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CLS JEEAD-18-19 XIII Mat Target-1 SET-1 Chapter-2 PDF
CLS JEEAD-18-19 XIII Mat Target-1 SET-1 Chapter-2 PDF
Binomial Theorem
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
[Basic of Binomial Theorem for Positive Index]
1. The expansion (a + x)n = nC0 an + nC1an – 1x + .... + nCnxn is valid when n is
(1) An integer (2) A rational number (3) An irrational number (4) A natural number
Sol. Answer (4)
The given expansion is valid for all positive integral values of n (natural number).
2. If the coefficient of rth term and (r + 1)th term in the expansion of (1 + x)20 are in the ratio 1 : 2, then r is
equal to
(1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 9
Sol. Answer (2)
20
Cr 1 1
20
Cr 0 2
⇒ r=7
3. When n is any positive integer, the expansion (x + a)n = nC0xn + nC1xn – 1a + ..... + nCn an is valid only when
(1) |x| < 1 (2) |x| > 1
(3) |x| < 1 and |a| < 1 (4) x and a are any two numbers
Sol. Answer (4)
The given expansion is valid whatever x and a may be.
10
⎛ 1⎞
4. The 6th term in the expansion of ⎜ x ⎟ is
⎝ x⎠
(1) 10C x6 (2) 10C (3) –(10C5) (4) –(10C6x6)
6 5
Sol. Answer (3)
5
⎛ 1⎞
T6 = T5 + 1 = 10C (x)(10 – 5) ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ = – (10C5)
5 x
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118 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
9
⎛ ax 8 ⎞
5. The exponent of x occurring in the 7th term of the expansion of ⎜ ⎟ is
⎝ 2 bx ⎠
(1) 3 (2) –3 (3) 5 (4) –5
Sol. Answer (2)
The general term
9r r
⎛ ax ⎞ ⎛ 8 ⎞
Tr 1 9Cr ⎜ ⎟ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
⎝ 2⎠ bx
96 6
⎛ ax ⎞ ⎛ 8 ⎞
T7 9C6 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
⎝ 2⎠ bx
3 3 6
⎛ a⎞ ⎛ 8⎞ x
9
= C6 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ . 6
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ b ⎠ x
3 6
⎛ a⎞ ⎛ 8⎞
9 3
= C6 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ .[ x ]
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ b ⎠
18
⎛ 3 ⎞
7. The term independent of x in the expansion of ⎜ x 2 ⎟ is
⎝ x ⎠
r
⎛ 3 ⎞
Tr 1 18
Cr ( x )18 r . ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝x ⎠
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 119
Put the value of r in (1)., we obtain
T7 = (–1)6 18C
6 36
= 18C 36
6
12
⎛ x3 2 ⎞
⎜ 2 x 2 ⎟⎟
8. In the expansion of ⎜ , 5th term from the end is
⎝ ⎠
(1) –7920 x–4 (2) 7920 x4 (3) 7920 x–4 (4) –7920 x4
Sol. Answer (3)
12
⎛ x3 2⎞
Fifth term from the end in the expansion of ⎜ 2⎟ is equal to the 5th term from the beginning in the
⎝ 2 x ⎠
12
⎛ 2 x 3 ⎞
expansion of ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝x 2⎠
12 4 4
12 ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ x3 ⎞
T5 C4 ⎜ 2 ⎟ .⎜ ⎟
⎝x ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
12 28 x12
=
8 4 x16 24
12 11 10 9 28 4
= 4 .x
4 3 2 1 2
12 11 10 9
= 24 x 4
4 3 2 1
9. The coefficient of am and an (m, n are positive integer) in the expansion of (1 + a)m + n are
(1) Unequal (2) Equal
(3) Reciprocal of each other (4) Additive inverse of each other
Sol. Answer (2)
mn
The coefficient of am m n Cm
n m
mn
The coefficient of an m n Cn
n m
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120 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
12
⎛ 2 1⎞
11. If rth term in the expansion of ⎜ x ⎟ is independent of x, then r is equal to
⎝ x⎠
( r 1)
⎛ 1⎞
Tr 12
Cr 1( x 2 )12 ( r 1) ⎜ ⎟ 12 Cr 1x 26 2r r 1
⎝ x⎠
= 12Cr – 1 x27 – 3r
Since rth term is void of x i.e., independent of x
27 – 3r = 0
⇒ r = 9.
(1 3 2a)9 (1 3 2a )9
= 2 9
C0 9 C2 3 2a
2
9 C4 3 2a
4
9 C6 3 2a
6
9 C8 3 2a
8
n
⎛ 1 ⎞
13. In the expansion of ⎜ 2 –7 –8
⎟ , the coefficient of x and x are equal then n is equal to
⎝ 3 x ⎠
n! n!
6
7!(n 7)! 8!(n 8)!
n – 7 = 48
n = 55
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 121
14. If in the expansion of (1 + px)q, q N, the coefficients of x and x2 are 12 and 60 respectively, then p and q
are
(1) 2, 6 (2) 6, 2 (3) –2, 6 (4) –6, 2
Sol. Answer (1)
In the expansion of (1 + px)q, T2 = qC1 px and T3 = qC2 (px)2
Co-efficient of x = pq = 12
2 q(q 1)
Co-efficient of x p 60
2
n
⎛ 1 ⎞
15. The expansion of ⎜ x ⎟ has constant term, if
⎝ x ⎠
20
⎛3 1 ⎞
16. The number of rational terms in the expansion of ⎜ 25 3 ⎟ is
⎝ 25 ⎠
20 2 r
= 20
Cr (25) 3
Hence Tr + 1 to be rational,
r = 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19
17. If in the expansion of (1 + kx)4 the coefficient of x3 is 32, then the value of k is equal to
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 8 (4) 1
Sol. Answer (1)
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122 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
T4 = T3 + 1 = 4C3 k3x3.
Then coefficient of x3 = 4k3 = 32
⇒ k3 = 8
⇒ k = 2
n
⎛ x⎞
18. If in the expansion of ⎜ 3 ⎟ , the coefficient of x7 and x8 are equal, then the value of n is equal to
⎝ 2 ⎠
x7 n 8 x
8
T8 nC7 3n 7 , T9 n
C8 3
27 28
3n 7 7 n n 8 x
8
n C7 x C8 3
27 28
⇒ 6nC7 = nC8
⇒ 6×8=n–7
⇒ n = 55
19.
