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Exercise: 18.1
Question 1:
Solution:
5
(i) 2 x 3 y
4C0 (2 x)4 (3 y )0 4C1 (2 x)3 (3 y )1 4C2 (2 x)2 (3 y )2 4C3 (2 x)1 (3 y )3 4C4 (2 x)0 (3 y ) 4
16 x 4 4 8 x 3 3 y 6 4 x 2 9 y 2 4 2 x 27 y 3 81y 4
16 x 4 96 x3 y 216 x 2 y 2 216 xy 3 81y 4
(iii)
6
1
x
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6C0 x 6 6C1 x5 6C2 x 4 6C3 x3 6C4 x 2 6 C5 x1 6C6 x0
x x x x x x x
1 1 1 1 1 1
x 6 6 x 5 15 x 4 2 20 x 3 3 15 x 2 4 6 x 5 6
x x x x x x
15 6 1
x 6 6 x 4 15 x 2 20 2 4 6
x x x
7
(iv) 1 3x
7C0 (3 x) 0 7C1 (3 x)1 7C2 (3 x) 2 7C3 (3 x)3 7C4 (3 x) 4 7C5 (3 x)5 7C6 (3 x)6 7C7 (3 x) 7
1 7 3 x 21 9 x 2 35 27 x 3 35 81x 4 21 243 x 5 7 729 x 6 2187 x 7
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Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
Revision Notes for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 6 to 12 Mathematics
RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 6, 7 & 10 Mathematics
Important Questions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9, 10 & 12 (Math &
Science)
Important Formula for Class 6 to 12 Math
CBSE Syllabus for Class 6 to 12
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 9 & 10
Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Paper
JEE Main & Advanced Question Paper
NEET Previous Year Question Paper
b b b
6C0 ( ax) 6 ( ) 0 6C1 ( ax)5 ( )1 6C2 (ax) 4 ( ) 2
x x x
b b b b
6C3 ( ax)3 ( )3 6C4 (ax ) 2 ( ) 4 6C5 (ax)1 ( )5 6C6 (ax) 0 ( )6
x x x x
2 3 4
b b b b b5 b 6
a 6 x 6 6a 5 x 5 15a 4 x 4 2 20a 3b3 3 15a 2 x 2 4 6ax 5 6
x x x x x x
a 2b 4 ab5 b 6
a 6 x 6 6a 5 x 4b 15a 4 x 2b 2 20a 3b3 15 6
x2 x4 x6
6
x a
(vi)
a x
6 0 5 1 4 2
6
x a 6 x a 6 x a
C0 C1 C2
a x a x a x
3 3 2 4 1 5 0 6
6
x a 6 x a 6 x a 6 x a
C3 C4 C5 C6
a x a x a x a x
x3 x2 x a a 2 a3
3 6 2 15 20 15 6 2 3
a a a x x x
(vii)
(viii) (1 2 x 3 x 2 )5
Consider 1 2 x and 3 x 2 as two separate entities and apply the binomial theorem.
Now,
5
C0 (1 2 x)5 (3 x) 0 5C1 (1 2 x) 4 (3 x 2 )1 5C2 (1 2 x)3 (3 x 2 ) 2 5C3 (1 2 x) 2 (3 x 2 )3 5C4 (1 2 x)1 (3 x 2 ) 4 5C5 (1 2
(1 2 x)5 5(1 2 x) 4 3x 2 10 (1 2 x)3 9 x 4 10 (1 2 x) 2 27 x 6 5 1 2 x 81x8 243x10
5C0 (2 x) 0 5C1 (2 x)1 5C2 (2 x) 2 5C3 (2 x)3 5C4 (2 x) 4 5C5 (2 x )5
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15 x 2 [ 4C0 (2 x) 0 4C1 (2 x )1 4C2 (2 x) 2 4C3 (2 x )3 4C4 2 x) 4
1
(ix) ( x 1 )3
x
1 1 1 1
3C0 ( x 1)3 ( )0 3C1 ( x 1) 2 ( )1 3C2 ( x 1)1 ( )2 3C3 ( x 1)0 ( )3
x x x x
1 x 1 1
( x 1)3 3( x 1) 2 3 2 3
x x x
2
3x 3 6 x x 1 1
x3 1 3x 3x 2 3 2 3
x x x
3 3 3 1
x3 1 3x 3x 2 3x 6 2 3
x x x x
3 1
x3 3x 2 5 2 3
x x
(x) (1 2 x 3 x 2 )3
3C0 (1 2 x)3 3C1 (1 2 x)2 3x 2 3C2 1 2 x (3x 2 ) 2 3C3 (3x 2 )3
(1 2 x)3 9 x 2 (1 2 x) 2 27 x 4 1 2 x 27 x 6
1 8 x3 12 x 2 6 x 9 x 2 1 4 x 2 4 x 27 x 4 54 x 5 27 x 6
1 8 x3 12 x 2 6 x 9 x 2 36 x 4 36 x3 27 x 4 54 x 5 27 x 6
1 6 x 21x 2 44 x 3 63 x 4 54 x 5 27 x 6
Question 2:
Solution:
(i)
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( x 1 x 1) 6 ( x 1 x 1) 6
2[ 6C0 ( x 1)6 ( x 1)0 6C2 ( x 1) 4 ( x 1) 2 6C4 ( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 4 6C6 ( x 1)0 x 1)6
2[( x 1)3 15( x 1) 2 x 1 15 x 1 ( x 1) 2 ( x 1)3
2 x 3 1 3x 3x 2 15 x 2 2 x 1 x 1 15 x 1 x 2 1 2 x x3 1 3x 3x 2
2 2 x3 6 x 15 x3 15 x 2 30 x 2 30 x 15 x 15 15 x 3 15 x 2 30 x 2 30 x 15 x 15
2 32 x3 24 x
16 x 4 x 2 3
(ii)
( x x 2 1)6 ( x x 2 1)6
2[ 6C0 x 6 ( x 2 1)0 6C2 x 4 ( x 2 1) 2 6C4 x 2 ( x 2 1) 4 6C6 x 0 x 2 1)6
2[ x 6 15 x 4 x 2 1 15 x 2 ( x 2 1)2 x 2 1)3
