This study discuss women’s perspective in two different literary from two different country. For the data, the author take Ratna’s short story Baju and Mansfield’s Bliss. Two story has been created by woman author which show their perspective about women.
This study discuss women’s perspective in two different literary from two different country. For the data, the author take Ratna’s short story Baju and Mansfield’s Bliss. Two story has been created by woman author which show their perspective about women.
This study discuss women’s perspective in two different literary from two different country. For the data, the author take Ratna’s short story Baju and Mansfield’s Bliss. Two story has been created by woman author which show their perspective about women.
Women’s Perspective in Ratna Indaraswati Ibrahim’s BAJU and Katherine
Mansfield’s BLISS Short Story: Gynocriticism
Afiatul Maftuhah 170511100075 Advisor: Dr. Masduki, M.pd Abstract This study discuss women’s perspective in two different literary from two different country. For the data, the author take Ratna’s short story Baju and Mansfield’s Bliss. Two story has been created by woman author which show their perspective about women. The methodology that author used is compare the two story in imagery, symbol, theme and genre. From the study conclude that in Ratna’s Baju the main character was struggle for her pride and right while contrast with manfield’s Bliss where the main character caged with norm. Keywords: women’s perspective, comparative study, women author Introduction Literature is viewed as the windows of world cultures. It has the duty as the agent of history that captures the world’s story into a series of beautiful diction. Those stories are connected by the mutual link connecting each other as the symptoms of world vision. With literature, people can learn any culture from whole the world. To express the vision of the world through the resulting literary works, comparative studies are needed as studies that describe the interrelationship between two or more literary works that reveal the symptoms of an international movement that directs us to uncover the vision of the world through various kinds of literature. (Weisstein, 1973: 5) Comparative literature, originally meant the comparison of literary works from more than one national-linguistic tradition, is the study of common features in the literature, cinema, and other forms of cultural production across national and regional boundaries, from an intercultural, interdisciplinary and global perspective. Two literary works from two different languages and countries are needed in the comparative study. Today we have met many female writers whose works are no less than male writers. Ratna Indraswati Ibrahim is one of them. She is famous for his short stories that raise social themes. Today we have met many female writers whose works are no less than male writers. Ratna Indraswati Ibrahim is one of them. She is famous for his short stories that raise social themes. One of her Short Story is BAJU, which told about how women struggle her right. The story was taken from one of the scenes from the Mahabarata puppet story. The short story take scene when Drupadi, as a wife of Pandawa, (5 brothers) struggle their right because of the Kurawa, Pandawa’s cousins want to take of her clothes. Her husbands did not do anything to help her, until Krishna help her. She course Kurawa in her mad. Besides Ratna, there is also Katherine Mansfield, a woman Writer from New Zealand. She was known as a famous author there. She was a writer of short stories, poetry, letters, journals, and reviews, and changed the way the short story was written in the English language. Katherine Mansfield’s first published collection of short stories In a German Pension was received with success. One of her stories is titled BLISS, which told about a woman who thought her marriage life was happy and nothing wrong with her husband. She lives with happiness until she found that her best friend has an affair with her husband. There, she cannot do anything about that because the norm bound her. According to that two woman writer, we know that the woman also can be a writer with some award. It shows that not only man could be the best writer. As Elaine Showalter in her essay “Toward a Feminist Poetics” (1979), “to construct a female framework for the analysis of women’s literature, to develop new models based on the study of female experience, rather than to adapt male models and theories”. She starts to introduce the world about Gynocritics, which study women's writing. The term Gynocritics derived from the Greek gyne, 𝛾𝜐𝜈́, means woman. Based on that, occurs theory of literature called Gynocricism, which emerges in the context of the second feminist wave’s recognition of sexual difference and the specificity of women’s writing. That issue feels so interesting. Here, this paper will discuss of woman's perspective from two short stories BAJU by Ratna Indaraswati Ibrahim and BLISS by Katherine Mansfield based on Gynocriticism theory. It will be a focus on how the author explores their ideas of Imagery, symbol, themes, and genre of the story. DISCUSSION A. Source of Data BAJU by Ratna Indaraswati Ibrahim Synopsis This story takes place in a hall where Hastinapura families gather and greet their guests. At that time, Kurosawa and Pandavas were playing Dadu with a bet. Pandavas continues to experience defeat so that it loses many of its assets. Until one day, they were forced to give up their wife, Drupadi, at the stake. Pandawa lost again, Drupadi was called to the Hall. When he arrived there, Dursoson, one of the Kurosawa wanted to humiliate him by taking off his clothes in front of all the audience. Drupadi was very angry when she found out. She sadly asked for help from her husbands. She continued to plead, but they gave no response. Drupadi was very disappointed, the knights of her choice had not only not helped her, but they had also insulted her by making her a bet on the gambling table. She is not a slave or concubine, she is a Princess of a great kingdom, also a legal wife of her husbands. No one voted for her help, not her husband, uncle or even Bhishma's grandfather. in her desperation, she hoped that the Dewata would take her life. Her despair turned into anger. He cursed the Kurosawa who had insulted him. he was very angry with them, curses continued to flow from his mouth until Krishna helped him. he made the Drupadi's clothes never end. No matter how the Kurosawa pull it, it never ends. BLISS by Katherine Mansfield Synopsis This story told about Bertha Young marriage live. It take setting in early 19th century. Bertha is a cheerful and attractive thirty-year-old woman. She hopes to be able to play in the streets, dance, to bowl a hoop, to throw things up in the water and catch it again and