Keep Calm and Revise Your Grammar - Blog
Keep Calm and Revise Your Grammar - Blog
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/
DISCLAIMER: This is a compilation of grammar activities which might be useful for year 2 Bachillerato
students, and possibly to B1-B2 students at Escuelas Oficiales de Idiomas.
The links to tutorials are all my own and based on a work at https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/
However, most of the material is just a compilation of exercises taken, adapted and rehashed from many
different sources: textbooks, grammar books, websites. I do not claim authorship of the exercises.
Extensive reworking of the original exercises has been made over the years to suit my students’ needs and
update the material.
No profit is to be made from sharing this material, nor any copyright infringement is intended. The sole
purpose is to help students revise key grammar points in an independent way.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3. Reported Speech……………………………………………………………………………………………20
7. Modal verbs…………………………………………………………………………………………………42
8. As/like ………………………………………………………………………………………………………44
For an explanation of conditional clauses you can visit this link: https://
natalialzam.wordpress.com/2020/04/23/conditional-clauses-how-to-make-them-
and-songs-to-practise-them/
2. It's a pity you missed the party. If you (come)………………………………………………, you (meet)
…………………………………………………………………… my friends from Hungary.
15. If there were more car parks, there (not be)……………………… ………………………… so much
traffic
16. You’d meet more people if you (go out)…………………………………………………… more often
went out
16. trained / would have been
wouldn’t be
15. trained / would be-----had 7.
get
14. would do / won
6.
Would you retire
13. would buy / had
5.
weren’t (wasn’t)
12. me / won’t pass
will lose
11. have passed ---- don’t help
will meet
10. hadn’t helped / wouldn’t 4.
wouldn’t work
9. had / would be able
3.
18. would learn
married
had come / would have met
2.
17. will learn
had listened / wouldn’t have 8. had known / would have met
1.
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2. Fill in the gaps with the words below in the right form
6. If somebody (give) …………………………………… you a lot of money, what would you do?
8. If you could change anything about your school, what (it / be) ……………………………………?
12. I f y o u ( s m o k e ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … l e s s , y o u ( h a v e )
………………………………………………… much more money, but I know you aren’t going to follow
my advice.
13. Their marriage only lasted three months. If he (be) …………………………………………… less
mean, she (not leave) ………………………………………………………………………… him.
14. The film was marvellous. If you (come) ………………………………………………with us, you (enjoy)
………………………………………………… it too.
21. This house (look) …………………………………… much nicer if you (paint) ……………………… the
walls white
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25. I f I ( b e ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … y o u , I ( a p p l y )
…………………………………………………………… for the job as soon as possible.
27. I f h e ( b e ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … t a l l e r , h e ( j o i n )
……………………………………………… the Police.
29. You (not be) ………………………………………………… able to travel unless you get a visa.
32. I f I ( b e ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … t h e P r i m e M i n i s t e r, I ( c h a n g e )
………………………………………… a lot of things.
33. I’ll look for your notebook and if I (find) ………………………………………………… it, I (give)
…………………………………………………………………… you a ring.
34. O f c o u r s e I ’ m n o t g o i n g t o g i v e h e r a d i a m o n d r i n g . I f I ( g i v e )
………………………………………………… her a diamond ring, she (sell)
…………………………………………………………… it.
35. She was sent to prison only because she refused to pay a fine. If she (pay)
……………………………………… a fine, she (not go) …………………………… to prison.
36. I f I ( h a v e ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … l o t s o f m o n e y I ( d r i n k )
…………………………………………………… champagne with every meal.
37. If we (work) ………………………………all night we (finish) the essay in time. But we have no
intention of working all night.
38. We were travelling with false passports. If our passports (be) ……………………… ……………… all
right, we (not be) ………………………………………………… arrested.
39. I have no particular desire to win the football pools. If I (win) ………………………………… an
enormous sum of money, everybody (write) …………………………………………… to me asking for
money.
40. My child is not interested in games. If he (play) ……………………………… games like other boys
he (have) ……………………………………………………………………… a much better time.
I wouldn't …
Unless…
If …
4. Without Jack's help, I wouldn't have been able to move the table.
If …
If …
If…
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If the soup…
8. I left the freezer door open and everything inside it has melted.
If I …
9. In order for you to catch the train, you must leave now.
Provided …
10. John hadn’t practised his piece, and so his performance at the concert wasn’t very good.
If …
11. She didn’t save any money, so she was hard up.
If she …
12. There are no free taxis and we are going to miss the first act of the play.
If …
13. You didn’t invite me last week, so I didn’t know anything about the party.
If you …
14. Lend me the money. I promise to pay you back next week.
If you …
If…
If …
If…
If…
If…
If…
Unless…
Unless…
Don’t …
Unless…
I don’t…
Unless…
13. I won’t buy a new car because I haven’t got enough money.
If…
14. I won’t see you tomorrow because I haven’t got enough time.
If…
15. They didn’t interview you for the job because you didn’t speak French.
If…
16. We won’t let those fans come here because they are so violent.
If…
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KEY TO EXERCISES 4 & 5
4. Without Jack's help, I wouldn't have been able to move the table.
If Jack hadn’t helped me I wouldn’t have been able to move the table
If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s haircut I wouldn’t have noticed it.