5 ( 5 1)50 ( 5 1)50 is
(1) An irrational number (2) 0 (3) A natural number (4) A prime number
Sol. Answer (3)
Since (x + a)n – (x – a)n = 2 {nC1 xn–1a + nC3 xn – 3 a3 + .....} therefore
5 1
50
5 1
50
2 50
C1 5
49
50 C3 5
47
.....50 C49 ( 5 )
= 2 5 50
C1524 50 C3 523 ..... 50 C49
Multiplying both sides by 5 , we find that 5 5 1
50
5 1
50
is a positive integer.
5
1 T2 C x 4a 5x
5 13 2
3 T3 C2 x a 10 a
x 10
a 15
x:a=2:3
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 123
11
⎛ 2 1 ⎞
21. If in the expansion of ⎜ ax the coefficient of x7 is equal to the coefficient of x–7 in the expansion of
⎝ bx ⎟⎠
11
⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ ax 2 ⎟ , then ab is equal to
⎝ bx ⎠
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) –1 (4) 2
Sol. Answer (2)
1
Tr 1 11Cr (ax 2 )11 r .
(bx )r
⎛ a11 r ⎞
= Cr ⎜ r ⎟ .x 22 2r r
11
⎝ b ⎠
⇒ 22 – 3r = 7
⇒ r=5
The coefficient of x7 in
11
⎛ 2 1⎞
⎜⎝ ax ⎟⎠
bx
11 a6
= C5
b5
11
⎛ 1 ⎞
In the expansion of ⎜ ax 2 ⎟
⎝ bx ⎠
⎡ ( 1)r ⎤
Tr 1 11 Cr (ax )11 r ⎢ 2 r ⎥
⎣ (bx ) ⎦
r 11 a11 r 113r
= ( 1) Cr x
br
11 – 3r = – 7
⇒ r=6
11 a5 11 a 6 11 a5
The coefficient of x–7 is C6 and C5 C6 6
b6 b5 b
⇒ ab = 1
22. The middle term in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is
(1) 2nCnxn (2) 2nCn – 1xn + 1 (3) 2nC
n + 1x
n–1 (4) 2nC
n – 1x
n
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124 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
10
⎛ x 2 1⎞
2 50
(1 x ) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ x ⎠
= x10 (1 + x2)40
The coefficient of x12 is 40C
1 = 40
24. The number of terms in the expansion of (x2 + 18x + 81)15 is
(1) 15 (2) 16 (3) 30 (4) 31
Sol. Answer (4)
Since (x2 + 18x + 81)15 = {(x + 9)2}15 = (x + 9)30
18
⎛ 2 ⎞
25. The term independent of x in the expansion of ⎜ 6 x is
⎝ 3 ⎟
x⎠
18 3 r
= 18
Cr ( 2)r x 6
For independent of r
18 – 3r = 0
r=6
26. The middle terms in the expansion of (1 + x)2n +1 is (are)
(1) 2n + 1C xn and 2n + 1C n+1 2n + 1C n + 1 and 2n + 1C n
n n +1x (2) n–1 x n + 1x
(3) 2n + 1C xn only (4) 2n + 1C n + 1 only
n n + 1x
Sol. Answer (1)
Number of terms (2n + 2)
Middle term is (n + 1)th and n + 2
2n
Tn 1 Cn x n
Tn 2 2n
Cn 1x n 1
27. (1.003)4 is nearly equal to
(1) 1.012 (2) 1.0012 (3) 0.988 (4) 1.003
Sol. Answer (1)
(1.003)4 = (1 + 0.003)4 1 + 4 × 0.003 = 1.012
6 6
28. The number of non-zero terms in the expansion of 1 5 5 1 is
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 125
Sol. Answer (2)
Since n is even
n 6
The number of non-zero terms = 1 1 4
2 2
75 75
29. The number of non-zero terms in the expansion of 7 1 7 1 is
n 1 75 1 76
= 38
2 2 2
30. The two consecutive term in the expansion of (3 + 2x)74 which have equal coefficients, are
(1) 7th and 8th (2) 11th and 12th (3) 30th and 31st (4) 31st and 32nd
Sol. Answer (3)
Suppose that coefficient of Tr = 74C 75 – r (2x)r – 1 and Tr + 1 = 74C 374 – r (2x)r are equal.
r – 1(3) r
⇒ 74C
r–1 375 – r(2)r – 1 = 74C
r 374 – r(2)r
⇒ r = 30
Hence, the coefficients of T30 and T31 are equal.
31. If the coefficient of rth, (r + 1)th and (r + 2)th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)14 are in A.P., then the value of
r is equal to
(1) 5 or 9 (2) 4 or 7 (3) 3 or 8 (4) 6 or 10
Sol. Answer (1)
If three consecutive coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n are in A.P., then
n n 2 14 14 2
r
2 2
=7±2
9 or 5
10!
=
3!7!
= 10C
3
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126 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
4 1 2 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
9 3 3 9
Sol. Answer (1)
(1 + x)12
12!
Coeff. of x3 = 12C =
3 3!5!
12!
Coeff. of x4 = 12C =
4 4! 8!
4
=
9
34. Given positive integers r > 1, n > 2 and the coefficients of (3r)th and (r + 2)th term in the expansion of (1 +
x)2n are equal, then, which of the following relation is correct?
(1) n = 2r (2) n = 3r (3) n = 2r + 1 (4) n = r
Sol. Answer (1)
2n 2n
Given C3r 1 Cr 1
3r – 1 = r + 1 or 3r – 1 = 2n – r – 1
⇒ 2r = 2 or 4r = 2n
⇒ r=1 or n = 2r
As r > 1 n = 2r
35. The coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4 is
(1) 61 (2) 59 (3) 0 (4) 60
Sol. Answer (4)
(1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4
Coeff. of x5 = 5C1.4C3 + 5C2.4C1
= 20 + 40 = 60
10
⎛ a3 2 ⎞
36. If (r + 1)th term in the expansion of ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ contains a20 then the value of r is equal to
⎝ 3 a ⎠
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 127
10 a30 3r 2r ( 2)r
= Cr contains a20 if 30 – 3r – 2r = 20
310 r
r=2
37. If in the expansion of (1 + x)n, fifth term is 4 times the fourth term and fourth term is 6 times the third term,
then the value of n and x is
(1) 11, 2 (2) 2, 11 (3) 3, 12 (4) 12, 3
Sol. Answer (1)
nC x4 = 4 × nC3x3 …(i)
4
nC x3 = 6 × nC2 x2 …(ii)
3
On solving n = 11, x = 2
38. Coefficient of x6y3 in the expansion of (x + y)9 is
(1) 36 (2) 16 (3) 84 (4) 100
Sol. Answer (3)
9!