2 x 6 15 x 6 15 x 4 15 x 2 x 4 2 x 2 1 x 6 1 3x 2 3x 4
2 x 6 15 x 6 15 x 4 15 x 6 30 x 4 15 x 2 x 6 1 3 x 2 3 x 4
64 x 6 96 x 4 36 x 2 2
(iii)
(1 2 x )5 (1 2 x )5
2[ 5C0 (2 x )0 5C2 (2 x )2 5C4 2 x ) 4
2 1 10 4 x 5 16 x 2
2 1 40 x 80 x 2
(iv)
( 2 1)6 ( 2 1) 6
2[ 6C0 ( 2)6 6C2 ( 2) 4 6C4 ( 2)2 6C6 2)0
2 8 15 4 15 2 1
2 99 198
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(v)
(3 2)5 (3 2)5 2 5C1 34 ( 2)1 5C3 32 ( 2)3 5C5 30 ( 2)5
(vi)
(2 3)7 (2 3)7
2[ 7C0 27 ( 3)0 7C2 25 ( 3) 2 7C4 23 ( 3) 4 7C6 21 3)6
2 128 21 32 3 35 8 9 7 2 27
2 128 2016 2520 378
2 5042 10084
(vii)
( 3 1)5 ( 3 1)5
2[ 5C1 ( 3)4 5C3 ( 3) 2 5C5 3)0
2 5 9 10 3 1
2 76
152
(viii)
(0.99)5 (1.01)5 (1 0.01)5 (1 0.01)5
2[ 5C0 (0.01)0 5C2 (0.01)2 5C4 0.01) 4
2 1 10 0.0001 5 0.00000001
2 1.00100005
2.0020001
(ix)
( 3 2)6 ( 3 2)6 2[ 6C1 ( 3)5 ( 2)1 6C3 ( 3)3 ( 2)3 6C5 ( 3)1 ( 2)5 ]
2 6 9 3 2 20 3 3 2 2 6 3 4 2 2 6 54 120 24
396 6
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( x)
4 4
a2 a2 1 a2 a2 1
2[ 4C0 (a 2 ) 4 ( a 2 1)0 4C2 (a 2 ) 2 ( a 2 1)2 4C4 (a 2 )0 a 2 1)4
2[a8 6a 4 a 2 1 a 2 1)2
2 a 8 6a 6 6a 4 a 4 1 2a 2
2a 8 12a 6 10a 4 4a 2 2
Question 3:
Solution:
8 3 6 2 6
40 6
( 3 2)4 ( 3 2)4 40 6
Question 4:
Solution:
6 6
The expression x 1 x 1 can be written as
( x 1)6 ( x 1)6
2 6C0 x 6 6C2 x 4 6C4 x 2 6C6 x 0
2 x 6 15 x 4 15 x 2 1
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By taking x 2 , we get:
( 2 1)6 ( 2 1)6 2[( 2)6 15( 2)4 15 2)2 1
2 8 15 4 15 2 1
2 8 60 30 1
198
Question 5:
Solution:
3
i 96
(100 4)3
3C0 1003 40 3C1 1002 41 3C2 1001 4 2 3C3 1000 43
1000000 120000 4800 64
884736
5
ii 102
(100 2)5
5C0 1005 20 5C1 1004 21 5C2 1003 2 2 5C3 1002 23 5C4 1001 24 5C5 1000 25
10000000000 1000000000 40000000 800000 8000 32
11040808032
4
iii 101
(100 1) 4
4C0 1004 4C1 1003 4C2 1002 4C3 1001 4C4 1000
100000000 4000000 60000 400 1
104060401
5
iv 98
(100 2)5
5C0 1005 20 5 C1 1004 21 5C2 1003 22 5C3 1002 23 5C4 1001 24 5C5 1000 25
10000000000 1000000000 40000000 800000 8000 32
9039207968
Question 6:
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Solution:
23 n 7 n 1 8n 7 n 1 …(1)
Now,
8n (1 7) n
nC0 nC1 71 nC2 7 2 nC3 73 nC4 7 4 ... nCn 7 n
8n 1 7 n 49 nC2 nC3 71 nC4 7 2 ... nCn 7 n 2
8n 1 7 n 49 An integer
Now,
8n 1 7 n is divisible by 49
Or ,
23n 1 7 n is divisible by 49 From 1
Question 7:
Solution:
Consider
n 1
9 n 1 1 8 9n 1 n 1
C0 80 n 1C1 81 n 1
C2 82 n 1C3 83 ... n 1
Cn 1 8n 1
Question 8:
Solution:
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33n 26n 1 27 n 26n 1 ... 1
Now, we have :
27 n (1 26) n
On expanding , we get
(1 26)n nC0 260 nC1 261 nC2 262 nC3 263 nC4 264 ... nCn 26n
27 n 1 26n 262 nC2 nC3 261 nC4 262 ... nCn 26n 2
27 n 26n 1 676 an integer
27 n 26n 1 is divisible by 676
Or ,
33n 26n 1 is divisible by 676 From 1
Question 9:
Solution:
We have:
(1.1)10000
(1 0.1)10000
0
10000C0 0.1 10000C1 (0.1)1 10000C2 (0.1) 2 ...10000C10000 (0.1)10000
110000 0.1 other positive terms
110000 other positive terms
10001 other positive terms
10001 1000
(1.1)10000 1000
Question 10:
Solution:
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We have:
(1.2)4000
(1 0.2) 4000 4000C0 4000C1 (0.2)1 4000C2 (0.2) 2 ... 4000C4000 (0.2) 4000
1 4000 0.2 other positive terms
1 800 other positive terms
801 other positive terms
801 800
Question 11:
Solution:
(1.01)10 (1 0.01)10
(1 0.01)10 (1 0.01)10
2[ 10C0 (0.01)0 10C2 (0.01) 2 10C4 (0.01)4 10C6 (0.01)6 10C8 (0.01)8 10C10 0.01)10
2 1 45 0.0001 210 0.00000001 ...