8. I left the freezer door open and everything inside it has melted.
If I hadn’t left the freezer door open nothing would have melted / everything inside wouldn’t have
melted
9. In order for you to catch the train, you must leave now.
10. John hadn’t practised his piece, and so his performance at the concert wasn’t very good.
If John had practised his piece, his performance would have been better
11. She didn’t save any money, so she was hard up.
If she had saved some money, she wouldn’t have been hard up.
12. There are no free taxis and we are going to miss the first act of the play.
If there were any free taxis we wouldn’t miss the first act of the play.
13. You didn’t invite me last week, so I didn’t know anything about the party.
If you had invited me last week I would have known something about the party.
14. Lend me the money. I promise to pay you back next week.
If you lend me the money, (I promise) I’ll pay you back next week.
If José hadn’t forgotten her birthday she wouldn’t have left him.
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4. The train may be cancelled. We’ll take the bus, then.
13. I won’t buy a new car because I haven’t got enough money.
14. I won’t see you tomorrow because I haven’t got enough time.
15. They didn’t interview you for the job because you didn’t speak French.
If you had spoken French they would have interviewed you for the job.
16. We won’t let those fans come here because they are so violent.
If those fans were not (weren’t) so violent we would let them come here.
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WISHES: I WISH …/ IF ONLY : REGRETS ABOUT THE PRESENT / FUTURE, OR THE PAST /
COMPLAINTS
3. Please phone me
3. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
I wish…
I wish…
I wish …
If only…
I wish…
I wish…
If only…
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8. He should be more polite to his parents
If only…
10. We should have brought sun cream for the children. (Their backs are extremely red).
If only…
I wish…
12. He wasn’t here last night to defend our position in the meeting
If only…
He wishes…
14. Jason knows he has to do the military service (and he doesn’t want to).
Jason wishes…
I wish…
If only…
I wish…
I wish…
I wish…
If only…
If only…
I wish…
If only…
I wish…
If only…
I wish…
If only…
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28. I'm sorry I can't speak English perfectly.
I wish…………
If only
I wish
If only
I wish………
If only …
If…
I wish …
He wishes …
I wish …
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I WISH / IF ONLY – REPHRASING EXERCISES (KEY)
If only I lived nearer from home / …my work weren’t so far from home.
5. I’m sorry I can’t come with you to the mountains
If only he had been here last night to defend our position in the meeting
13. Roger is not enjoying his job.
I wish I had enough money to buy the dress. / …the dress didn’t cost so mucy
16. Mary always has to get up at 5.00 a.m. to go to work
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29. I'm sorry I haven't got a lot of money.
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UNIT 2: RELATIVE CLAUSES (who, whom, which, whose, where, what…)
Use
We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing in the main
clause. The extra information is not essential.
Robbie Williams’ Millennium, which is one of his most successful singles, was released in 1999.
Form
In non-defining relative clauses we put a comma before and after the main clause.
We use the relative pronouns who, which, whose, where and when in non-defining relative clauses.
The relative pronoun cannot be omitted.
Mark Smith, who lives next door to us, plays in a rock band.
1 The book is about a murder on the Nile. (It was written by Agatha Christie.)
2 The diamond necklace has been found by the police. (It was stolen last week.)
7 The new band is very good. (It was formed last year.)
Use
We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about the person or thing in the main
clause. It tells us which person or thing we are talking about.
Who, which, that and when can be omitted when they are the object of the verb in the second
clause, e.g. There’s the man that the police have been looking for. Whose and where can’t be
omitted.
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6 Have you met the girl? She’s going out with Ted.
The man…
The…
The boys…
The girl…
The tin…
The boy…
The television …
Gerry …
The book …
10. What was the name of that horse? It won the race.
What was…
11. The police have caught the men. They stole my car.
The police…
12. I couldn’t find the girl. Her passport had been stolen.
I couldn’t
13. The woman lives opposite. Her son is getting married next week.
The woman…
14. I ran into a woman. Her husband was arrested by the police.
I ran …
I recently …
A cemetery …
Have you…
I like…
We stayed…
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The bed…
I didn’t …
22. I wasn’t interested in the things. You were talking about them.
I wasn’t …
The boy…
24. You are looking at the vase. It dates from the 17th century.
The vase …
The flight…
Stephen…
27. Her son is returning from Canada. He has been studying there for five years.
Her son…
28. Warwick castle dates from the 18th century. The Duke opens it for visitors.
Warwick castle
My flat…
30. Tom has been in England. He is the only one in the class.
The man …
The man …
She was …
I was waiting …
35. I was given the address by a man. I had met that man on the train.
I was given …
36. I’m looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt.
I’m looking …
37. The woman lives next door. The woman lost her purse.
The woman …
The man …
39. The man was sitting at his desk. I had come to see this man.
The man …
We lit …
I like…
The cats…
I saw …
44. The wolves ate the lambs. The lambs were out in the field.
45. He was dancing with a student. She had beautiful blue eyes.
The student …
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46. I was waiting for a man. He didn’t come.