(x + y)9 coefficient of x6y3 =
6!3!
10
⎛ 1 ⎞
40. The middle term in the expansion of ⎜ 2x
x ⎟⎠
is
⎝ 3
5 5
⎛ 2⎞
10 ⎛2⎞
(1) C5 ⎜ ⎟ (2) 10
C5 ⎜ ⎟ (3) 10C 243–6 (4) – 10C624.3–6
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝3⎠
6
14
⎛ b⎞
41. The term independent of x in the expansion of ⎜ ax ⎟ is
⎝ x⎠
(1) 14C a9b5 (2) 14C a8b6 (3) 14C a7b7 (4) 14C a6b8
5 6 7 8
Sol. Answer (3)
14
⎛ b⎞
⎜⎝ ax ⎟
x⎠
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128 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
12
⎛ 1⎞
42. Middle term in the expansion of ⎜ x ⎟ is
⎝ 2x ⎠
1 2 231 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 5 16 16
Sol. Answer (3)
t7 = middle term
6
⎛ 1⎞ 231
= 12C (x)12 – 6 ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ =
6 2x 16
a
43. In the binomial expansion of (a – b)n, n 5, the sum of the 5th and 6th term is zero, then equals
b
n 5 n4 5 6
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6 5 n4 n 5
Sol. Answer (2)
T5 + T6 = n C4an 4 ( b )4 nC5an 5 ( b )5 0
a n 4 b 4 n C5 a n 5 1 n 4
n 5 5
n
a b C4 b 5 5
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 129
Tr 1 nCr 2n r x n r x r = n
Cr 2n r x n 2r
n 8
For constant term n 2r = 0 r 4
2 2
Hence the constant term = 8C4 . 284 = 8C4 16 = 1120
46. If the coefficients of 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)2n are in A.P., then
(1) 2n2 – 9n + 7 = 0 (2) 2n2 + 5n + 7 = 0 (3) n2 – 9n + 7 = 0 (4) n2 + 9n – 7 = 0
Sol. Answer (1)
2n 2n
(1 + x)2n = 1 C1x C2 x 2 2n
C3 x 3 .... 2n
C2n x 2n
Given that
2nC , 2nC , 2nC are in A.P.
1 2 3
2 . C2 = C1 + 2nC3
2n 2n
(2n 1)(2n 2)
(2n 1) = 1 +
32
(2n 1)(n 1)
2n 2 =
3
6n 6 = 2n2 3n + 1
2n2 9n + 7 = 0
n 1 n
Cr
47. ∑
r 0
n
Cr nCr 1
equals
n n 1 n(n 1) n(n 1)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2 2(n 1)
Sol. Answer (1)
n 1 n n 1 n 1
Cr 1 1
∑ nC nCr 1
∑ nC ∑ ⎛
n! ⎞
r 0 r 0
r
1 n r 1 r 0 ⎜ ⎟
Cr ( r 1)!( n r )!
1 ⎜ ⎟
n!
⎜ ⎟
⎝ r !(n r )! ⎠
n 1 n 1
1 r 1
∑ n r
∑
r 0 1 r 0 1
n
r 1
1 1 (n 1)(n ) n
n 1
1 2 3 ... n
n 1
2
2
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130 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
1
48. The greatest term in the expansion of (3 – 5x)15, when x , is
5
(1) 6th (2) 5th (3) 5th & 6th (4) 4th & 5th
Sol. Answer (4)
Let Tr + 1 is the greatest term
| Tr + 1 | |Tr |
Tr 1
Tr 1
15
Cr 315 r ( 5 x )r
1
15
Cr 1 316 r ( 5 x )r 1
15 r 1⎞ 5 x ⎛ 16 r ⎞ 5 x
⎛⎜ 1 ⎜ 1
⎝ r
⎟⎠
3 ⎝ r ⎟⎠ 3
1
5 ⎛ 16 r ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⎛⎜ 16 r ⎞⎟ 5 1 ⎜⎝ ⎟ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ 1
⎝ r ⎠ 3 r ⎠ 3
16 r 3r 16 4r
r4
Hence r = 4
Greatest term = Tr, Tr+1 = T4, T5
Hence 4th and 5th term are greatest.
1 1
49. In the expansion of ( y 5 x 10 )55 , the number of terms free of radical sign are
(1) 5 (2) 6 (3) 50 (4) 56
Sol. Answer (2)
Tr+1 = 55
Cr ( y 1/5 )55 r ( x1/10 )r
55 r r
55
Cr y 5 x 10
The term is free from radical sign if
55 r r
and both are integers
5 10
r = 0, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 makes both integers hence total 6 terms will be free from radical sign.
9
⎛ 3x 2 1 ⎞⎟
50. The term independent of x in (1 x 2 x )⎜⎜
3
is
⎝ 2 3 x ⎟⎠
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 131
Sol. Answer (2)
9
⎛ 3x2 1⎞
The term independent of x in (1 + x + 2x3) ⎜
⎝ 2 3 x ⎟⎠
9 9
⎛ 3x 2 1⎞ ⎛ 3x2 1⎞ ⎛ 3x2 1⎞
= Coefficient of x° in ⎜ 2 3 x ⎟ + Coefficient of x1 in ⎜ ⎟ + 2 coefficient of x3 in ⎜
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 2 3x ⎠ ⎝ 2 3 x ⎟⎠
9
⎛ 3x2 1⎞
To find these coefficients let us find general term in ⎜
3 x ⎟⎠
, that is given by
⎝ 2
9r r 9r r
9 ⎛ 3x2 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 9 r ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 18 2r r
Tr + 1 = Cr ⎜ ⎟ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ Cr ( 1) ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ x
⎝ 2 ⎠ 3x 2 3
9r r
9 r ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 18 3r
= Cr ( 1) ⎜ ⎟ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ x
⎝ 2⎠ 3
For constant term 18 3r = 0 r = 6
For coefficient of x1, 18 3r = 1 19 = 3r
19
r= which is not an integer, hence coefficient in this case is zero.
