Probability and Statistics PDF
Probability and Statistics PDF
UNIT-I
4. Calculate
te the mean for the following data
[a] Less frequency [b] highest frequency [c] highest x value [d] none of these
23 21
32 30
97 29
89 30
14. X and Y are two players, the coefficient of variation is 11 and 18 respectively. Then which
[a ] [b] [c ]
[d]none of these
[a ] [b] [c ]
[d]none of these
[a ] [b] [c ]
[d]none of these
[a] [b
[b] [c] [d] none of these
26. Quartile Deviation [QD] is
28. Variance is
4, 15 , 19 , 21 , 25 , 38
X F
11 33
72 44
23 55
76 44
90 33
2,8,4,5,7,9,3,6
67 , 29 , 50 , 44 , 33 ,71
56,12,45,37,28,61
12 11
19 10
45 11
38 101
90 111
47. Find the mean of the following for a discrete data with frequency , if Ʃfd=250 , Ʃfx=750 , Ʃf=100
1 c 11 A 21 b 31 A 41 a
2 a 12 B 22 c 32 B 42 b
3 b 13 C 23 a 33 C 43 c
4 a 14 A 24 b 34 C 44 b
5 b 15 B 25 c 35 B 45 a
6 a 16 A 26 c 36 A 46 a
7 b 17 A 27 a 37 A 47 a
8 a 18 C 28 b 38 C 48 c
9 c 19 C 29 c 39 B 49 a
10 b 20 A 30 b 40 A 50 b
UNIT-II
2. The two distribution may have the same mean and standard deviation but it differ widely in their -------.
5. Skewness refers to the asymmetry or lack of symmetry in the shape of a frequency distribution,the
following statement is given by
6. Measures of skewness tells us the direction and the extent of skewness,the above statement is given by
8. A distribution is said to be skewed when the mean and the median at different point in the
distribution,the above statement is given by
12. The spread of the frequencies is the same on the both sides of the center point of the curve in
13. The concept of skewness is often based upon the assumption of the -------- distribution.
15. In the positively skewed distribution the value of mean is -------- and the value of mode is --------.
. a)least, maximum b)maximum, least c)maximum, maximum d)none of these.
16. In negatively skewed distribution the value of mode is______ and the value of mean is .
17. In -------- distribution the frequencies are spread over a greater range of values on the high value end of
the curve.
18. In -------- distribution the frequencies are spread over a greater range of values on the low value end of
the curve.
19. In a moderately symmetrical distribution the interval between the mean and median is approximately
one-third of the interval between ----- and ------.
20. Statistic is the relationship which provides a mean of measuring the degree of -------.
22. ------ is concerned with the amount of variation rather than with its direction.
23. -------- tells us about the direction of the variation or the departure from symmetry.
a)skewness b)dispersion c)moment d)none
a)economic and finance series b)business and finance series c)business and economic series d)none
26. Skewness is present if the values of mean, mode and median are
27. Skewness is present if the sum of positive deviations from the median is ------ to the sum of negative
deviations.
28. Skewness is present if the quartiles are ------ from the median.
29. In case of the skewness is present if the sum of the positive deviations from the median is ------- to the
sum of the negative deviations.
30. Skewness is absent if the values of mean, mode and median are
32. When skewness is based on quartile,absolute skewness is given by the formula for absolute measure of
skewness is
33. If the value of mean is greater than mode then the skewness will be
34. If the value of mode is greater than mean then the skewness will be
a)mean and mode b)mean and standard deviation c) standard deviation and mode d)none
38. Which distribution the value of mean,mode and median are coincides
39. In the case of symmetrical the value of mean,mode and median coincides the coefficient of skewness
will be
40. The degree of skewness shall be obtained by the numerical value say
a) ±4 b) ±2 c) ±1 d)none
a)mode=3mean-2median b) mode=3median-2mean
44. In symmetrical distribution ------- and ------- quartiles are equidistant from the median.
a) first and second b) first and third c) second and third d) none
45. In a symmetrical distribution the third quartile is the same distance over the median as the first quartile
is
a) 0 to +2 b) +2 to-2 c) +1 to -1 d)none
a) P90- P10\ P10+ P90-2 median b) P10+ P90-2 median\ P90- P10
49. -------- is a familiar mechanical term which refers to the measure of a force.