The man …
47. I’m looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt.
The children …
The man…
The bed…
The chair …
The bed …
52. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from that box
The car…
54. This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.
55. A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut by glass
56. This is the story of a group of boys. Their plane crashed on an island.
57. I’m sorry for that man. His wife died last week.
58. Tom had been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop.
Tom…
59. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to talk to me. I had come especially to see him.
Mr. Smith…
60. This is Mr. Jones. His son won the championship last year.
61. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other
I met Mary…
63. Tom’s leg is still in bandages. He will have to watch the match from the stand.
Tom…
An…
65. The report took three hours. It should have taken an hour and a half.
The report…
Charles…
67. His girlfriend turned out to be an enemy spy. He trusted her absolutely.
His girlfriend…
68. Julia’s father has just come back from a skiing holiday. He is over 80.
Julia’s …
69. The problems faced by the company are being resolved. I’ll look at these in detail in a moment.
The problems…
70. She was greatly influenced by her father. She adored him.
She was…
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He pointed …
72. These drugs have been withdrawn from sale. They are used to treat stomach ulcers.
These …
73. The singer had to cancel her concert. She was recovering from flu.
The singer…
74. The minister talked about the plans for tax reform. He will reveal them next month.
The minister…
I have …
a. Susan said …
b. I couldn’t hear …
I want …
I didn’t understand…
Did you …
I didn’t hear …
I don’t buy …
Everybody …
What…
I couldn’t …
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RELATIVE CLAUSES-KEY
The man who answered the phone told me you were busy.
2. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.
The girl (who is) sitting at the corner table is Jane Benson.
5. The tin is on the top shelf. It is full of sugar.
The tin which is full of sugar is on the top shelf / The tin which is on the top shelf is full of sugar.
6. The boy is Joan’s cousin. I saw him yesterday.
What was the name of that horse which/ that won the race?
11. The police have caught the men. They stole my car.
The police have caught the men who/ that stole my car.
12. I couldn’t find the girl. Her passport had been stolen.
The woman whose son is getting married next week lives opposite.
14. I ran into a woman. Her husband was arrested by the police.
The bed (which / that) I slept in was too soft /The bed in which I slept was too soft.
21. I didn’t get the job. I applied for it.
I didn’t get the job (which/ that) I applied for / I didn’t get the job for which I applied.
22. I wasn’t interested in the things. You were talking about them.
I wasn’t interested in the things (which/ that) you were talking about
23. The boy is his apprentice. He is working with him
The vase (which) you are looking at dates from the 17th century.
25. The flight was fully booked. We wanted to travel on it.
27. Her son is returning from Canada. He has been studying there for five years.
Her son, who is returning from Canada, has been studying there for five years/ Her son, who has
been studying in Canada for five years, is returning from there
28. Warwick castle dates from the 18th century. The Duke opens it for visitors.
Warwick castle, which the Duke opens for visitors, dates from the 18th century.
29. My flat is very small. It is on the outskirts of the city.
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My flat, which is very small, is on the outskirts of the city /My flat, which is on the outskirts of the
city, is very small.
30. Tom has been in England. He is the only one in the class.
Tom is the only one in the class who has been in England.
31. A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out
The man who answered the phone said Tom was out.
32. The man didn’t know the way. He was driving.
The man who was driving didn’t know the way (The man who didn’t know the way was driving).
33. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp.
I was given the address by a man (who) I had met on the train.
36. I’m looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt.
The woman who lives next door lost her purse/ The woman who lost her purse lives next door.
38. You see a man. That man is my uncle.
The man (who) I had come to see was sitting at his desk.
40. We lit a fire. It soon dried out our clothes.
The wolves ate the lambs which/ that were out in the field.
45. He was dancing with a student. She had beautiful blue eyes.
The student (who) he was dancing with had beautiful blue eyes.
46. I was waiting for a man. He didn’t come.
There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box (which) I was phoning from.
53. The car had bad brakes. We were in this car.
This is the story of a man whose wife suddenly loses her memory
55. A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut by glass
A man brought in a small girl whose hand had been cut by glass.
56. This is the story of a group of boys. Their plane crashed on an island.
I’m sorry for that man whose wife died last week.
58. Tom had been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop.
Tom, who had been driving all day, was tired and wanted to stop.
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59. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to talk to me. I had come especially to see him.
Mr. Smith, who I had come especially to see, said he was too busy to talk to me.
60. This is Mr. Jones. His son won the championship last year.
This is Mr. Jones, whose son won the championship last year.
61. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other
Romeo and Juliet, whose parents hated each other, were lovers.
62. I met Mary. She asked me to give you this.
Tom, whose leg is still in bandages, will have to watch the match from the stand.
64. Ann came to help Tom. She liked Tom.
Ann, who liked Tom, came to help him /(Ann, who came to help Tom, liked him)
65. The report took three hours. It should have taken an hour and a half.
The report, which took three hours, should have taken an hour and a half. / The report, which should
have taken an hour and a half, took three hours.