2 1 0.0045 0.00000210 ...
2.0090042 ...
Question 12:
Solution:
We have,
2 4 n 4 15n 16 24 n 1 15n 16
16n 1 15n 16
n 1
1 15 15n 16
n 1 C0 150 n1 C1 151 n 1 C2 152 ... n 1 Cn 1 15n 1 15n 16
1 n 115 n 1 C2 152 ... n 1 Cn 1 15n 1 15n 16
1 15n 15 n 1 C2 152 ... n 1 Cn 1 15n 1 15n 16
n 1 C2 152 ... n 1 Cn 1 15n 1
152 n1 C2 ... n1 Cn 1 15n 1
225 n 1 C2 ... n 1 Cn 1 15n 1
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Exercise: 18.2
Question 1.
Solution:
Given:
25
1
2x 2
x
Clearly, the given expression contains 26 terms.
So, the 11th term from the end is the (26 − 11 + 1)th term from the beginning. In other
words, the 11th term from the end is the 16th term from the beginning.
Thus, we have:
15
25 25 15 1
T16 T151 C15 (2 x) 2
x
1 210
25C15 210 x10 30 25C15 20
x x
T11 T101
10
1
25C10 (2 x) 2510 2
x
z 25 1
C10 215 x15 20
x
215
25C10 5
x
Question 2.
Solution:
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Now, we have
6
10 1
2 10 6
C6 (3x ) 3
x
1
10C6 34 x8 18
z x
10 9 8 7 81
4 3 2 x10
17010
10
x
17010
Thus, the 7th term of the given expression is
x10
Question 3.
Solution:
Given:
10
1
3x 2
x
T7 T61
6
1
10C6 (3x)106 2
x
z 1
10C6 34 x 4 12
x
10 9 8 7 81 17010
4 3 2 1 x 8 x8
Question 4.
Solution:
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Question 5.
Solution:
T7 T61
T7 T61
86 6
4x 5
8C6
5 2x
8 7 4 4 125 125 2 1
x 6
2 1 25 64 x
4375
4
x
Question 6.
Solution:
T7 T61 C6 x
9 96
2x
9 8 7 3 64
z
3 2
x x6
5376
3
x
x
9 8 7 6 8
3 2
x x3
672 x3
Question 7.
Solution:
Let Tr+1 be the 4th term from the end of the given expression.
Then,
Tr+1 is (10 − 4 + 1)th term, i.e., 7th term, from the beginning.
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Thus, we have:
9 6 6
4x 5
T7 T61 9C6
5 2x
9 8 7 64 3 125 125
z x
3 2 125 64 x 6
10500
x3
Question 8.
Solution:
Let Tr+1 be the 7th term from the end in the given expression.
Then, we have:
Tr+1 = (9 − 7 + 1) = 3rd term from the beginning
Now,
2
8 2 8 2 3
T3 T21 C2 (2 x )
2x
8 7 9
z
2 1
64 x12 2
4x
10
4032 x
Question 9.
Solution:
(i) Suppose x10 occurs in the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.
Then, we have:
Tr 1 nCr x n r a r
r
1
Tr 1 20Cr (2 x 2 ) 20 r
x
(1) r 20Cr 2 20 r x 40 2 r r
For this term to contain x10 , we must have :
40 3r 10
3r 30
r 10
Coefficient of x10 (1)10 20
C10 22010 20C10 210
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Then, we have:
r
40 1
40 r
Tr 1 Cr x 2
x
(1) Cr x 40 r 2 r
r 40
(iii) Suppose x−15 occurs at the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.
Then, we have:
r
10 2 10 r a
Tr 1 Cr (3x ) 3
3x
10 9 8 7
a
3 2 9 9
40
a7
27
Then, we have:
r
9 2 9 r 1
Tr 1 Cr ( x )
3x
1
(1)r 9Cr x18 2 r r r
3
9
For this term to contain x , we must have :
18 3r 9
3r 9
r 3
1 9 8 7 28
Coefficient of x 9 (1)3 9C3 3
3 299 9
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(v)
Suppose xm occurs at the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.
Then, we have:
1
Tr 1 nCr x n r
xr
n Cr x n 2 r
For this term to contain x m , we must have :
n 2r m
r n m / 2
n!
Coefficient of x m nC n m /2
nm nm
! !
2 2
Then, we have:
1 2 x 3x 1 1x
3 5
2 3 4 5 6 7
8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8
1 2 x 3x C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
3 5 8
x x x x x x x
4
1 1
x occurs in the above expresssion at 2 x3 . 8C2 2 3 x5 . 8C4 .
x x
8! 8!
Coefficient of x 2 3 56 210 154
2! 6! 4! 4!
(vii)
Suppose a5 b7 occurs at the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.
Then, we have:
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(viii)
Then we have,
16
1 3x 7 x 1 x
2
2 3 4 5 6
1 3 x 7 x ( C
2 16
0
16
C1 x 16C2 x 16C3 x 16C4 x 16 C5 x 16C6 x
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
16C7 x 16C8 x 16C9 x 16C10 x 16C11 x 16C12 x 16C13 x
14 15 16
16C14 x 16C15 x 16C16 x )
x occurs in the above expresssion at 16C1 x 3 x 16C0 .
16! 16!
Coefficient of x 3 16 3 19
1!15! 0!16!
Question 10.
Solution:
Suppose Tr+1th term in the given expression contains x and y to one and the same
power.
Then,
Tr 1 th term is
21 r r
x 1/3 y
1/2
21
Cr 1/3
y x
21 r /3
x y r /2
21Cr
y 21 r /6
r /6
x
7 r /2 2 r /3 7/2
21Cr x y
Now, if x and y have the same power , then
r 2r 7
7
2 3 2
2r r 7
7
3 2 2
7 r 21
6 2
r 9
Hence, the required term is the10th term
Question 11.