a) kurtosis b)skewness c) moment d)none
50. The arithmetic mean is also called -------moment about the origin.
51. The arithmetic mean of the various powers of these deviations in any distribution is called the
52. The mean of the squares of the deviations gives us the ------ about the mean.
53. The mean of the cubes of the deviations gives us the ------- about the mean.
57. β1 is defined as
58. β2 is defined as
61. What is the measure of the first moment about origin is _____.
62. What is the measure of the second moment about the mean is _____.
63. What is the measure of the third moment about the mean is _____.
64. What is the measure of the fourth moment about the mean is _____.
a) kurtosis b) origin c) skewness d) variance
66. Moments that are not corrected by Sheppard’s process are called
69. Kurtosis refers to the degree of flatness or peakedness in the region about the mode of a ______.
70. The degree of kurtosis of a distribution is measured relative to the _______of the normal curve
71. If a curve is more peaked than the normal curve,it is called _____.
a) 0 b) 1 c) 3 d) none.
a) 0 b)1 c) 3 d) none.
1 C 21 c 41 c 61 C
2 C 22 b 42 b 62 D
3 B 23 a 43 a 63 C
4 A 24 c 44 b 64 A
5 C 25 c 45 c 65 B
6 C 26 b 46 a 66 B
7 A 27 b 47 c 67 A
8 A 28 a 48 b 68 A
9 A 29 b 49 c 69 B
10 B 30 a 50 a 70 A
11 B 31 b 51 b 71 C
12 B 32 a 52 b 72 A
13 C 33 b 53 c 73 B
14 A 34 a 54 b 74 A
15 B 35 b 55 b 75 B
16 A 36 a 56 a 76 C
17 A 37 b 57 c 77 B
18 B 38 a 58 b 78 A
19 B 39 b 59 b 79 B
20 B 40 b 60 a 80 D
UNIT-III
1) Correlation analysis deals with the association between_______ variables.
2) Correlation analysis deals with the association between two or more variables, the following statement
is given by
a) simpson and kafka b)L.R.conner c) croxton and cowden d)yalunchou
3) If two or more quantities vary in sympathy so that movements in that tend to be accompanied by
corresponding movements in the other then they are said to be correlated,the following statement is
given by
4) Correlation analysis attempts to determine the ‘degree of relationship’ between variables, the following
statement is given by
5) When the relationship is of a quantitative nature the appropriate statistical tool for discovering and
measuring it in brief formula is known as correlation, the following statement is given by
6) “Correlation is an analysis of the covariation between two or more variables, the following statement is
given by
7) σ x is denoted by
8. σ y is denoted by
a) Standard deviation of series Y b) Standard deviation of series X
c) Standard deviation of series Z d) none
a) R= 1- ∑
6 D2 6 ∑ D2 6 ∑ D2
b) R= c) R= 1+ d) none
N3 − N N3 − N N3 + N
27. The rank correlation coefficient is denoted by ______.
a) r b) R c) D d) N
28. The value of r is said to be strong, whenever the value of r lies in the interval is ______.
a) [0,1] b) [0.85, 1] c) [ 0.5, 1] d) none
29. The two variables X and Y are said to be independent if
a) r> 0 b) r < 0 c) r = 0 d) none
30. The correlation between the two variables X and Y is strictly positive means
a) X and Y are behaving similarly b) X and Y are behaving oppositely
c) both a)and b) d) none
31. If the average relationship between two variables in terms of the original units of the data is said to be
_______.
a) correlation b) regression c) rank correlation d) none
32. Regression analysis attempts to establish the ‘nature of the relationship’ between variables, the
following statement is given by
a) Morris Hamburg b) Taro Yamane c) Ya-Lun Chou d) none
33. One of the most frequently used techniques in economics and business research, to find a relation
between two or more variables,the following statement is given by
a) Morris Hamburg b) Taro Yamane c) Ya-Lun Chou d) none
34. In regression analysis the variable which is used to predict the variable of interest is called ______
variable.
a) independent b) dependent c) both a) and b) d) none
35. In regression analysis the variable we are trying to predict is called ______ variable.
a) independent b) dependent c) both a) and b) d) none
36. The term linear means that an equation of a straight line of the form is _____.
a) Y = a-bX b) Y = a-X c) Y=a+bX d)Y=a-b
37. _______ describes the average relationship existing between X and Y variables.