66. Charles was with Lucy. He was anxious to impress her.
Charles, who was anxious to impress Lucy, was with her /Charles, who was with Lucy, was anxious
to impress her.
67. His girlfriend turned out to be an enemy spy. He trusted her absolutely.
Julia’s father, who is over 80, has just come back from a skiing holiday. (Julia’s father, who has just
come back from a skiing holiday, is over 80).
69. The problems faced by the company are being resolved. I’ll look at these in detail in a moment.
The problems faced by the company, which I’ll look at in detail in a moment, are being resolved.
70. She was greatly influenced by her father. She adored him.
These drugs, which are used to treat stomach ulcers, have been withdrawn from sale /These drugs,
which have been withdrawn from sale, are used to treat stomach ulcers.
73. The singer had to cancel her concert. She was recovering from flu.
The singer, who was recovering from flu, had to cancel her concert.
74. The minister talked about the plans for tax reform. He will reveal them next month.
The minister talked about the plans for tax reform, which he will reveal next month
75. I have two older sisters. I love them very much.
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Unit 3: REPORTED SPEECH
1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of say, tell, or ask.
Example Can you tell me the time, please?
2 Can you repeat that, please? I didn’t hear what you __________ .
➢ Statements.
➢ Orders.
➢ Questions.
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7. ‘Where have you been?’ my mother asked me.
12. ‘Have you been injured in the war?’ Tony asked the old man.
9. You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London.
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34. What happened at the match yesterday?
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VERB PATTERNS FOR REPORTED SPEECH
• ‘Why don’t you paint your room in bright colours?’ Kate said to Jack
Kate SUGGESTED that Jack should paint his room in bright colours
Annie APOLOGISED (to me /him/ her) for breaking my/his/her favourite mug
• ‘I will fire you if you arrive late again’, her boss told her
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Now report what some people said some time ago, in a different place...Try to avoid verbs such as say, tell
or ask as reporting verbs.
• Suggestions
• Advice
17. I think you should try to get more sleep. (the doctor said to the patient)
• Reminders
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5. I assure you I’ll do it tomorrow
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Unit 4: PASSIVE VOICE
For an explanation of how to use passive voice in English, and some examples in real contexts, please visit
these links:
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2017/11/01/passive-voice-in-headlines/
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2020/04/23/passive-voice-in-english-personal-impersonal-construction/
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2011/02/19/passive-voice-in-real-english/
For further practice (self-grading Google forms), please visit this link:
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2019/05/09/passive-news-headlines-revision/
Rephrase these sentences so that they will be passive sentences rather than active:
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16.They built the bridge in 1926.
26. I didn't receive the invitation because they had sent it to the wrong address.
30. The mob broke the shop windows in a riot last night.
43.They were painting the outside of the ship when the accident happened.
51.The operations manager has cancelled flight KL167 because of weather conditions
52.We had warned him the day before not to go too near the canal.
55. They had sold all the tickets by the time we got to the stadium.
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57. They had made the pizza that morning.
58. They have arrested hundreds of burglars over the past six months
68. They had already given the job to someone else by the time I arrived.
70. The Italians have designed the best outfits this season
75.The postal service will send your letters to your new address.
81.I couldn't recognise my home town because they had knocked down so many of the old buildings.
83.The waiters will serve drinks in the hotel lounge at six o’clock.
85.You must clean this machine every time you use it.
90.You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel
95. People should not take reference books out of the library.
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• I was given a present
97. His parents gave him a new computer for his birthday.
111.We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready.
122.Scientists believe there are other planets where life may be possible.
124. They said that Robin Hood stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.
127.The police believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window.
128.The papers report that many people are homeless after the floods.
130.Newspapers say that many people are homeless after the floods.
131.People know that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law.
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134.The police believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window
135.The prosecution alleged that he was driving through the town at 90 miles per hour
136.They report that two people were seriously injured in the accident.
137.They say that three men were arrested after the explosion.
146.People say that Ronaldo is the most expensive player in the world.
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PASSIVE VOICE- KEY
14. Are parts for the cars still made by /in the factory?
20. Two pictures were stolen from the museum last night.
26. I didn’t receive the invitation because it had been sent to the wrong address.
28. Great Expectations and A Tale of Two Cities were written by Dickens.
39. Information and help are being provided at the main desk.
43. The outside of the ship was being painted when the accident happened.
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46. A lot of money is being spent on useless things.
49. The bomb was being carried to a safe place when it exploded.
50. The road was being repaired when the accident happened.
52. He had been warned the day before not to go too near the canal.
55. All the tickets had been sold by the time we got to the stadium.
58. Hundreds of burglars have been arrested over the past six months.
60. The novels of Agatha Christie have been read by millions of people.
68. Someone else had been given the job by the time…/ The job had been given to somebody else by
the time…
70. The best outfits this season have been designed by the Italians.
75. You will be sent your letters to your new address. / Your letters will be sent to you to your new
address.