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Solution:
Question 12.
Solution:
12
1
Hence, the expansion of x 2 does not contain any term involving x-1.
x
Question 13.
Solution:
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(i) Here,
n = 20 (Even number)
Now,
T11 T101
2010 10
z 20C10 2 x 3
3 2x
210 310
20C10 10 10 x1010 20C10
3 2
(ii) Here,
n = 12 (Even number)
n
Therefore, the middle term is the 1 th i.e. 7th term
2
Now,
12 6
12 a
T7 T6 1 C6 (bx)6
x
12 6 6
C6 a b
12 1110 9 8 7 6 6
a b
6 5 4 3 2
924 a 6b 6
(iii) Here,
n = 10 (Even number)
n
Therefore, the middle term is the 1 th i.e. 6th term
2
Now,
T6 T51
5
10 2
2 10 5
C5 ( x )
x
10 9 8 7 6
32 x5
5 4 3 2
8064 x5
(iv) Here,
n = 10 (Even number)
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n
Therefore, the middle term is the 1 th i.e. 6th term
2
Now,
T6 T51
10 5 5
x a
10C5
a x
10 9 8 7 6
5 4 3 2
252
Question 14.
Solution:
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7 1 7 1
Thus, the middle terms are th and 1 th i.e. 4th and 5th
2 2
Now,
T4 T31
3
1
7C3 (2 x 2 )7 3
x
765 1
16 x8 3
3 2 x
560 x 5
And ,
T5 T41
4
7 2 74 1
C4 (2 x )
x
1
35 8 x 6 4
x
280 x 2
(iii)
Given :
n, i.e.15 is an odd number.
15 1 15 1
Thus, the middle terms are th and 1 th i.e.8th and 9th.
2 2
Now,
T8 T7 1
7
2
15C7 (3x)157 2
x
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 814
3 2 x
7 6 5 4 3 2
6435 38 27
x6
And ,
T9 T81
8
2
15C8 (3x)158 2
x
15 14 13 12 1110 9 7 8
3 2 x 7 16
7 6 5 4 3 2
6435 37 28
x9
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(iv)
Here, n, i.e., 11, is an odd number.
11 1 11 1
Thus, the middle terms are th and 1 th i.e. 6th and 7th.
2 2
Now,
T6 T51
5
11 1
4 115
C5 ( x ) 3
x
11 10 9 8 7 24 15
x
5 4 3 2
462 x 9
And ,
T7 T61
6
1
11C6 ( x 4 )116 3
x
11 10 9 8 7 20 18
x
5 4 3 2
462 x 2
Question 15.
Solution:
(i)
10
1
x Here, nis an even number.
x
10
Middleterm 1 th 6thterm
2
Now, we have
T6 T51
5
1
10C5 x105
x
10 9 8 7 6
5 4 3 2
252
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(ii)
(1 2 x x 2 )n
(1 x )2 n
n is an even number.
2n
Middle term 1 th n 1 th term
2
Now, we have
Tn 1 2 nCn (1) n ( x )n
2n ! (1)n xn
2
(n !)
(iii)
(1 3x 3 x 2 x3 ) 2 n
(1 x)6 n
Here, n is an even number.
6n
Middle term 1 th 3n 1 th term
2
Now, we have
T3n1
6 nC3n x3n
6n ! x3n
(3n !)2
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(iv)
9
x2
2 x
4
Here, n is an odd number.
n 1 n 1
Therefore, the middle terms are th and 1 th, i.e. 5th and 6th terms.
2 2
Now, we have
T5 T41
4
9 x2
94
C4 (2 x)
4
9 8 7 6 5 1 5 8
2 4 x
4 3 2 4
63 13
x
4
And ,
T6 T51
5
9 x2
9 5
C5 (2 x)
4
9 8 7 6 4 1 410
2 5 x
4 3 2 4
63 14
x
32
(v)
2 n 1
1
x
x
Here, 2n 1 is an odd number.
2n 1 1 2n 1 1
Therefore, the middle terms are th and 1 th i.e. n 1 th and n 2 th terms.
2 2
Now, we have :
Tn 1
2 n 1 (1) n
Cn x 2 n 1 n
xn
(1) n 2 n 1
Cn x
And ,
Tn 2 Tn11
2 n 1 (1) n 1
Cn1 x 2 n1 n 1
x n 1
1
(1) n1 2 n 1Cn 1
x
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(vi)
10
x
9y
3
Here, n is an even number.
10
Therefore, the middle term is 1 th, i.e., 6th term.
2
Now, we have
T6 T51
10 5
10 x
C5 (9 y )5
3
10 9 8 7 6 1
5 95 x 5 y 5
5 4 3 2 3
5 5
61236 x y
(vii)
7
x3
3
6
Here, n is an odd number.
7 1 7 1
Therefore, the middle terms are th and 1 th, i.e., 4th and 5th terms.
2 2
Now, we have
T4 T31
3
7 7 3 x3
C3 3
6
105 9
x
8
And ,
T5 T41
4
9 4 x3
9C4 3
6
7 6 5 5 1 12
3 4 x
3 2 6
35 12
x
48
(viii)
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12
b
2ax 2
x
Here, n is an even number.
th
12
Middle term 1 7th term
2
Now, we have
T7 T61
6
12 6 b
12C6 2ax 2
x
6
12 1110 9 8 7 2ab
6 5 4 3 2 1 x
59136 a 6b 6
x6
(ix)
9
p x
x p
Here, n is an odd number.
th th
9 1 9 1
Therefore, the middle terms are and 1 , i.e., 5th and 6th terms.
2 2
Now, we have
T5 T41
94 4
9 p x
C4
x p
98 7 6 p
4 3 2 1 x
126 p
x
And ,
T6 T51
9 5 5
9 p x
C5
x p
98 7 6 x
4 3 2 1 p
126 x
p
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(x)
10
x a
a x
Here, n is an even number.
th
10
Middle term 1 6th term
2
Now, we have
T6 T51
10 5 5
10 x a
C5
a x
10 9 8 7 6
5 4 3 2 1
252
Question 16.