everything that gives him pleasure. Unfortunately, she lived in an era where everything for women was forbidden. The women, for the people just have to be able to manage all the needs of the house. It is demanded by the norm that it cannot do anything for its pleasure, even for very simple things. Initially, he considered her household life to be fine. She has a handsome and kind husband, a cute child, a house and sufficient wealth. She felt it was okay he could not do anything he liked as long as his family was happy. It is worth the sacrifice. She tolerated all the norms that held her back. Until she became acquainted with one of the beautiful women who later became her best friend. She felt they were very close, but did not know why her husband was acting so bad to her. At that time, she prepared a party at her house. She hopes everything will go well. Her husband returned home on time, right when the party was about to start. They welcomed the guests well, but her best friend was treated badly by her husband. She did not accept it a bit and asked. Her husband only said that a woman, her best friend, was not a good person, which of course she did not trust. Until the end of the party, she saw her husband dropping her best friend out. She should have been happy, but happiness was lost when she saw her husband's hand embracing her friend's tenderly. Suddenly she realized. The woman was not sincere friends with her, she just wanted to approach her husband. she was immediately aware of their relationship, but she still could not do anything. At that time, divorce was something taboo and shameful. She can only silently accept reality. B. Comparative Approach; Similarities and Differences Imagery Imagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. there are five kinds of imager; auditory, visual, olfactory,tactile and gustatory imagery. In Gynocriticism, how the author used the imagery to take readers into the story is important. The woman writer's perspective of any scene will be different from a man writer. BAJU In this story, Ratna use some auditory imagery to describe the characters feeling, as in the last scene when Dursosono was taking off her clothes, and she condemned loudly. “Lantas “Aku bersumpah tidak akan menggulung rambutku sebelum keramas dengan darahnya Dursosono.” BLISS Katherine also used auditory imagery to describe the character feeling, as in the last scene when the party is over. She feel so despred and shows in crying” "Oh, what is going to happen now?" she cried” Symbol A symbol is literary device that contains several layers of meaning, often concealed at first sight, and is representative of several other aspects, concepts or traits than those that are visible in the literal translation alone. Symbol is using an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning. BAJU In this story, Ratna uses Drupadi’s body to represent the women’s souls and pride. “Mereka membuka bajuku, sepertinya aku ini budak atau pelacur. Tidak pernah aku diperlakukan seperti ini. Tubuh perempuanku adalah ekspresi dari seluruh jiwa ragaku.” BLISS In this story, Katherine used peer tree to represent her love and happiness. When, she knows her husband was cheating, she cried while stare at it. “"Your lovely pear tree–pear tree-peer tree!” Themes The theme in a story is its underlying message, or 'big idea.' In other words, what critical belief about life is the author trying to convey in the writing of a novel, play, short story or poem. BAJU Theme in this short story is how the author, shows the important of women’s body as their pride. It shows in scene when Drupadi ask Destrarsta, king of Hastinapura to release her husband, but his answer just make her more humiliated. “Kurasakan penghinaan itu sampai ke urat nadiku. Aku kira ini bukan anugerah dari Destarata. Kurebut mimpiku sebagai perempuan.” BLISS In this story, Katherine try to show us how women was treated at that time. This is her critics about women right. Why they did not have to make their choose freely? They just should following what the citizen believes. “Oh, is there no way you can express it without being "drunk and disorderly"? How idiotic civilization is! Why be given a body if you have to keep it shut up in a case like a rare, rare fiddle?” Genre A genre is a category of art, music, or literature. Following are some popular examples of genres, along with some related sub-genres. There are some genre in literature, poetry, fiction, non-fiction, science fiction and etc. Both of BAJU and BLISS are fiction. Both are short story which is a part of prose, so that story is not real and also use elaborate figurative language. CONCLUSSION Ratna and Mansfield are famous women authors that have many works. They work to take inspiration from women and their social conditions. Both have their roles in Femism era. BAJU and Bliss are a short story that used women's pride and their right to the issues. After analyzing the two short story with Gynocriticism theory, it finds that both have similarities in using imagery to shows the character’s feeling, similar theme; although in BLISS, the author shows the powerless of women, while in BAJU the author shows how women maintain her pride, and two of them are fiction, means not real but some times it could have happened in different reasons and situation. SOURCES Ibrahim, I. Ratna, 2004, Cerpen Kompas. Jurnal Perempuan, No. 23, 2002 Jakarta: Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan. Mereka yang di Atas Persoalan, Kumpulan Profil dan Wawancara Jurnal Perempuan. 2013 Katherine Mansfield House and Garden, source (https://www.katherinemansfield.com/about-katherine-mansfield) Literary. Devices, Imagery, source (https://literarydevices.net/imagery/ ) Literary. Devices, Symbol, Source (https://literary-devices.com/content/symbol/) Mansfield. Katherine, 1918, BLISS, Katherine Mansfield Society O. Sarah, 2018, What is Theme in Literature? - Definition & Examples, (https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-theme-in-literature-definition- examples-quiz.html) RATNA INDARASWATI (1949-2011), source (http://ensiklopedia.kemdikbud.go.id/sastra/artikel/Ratna_Indraswari_Ibra him) Gerung. R, 2015, Feminist Ethics Against the Stigma of TheocracyPatriarchy: Reflections on the 2014 Presidential Election, Indonesian Feminism Journal Motta. S, Fominaya. C.F, and friends, 2011, Feminism, women’s movements and women in movement, Interface: a journal for and about social movements Editorial Volume 3 (2): 1 – 32 Offen. K, 2012, DEFINING FEMINISM: A COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL APPROACH, Signs, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 119-157, Chicago Journal
A Feminist Reading of The Fluidity of Gender Roles and The Ramifications of This in Bram Stoker's Dracula (Stoker, 1897) and Anne Rice's Interview With The Vampire (Rice, 1976)