81. I couldn’t recognise my home town because so many of the old buildings had been knocked down.
85. This machine must be used every time you use it.
90. Your bill should be paid before you leave the hotel.
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91. This button mustn’t be touched while the examination is in progress.
111.You will be sent your examination results as soon as they are ready.
114.It is said that Arthur is very rich / Arthur is said to be very rich
117.It is believed that he came into…/He is believed to have come into a lot of money by gambling
119.It is thought that the murderer is in his twenties /The murderer is thought to be in his twenties.
120.It is considered she is the best in her field / She is considered (to be) the best in her field.
121.It is believed that there is a small chance …/ A small chance of success is believed to exist.
122.It is believed that there are other planets…/ Other planets where life is possible are believed to
exist.
123.It is thought that computers will become…/ Computers are believed to become cheaper in the
future.
124.It was said that Robin Hood stole money…/ Robin Hood was said to steal money from …
127.The thieves are believed to have got in through the kitchen window.
134.see 127
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136.Two people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident.
137.Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion.
English
3. They may give the tennis player Kate Duprey £50,000 for winning the competition
4. They’ve promised the players of the basketball team a holiday in the Caribbean if they win the
league.
The players…
It …
It is believed that …
You…
The suspects …
A dead…
Two hundred …
John…
Mike…
Have…
Peter…
It …
He …
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Of course the factory…
18. It is expected that the company will make a loss this year.
The company…
19. William the Conqueror built this castle in the 11th century.
This castle …
20. They report that many people are homeless after the floods.
Many people…
Alan…
How …
23. They might give me the job, but I’ll refuse it.
I …
24. They expect that the strike will last for another two days.
The strike…
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Unit 5: HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE
We …
I should …
She …
He …
She …
We …
Have you …
Karen…
Philip…
Mary…
My grandparents …
Bill…
Anne…
Helen …
She …
B. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains a form of have something done. Do not include the agent.
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11. I haven’t been to the car-wash for a long time.
12. The men are coming to put in the new central heating on Saturday.
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B. HAVE SOMETHING DONE (KEY)
5. When was the last time you had your eyes tested?
5. When was the last time you got your eyes tested?
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Unit 6: USED TO (WOULD) / BE USED TO ing / GET USED TO ing
➢ Match each of the sentences above with one of the following sentences:
1. Running the business isn't difficult for my mother because she has done it before.
Example: It isn't difficult for me to get up early because I've done it before.
1. I'm shocked when I hear bad language. I'm just not used to it.
3. It isn't difficult for me to travel long distances to work because I’ve done it before.
4. Julia saw Ronald almost every day not so long ago but doesn't any more.
6. Because English people drive on the left, it's difficult for them to drive abroad.
Remember:
▪ we use used to (do) for a habit, or something we did in the past but not now
Rewrite these sentences using used to (do) or a form of be / get used to (doing).
4. Working hard doesn't bother me. I've never been able to sit around doing nothing.
5. Although the job was difficult at first, he soon became familiar with what he had to do.
8. When you buy a new car, you need some time to practise driving it.
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➢ Rewrite the following sentences using USED TO (DO) or a form of BE/GET USED TO (DOING).
For example:
❖ I don’t mind getting up early in the morning, I’ve always done it.
Juliet is not …
I am…
3. After two or three days, you won’t notice the cold weather so much
Jane …
We …
I …
I…
I will…
10. Working hard doesn’t bother me. I’ve never been able to sit around doing nothing.
I…
11. Although the job was difficult at first, she soon became familiar with what she had to do.
She…
We…
Peter…
14. When you buy a new car, you need some time to practise driving it.
I’ll never …
I …
Henry is not …
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UNIT 6: USED TO / BE USED TO / GET USED TO- key
1. I used to smoke
8. When you buy a new car you need some time to get used to driving it
9. I’ll never get used to the cold climate / to living in a cold climate
Rephrasing exercises
7. I used to smoke
15. I’ll never get used to the cold climate / to living in a cold climate
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Unit 7: MODAL VERBS
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given.
2. We don’t know if the oral test will be before or after the written exam. (be)
7. I suppose you’re very lucky if you really passed without studying. (be)
9. You are allowed to leave the examination room when you’ve finished. (may)
He ……………………………………………………………………………………suicide.
12. It is possible that she learnt something about James’s past. (have)
13. I cannot imagine that Sir Alex knew how dangerous James was. (known)
14. Rebecca and James were, in all likelihood, madly in love with each other. (been)
16. Lady Ann definitely suspected something, because she had locked her bedroom door. (have)
17. Professor Grant was obviously not expecting anything unpleasant. (been)
18. It is difficult to believe that Rebecca loved her mother very much. (have)
19. It is possible that Sir Alex gave Lady Ann some important information. (given)
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Sir Alex …………………………………………………………………………………… some important
information.
20. It is possible that Sir Alex knew something horrible about James. (known)
You…
He…
That…
He …
He wasn’t …
He …
You…
They …
Would …
You…
Shall…
She…
Shall …
She …
We …
Can…
We…
You…
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Unit 8: As and like
As refers to a person's profession or a part he plays as an actor. It also refers to the role a person fulfils. Like
is only used for comparisons.
