An Introduction To Organic Chemistry: Test Yourself 21.1 (Page 414)
An Introduction To Organic Chemistry: Test Yourself 21.1 (Page 414)
Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 21
2. Yes they do. Both contain the hydroxyl and carboxylic groups.
1. Fractional distillation. Petroleum contains a mixture of hydrocarbons with different boiling points.
Fractional distillation thus separates the mixture by the use of a fractionating column. Smaller
fractions contain smaller hydrocarbons (less carbon atoms) and have lower boiling points. These are
thus collected at the top of the fractionating column. Heavier fractions contain bigger hydrocarbons
(more carbon atoms) and have higher boiling points. These are thus collected at the bottom of the
fractionating column.
1. Aluminium is lighter than steel. Thus, cars made of aluminium consume less petrol.
2. (a) Petroleum is used both as a fuel and also as chemical feedstock for the manufacture of
chemicals. However, the supply of petroleum is limited, so the two uses are said to compete for
this limited supply.
(b) We could cut down on the use of petroleum by reducing the number of motor vehicles on the
road or use alternative sources of energy like biofuel.
(a) False. Organic compounds in the same homologous series have similar chemical but different
physical properties.
(b) True
(c) False. Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons that boils over a range of temperatures.
(d) False. Petroleum gas is not natural gas.
(e) True
(f) True
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. A
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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 23
1. (a) Petroleum gas (most volatile) → naphtha → kerosene → diesel oil → bitumen (least volatile)
(b) (i) Bitumen
(ii) Petroleum gas
(iii) Naphtha
2. (a) (i)
Element C H
Percentage by mass/% 82.8 17.2
Relative atomic mass 12 1
Number of moles/mol 82.8 17.2
= 6.9 = 17.2
12 1
Mole ratio 6.9 17.2
=1 = 2.5
6.9 6.9
Therefore, the empirical formula of Q is C2H5.
(ii) x = 4
Molecular formula of Q = C4H10
Thus, Q would be found in petroleum gas.
(b) (i) They have the same functional group, –SH.
(ii) Ethanethiol
(iii) H H H
| | |
H–C–C–C–S–H
| | |
H H H
Propanethiol
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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 23
(a) Leakages during transportation by tankers/pipelines; leakages when crude oil is extracted from oil
wells
(b) Some points for discussion:
21.3