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( Reaffirmed 2002 )
(Reaffirmed!2012)!
(Reaffirmed 2018)
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IS : 228 ( Part 2 ) - 1987

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS
PART 2 DETERMINATION OF MANGANESE IN
PLAIN·CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS
BY ARSENITE METHOD

( Third Revision)

Methods of Chemical Analysis of Ferrous Metals

Sectional C ommittee, S:\lDC 2
Chairman Representing
DR C. S. P. IYER Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay

MlmberJ
SHRI G . M. ApP.'\lUO Steel Al·thority of India Ltd ( Bhilai Steel Plant l,
Bhilai
SaRI R . D. AGARWAL (Alt,rnatt)
SHRI S. V. BHAGWAT Khandclwal Ferro Alloys Ltd, Nagpur
SaRI D. N. GUPTA ( Allernat,)
SURI P. CHAKRA Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd, Koraput
CH EMIST & METALLURGIST Ministry of Trl'nsport ( Department of Railways)
ASSISTANT RESEARCH OFFICER
(MET-2) RDSO, LUCKNOW
( AII,rnale )
CHIEF CHEMIST Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd,lamshedpur
ASSISTANT CHIEF CHEMIST ( Alttrnat, )
SHRI M . K. CHAKRAVARTY Ministry of Defence (DG!)
SHRI P. K. SEN (Alternate)
DR M . M. CHAKRABORTY Indian Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur
SUR I M . S. CHATTERJEE ( Allernall)
SHRI C. K . DIKSJUT Ordnance Factory Board ( Ministry of Defence ),
Calcutta
Sum S. N. MOITRA ( Altmull,)
SURI V . B. KHAlfNA Directorate General of Supplies & Dispo3als,
New Delhi
SHRIJ. N . MUKHERJEE Steel Authority of India Ltd (Durgapur Steel
Plant ), Durgapur
( Conlinued on ~al' 2 )

C C4pyright 1987
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Acl (XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any meanJ except with written permit.ion of the
publither .hall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Ac:t.
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IS : 228 ( Part 2) - 1987
( Continued from pal' I )

Members Representing
SHRl P. NARAIN Mahindra Ugine Steel Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI G. R. SARMA (Alt,rnate)
SURI N. P. PANDA St"el Authority of India Ltd (Rourkel. Steel
Plant), Rourkela
SBRI B. MABAPATRA ( Allernat,)
DR L. P. PANDEY National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR),
Jamlhedpur
DR D. C. PRASHAR National Physical Laboratory (CSIR I,
New Delhi
SHRI J. RAI ( Allernate )
SUBI G. RAJARAG Ferro Alloys Corporation Ltd, Shreeramnagar
SURIK.RAMAKR~BNAN Essen & Co, Bangalore
DR J. RAJ ARUI (Alternate)
SURI A. P. SINHA Steel Authority of India Ltd (Bokaro Steel
Plant), Bokaro
SHRI K. ANNlAli ( Alternat' )
SHRI N. V. SUBBARAYAPPA Visvelvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd, Bhadravati
DR P. SUBRAUMANiAM Defence Metallurgical Relearch Labor .. tory,
Hyderabad
SURI T. H. RAG ( Alternal, )
DR CB. VENKATESWARLU Bhabha Atomic Relearch Centre, Bombay
SUBI K. RAGliAVENDRAN, Director General, BIS (Ex-officio M,mber)
Director ( Struc & Met)
Secretar}
SHRI M. L. SHARMA
A~si.tant Director ( Metals), BIS

Ferrous Metals Analysis Subcommittee, SMDC 2 : 3

Conumer
DR C. S. P. hER Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay

Memll,rs
SBRI S. BASKARAN Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Hyderabad
SURI MATA SARAN (Alternate I)
SHRI B. RAHA ( Alternale I I )
SURI U. P. BOBE Steel Authority of India LId (Bhilai Steel Plant),
Bhilai
SURI E. M. VERGUESE ( Alternale )
CHIEF CHEMIST Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd,lamshedpur
ASSIS'rANT CHIEF CHBMIST ( Alt,rnate )
DR M. M. CHAKRABORTY Indian Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur
SHRI L. N. DAB ( AII"nal, )
SURI H. K. DAS Steel Authority of India Ltd (l<.ourkela Steel
Plant), Rourkela
SURI K. BIBUNOI ( Alternate)
SHBI A. K. GUPTA National Physical Laboratory (CSIR ),
New Delhi

( Continu,d .n pag' 8 )

2
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IS : 228 ( Part 2 ) • 1987