a) Regression b) Correlation c) Rank correlation d) Regression line
38. In correlation analysis, the measure of directions rxyand ryx(rxy=ryx) are _____.
a) symmetric b) not symmetric c) independent d) dependent
39. In regression analysis, the regression coefficients bxyand byx (bxy≠byx) are _____.
a) symmetric b) not symmetric c) independent d) dependent
c) X + X = r (Y + Y ) d) X − X = r (Y − Y )
49. When deviations taken from assumed mean, the two regression equation of Y on X is___.
a) Y + Y = r σ x ( X + X ) b) Y − Y = r σ x ( X − X )
σ y σ y
c) X + X = r (Y + Y ) d) X − X = r (Y − Y )
50. The term ‘regression analysis’ refers to the methods by which estimates are made of the values of a
variable from a knowledge of the values of one or more than other variables, the following statement is
given by
a) Morris Hamburg b) Taro Yamane c) Ya-Lun Chou d) none
1 c 11 a 21 D 31 b 41 c
2 a 12 b 22 D 32 c 42 a
3 b 13 a 23 C 33 b 43 a
4 d 14 b 24 B 34 a 44 b
5 c 15 a 25 A 35 b 45 b
6 d 16 c 26 A 36 c 46 a
7 b 17 d 27 D 37 d 47 a
8 a 18 c 28 B 38 a 48 b
9 a 19 b 29 C 39 b 49 b
10 b 20 c 30 A 40 b 50 a
UNIT-IV
6. If A and B are mutually exclusive events then the probability of occurrence of either A or B denoted by
P(AUB)_______________.
7. The term _____________refers to describe an act which can be repeated under some given conditions.
9. If any of the event cannot take place then its probability shall be _____________.
a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) -1
10. If an event is certain then its probability shall be _________.
a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) 2
11.If two events A and B are independent the probability that they both will occur is equal to the
__________ of their individual probability .
12. If two events A and B are independent then P(A and B) =_________________.
13. An event which may or maynot occur while performing a certain random experiment is known as
a________________.
14. An event whose occurrence is inevitable when a certain random experiment is performed is called a
______________.
15. Two events are said to be __________when both event cannot happen simultaneously in a single trial.
16. If two events A and B are mutually exclusive events , then P(AB)=___________.
a) 1 b) -1 c) 0 d) none
18. If in two or more events,the outcome of one event does not affect the other,then those events are said to
be _________events.
19.________events are those in which the occurrence or non-occurrence of one event in any one trail affects
the probability of the other events in other trail.
20. Events are said to be __________when one does not occur more often than the others.
21. In _________ events we consider the probability of happening or not happening of single events.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 6 d) 4
a) 6n b) 6n c)n6 d) 2n
26. If two events A and B are mutually exclusive and exhaustive then A is called _________ of B.
27.If two events A and B are mutually exclusive ,then P(A or B) =_________.
30.When two events A and B are not mutually exclusive ,then P(A or B) = ________.
31.When three events A,B and C are mutually exclusive ,then P(A or B or C)=_________.
32.When three events A,B ,C are not mutually exclusive , then P(A or B or C)=_______.
a)P(A)+P(B)+P(C) b) P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-P(AB)-P(AC)-P(BC)+P(ABC)
c)P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-P(AB)-P(AC) d) none
33. Two events A and B are said to be _______ when B can occur only when A is known to have occurred .
a) independent b) dependent c) equally likely events d) none
34. The probability of a particular event A, given information about the occurrence of another event B, this
probability is referred to as _______ probability.
a) joint b) marginal c) conditional d) classical
35. Conditional probability is denoted by _______ when probability of A given that B has occurred.
a) P(A/B) b) P(B/A) c) P(A) d) P(B)
36. If two events A and B are dependent, then the conditional probability of B given A is ______.
a) P(B/A) = P(AB)/P(A) b) P(B/A) = P(AB)/P(B) c) P(B/A) = P(B) d) none
37. If three events A,B and C are dependent, then P(ABC) is given by
a) P(A) x P(B/A) b) P(A) x P(A/B) c) P(A) x P(B/A) x P(C/AB) d) none
38. A bag contains 5 white and 3 black balls. One ball is drawn at random. What is the probability that one
ball drawn is black?
a) 2/7 b) 3/8 c) 3/28 d) 1/7
39. Find the probability of drawing a queen from a pack of cards?
a) 1/50 b) 4/10 c) 4/52 d) 1/52
40. In world war II, a considerable body of knowledge has developed known as ______.
a) Bayesian theory b) Bayesian decision theory c) decision theory d)none
41. The purpose of _______ theory, the solution of problems involving decision-making under uncertainty.
a) Bayesian b) decision c) Bayesian decision d)none
42. The British mathematician _______ has published in 1763 in a short paper has become one of the most
famous memoirs in the history of science.
a) Croxton&cowden b) Garrett c) Thomas Bayes d) none
43. If A1 , A2, …….., An be a set of n mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive events and B is another
event such that P(B) is not zero, then P(A1/B) =_______.