3
For coefficient of x3, 18 3r = 3
3r = 21
r=7
The term independent of x
3 6 2 7
= 9 C ⎛⎜ 3 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ – 1⎞⎟ 2 9C7 ⎛⎜ 3 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ – 1⎞⎟
6 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
17
=
54
9
⎛ 1 ⎞
51. Find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of (1 x 2 x 2 )⎜ 2 x 2 .
⎝ 3 x ⎟⎠
9 9 9
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⎜ 2x 2 ⎟ x ⎜ 2x 2 ⎟ 2x 2 ⎜ 2x 2 ⎟
⎝ 3x ⎠ ⎝ 3x ⎠ ⎝ 3x ⎠
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132 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
In the expansion of
9
⎛ 2 1⎞
⎜⎝ 2 x ⎟⎠
3x
General term
r
⎛ 1⎞
Tr 1 9Cr · (2 x 2 )9r · ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3x ⎠
r
18 2r 9 r ⎛ 1⎞
9
Cr · 2 ·x · ⎜ ⎟ · x r
⎝ 3⎠
r
9r ⎛ 1⎞
9
Cr · 2 · ⎜ ⎟ · x183r
⎝ 3⎠
16
r (Not possible)
3
For the coefficient of x
18 – 3r = 1
17
r (Not possible)
3
Now, the coefficient of x3 in
9 9 9
⎛ 2 1⎞ ⎛ 2 1⎞ 2⎛ 2 1⎞
⎜⎝ 2 x ⎟⎠ x ⎜⎝ 2x ⎟⎠ 2 x ⎜⎝ 2 x ⎟⎠
3x 3x 3x
9
⎛ 2 1⎞
= Coefficient of x3 in ⎜ 2 x ⎟ +
⎝ 3x ⎠
9 9
⎛ 2 1⎞ ⎛ 2 1⎞
coefficient of x2 ⎜ 2 x ⎟ in + 2 × Coefficient of x in ⎜ 2 x ⎟
⎝ 3x ⎠ ⎝ 3x ⎠
5
⎛ 1⎞
9C5 · 295 · ⎜ ⎟ 0 2(0)
⎝ 3⎠
9876 4 1 224
·2 · 5
432 3 27
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 133
52. If in the expansion of (1 + x)m (1 – x)n, the coefficient of x and x2 are 3 and – 6 respectively, then the value
of n is
(1) 6 (2) 9 (3) 12 (4) 24
Sol. Answer (2)
(1 + x)m (1 x)n
= ( m C0 mC1x mC2 x 2 ... mCm x m )(n C0 nC1x nC2 x 2 ... ( 1)n nCn )
m
Coefficient of x2 = C0 nC2 mC1 nC1 mC2 nC0 6 …(i)
m
Coefficient of x = C0 ( n C1) mC1 nC0 3 …(ii)
n(n 1) m(m 1)
By (i) mn 6 …(iii)
2 2
By (ii) n + m = 3 …(iv)
By (iii) and (iv)
n(n 1) (n 3)(n 2)
(n 3)n 6
2 2
n 2 n 2n 2 6n n 2 5n 6 = 12
2n = 18
n=9
7
⎡ ⎤
⎢ log2 9 x 1
7 1 ⎥
53. If 6th term of ⎢2 1 ⎥ is 84, then x =
x 1
log2 ( 3 1)
⎢⎣ 2 5 ⎥⎦
(1) 4 or 3 (2) 3 or 1 (3) 2 or 1 (4) 1
Sol. Answer (3)
5
2 ⎛ ⎞
7 ⎛ log2 9 x 1
7 ⎞ ⎜ 1 ⎟ 84
T6 = T5+1 = C5 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
⎜ 1 log2 (3 x 11) ⎟
⎝ 25 ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
7
C5 (9 x 1 7) ⎜ x 1 ⎟ 84
⎝ 3 1⎠
7 6 x 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
(9 7) ⎜ x 1 ⎟ 84
2 ⎝ 3 1⎠
9 x 1 7
4 9x 1 + 7 = 4(3x 1 + 1)
3 x 1 1
9x
7 4 (3 x 1 1)
9
⎛ 3x ⎞
9 x 63 36 ⎜ 1⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
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134 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
9x + 63 = 12.3x + 36
Let 3x = y
y2 = 63 = 12y + 36
y2 12y + 27 = 0
y = 3, y = 9
3x = 3 or 9 x = 1, 2
13 14
or 1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + 13 = 13 7 91
2
56. The value of 13C + 13C + 13C + 13C + 13C + 13C + 13C is equal to
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
2 1
13
213 1
(1) 212 (2) 211 (3) (4)
2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
13C + 13C8 + ..... + 13C13 = ?
7
13C + 13C + ..... + 13C + 13C + 13C + ..... + 13C = 213
0 1 6 7 8 13
13C
7 + 13C
8 + ..... + 13C
13 = 212
57. If sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (2x + 3y – 2z)n is 2187 then the greatest coefficient in the
expansion of (1 + x)n
(1) 30 (2) 40 (3) 28 (4) 35
Sol. Answer (4)
Sum is obtained by putting x = y = z = 1
Sum = (2 + 3 2)n
3n = 2187 n = 7
765
Greatest coefficient = 7C3 = 7C4 = = 35
3 2 1
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 135
n ⎛ C ⎞⎛ C ⎞ ⎛ C ⎞
58. If (1 + x)n = ∑C .x , then
r 0
r
r ⎜1 1 ⎟⎜1 2 ⎟ ......⎜1 n ⎟
⎜ C ⎟⎜
⎝ 0 ⎠⎝
⎟
C1 ⎠ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ Cn 1 ⎠
⎛ Cr ⎞
The general term = ⎜ 1 C ⎟ Tr
⎝ r 1 ⎠
(n 1) (n 1) (n 1) (n 1)n
Product = ......
1 2 n n!
59. The sum of the last eight coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)16 is equal to
1 16 !