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS
PART 2 DETERMINATION OF MANGANESE IN
PLAIN-CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS
BY ARSENITE METHOD

(Third Revision)
o. FOR E W 0 R 0
0.1 This Indian Standard (Part 2) (Third Revision) was adopted by
the Indian Standards Institution on 16 January 1987, after the draft
finalized by the Methods of Chemical Analysis of Ferrous Metals
Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and Metals
Division Council.
0.2 IS : 228, which was issued as a tentative standard in 1952, and
revised in 1959, covered the chemical analysis of pig iron, cast iron and
plain carbon and low alloy steels. For the convenience it was decided
to publish a comprehensive series on chemical analysis of steels
including high alloy steels. Accordingly, revision of IS: 228 ·was
taken-up again and new series on methods of chemical analysis of steels
including high alloy steels was published in various parts as IS : 228
(Parts I to 13) (see Appendix A) covering separate method of analysis
for each constituent in steels. However, IS: 228-1959* version has
been retained for the analysis of pig Iron and cast iron till a separate
standard for analysis of pig iron and cast iron is published.
0.2.1 This revision of IS : 228 (Part 2 )-1972t has been undertaken
on the basis of experience gained during the implementation of the
standard by the manufacturers and testing laboratories.
0.3 In this revision major modifications are:
a) modification of method for dissolution of low alloy steels, and

-Methods of chemical analysis of pi~ iron, cast iron and plain carbon and low-alloy
steels ( rewed).
tMethods for chemical analysis of Itel'll: Part 2 Determination of manganese in
plain·carbon and low alloy .teels by arsenite method ( secDnd reuision ).
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IS : 228 ( Part 2 ) - 1987

b) inclusion of reproducibility of the method at the vanous

levels of manganese content.

0.4 Photometric method for determination of manganese up

to 2 percent has been covered in IS : 228 (Part 12 )-1976"'.

0.5 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance

with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be
rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960t.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 2) covers method for the determination of
manganese in plain carbon and low alloy steels by arsenite method.

2. SAMPLING
2.1 The sampl~s shall be drawn and prepared as prescribed in the
relevant Indian Standard.

3. QUALITY OF REAGENTS
3.1 Unless specified otherwise, analytical grade reagents and distilled
water ( see IS : 1070-1977 )t shall be employed in the test.

4. DETERMINATION OF MANGANESE (0'1 TO 1'5 PERCENT)

IN PLAIN CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS BY THE
ARSENITE METHOD (IN ABSENCE OF TUNGSTEN)
4.1 Outline of the Method - Manganese is oxidized, in presence of
silver nitrate, to permanganic acid by ammonium persulphate and
titrated with sodium arsenite solution.

4.2 Reagents
4.2.1 DiLule Nitric Acid
4.2.2 Phosphoric Acid - 85 percent.
4.2.3 Dilute Sulphuric Acid-I: 4 (c fd.

• M. ,thod, for dIPmical an"l) sis of ste .. !.: Part I ~ O .. t, rminalion of manganese by
pel iodate (photometric) III~thlJd in low and high alloy steels (for manganele up
to ~ percent) (ucand revision),
' Rule. for rounding off numerical vaill f . (,uiJCd),
~Sp , 'c i'ication for watPT fnr ~~n r r a J la horatory use ( s(c~nti 'fl'iJian ) .
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IS : 228 ( Part 2 ) • 1987

4.2.4 Concentrated Nitric Acid - Relative density }'42 (conforming to
IS: 264-1976·).

4.2.5 Ammonium Persulphate Solution ~ Freshly prepared, 10 percent

(m/v).

4.2.6 Silver Nitrate Solution - 1 percent (m/v).

4.2.1 Sodium Chloride Solution - 1 percent (m/v).

4.2.8 Standard Sodium Arsenite Solution - Take) '6 g of arsenious oxide

in a 800-ml beaker. Add 10 g of sodium carbonate and 500 ml of
water in the beaker and heat at low temperature until the solution is
complet e . Filter the solution through a filter pad in a bottle and
. make up the volum e of the solution to 2 litres by addition of water.
Shake the bottle vigorously. Standardize the arsenite solution as
in 4.3 against 0'2 g of steel sample (having approximately similar
composition as the sample under test) of known manganese content.

4.2.8.1 Adjust the strength of the sodium arsenite solution in such

a way that each millilitre of the solution will be equivalent
tn O"J pelC(,nt mang a nese when 0'2 g of sample is taken.

