.
8 divides 16.
∴ R = {(5, 10), (5, 15), (6, 12), (6, 18), (8,16)}
Question 6.
Solution:
Question 7.
Solution:
Given:
A = (3, 5) and B = (7, 11)
Also,
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R = {(a, b) : a ∈ A, b ∈ B, a − b is odd}
a are the elements of A and b are the elements of B.
a b 3 7, 3 11, 5 7, 5 11
a b 4, 8, 2, 6
Here, a b is always an even number.
So, R is an empty relation from A to B.
Hence proved.
Question 8.
Solution:
We have:
A = {1, 2} and B = {3, 4}
Now,
n A B n A n B 2 2 4
There are 2n relations from A to B, where n is the number of elements in their Cartesian product.
∴ Number of relations from A to B is 24 = 16.
Question 9.
Solution:
Question 10.
Solution :
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(i) R = {(a, b) : a ∈ N, a < 5, b = 4}
We have:
a = 1, 2, 3, 4
b=4
R = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4)}
Domain (R) = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Range (R) = {4}
(ii) S a, b : b a 1 , a Z and a 3
Now,
a = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
b 3 1 4
b 2 1 3
b 1 1 2
b 0 1 1
b 1 1 0
b 2 1 1
b 3 1 2
Thus, we have:
b = 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2
Or,
S = {(-3, 4), (-2, 3), (-1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 1), (3, 2)}
Domain (S) = {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
Range (S) = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
Question 11.
Solution:
There are four ordered pairs in the set, and each subset is a unique combination of them.
Each unique combination makes different relations in A.
{ } [the empty set]
{(a, a)}
{(a, b)}
{(a, a), (a, b)}
{(b, a)}
{(a, a), (b, a)}
{(a, b), (b, a)}
{(a, a), (a, b), (b, a)}
{(b, b)}
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{(a, a), (b, b)}
{(a, b), (b, b)}
{(a, a), (a, b), (b, b)}
{(b, a), (b, b)}
{(a, a), (b, a), (b, b)}
{(a, b), (b, a), (b, b)}
{(a ,a), (a, b), (b, a), (b, b)}
Question 12.
Solution:
Given:
A = (x, y, z) and B = (a, b)
Now,
Number of elements in the Cartesian product of A and B 3 2 6
Number of relations from A to B = 26 64
Question 13.
Solution:
Question 14.
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Solution:
Or,
R = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4, 12)}
Question 15.
Solution:
(i) ∵ x = 1, 2, 3
∴ y = 1 + 5, 2 + 5, 3 + 5
y = 6, 7, 8
Thus, we have:
R = {(1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8)}
(ii)
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Now,
Domain (R) = {1, 2, 3}
Range (R) = {6, 7, 8}
Question 16.
Solution:
Question 17.
Solution:
Question 18.
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Solution:
A = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
R = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ A, b is exactly divisible by a}
(i) Here,
2 is divisible by 1 and 2.
3 is divisible by 1 and 3.
4 is divisible by 1 and 4.
5 is divisible by 1 and 5.
6 is divisible by 1, 2, 3 and 6.
∴ R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 6), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6,
6)}
Question 19
Solution :
(i) We have:
5-2 = 3
6-2 = 4
7-2 = 5
∴ R = x, y : y x 2, x P, y Q
Question 20.
Solution:
R = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ Z, a − b is an integer}
We know:
Difference of any two integers is always an integer.
Thus, for all a, b ∈ Z, we get a − b as an integer.
∴ Domain (R) = Z
And,
Range (R) = Z
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Question 21.
Solution:
We have:
(a, b) ∈ R1 ⇔ 1 + ab > 0
Let:
a = 1, b = -12 and c = -4
Now,
1 1 1 1
1, R1 and , 4 R1 , as 1 0 and 1 4 0 .
2 2 2 2
Question 22.
Solution:
We are given ,
(a, b) R (c, d) ⇔ a + d = b + c for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ N × N
(ii) (a, b) R (c, d) ⇒ (c, d) R (a, b) for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ N × N
a , b R c, d a d b c
cb d a
c, d R a , b
(iii) (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f) ⇒ (a, b) R (e, f) for all (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) ∈ N × N
a, b R c, d and c, d R e, f
a d b c and c f d e
ad c f bcd e
a f be
a, b R e, f
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Exercise: Very Short Question
Page number:2.24
Answer each of the following questions in one word or one sentence or as per exact
requirement of the question:
Question 1.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2, 4}, B = {2, 4, 5} and C = {2, 5}
Now,
(A − C) = {1, 4}
(B − C) = {4}
Thus, we have:
(A − C) × (B − C) = {(1, 4), (4, 4)}
Question 2.