(1) 215 (2) 214 (3) 215 . (4) 216
2 (8 ! ) 2
16 16 16!
= 2 C8 2
8!8!
1 16!
S = 215
2 8!8!
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136 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
a+c=3 …(i)
b+a=4 …(ii)
c+b=5 …(iii)
Adding (i), (ii), (iii), we get a + b + c = 6
b = 3, c = 2, a = 1
6! 65432
Coefficient = 60
3! 2! 1! 322
8!
(3x + 2y z)8 = ∑ a ! b ! c !
(3 x )a (2y )b ( b )c
abc 8
8!
= 3a 2b ( 1)c
a! b! c !
Here a = 2, b = 3, c = 3
8!
Coefficient = 32 23 ( 1)3
2! 3! 3!
–8!
= 9 8 –40320
232 32
a(1 nC1 nC2 nC3 ... ( 1)n nCn ) ( n C1 2. nC2 3. nC3 4 nC4 ...)
=a0+0=0
C 0 C1 C 2 C
63. ........ 100 equals
1 2 3 101
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 137
Sol. Answer (2)
As we know that
(1 x )n 1 1 C x2 C x3 C x n 1
C0 x 1 2 .... n
n 1 2 3 n 1
At x = 1
C1 C2 C 2n 1 1
We find that C0 .... n
2 3 n 1 n 1
For n = 100
C1 C2 C 2101 1
We get C0 .... 100
2 3 101 101
n n
1 r
64. If k = ∑ n Cr , then ∑ n Cr is equal to
r 0 r 0
nk nk
(1) nk (2) (3) (n – 1)k (4)
2 3
Sol. Answer (2)
n
1
k= ∑ nC … (i)
r 0 r
n n n n
r r nn n nr
∑ nC ∑ nC ∑ nC ∑ nC
r 0 r r 0 r r 0 r r 0 r
n n
r (n r )
∑ n
nk ∑ n C by (i)
r 0 C r r 0 n r
n
r
= nk ∑ n
r 0 Cr
n n
r r nk
2 ∑ n
nk ⇒ ∑ n
r 0 Cr r 0 Cr 2
n
65. If x + y = 1, then ∑r 2 nC
r xr yn – r equals
r 0
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138 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
= n
C1y n 1 22. nC2 y n 2 x 32. nC3 y n 3 x 2 ... n 2 . nCn x n 1
But x + y = 1
n[x (n 1) + 1] = S
n[nx + 1 x] = S
S = n[nx + y]
n
66. ∑r ( C n
r – nCr–1) is equal to
r 1
n n n n
S= ∑ r (n Cr nCr 1) ∑ r nCr ∑ r nCr 1 = n2n 1 ∑ r nCr 1
r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1
x (1 x )n = C0 x C1x 2 C2 x 3 ... Cn x n 1
Differentiating
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 139
67. The coefficient of x4 in the expansion of (1 + x + x2 + x3)11 is
(1) 900 (2) 909 (3) 990 (4) 999
Sol. Answer (3)
11
2 ⎛ 1 x4 ⎞
3 11
S = (1 x x x ) ⎜ ⎟ = (1 x4)11(1 x)11
⎝ 1 x ⎠
⎛ 11 12 2 ⎞
= (1 + 11C1(x)4 + …. ) ⎜⎝ 1 11x x ....⎟
⎠
2!
11 12 13 14
Coefficient of x4 = 11 = 990
4!
[Miscellaneous]
n 1
= C0 8n 1 n 1
C1 8n ..... n 1
Cn 8 n 1
Cn 1 8n 9
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140 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
Remainder = 1
72. The digit at unit's place in the number 171995 + 111995 – 71995, is
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
Sol. Answer (2)
Last digit = 1
= 2n 2n.2n 1
= 2n n.2n
= (n 1).2n
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 141
74. Let R (5 5 11)2n 1 and f = R – [R] where [] denotes the greatest integer function. The value of R.f is
2n 1
R 5 5 11 I f
I + f = (5 5 + 11)2n + 1
= 2n+1C (5)2n+1
0 2n+1C1(5)2n(11) +…(1)2n+1 C2n+1(11) 2n+1 …(iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv)
I + f f = Even integer
I + f f = Integer
But I is an integer, hence f f is an integer.
Also we know
0f<1 …(v)
0 < f < 1
1 < f < 0 …(vi)
Adding (v) and (vi)
1 < f f < 1
But f f is an integer hence f f = 0 f = f
Rf = Rf = (5 + 11)2n+1 (5 11)2n+1 = (125 121)2n + 1 = 42n + 1
75. Consider the following statements
S1: The total number of terms in (x2 + 2x + 4)10 is 21
20
⎛ 2 1⎞
S2: The coefficient of x10 in ⎜ x ⎟ is 20C .
⎝ x⎠ 10
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142 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
10C0 ( x 1)20 10C1( x 1)18 .3 10C2 ( x 1)16 .32 ........... 10C10 310
Total number of different terms = 21
S-2: Let (r +1)th term has x10
r
20 2 20 r ⎛ 1 ⎞
Then Tr 1 Cr ( x ) ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
x
1
20Cr x 40 2r
xr
x 40 3r x10 ⇒ 40 3r 10 ⇒ 30 3r ⇒ r 10
Therefore coefficient of x10 is 20C .