3.I once appeared on the stage ………………… Othello, but I'm glad I'm not ………………… him in real life.
4.He has taken his responsibilities ……………………………… Managing Director so much to heart that he
goes around behaving …………………………………Napoleon.
5.I once had a friend who was in his father's class at school. He never knew whether his f a t h e r was
speaking to him …………………………a father or ………………………………a teacher.
➢ A lot of celebrities have visited this restaurant- for example / for instance Scarlett Johansson, Woody
Allen and Robbie Williams.
➢ Celebrities like / such as Scarlett Johansson, Woody Allen and Robbie Williams have visited this
restaurant.
➢ Such celebrities as Scarlett Johansson, Woody Allen and Robbie Williams have visited this restaurant.
Like and such as or such …as can be used as alternatives to ‘for example’ or for instance. Notice that the
phrase with like or such as follows the noun that it refers to as closely as possible.
Rewrite the following sentences, using like/ such as / and such…as. Make two new sentences in each case.
1. A number of famous country houses were built in the eighteenth century- for example Chatsworth,
Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard.
2. In the show a lot of famous singers and performers appear, for example David Bisbal, Amaral, El canto
del loco and El Arrebato.
3. A lot of great composers led interesting lives- for example Mozart, Beethoven and Chopin.
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Verbs of sensation + like / as if
➢ You look as if you’ve had some bad news. Do you want to talk about it?
4. Janine likes wearing high heeled shoes. She walks ………………………………… she was a fashion
model.
8. This meat tastes ……………………………………… lamb. Are you sure it's beef?
9. You look ………………………………your brother. You both have the same colour eyes and curly hair.
10. This room smells …………………………………an ashtray! Let's open the windows.
7. …………………I said, the course ends in March and then there's an exam.
10. Travelling first class is more expensive with Iberia, ……………………it is with all airlines.
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Unit 9: SUBORDINATION
You can visit this link to watch a video explaining how to use these clauses: https://
natalialzam.wordpress.com/2020/04/23/purpose-clauses-3/
1. Join these sentences using the links in brackets. Make all the necessary changes.
1. We came to the countryside. We wanted to find some peace. (in order to / so as to)
3. He left his gun outside. He didn’t want to frighten us. (in order to)
4. They make five pound notes different from ten pound notes. This way blind people can differentiate
5. He wrote his diary in code. He didn’t want anybody to read it. (so that)
6. His parents sent him to that University. They wanted him to study Law. (so that)
7. I made them wear warm clothes. I didn’t want them to catch a cold. (so that)
8. He wants to go to the cinema. I’ll give him some money for that. (so that)
9. You must study. You have to pass your exams. (so that)
2. Join these pairs of sentences by means of a link of your choice. Make all the necessary changes.
6. I phoned the police. I wanted to report that my car had been stolen.
11. Please arrive early. We want to be able to start the meeting on time.
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PURPOSE CLAUSES-KEY
6. I phoned the police to report / in order to report / so as to report that my car had been stolen.
9. I left Dave my phone number so that/in order that he could contact me.
10. We whispered so that / in order that nobody could hear our conversation.
11. Please arrive early to start/ in order to start/ so as to start the meeting on time.
13. I slowed down so that / in order that the car behind me could overtake.
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9b. RESULT
Join these sentences using the links in brackets. Make all the necessary changes.
2. It was a very difficult exam. He knew he wouldn’t pass it. (such … that)
5. These problems are very difficult. Nobody can solve them. (so …that)
Rephrasing practice:
The weather was so good that we lay on the beach all day
It was such good weather that we lay on the beach all day
It was…
The book…
The flight…
They …
This …
6. They were such large boxes that we couldn’t send them by air
The boxes …
It …
The day …
The room …
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KEY- 9B:
4. They were such beautiful flowers that it was a shame to pick them
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9c: CONTRAST CLAUSES
If you need an explanation of how to use these linking words, you can visit this link:
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2020/04/23/contrast-clauses-although-in-spite-
of-however/
They didn’t give me the job in spite of the fact that I had all the necessary qualifications.
Dave gets lots of homework from school, while / whereas Sue gets very little.
While ● though ● although ● even though ● whereas ● in spite of ● despite ● in spite of the fact that ●
contrary to ● unlike ● however ● nevertheless ● on the one hand…on the other hand ● on the contrary ●
yet
7. ……………………………she would like to come; ……………………………it’s too far away for her.
9. They haven’t found a house to buy ………… they have looked at quite a few.
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12. The speed limit on the highway is 110 kph; ……………………………… people often drive faster
than that
13. ……………………………… her skiing accident last year, Diana is going skiing again this year.
14. …………………………… he had planned the project very carefully, he had several problems along
the way.
15. My sister doesn’t have a job ………………………………… she’s a very talented person.
16. Some pupils don’t mind taking tests, ………………………… others get quite nervous.
17. It’s wonderful to have my grandparents spend the summer with us ……………………………… it’s a
bit uncomfortable because our flat is quite small.
18. The new car is very economical, ………………………… the old one was not.
19. ………………………………you could rent a flat instead of buying a new one.………………… you
spend all this money and you still don’t own a flat.