Answer :
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(ii) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.
Now,
9
1
2 x
3x 2
r
1
Tr 1 9Cr (2 x)9 r 2
3x
9r
2
9Cr . r x 9 r 2 r
3
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
9 3r 0
r 3
Hence, the required term is the 4th term.
Now, we have
9 26
C3
33
64
9C3
27
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(iv) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.
Now,
15
2
3x 2
x
r
2
Tr 1 15Cr (3x)15 r 2
x
(1) Cr 3 2r x15 r 2 r
r 15 15 r
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(vi) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.
Now,
3n
x 1x 2
r
3n 3nr 1
Tr 1 Cr x 2
x
(1) r 3nCr x 3n r 2 r
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
3n 3r 0
r n
Hence, the required term is the n 1 th term.
Now, we have
(1)n 3nCn
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(ix) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.
Now,
18
3 1
x 3
2 x
r
1
Tr 1 18Cr ( x1/3 )18 r 1/3
2x
1 183 r 3r
18Cr x
2r
For this term to be independent of r , we must have
18 r r
0
3 3
18 2r 0
r 9
The term is
18 1
C9
29
2 3x
r 36 r r
1 6Cr 6 r x12 2 r r
2
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
12 3r 0
r4
Hence, the required term is the 4th term.
6 36 4 4
C4
26 4
65
2 1 4 9
5
12
Question 17.
Answer :
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Given :
(1 x)18
We know that the coefficient of the rth term in the expansion of (1 x)n is nCr 1
Therefore, the coefficients of the 2r 4 th and r 2 th terms in the given
expansion are 18C2 r 41 and 18Cr 21
For these coefficients to be equal , we must have
18
C2 r 3 18Cr 3
2r 3 r 3 or , 2r 3 r 3 18 nCr nCs r s or r s n
r 6 or , r 6
Neglecting negative value We get
r 6
Question 18.
Answer :
Given : (1 x) 43
We know that the coefficient of the rth term in the expansion of (1 x) n is nCr 1
Therefore, the coefficients of the 2r 1 th and r 2 th terms in the given expression are
43
C2 r 11 and 43Cr 2 1
For these coefficients to be equal , we must have :
Cr Cs r s or r s n
n n
2r r 1 or , 2r r 1 43
r 14 for r 1 it gives the same term
Question 19.
Answer :
Question 20.
Solution:
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Given :
2n
1
x
x
Suppose the term independent of x is the r 1 th term.
1
Tr 1 2 nCr x 2 n r r
x
2n 2 n2 r
Cr x
For this term to be independent of x, we must have :
2n 2r 0
nr
2n
Required coefficient Cn
2n !
(n !)2
1·3·5... 2n 3 2n 12·4·6... 2n 2 2n
(n !)2
1·3·5... 2n 3 2n 1 2 n
n!
Question 21.
Solution:
Coefficients of the 5th, 6th and 7th terms in the given expansion are nC4 , nC5 and nC6
These coefficients are in AP.
Thus, we have
2 nC5 nC4 nC6
On dividing both sides by nC5 , we get :
n
C4 nC6
2 n
C5 nC5
5 n 5
2
n4 6
12n 48 30 n 2 4n 5n 20
n 2 21n 98 0
n 14 n 7 0
n 7 or 14
Question 22.
Solution:
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Given :
(1 x)2 n
Thus, we have :
T2 T11
2 nC1 x1
T3 T21
2 n C2 x 2
T4 T31
2 nC3 x 3
We have coefficients of the 2nd , 3rd and 4th terms in AP.
2 2 nC2 2 nC1 2 nC3
2n
C1 2 nC3
2 2n
C2 2 nC2
2 2n 2
2
2n 1 3
12n 6 6 4n 2 4n 2n 2
4n 2 18n 14 0
2n 2 9n 7 0
Hence proved.
Question 23.
Solution:
n
C1 , nC2 and nC3
We have :
2 nC2 nC1 nC3
Dividing both sides by nC2 , we get :
n
C1 nC3
2 n
C2 n C2
2 n2
2
n 1 3
6n 6 6 n2 2 3n
n 2 9n 14 0
n 7 n 2 as 2 3 in the 4th term
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Question 24.
Solution:
Coefficients of the pth and qth terms are nC p 1 and nCq 1 respectively.
Thus, we have :
n
C p 1 nCq 1
p 1 q 1 or , p 1 q 1 n nCr n Cs r s or , r s n
p q or , p q n 2
Question 25.
Solution:
(3 ax)9
9C0 .39. (ax)0 9C1 .38. (ax)1 9C2 .37. (ax) 2 9C3 .36. (ax)3 ...
9
C2 37 a 2 9C3 36 a 3
9
C2
a 9
3
C3
9!3!6! 3
2! 7!9!
9
7
Hence proved
Question 26.
Solution:
(1 2a ) 4 (2 a )5
[ 4C0 (2a )0 4C1 (2a )1 4C2 (2a )2 4C3 (2a )3 4C4 2a )4
[ 5C0 (2)5 (a )0 5C1 (2)4 ( a )1 5C2 (2)3 ( a )2 5C3 (2) 2 (a )3 5C4 (2)1 (a ) 4 5C5 2)0 ( a )5
1 8a 24a 2 32a 3 16a 4 32 80a 80a 2 40a3 10a 4 a5
Coefficient of a 4 10 320 1920 2560 512 438
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Question 27.
Solution:
Question 28.
Solution:
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Suppose r th , r 1 th and (r 2)th terms are the three consecutive terms.
Their respective coefficients are nCr 1 , nCr and nCr 1.
We have :
n
Cr 1 nCr 1 56
r 1 r 1 n If nCr nCs r s or r s n
2r n
n
r
2
Now,
n
C n 70 and nC n
56
2 1
2
n
C n
1 56
2
n
Cn 70
2
n
2 8
n 10
1
2
5n 4n 8
n8
n
So, r 4
2
Thus, the required terms are 4th, 5th and 6th.