10
S3 : Total number of terms in the expansion of (1 + x)12 is 13
th
⎛n ⎞
Therefore middle term is ⎜ 1⎟ (6 1)th term
⎝2 ⎠
12
T6 1 C6 x 6
S4: T4 1 T8 1
n C4 nC8
n Cn 4 nC8
n–4=8
n = 12
n
76. If (1 x 3 )n ∑ ar x r (1 x )3 n 2r , then the value of ar, where n N is
r 0
1 x 1 x x
n n
2
∑ ar ·x r ·(1 x )3 n 2r
r 0
1 x x
2 n
∑ ar ·x r (1 x 2 2 x )n r
r 0
ar
So, r
nCr
3
ar nCr ·3r
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 143
n4
77. Let (1 + x2)2(1 + x)n = ∑a
k 0
k x k . If a1, a2 and a3 are in A.P., then the value of n is
n(n – 1)
a2 = nC2 + 2. nC0 = 2
2
n(n – 1)(n – 2)
a3 = nC3 + 2.nC1 = + 2n
6
But 2a2 = a1 + a3
n(n – 1)(n – 2)
n(n–1)+4 = n + + 2n
6
⎡ ⎛ x ⎞ 2007 ⎤
(1 x )2006 ⎢1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎝ 1 x ⎠ ⎥⎦
(1 x )2007 x 2007
⎛ x ⎞
⎜⎝ 1 ⎟
1 x ⎠
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144 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
n
⎡1 3r 7 r 15r ⎤
79. ∑
r 0
( 1)r . nCr ⎢ r 2r 3r 4r ... m terms⎥ =
⎣⎢ 2 2 2 2 ⎦⎥
2mn 1 2 mn 1 2 mn 1 2 mn 1
(1) mn n (2) (3) (4)
2 (2 1) n
2 1 n
2 1 2n 1
Sol. Answer (1)
n ⎡1 3r 7r ⎤
∑ ( 1)r n
Cr ⎢ r 2r 3r ....upto m terms⎥
r 0 ⎣2 2 2 ⎦
n ⎡⎛ 1⎞ r ⎛ 3 ⎞ r ⎛ 7 ⎞ r ⎤
= ∑
r n
( 1) Cr ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ....upto m terms ⎥
r 0 ⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 8⎠ ⎥⎦
n r n n r r
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 7⎞
∑ ( 1)r Cr ⎜ ⎟ ∑ ( 1)r nCr ⎜ ⎟ ∑ n Cr ( 1)r ⎜ ⎟ ...upto m terms
n
⎝ 2 ⎠ r 0 ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 8⎠
r 0 r 0
n n n
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 7⎞
⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟ ...upto m terms
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 8⎠
n n n
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ...upto m terms
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 8⎠
n nm
⎛ 1⎞ ⎡⎛ 1⎞ ⎤
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ 1⎥
⎢
2 ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦ 2mn 1
n
mn n
⎛ 1⎞ 2 (2 1)
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ 1
2
80. In the expansion of (x + a)n, the sum of even terms is E, the sum of odd terms is O, then O2 – E2 is equal
to
(1) (x2 + a2)n (2) (x2 – a2)n (3) (x2 – a2)2n (4) (x2 + a2)2n
Sol. Answer (2)
( x a )n = O + E …(i)
Similarly (x a)n = O E …(ii)
Multiplying (i) and (ii)
( x 2 – a 2 )n = O2 E2
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 145
81. For 4 r n,
⎛n⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ 4⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ 6⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ 4⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ equals
⎝r ⎠ ⎝ r 1⎠ ⎝ r 2⎠ ⎝r 3⎠ ⎝r 4⎠
⎛n 4⎞ ⎛n 4⎞ ⎛n 3⎞ ⎛n 4⎞
(1) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (2) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (3) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (4) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝r 4 ⎠ ⎝ r ⎠ ⎝r – 1 ⎠ ⎝r 3 ⎠
Sol. Answer (1)
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n ⎞
⎜⎝ r ⎟⎠ 4 ⎜⎝ r 1⎠⎟ 6 ⎝⎜ r 2⎠⎟ 4 ⎝⎜ r 3⎠⎟ ⎝⎜ r 4⎠⎟
= n
Cr nCr 1 3 n
Cr 1 nCr 2 3 n
Cr 2 nCr 3 n
Cr 3 nCr 4
= n 1
Cr 1 3 n 1
Cr 2 3 n 1
Cr 3 n 1
Cr 4
= n 1
Cr 1 n 1Cr 2 2 n 1
Cr 2 n 1Cr 3 n 1
Cr 3 n 1Cr 4
=
n2
Cr 2 2 n2
Cr 3 n 2 Cr 4
= n2
Cr 2 n 2Cr 3 n2
Cr 3 n 2Cr 4
n 3
= Cr 3 n 3Cr 4
n4 ⎛ n 4⎞
Cr 4 ⎜
⎝ r 4 ⎠⎟
=
n n
But ∑ (k 2 k 1)k ! ∑ (k 2 k 1)k !
k 0 k 0
n n
= ∑ k 2 k ! (k 1)! = ∑ (k 2 1 1)k ! (k 1)!
k 0 k 0
n n
= ∑ ⎡⎣ (k 1)(k 1) 1 k ! (k 1)!⎤⎦ = ∑ (k 1)(k 1)! k ! (k 1)!
k 0 k 0
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146 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
n n
= ∑ (k 1)! k k ! = ∑ [(k 1)! (k 1 1) k !]
k 0 k 0
n n
= ∑ [(k 1)! (k 1)] [k ! (k 1)!] = ∑ [(k 2)! (k 1)!] [k ! (k 1)!]
k 0 k 0
n
= ∑ [(k 2)! (k 1)!] [(k 1)! k !]
k 0
= [(2! 1!) (1! 0!)] + [(3! 2!) (2! 1!)] + … +[((n+2)! (n+1)!) ((n+1)! n!)]
= [(2! 1!) + (3! 2!) + … ((n + 2)! (n + 1)!)] [(1! 0!) + (2! 1!) + (3! 2!) + …. ((n+1)! n!)]
= [(n + 2)! 1!] [(n + 1)! 0!]
= (n + 2)! (n + 1)! = (n + 1)! (n + 1) = (2007) (2007!)
Comparing n = 2006
83. There are two bags each of which contains n balls. A man has to select an equal number of balls from both
the bags. Find the number of ways in which man can choose at least one ball from each bag.
(1) 2nC (2) 2nC – 1 (3) n! (4) 2nC – 2
n n n
=0
84. The value of C0 · 2nCn – C1· 2n – 2Cn + C2 · 2n – 4Cn – ..... is
(1) 2n (2) n2 (3) 0 (4) n
Sol. Answer (1)
n
C0 2nCn nC1 2n 2Cn nC2 2n 4Cn
(n 1)n ( n 1)n
(1) · C1C2 ........Cn (2) · C1 C2 ........Cn
n! n!
(n )n (n )n
(3) · C1 C2 ........Cn (4) · C1 C2 ........Cn
(n 1)! n!
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 147
Sol. Answer (1)
n 1
C1 n 1C2..... n 1Cn
(n 1)n
= C1 C2 C3 .....Cn
n!