Write sentences using the words in brackets. Use other words where necessary.
b. The team scored three goals. They still lost the match. (even though)
e. The police didn’t arrest anybody. They interviewed a lot of suspects. (in spite of)
f. John is very rich. But his friends are extremely poor. (Whereas)
Although…
Despite…
Even though…
In spite…
Despite…
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6. Despite the high price of petrol, big cars are still popular.
Although…
In spite…
Even though …
Although…
10. I like you even though you have a strange sense of humour.
In spite …
11. Even though they quarrel regularly, Jack and Mary still say they love each other.
Despite…
12. In spite of their love for each other, they have broken up.
Even though…
Although…
14. Although she was sad, she was playing with her son for an hour.
Despite…
Even though…
Although…
In spite …
Though …
In spite…
20. In spite of her lack of experience, she looked after the dog very well.
Even though…
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9d. CAUSE
4. I had missed the bus. So, I was late for work. (as)
5. I haven’t got any money. That is why I can’t buy you the ring. (because)
9e. TIME
1. She went to the window. She saw Michael walking along the street. (when)
4. First Ann put her purse into her handbag, then she went to the supermarket. (after)
6. You can go out. Before, you must finish your homework (before)
8. She was listening to the radio. At the same time she was cooking. (while)
10. She was having a bath. At the same time, her husband was getting dressed. (while)
11. She was waiting for her luggage. At the same time she phoned her parents. (while)
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Unit 10: REPHRASING- COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
Peter …
Can’t you …
Mike isn’t …
He doesn’t …
I don’t draw …
Going out is …
Helen’s…
Susan …
John …
Kevin …
The meat…
Arsenal …
We haven’t …
You didn’t …
Janet …
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3. I don’t work as fast as you do.
You …
He …
Betty …
He doesn’t …
Is that …
Can’t you…
Can’t you …
Is this…?
Is that…
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REPHRASING- COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES- KEY
6. The west of Spain is not so warm as the east / is colder than the east
5. The meat was not as good as the fish / was worse than the fish
4. He plays the piano worse than his sister / He doesn’t play the piano as well as his sister
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Unit 11: WAYS OF EMPHASISING THE MESSAGE / PART OF THE MESSAGE
b) After Raúl scored a goal, things started to look up for Real Madrid. But the team did have a problem,
though: its players didn’t expect Real Zaragoza to be in such a good shape.
2. CLEFT SENTENCES
It was in Oslo that (where) Ann bought a jacket for me last year.
It was last year that (when) Ann bought a jacket for me in Oslo.
3. PSEUDO-CLEFT SENTENCES
You can also visit this link to watch a video explaining how cleft/pseudo-cleft sentences
work:
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2019/04/22/cleft-sentences-to-emphasise-part-of-
the-sentence/
2. He is leaving today.
4. I saw Ann
6. We ordered wine
9. We flew to Rome
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4. INVERSIONS after certain expressions
4. You will pass your exam and get a very good mark.
B. NO SOONER…THAN
As soon as she entered the room, she noticed that something was missing.
She had no sooner entered the room than she noticed that something was missing.
No sooner had she entered the room than she noticed that something was missing.
5. As soon as they had sold the house they were offered a better price for it.
➢ This inversion may also take place when a sentence begins with ‘only’, neither’…
Only when he had finished did he realise that he had made several mistakes (It was only when he had
finished that he realised that he had made several mistakes).
Neither in the Guardian nor in the Sun did I find any reference to the events.
If you want to watch a video explaining how to make these inversions, and to
see some examples in real-language use (for example, in TV shows), click on
this link or scan the QR code:
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2019/05/07/inversions-after-negative-or-
restricting-adverbs-and-for-conditional-clauses/
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Unit 12: GERUND AND IT…TO INFINITIVE
https://youtu.be/9sEhlVbhDEI
It……………
Going……
It ……
It ……
Working……
It……
Teaching…
It…
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IT’S + adjective + FOR
Among the adjectives that can be used in this construction are: boring, dangerous, difficult, easy,
expensive, healthy, necessary…
Use the adjectives and verbs given in brackets to complete the sentences:
It…
It …
It …
It…
It …
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KEY:
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Unit 13: TOO/ENOUGH
I’m not…
He was …
I’m not…
They’re …
It was …
He didn’t …
She didn’t …
He didn’t …
They didn’t …
We’re …
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KEY:
She didn’t speak loud enough for the audience to hear her.
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Unit 14: MIXED REPHRASING PRACTICE 1
My parents wanted …
The longer…
I read…
It took…
Andrea asked…
We ……………………………………………………………………………………… longer
It …
If only…
The painting…
I would…
I wasn’t…
The dog…
14. It is believed that teenagers are the most vulnerable people to cigarette advertising.
Teenagers…
This is…
Sherlock Holmes …
I wish…
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Unit 15: MIXED REPHRASING PRACTICE 2
➢ CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
If…
If I …
Unless…
If…
➢ PASSIVES
The murderer…
It …
I know I …
9. Passengers must not unfasten their safety belts before the aircraft comes to a stop.
10. People knew that the Russians made several experiments on it.
The Russians …
I had…
I...