4.3 Procedure

4.3.1 Dissolution

4.3.1.1 Plain carbon steel- T a ke 0'2 g of an accurately weighed

sample in a 2S0-ml conical flask . Add 10 ml of dilute nitric acid
and 3 to 4 ml of phosphoric acid, and heat to dissolve the sample, boil
to expel oxides of nitrogen and dilute to 100 ml.

4.3.1.2 Low aUtry steel- Take 0 ' 2 g of an accurately weighed

sa mpl e in a 250-rnl conical flask. Add 20 ml sulphuric acid and 2-3 ml
of phosphoric acid. Heat until the reaction ceases. Add concentrated
nitric acid drop by drop until the dissolution is complete, boil off
nitrous fumes and dilute to 100 011 with water.

4.3.2 Add 20 ml of ammonium persulphate solution and boil. After

lCw minutes of boiling, when the so lution becomes clear, add 10 ml of
~i1ver nitrate and allow the colour of permanganic acid 10 develop.
Boil to de~troy the excess of persulphate. Cool quickly to room
I ('rn pera tun'.

·Spccification for nitric acid ( Juolld reviJion).

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IS : 228 ( Part 2 ) ~ 1987

•• 3.3 Add 10 ml of sodium chloride solution to precipitate silver

chloride. Titrate rapidly the permanganic acid with standard sodium
arsenite solution until the pink colour is discharged.

5. CALCULATION
5.1 Calculate the manganese content of the steel as follows:

M anganese, percent Ax B x
= ---- 100
C
where
A = volume of standard sodium arsenite solution used for
titration,
B = maganese equivalent of standard sodium arsenite
solution in glml, and
C .... mass in g of sample.

5.2 Reproducibility
a) ±0'01 percent for manganese content below O'O€ percent,
b) ±0'02 percent for manganese content between 0'06 to
1 percent, and
c) ±0'03 percent for manganese above I percent.

APPENDIX A
( Clause 0.2 )
IS : 228 Methods for chemical analysis of steels:
(Part 1 )-1972 Determination of carbon by volumetric method
( for carbnn "> 0 ' 1 percent) ( second revision)
( Part 2 )-1972 Determination of manganese in plain carbon and
low alloy steels by arsenite method ( second revision)
( Part 3 )-1972 Determination of phosphorus by alkalimetric method
( second revision)
( Part 4 )-1974 Deter'mination of carbon by gravimetric method
( for carbon> 0'1 percent) ( second revision)

6
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IS : 228 ( Part 2 ) • 1987
(Part 5 )-1974 Determination of nickel by dimethYIglyoxime
( gravimetric) method (for nickel >
O· 5 percent) (second
revision)
(Part 6 )-1974 Determination of chromium by persulphate
oxidation method (for chromium >
0·5 percent) (second
revision)
( Part 7 )-1974 Determination of molybdenum by «-benzoinoxime
method ( for molybdenum> 1 percent) (second revision)
( Part 8 )-1975 Determination of silicon by the gravimetric method
( for silicon:;;' 0·1 percent) ( second revision)
(Part 9 )-1975 Determination of sulphur in plain carhon steels by
evolution method (second revision)
(Parr 10 )-1976 Determination of molybdenum by thiocyanate
( photometric) method (for molybdenum up to 1 percent)
in low and high alloy steels (second revision)
( Part II )-1976 Determination of silicon by photometric method in
carbon steels and Jow alloy steels ( for silicon 0·01 to 0·05
percent) ( second revision)
(Part 12 )-1976 Determination of manganese by period ate
( photometric) method in low and high alloy steels (for
manganese up to 2 percent) (second revision)
(Part 13 )-1982 Determination of arsenic

7
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IS : 228 ( Part 2 ) • 1987
( C.ratiftlml frttm ~/Jfe 2 )

Mnnbers Representinf
SHRI J. M UEBERJEE Steel Authority of India Ltd (Durgapur Steel
Plant ), Durgapur
SJIRI P. K. BANERJEE ( Alttrnate )
SHRI P.NARAIN Mahindra Ugine Steel Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI G. R. SARMA ( Alternate)
SURl R. S. NATH Steel Authoritv of India Ltd (Bokaro Steel
Plant), Bokaro
S.lIIH N. GUNDAPPA (Alternate)
DR L. P. PANDEY National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR),
Jamshpdpur
SHBI G.RAMDAB Vis\'c»varaya Iron & Steel Ltd, Bhadravati
SHRI R.
D. VANDRIWAI.LA ltalab Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI J.
C . DEY (.Alt""ate)
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