86. For r = 0, 1,..., 10, let Ar, Br and Cr denote, respectively, the coefficient of xr in the expansions of (1 + x)10, (1 + x)20
10
and (1 + x)30. Then ∑ A B
r 1
r 10
Br C10 Ar is equal to [IIT-JEE 2010]
10 10 10
∑ A B r 10
Br C10 Ar ∑ Ar B10 Br ∑ Ar C10 Ar
r 1 r 1 r 1
10 10
∑ Cr C10 Cr ∑ C r
10 20 20 10 30 10
C10 Cr
r 1 r 1
10 10
∑ C10 r C10 Cr ∑ C10 r
10 20 20 10 30 10
C10 Cr
r 1 r 1
10 10
C10 ∑ C10 r . Cr C10 ∑
20 10 20 30 10 10
C 10 r Cr
r 1 r 1
20
C10 30
C10 1 C10
30
20
C10 1
30C10 20C10 C10 B10
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148 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
SECTION - B
1 1 3 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 3 3 6 3
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
10
⎛ 2 a⎞
⎜⎝ x 3 ⎟⎠
x
r
⎛ a⎞
Tr+1 =
10
Cr ( x 2 )10 r ⎜ 3 ⎟
⎝x ⎠
= 10
Cr ar x 20 2r x 3r
= 10
Cr ar x 20 5r
If 20 5r = 5 r = 3
Coefficient of x5 = 10C3a3
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 149
If 20 5r = 15 r = 1
Coefficient of x15 = 10C a1
1 = 10C a
1
10 9 8 3
a 10 a
32
1
a2 =
12
1 3
a=
2 3 6
1 3
Positive value of a = or
2 3 6
3. The sum of the coefficients of all the even powers of x in the expansion of (2x2 – 3x + 1)11 is
(1) 3.610 (2) 611 (3) 210.311 (4) 211.310
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
(2x2 3x + 1)11 = A0 + A1x + A2x2 +… + A22x22
Putting x = 1, we get
0 = A0 + A1 + A2 +… + A22 … (i)
Putting x = 1, we get
611 = A0 A1 + A2 A3 +… + A22 … (ii)
Adding equation (i) and (ii)
611 = 2[A0 + A2 + A4 +….]
Sum of coefficient of even powers of x
= A0 + A2 + A4 +….
611 6.610
=
2 2
4 3
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
4. The term independent of x in the expansion of ⎜ x ⎟ ⎜ x ⎟ is
⎝ x ⎠ ⎝ x ⎠
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 6 1 ⎛ 2 1 ⎞⎞
= ⎜⎝ x ⎟
x⎠ ⎜⎝ x 6 3 ⎜⎝ x 2 ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
x x
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 6 1 2 3⎞
= ⎜⎝ x ⎟ ⎜⎝ x 6 3 x 2 ⎟⎠
x⎠ x x
Clearly no term is independent of x
Hence coefficient = 0
Also coefficient = nCk if k > n
= nPk, if k > n
Hence, options, 2, 3, 4 are correct.
5. If the second, third and fourth terms in the expansion of (x + y)n be 135, 30 and 10/3 respectively, then
1
(1) x = 3 (2) y = (3) n = 5 (4) n = 7
3
T2 = n
C1x n 1y 135 …(i)
T3 = n
C2 x n 2 y 2 30 …(ii)
10
T4 =
n
C3 nC3 x n 3 y 3 …(iii)
3
⎛ n 1⎞ ⎛ y ⎞ 30
Then, we get ⎜⎝ ⎟⎜ ⎟ …(iv)
2 ⎠ ⎝ x ⎠ 135
⎛ n 2⎞ ⎛ y ⎞ 10 1
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ …(v)
3 x 3 30 9
⎛ n 1⎞ ⎛ 30 ⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎠ ⎝ 135 ⎠
⎛ n 2⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ by (iv) and (v)
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
3 9
3(n 1) 9 30
2(n 2) 135
3(n 1) 30
=2
2(n 2) 15
3n 3 = 4n 8
n=5
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 151
⎛ 5 1⎞ ⎛ y ⎞ 30 2
By (iv) ⎜⎝ ⎟⎜ ⎟
2 ⎠ ⎝ x ⎠ 135 9
⎛ y⎞ 2
2⎜ ⎟
⎝ x⎠ 9
y 1 x
(iv) y =
x 9 9
⎛ x⎞
By eqn. (i) 5C1 x4 ⎜⎝ 9 ⎟⎠ = 135
1
x5 = 35 x = 3 and y =
3
6
⎛16 ⎞
6. ∑ (1)r ⎜⎜⎝ r ⎟⎟⎠ is divisible by
r 0
16
∑ ( 1)r 16
Cr 16
C0 16C1 16
C2 16C3 ... 16C16 0
r 0
4 10 9
a2 = 30 + = 30 + 180 = 210
2
10 9 10 9 8 10 9 8 7
= 9 36 16
2 32 4 3 2 1
= 8085
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152 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
n n n 1 n 1 n
(1) (2) (3) or (4)
3 4 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
⎧ n
⎪⎪ 2 ; if n is even
⎨
⎪ n 1 or n 1; if n is odd
nC is maximum if r =
r
⎪⎩ 2 2
⎛ 64 ⎞ ⎛ 60 ⎞ ⎛ 64 ⎞ ⎛ 60 ⎞
(1) ⎜ 2, ⎟ (2) ⎜ , 2⎟ (3) ⎜ , 2⎟ (4) ⎜ 2, ⎟
⎝ 21 ⎠ ⎝ 23 ⎠ ⎝ 21 ⎠ ⎝ 23 ⎠
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
If 4th term has maximum numerical value then
|T5| < |T4| > |T3|
(i) Using |T4| > |T3|
T4
1
T3
3
10 ⎛ 3x ⎞
C3 (2)7 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 8⎠
1 10 3 1⎞ 3 x 1
10 8⎛ 3x ⎞
2
⎛⎜ ⎟⎠ 1
C2 (2) ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 3 8 2
⎝ 8⎠
8 3 x
1
3 8 2
|x|>2 x (, 2) (2, ) … (i)
(ii) Using |T4| > |T5|
|T5| < |T4|
T5
1
T4
⎛ 3x ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎛ 10 4 1⎞ ⎝ 8 ⎠ 7 3x 1
⎜ ⎟ 1 1
⎝ 4 ⎠ 2
4 8 2
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 153
64
|x|<
21
64 64
– <x< … (ii)