Question 29.
Solution:
We have :
( x a)n
The 3rd , 4th, 5th and 6th terms are nC2 x n 2 a 2 , nC3 x n 3 a 3 , nC4 x n 4 a 4 and nC5 x n5 a 5 , respectively.
Now,
n
C2 x n 2 a 2 a
n
C3 x n 3 a 3 b
n
C4 x n 4 a 4 c
n
C5 x n 5 a 5 d
b 2 ac
LHS
c 2 bd
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Question 30.
Solution:
Question 31.
Solution:
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Suppose r , r 1 and r 2 are three consecutive terms in the given expansion.
The coefficients of these terms are nCr 1 , nCr and nCr 1.
According to the question,
n
Cr 1 76
n
Cr 95
n
Cr 1 76
nCr 1 nCr 1
n n
r 1 r 1 n If Cr Cs r s or r s n
n
r
2
n
Cr 95
n
Cr 1 76
n r 1 95
r 76
n
1
95
2
n 76
2
95n
38n 76
2
19n
76
2
n8
Question 32.
Solution:
The 6th, 7th and 8th terms in the expansion of ( x a) n are nC5 x n 5 a5 , nC6 x n 6 a 6
and nC7 x n 7 a 7 .
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According to the question,
n
C5 x n5 a 5 112
n
C6 x n 6 a 6 7
n 1
C7 x n 7 a 7
4
Now,
n
C6 x n 6 a 6 7
n n 5 5
C5 x a 112
n 6 1 1 1
x a
6 16
a 3
... 1
x 8n 40
Also,
n
C7 x n 7 a 7 1/ 4
n
C6 x n 6 a 6 7
n 7 1 1 1
x a
7 28
a 1
... 2
x 4n 24
Question 33.
Solution:
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n
In the expansion of x a , the 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms are nC1 x n1 a1 , nC2 x n 2 a 2 and nC3 x n3 a3 , respecti
According to the question,
n
C1 x n 1 a1 240
n
C2 x n 2 a 2 720
n
C3 x n3 a 3 1080
n
C2 x n 2 a 2 720
n
C1 x n1 a1 240
n 1
a 3
2x
a 6
... 1
x n 1
Also,
n
C3 x n3 a 3 1080
n
C2 x n 2 a 2 720
n2 3
a
3x 2
a 9
... 2
x 2n 4
Using 1 and 2 we get
6 9
n 1 2n 4
n5
Putting in eqn 1 we get
2a 3 x
3
Now, 5C1 x 51 x 240
2
5
15 x 480
x 5 32
x2
By putting the value of x and n in 1 we get
a 3
Question 34.
Solution:
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We have :
T1 729, T2 7290 and T3 30375
Now,
n
C0 a n b0 729
a n 729
a n 36
n
C1 a n 1 b1 7290
n
C2 a n 2 b 2 30375
Also,
n
C2 a n 2 b 2 30375
n
C1 a n1 b1 7290
n 1 b 25
... i
2 a 6
n 1 b 25
a 3
And ,
n
C1 a n 1 b1 7290
n
C0 a n b 0 729
nb 10
... ii
a 1
On dividing ii by i , we get
nb
a 10 3
n 1 b 25
a
n 6
n 1 5
n 6
Since, a 6 36
Hence, a 3
nb
Now, 10
a
b5
Question 36:
Solution:
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1 n
1
In the binomial expansion of y 2 x 3 , there are (n + 1) terms.
1 n
1
The third term from the end in the expansion of y 2 x 3 , is the third term from the
n
13 1
beginning in the n expansion of x y 2 .
The binomial coefficient of the third term from the end = n C2
If is given that the binomial coefficient of the third term from the end is 45.
nC2 45
n n 1
45
2
n 2 n 90 0
n 10 n 9 0
n 10 n cannot be negative
8 1 1 n
p 2
Let T6 be the sixth term in the binomial expansion of 2 y x 3 . Then
2
n 5 5
n 1 13 10 5 5
2 3
5 5
2 3
T6 C5 y 2 x
C5 y x 252 y x .
1 n 5 5
1
Hence, the sixth term in the expansion of y 2 x 3 is 252 y 2 x 3 .
Question 37:
Solution:
8 th
p 8
In the binomial expansion of 2 , we observe that 1 i.e., 5th term is the
2 2
middle term.
It is given that the middle term is 1120.
T5 1120
8 4
p 4
8 C4 2 1120
2
4
p 16
p 2
Hence, the real values of p is 2 .
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Question 38:
Solution:
n
1 th
In the binomial expansion of 3 2 3 , n 1 7 1 i.e., (n-5)th term from the
3
th
beginning is 7 term from the end.
Now,
6 n
n6 1 n 2 1
T7 n C6
3
2 3
3
C6 2 3
2
3
z And ,
n6
1
6 1
n
Tn 5 Cn 6
3
2 3
3
n C6 2 2 n
2
3
3
It is given that,
T7 1
Tn5 6
n
n 1
2
C6 2 3
32 1
n 1 6
C6 2 2 n
2
33
n n
2 2 2 2 1
23 33
6
n
4
1 3 1
6 6
n
4 1
3
n9
Hence, the value of n is 9.
Question 39:
Solution:
n
1 th
In the binomial expansion of 3 2 3 , n 1 7 1 i.e., (n-5)th term from the
3
th
beginning is 7 term from the end.
Now,
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6 n
n 6 1 n 2 1
n
T7 C6 23
3
3
C 6 2 3
2
3
And ,
n 6
6 1 1
Tn 5 n Cn 6 3
2 3
3
n C6 2 2 n
2
3
3
It is given that,
T7 Tn 5
n
2 1 n 1
n C6 2 3 2
C6 22 n
3 2
33
n
2
23 32
2 n
2 2
33
n
2
6 3 62
n
2 2
3
n 12
Hence, the value of n is 12.