He …
I wish…
I wish …
If only…
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17. It was a mistake for me to buy you that computer game.
I …
She wished …
I prefer…
She would …
➢ ALTHOUGH / IN SPITE OF
Although…
23. In spite of his strength, he could not break down the door.
Although…
24. Even though he knows a lot about the subject, he makes careless mistakes.
Despite …
The man…
26. Paul McCartney had a daughter six years ago. Paul McCartney is 66.
Paul …
It…
It …
Marrying…
Juliet is not …
I am…
32. After two or three days, you won’t notice the cold weather so much
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In two or three days you will …
Jane …
➢ INVERSIONS
34. He realised that the threat was real when he heard the explosion
Only …
35. As soon as the zookeeper opened the gate of the cage, the lion jumped right out of it.
No sooner…
36. They were not aware of their difficult situation until they ran out of water.
Not until…
➢ TOO / ENOUGH
Rachel wasn’t …
It was while…
It is…
What…
➢ PURPOSE CLAUSES
43. They were vaccinated to make it possible for them to go on their honeymoon to Africa.
44. Last Saturday he had a nap because he wanted to stay awake at night.
➢ HAD BETTER
You’d …
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Unit 16: MIXED REPHRASING PRACTICE 2 -key
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
Don’t touch the match or you’ll burn your finger.
If I were you I wouldn’t touch the match.
I didn’t notice the man was in danger, so I didn’t help him.
If I had noticed the man was in danger, I would have helped him.
I’ll have a puff if it doesn’t bother you.
Unless it bothers you, I’ll have a puff.
He felt seasick because he hadn’t taken his pills.
If he had taken his pills he wouldn’t have felt seasick.
PASSIVES
Police think the murderer is in his twenties.
The murderer is thought to be in his twenties.
A German company makes the spare parts.
The spare parts are made by a German company.
People believe that the murder occurred at three o’clock
It is believed that the murder occurred at three o’clock.
I know they will not tell me the truth.
I know I will not be told the truth.
Passengers must not unfasten their safety belts before the aircraft comes to a stop.
The safety belts must not be unfastened before the aircraft comes to a stop.
People knew that the Russians made several experiments on it.
The Russians were known to make several experiments on it.
ALTHOUGH / IN SPITE OF
In spite of its violence, many people in the UK play rugby.
Although rugby is violent, many people in the UK play it.
In spite of his strength, he could not break down the door.
Although he is very strong, he could not break down the door.
Even though he knows a lot about the subject, he makes careless mistakes.
Despite knowing a lot about the subject / his knowledge about the subject, he makes careless mistakes.
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RELATIVE CLAUSES (WHO)
A man came to see me. He was Jean’s father.
The man who came to see me was Jean’s father.
Paul McCartney had a daughter six years ago. Paul McCartney is 66.
Paul McCartney, who is 66, had a daughter six years ago
INVERSIONS
He realised that the threat was real when he heard the explosion
Only when he heard the explosion did he realise that the threat was real.
As soon as the zookeeper opened the gate of the cage, the lion jumped right out of it.
No sooner did the zookeeper open the gate of the cage than the lion jumped right out of it.
They were not aware of their difficult situation until they ran out of water.
Not until they ran out of water were they aware of their difficult situation.
TOO / ENOUGH
Rachel was too incompetent to be trusted.
Rachel wasn’t competent enough to be trusted.
You always find time to go out for a beer.
You are never too busy to go out for a beer
This diamond ring is too expensive, he can’t buy it.
This diamond ring is too expensive for him to buy.
PURPOSE CLAUSES
They were vaccinated to make it possible for them to go on their honeymoon to Africa.
They were vaccinated so that they could go on their honeymoon to Africa.
Last Saturday he had a nap because he wanted to stay awake at night.
Last Saturday he had a nap so that he could stay awake at night.
HAD BETTER
You shouldn’t eat salty things.
You had better not eat salty things.
If you don’t apologise immediately you won’t see me again.
You’d better apologise immediately or you wont see me again.
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QUICK REVIEW OF VERB TENSES
PRESENT +: I work / he works +: I am working +: I have worked /she has +: I have been living
-: I don't work / he doesn't work -: you aren't working worked -: I haven't been living
? : do you work / does he work? ? : is he working ? -: you haven't seen ?: Have you been living?
* for, since
ever, just
PAST +: I worked / I bought +: I was working / you were +: I had bought / I had worked +: I had been listening
-: I didn't buy/ I didn't work working ... -: I hadn't bought -: I hadn't been listening
? : did you buy ? -: he wasn't working ?: had you bought? ? : Had you been listening?
* yesterday
ago
last ......
FUTURE +: I will + infinitive (I will come, +: I will be listening +: I will have listened +: I will have been watching
he will come) -_:I will not (won't) be listening -: I will not (won't) have listened -: I won't have been watching
-: He will not (won't) come ?: Will you be coming? ? : Will you have finished ? : Will you have been watching