P ( B / A1 ) P ( A1 ) P ( A / B1 ) P ( B1 )
a) k b) k c) P(AB)/P(B) d) none
∑ P( B / A1 ) P( A1 )
i =1
∑ P( A / B1 ) P( B1 )
i =1
44. Probabilities before revision by Bayes rule are called a _______ probability.
a) simple b) compound c) conditional d) priori
45. A probability which has undergone revision in the light of sample information is called a ______
probability.
a) priori b) posterior c) simple d) none
46. _______ probabilities are also called revised probabilities.
a) priori b) posterior c) simple d) none
47. The term ______ implies the type of information which a statistician or a decision-maker has on an
inferential problem before any sampling is conducted.
a) posterior information b) priori information c) bayes rule d) none
48. A priori probability which is unconditional probability becomes a ______ probability.
a) simple b) compound c) priori d) posterior
49. The mathematical expectation of a random variable is also called ______ .
a) expected value b) median c) mode d) none
50. The mathematical expectation of a random variable is the weighted ______ of the varible.
a) mean b) median c) mode d) none
51. The mathematical expectation is denoted by ______.
a) E(x2) b) V(x) c) E(x) d) none
52. The sum of each particular value within the set (X) multiplied by the probability that X equals that
particular value is called _____.
a) expected value b) median c) mode d) none
53. A variable whose value is determined by the outcome of a random experiment is called a ______
variable.
a) chance b) stochastic c) random d) none
54. A random variable is also known as ______ variable .
a) chance b) random c) simple d) none
55. If the random variable takes on the integer values such as 0, 1, 2,….., then it is called a ______ random
variable.
a) continuous b) discrete c) compound d) none
56. If the random variable takes all the values, within a certain interval then the random variable is called a
______ variable.
a) continuous b) discrete c) compound d) none
57. The function P(X) which has the respective values p1, p2,…… for X = X1, X2, ….., Xk is called the
_______ function.
1 b 11 b 21 b 31 a 41 c 51 c
2 b 12 b 22 b 32 b 42 c 52 a
3 b 13 b 23 a 33 b 43 a 53 c
4 a 14 a 24 c 34 c 44 d 54 a
5 b 15 a 25 b 35 a 45 b 55 b
6 a 16 c 26 c 36 b 46 b 56 a
7 c 17 c 27 a 37 c 47 a 57 c
8 c 18 a 28 b 38 b 48 d
9 b 19 b 29 b 39 c 49 a
10 b 20 b 30 b 40 b 50 a
UNIT-V
9. The shape and location of Binomial distribution changes as p changes for a given _______.
(a) Q (b) n (c) r (d) none
10. In a Binomial distribution mean and mode are equal if ______ is an integer.
(a) np (b) npq (c) np (d) none
11. The mean of the Binomial distribution is _______.
(a) np (b) np (c) npq (d) npq
12. The Standard deviation of the Binomial distribution is ________.
(a) np (b) np (c) npq (d) npq
13. The poisson distribution is defined as p ( r ) = __________.
e −m mr em mr e −m m −r e m m −r
(a) (b) (c) (d)
r! r! r! r!
14. Poisson distribution is used to describe the behavior of __________ events.
(a) rare (b) regular (c) discrete (d) continuous
15. The mean of the Poisson distribution is _________.
1 1
(a) m (b) (c) (d) none
m m2
1 1 1
(a) m (b) (c) 1 + (d) 3 +
m m m
(a) Binomial distribution (b) normal distribution (c) Poisson distribution (d) none
(a) Binomial distribution (b) normal distribution (c) Poisson distribution (d) none
22. The poisson distribution was introduced by a _______mathematician S.D. Poisson in 1837.
24. When the number of trials very large and neither the probability of success nor the
Ans : b) Normal
X
a) X + σ b) X − σ c) X ± σ d)
σ
27. When the number of trials is very large and the probability of success is very small, then the
X −µ X −µ
1 − 2
1 −
2σ 2
a) P ( X ) = e 2σ b) P ( X ) = e
σ 2π σ π
X −µ X −µ
2 − 1 −
2σ 2 σ2
c) P ( X ) = e d) P ( X ) = e
σ π σ 2π
33. The mean and standard deviation of a standard normal distribution are _____ and _____
respectively
1 a 11 b 21 a 31 c
2 b 12 d 22 b 32 d
3 b 13 a 23 c 33 a
4 c 14 a 24 b
5 a 15 b 25 d
6 a 16 c 26 c
7 b 17 b 27 a
8 c 18 d 28 d
9 b 19 a 29 a
10 c 20 c 30 a