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Exercise – VSA
Page Number:18.45
Question 1:
Solution:
n
Number of terms in the expansion ( x y )n ( x y )n where n is even 1
2
Thus, we have :
10
Number of terms in the given expansion 1 6
2
Question 2:
Solution:
Question 3:
Solution:
Question 4:
Solution:
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Here, n, i.e., 10, is an even number.
10
Middle term 1 th term 6th term
2
Thus, we have :
T6 T51
10 5 5
10 2 x2 3
C5 2
3 2x
10 9 8 7 6 25 35
5 5
5 4 3 2 3 2
252
Question 5:
Solution:
Question 6:
Solution:
Question 7:
Solution:
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Coefficient of x n in the expansion (1 x) 2 n 2n
C an
n 2 n 1 2 n 1
Coefficient of x in the expansion (1 x) Cn b
Now, we have :
2n 2n ! 2n 2n 1 !
Cn ... 1
n !. n ! n n 1 ! n !
2 n 1 2n 1! ... 2
and Cn
n ! n 1 !
Dividing equation 1 by 2 , we get
2n
C 2n 2n 1 ! n ! n 1 !
2 n 1 n
Cn n n 1 ! n ! 2n 1 !
a
2
b
a 2b
Question 8.
Solution:
Question 9.
Solution:
Here,
a 1 3 10 8 23
b 11 2
a b3
Question 10.
Solution:
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Here, n, i.e., 2n, is an even number.
2n
Middle term 1 th term n 1 th term
2
Thus, we have :
2nn n
Tn 1 2 n Cn 1 x
2 n Cn x n
Hence, the coefficient of the middle term is 2 nCn
Question 11:
Solution:
n
Question 12:
Solution:
2 n 1
1 x
Here, n is an odd number.
th th
2n 1 1 2n 1 1
Therefore, the middle terms are and 1 , i.e., n th and (n 1)th terms.
2 2
Now, we have
Tn Tn 11
2 n 1 n 1
Cn 1 x
And ,
Tn 1 Tn1
2 n 1 n
Cn x
the coefficients of two middle terms are 2 n 1Cn1 and 2 n 1
Cn .
2 n 1 2 n 1 2n
Now, Cn 1 Cn Cn
Question 13:
Solution:
pq
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pq p q
Coefficients of xq in the expansion of
1 x Cp
is .
Now,
p q !
p q
Cp p !q !
1
p q
Cq p q !
q! p!
pq
Hence, the ratio of the coefficients of xp and xq in the expansion of 1 x is 1:1.
Question 14:
Solution:
200
3400 9
200
10 1
200 199 1 2 198 1 199 200
200 C0 10 200 C1 10
1 ..... 200 C198 10 1 200 C199 10 1 200 C200 1
198 197 1 198 1 199 200
100 10 200 C1 10 1 ..... 200 C198 1 200 10 1 1
198 197
100 10 200 C1 10 ..... 200 C198 2 10 1
100 a natural number 1
Question 15:
Solution:
We have,
n n
a b c a b c
1 2 n
a n n C1 a n 1 b c n C2 a n 2 b c ... n Cn b c
Further, expanding each term of R.H.S., we note that First term consists of 1 term.
Second term on simplification gives 2 terms. Third term on expansion gives 3 terms.
Similarly, fourth term on expansion gives 4 terms and so on.
Question 16:
Solution:
2n
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Now,
2n
a C
2 n 1 n
b Cn
2n !
n !n !
n 1!
2
n ! n 1 !
2n
n
2
a
Hence, 2
b
Question 17:
Solution:
The total number of terms are 101 of which 50 terms get cancelled.
100 100
Q18:
Solution:
Putting x = 1 and – 1 in
2 n
1 x x a0 a1 x a2 x 2 ... a2 n x 2 n
We get,
1 a0 a1 a2 ... a2 n ... 1
And
3n a0 a1 a2 ... a2 n ... 2
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Exercise :Multiple Choice Questions
Questions 1.
Solution:
(c) 9
Coefficients of the rth and r 4 th terms in the given expansion are 20Cr 1 and 20Cr 3 .
Here,
20
Cr 1 20Cr 3
r 1 r 3 20 if nCx n C y x y or x y n
r 2 or 2r 18
r 9
Questions 2.
Solution:
(d) 7920
Questions 3.
Solution:
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(c) 9
r 1
12 2 12 r 1 1
rth term in the given expansion is Cr 1 (2 x )
x
(1)r 1 12Cr 1 213 r x 26 2 r r 1
For this term to be independent of x, we must have :
27 3r 0
r 9
Hence, the 9th term in the expansion is independent of x.
Questions 4.
Solution:
(c) n = 5
Coefficients of the 2nd and 3rd terms in (a b) n are nC1 and nC2
Coefficients of the 3rd and 4th terms in (a b)n 3 are n 3C2 and n 3C3
Thus, we have
n n 3
C1 C2
n
n 3
C2 C3
2 3
n 1 n 1
2n 2 3n 3
n5
Questions 5.
Solution:
(d) 4AB
If A and B denote respectively the sums of odd terms and even terms in the expansion ( x a) n
Then , ( x a ) n A B ... 1
( x a)n A B ... 2
Squaring and subtraction equation 2 from 1 we get
2 2
( x a)2 n ( x a)2 n A B A B
( x a)2 n ( x a) 2 n 4 AB
Questions 6.
Solution:
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(c) 41
Questions 7.
Solution:
(b) -1365
Suppose the r 1 th term in the given expansion contains the coefficient of x 17 .
Then, we have :
r
1
Tr 1 15Cr ( x 4 )15 r 3
x
(1) Cr x 60 4 r 3r
r 15
Questions 8.
Solution:
28
(c)
243
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Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expansion is independent of x.
Then , we have:
r
1
Tr 1 9Cr ( x 2 )9 r
3x
1
(1)r 9Cr r x18 2 r r
3
For this term to be independent of x, we must have :
18 3r 0
r 6
1 98 7 1 28
Required term (1)6 9C6 6
6
3 3 2 3 243
Questions 9.
Solution:
(a) 5
Coefficients of 2r 3 th and r 1 th terms in the given expansion are 15C2 r 2 and 15Cr 2.