Solution :
Given:
n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 4
Now, we have:
n(A × A × B) = n A A n B 3 3 4 36
Question 3.
Solution :
Page number:2.25
Question 4.
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Solution :
Given:
R = {(x, y) : x, y ∈ Z, x2 + y2 ≤ 4}
We know:
2
2 02 4
2
2 02 4
2
1 02 4
2
1 02 4
2 2
1 1 4
02 02 4
2 2
1 1 4
2 2
1 1 4
∴ Domain (R) = {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}
Question 5.
Solution :
Given:
A = (11, 12, 13) and B = (8, 10, 12)
R is defined by (y = x − 3) from A to B.
We know:
8 = 11-3
10 = 13-3
∴ R = {(11, 8), (13, 10)}
Or,
R-1 = {(8, 11), (10, 13)}
Question 6.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2, 3}
R a, b : a 2 b 2 5, a, b A
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We know that
12 12 5,
22 22 5,
32 32 5,
12 22 5,
22 12 5,
22 32 5,
32 22 5
Thus, R ={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,1),(2,3),(3,2)}
Question 7.
Solution :
R = [(x, y) : x, y ∈ Z, y = 2x − 4]
(a, -2) and (4, b2) ∈ R
So, 2 2(a) 4
2 2a
a 1
Also, b 2 2 4 4
b2 4
b 2
Thus, a =1 and b = ±2
Question 8.
Solution :
Given:
R = {(2, 1), (4, 7), (1, −2), …}
We can observe that
1 3 2 5
7 3 4 5
2 3 1 5
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Thus, the linear relation between the components of the ordered pairs of the relation R is y = 3x –
5.
Question 9.
Solution
Given:
A = {1, 3, 5} and B = {2, 4}
R = {(x, y) : x, y ∈ A × B and x > y}
A × B = {(1,2),(1,4),(3,2),(3,4),(5,2),(5,4)}
As 3 > 2, 5 > 2 and 5 > 4,
we have R = {(3,2),(5,2),(5,4)}
Question 10.
Solution :
R = {(x, y) : x, y ∈ W, 2x + y = 8}
As y 8 2 x
For x 0, y 8
For x 1, y 6
For x 2, y 4
For x 3, y 2
For x 4, y 0
For x 5, y 0
So, y 0 for all x 5
Question 11.
Solution :
Given:
(x, 1), (y, 2), (z, 1) are in A × B
n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 2
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x,1 A B x A , 1 B
Similarly, y A, 2 B
and z A, 1 B
Question 12.
Solution :
Given:
A = {1, 2, 3, 5} and B = {4, 6, 9}
R = {(x, y) : x − y is odd}
∴ R = {(1,4),(1,6),(2,9),(3,4),(3,6),(5,4),(5,6)}
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Exercise: Multiple Choice Questions
Page number:2.25
Question 1.
Solution :
Question 2.
Solution :
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
x R y ⇔ y = 3x
For x = 1, y = 3
For x = 2, y = 6
For x = 3, y = 9
Thus, R = {(1,3),(2,6),(3,9)}
Question 3.
Solution :
Question 4.
Solution :
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(c) {1}
A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 4, 6, 9}
R is a relation from A to B defined by: x is greater than y.
Then R = {(2,1),(3,1)}
∴ Range (R) = {1}
Question 5.
Solution :
Question 6.
Solution :
(d) {2, 3, 4, 5}
Given:
From {2, 3, 4, 5} to {3, 6, 7, 10}, x R y ⇔ x is relatively prime to y
Question 7.
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Solution :
(d) i ϕ 1
We have i 12 02 1
Thus, i ϕ 1 satisfies x ϕ y ⇔ x = y.
Question 8.
Solution :
(c) {2, 4, 6}
x + 2y = 8
⇒ x = 8 – 2y
For y = 1, x = 6
y = 2, x = 4
y = 3, x = 2
Then R = {(2,3),(4,2),(6,1)}
∴ Domain of R = {2,4,6}
Question 9.
Solution:
Question 10.
Solution:
(c) pq
Question 11.
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Solution:
(c) R ⊆ A × B
Question 12.
Solution:
(a) 2mn
Given: n(A) = m
n(B) = n
∴ nA×B = mn
Then, the number of relations from A to B is 2mn .
Question 13.
Solution:
(b) 2n2
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