Thus, we have
15
C2 r 2 15Cr 2
2r 2 r 2 or 2r 2 r 2 15 if nCx n C y x y or x y n
r 4 or r 5
Neglecting the negative value, We have
r 5
Questions 10.
Solution:
(b) 252
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Questions 11.
Solution:
(c) r = 12
Here,
r 1
1
Tr 15Cr 1 ( x 4 )15 r 1 3
x
r 15 64 4 r 3 r 3
(1) Cr 1 x
For this term to contain x 17 , we must have :
67 7r 17
r 12
Questions 12.
Solution:
(b) T4
Questions 13.
Solution:
(b) 7, 14
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Coefficients of the 5th, 6th and 7th terms in the given expansion are nC4 , nC5 and nC6
These coefficients are in AP.
Thus, we have
2 nC5 nC4 nC6
On dividing both sides by nC5 , we get :
n
C4 nC6
2 n
C5 nC5
5 n 5
2
n4 6
12n 48 30 n 2 4n 5n 20
n 2 21n 98 0
n 14 n 7 0
n 7 and 14
Questions 14.
Solution:
(b) T6
Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expansion is independent of x.
Thus, we have:
8 r
1
Tr 1 Cr x1/3
8
( x 1/5 ) r
2
8 r r
1
8Cr 8 r
x 3 5
2
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
8r r
0
3 5
40 5r 3r 0
r 5
Hence, the required term is the 6th term, i.e. T6
Questions 15.
Solution:
(a) A2 B 2
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If A and B denote respectively the sums of odd terms and even terms in the expansion ( x a) n
Then , ( x a) n A B ... 1
( x a)n A B ... 2
Multplying both the equations we get
( x a ) n ( x a ) n A2 B 2
( x 2 a 2 ) n A2 B 2
Questions 16.
Solution:
(a) 3
Questions 17.
Solution:
405
(a)
256
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Suppose x 4 occurs at the r 1 th term in the given expansion.
Then, we have
r
x 3
Tr 1 10Cr ( )10 r 2
2 2x
3r 10 r 2 r
(1)r 10Cr x
210 r
For this term to contain x 4 , we must have :
10 3r 4
r2
32 10 9 9 405
Required coefficient 10C2
28 2 28 256
Questions 18.
Solution:
(b) 51
Here, n, i.e., 100, is even.
n 100
∴ Total number of terms in the expansion = 1 1 51
2 2
Questions 19.
Solution:
(c) 5
In the expansion (a b) n , we have
n
T2 C a n1 b1
n 1 n2 2
T3 C2 a b
In the expansion (a b) n 3 , we have
n3
T3 C2 a n1 b 2
n 3
T4 C3 a n b3
Thus, we have
T2 T3
T3 T4
n n 3
C1 a C2 a
n
n 3
C2 b C3 b
2 3
n 1 n 1
2n 2 3n 3
n5
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Questions 20.
Solution:
(b)
2n !
n 1 ! n 1 !
n
1 1 1
Coefficient of in the given expansion Coefficient of 1 in (1 x) n Coefficient of in 1 Coeffic
ient o
x x x
nC0 nC1 nC1 nC2
n!
n n
2 n 2!
n n 1
nn
2
2n !
n 1 ! n 1 !
Questions 21.
Solution:
(a) 1120
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Questions 22.
Solution:
(c) 10
T5 T41
nC4 (a 2/3 ) n 4 (a 1 )4
2 n 8
4
n C4 a 3
Questions 23:
Solution:
(d) 330 m 7
Let x 3 occur at r 1 th term in the given expansion.
Then, we have
r
11 m
11 r
Tr 1 Cr x
x
(1)r 11Cr m r x11 r r
For this term to contain x 3 , we must have
11 2r 3
r 7
Required coefficient (1)7 11C7 m 7
11 10 9 8 7
m
4 3 2
330 m7
Questions 24.
(a)
Solution:
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14!
(c) 2
a 7 b7
7!
Questions 25.
Solution:
(c 31 C6 21 C6
21 22 30
We have 1 x 1 x ... 1 x
21
1 x 10 1
1 x
1 x 1
1 31 21
1 x 1 x
x
1 31 21
Coefficient of x 5 in the given expansion Coefficient of x 5 in
1 x 1 x
x
31 21
Coefficient of x in 1 x 1 x
6
31 21
C6 C6
Questions 26.
Solution:
18
(a) C8
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Suppose the r 1 th term in the given expansion contains x8 y10 .
Then, we have
Tr 1 18Cr x18 r y r
For the coefficient of x8 y10 We have
r 10
Hence, the required coefficient is 18C10 or 18C8
Questions 27.
Solution:
(c) 9
Coefficient of n 1 th term Coefficient of n 3 th
We have :
20
Cn 20Cn 2
2n 2 20 if nCx n C y x y or x y n
n9
Questions 28.
Solution:
(a) 7
Coefficients of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in the given expansion are:
n
C1 , nC2 and nC3
We have :
2 nC2 nC1 nC3
Dividing both sides by nC2 , we get :
n
C1 nC3
2 n
C2 n C2
2 n2
2
n 1 3
6n 6 6 n 2 2 3n
n 2 9n 14 0
n 7 n 2 as 2 3 in the 4th term
Questions 29.
Solution:
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n 2n
(b) 1 Cn x n
Here, n is even
2n
Middle term in the given expansion 1 th n 1 th term
2
2 n n n
2n 2x 3
Cn 2
3 2x
n 2n n
(1) Cn x
Questions 30.
Solution:
13
1
T14 20C13 ( x 2 ) 2013
2x
1413
13 x
1 20C13 13
2
20 13
C7 x 2
Questions 31.
Solution:
(d) 101
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Questions 32.
Solution:
(c) −252
Questions 33.
Solution:
9
(d)
7
Coefficients of x2= Coefficients of x3
9
C2 39 2 a 2 9C3 393 a3
9
C2
a 9
3
C3
9!3!6! 3
2! 7!9!
9
7
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