21 21
By equation (i) and (ii)
⎛ 64 ⎞ ⎛ 64 ⎞
x ⎜⎝ 2, ⎟⎠ or ⎜⎝ , 2⎟⎠
21 21
10. The value of the expression C02 C12 C22 ....... ( 1)n Cn2 is
(1) 0 if n is odd (2) (–1)n if n is odd
(3) (–1)n/2 nCn/2 if n is even (4) (–1)n–1 nCn–1 if n is even
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
Hence C02 C12 C22 C32 ....( 1)n .Cn2 = Coefficient of xn in (1 x2)n
⎧0 ; if n is odd
⎪ n
= ⎨( 1) 2 nC n ; if n is even
⎪
⎩ 2
(101) 100
1 (1 100)100 1
12. If n is a positive integer and (3 3 5)2n1 = I + f where I is an integer and 0 < f < 1, then
(1) I is an even integer
(2) (I + f)f is divisible by 22n+1
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154 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
3
2n 1
3 5 I f where I is an integer and 0 f < 1
2n1
Let us take f = 3 3 5 where 0 < f < 1
2n1
(I + f) = 3 3 5
2n 1 2n
2n 1
= C0 3 3 2n 1C1 3 3 (5) ... 2n 1C2n 152n 1 …(i)
3
2n1
f = 3 5
2n 1 2n
2n 1
= C0 3 3 2n 1C1 3 3 (5) ... 2n 1C2n 152n 1 …(ii)
⎡ 2 n 1 2n 2n 2 ⎤
I + f f = 2 ⎢ C1 3 3 (5) 2n 1C3 3 3 (5)3 ... 52n 1 ⎥ … (iii)
⎣ ⎦
= 2 an integer = even integer
I + f f = an integer
f f is an integer
Again 0 < f < 1 …(iv)
0 < f < 1
1 < f < 0 …(v)
Adding (iv) and (v)
1 < f f < 1, but f f is an integer hence
f f = 0 f = f
As f f = 0 and I + f f = even integer
I is an even integer
By (iii) I = 2 5 Integer
I = 10 integer, hence I is divisible by 10
3
2n1 2n1
(I + f)f = 3 3 5 3 5
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 155
2n
13. If n is a positive integer and if (1 x x 2 )n ∑a x
r 0
r
r
, then
1 n
(1) ar = a2n – r , for 0 r 2n (2) a0 + a1 + ........ + an – 1 = (3 – an)
2
1 n
(3) a02 – a12 + a22 – a32 + ........ + a2n2 = an (4) a0 + a2 + ........ + a2n = (3 + 1)
2
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
We have
2n
∑a · x
r 0
r
r
(1 x x 2 )n
1
Replacing x by on both sides,
x
2n r n
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞
∑
r 0
ar · ⎜ ⎟ ⎜1 2 ⎟
⎝ x⎠ ⎝ x x ⎠
n
⎛ x 2 x 1⎞
⎜ ⎟⎠
⎝ x2
1
( x 2 x 1)n ·
x 2n
2n
∑a · x
r 0
r
2n – r
( x 2 x 1)n
2n
∑a x
r 0
r
r
2n
∑a
r 0
2n – r x
2n – r
...(i)
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156 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
1 n
a0- + a1 + a2 + …….. + a-n – 1 = [3 – an]
2
Again,
(1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a-2-x2 + …….. + a2nx2n …(ii)
1
Replacing x by – , we get
x
n
⎛ 1 1⎞ a1 a2 a3 a2n
⎜⎝1– 2 ⎟⎠ a0 – 2 3 ........ 2n …(iii)
x x x x x x
(1) (10150 – 9950 ) > 10050 (2) (101)50 – 10050 > 9950
2
999 1 999 ⎛ 1 ⎞
1 C1 · C2 · ⎜ ........ 1 1 ........ 1 1000
1000 ⎝ 1000 ⎟⎠
999
⎛ 1001⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟ 1000
1000 ⎠
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 157
n
n!
15. If Cr stands for nCr =
r! n r!
and ∑ r .Cr 2 for n 2, then is divisible by
r 1
where Cr = nCr
Differentiating
n(1 + x)2n1 = (C0 x n C1x n 1 C2 x n 2 ....Cn )(C1 2C2 x 3C3 x 2 .... nCn x n 1)
n. 2n–1C
n–1 = C12 2C22 3C32 ..... nCn2
(2n 1)!
C12 2C22 3C32 ..... nCn2 = n
(n 1)! n !
SECTION - C
Comprehension-I
If S = 1! + 4! + 7! + 10! + .... + 400!, then
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158 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 159
2. Answer (1)
putting x = –1 in last questions equation (1)
C0 – 2C1 + 3C2 …….. + (–1)n.(n + 1)Cn = 0
3. Answer (2)
y = C0 + (C0 + C1) + (C0 + C1 + C2) +….. + (C0 + C1 + C2 +…. Cn1)
Adding the terms equidistant from the ends we get
y = (C0 + C0 + C1 + C2 + … + Cn1) + (C0 + C1 + C0 + C1 + … + Cn2) + …
Putting C0 = Cn in first bracket
Putting C0 = Cn and C1 = Cn1 in second bracket
And so on
In this way
n
y = (C0 + C1 + C2 … Cn) + (C0 + C1 + C2 … Cn) + … times
2
n n
y= .2 = n . 2n1
2
Comprehension-III
Let n be a positive integer and
(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 + .... + Crxr + .... + Cn–1xn–1 + Cnxn
where Cr stands for nCr, then
n n
1. The value of ∑ ∑ (Cr Cs ) is
r 0 s 0
n n
∑ ∑ (Cr Cs ) (C0 C0 ) (C0 C1) ....(C0 Cn ) + (C1 C0 ) (C1 C1) (C1 C2 ) ....(C1 Cn ) + …..
r 0 s 0
(1) (n ∓ 1) 2nCn 22n (2) (n 1) 2nCn 2 2n 1 (3) (n 1) 2nCn 22n (4) (n 1) 2nCn 2 2n 1
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160 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
∑ (Cr Cs )2
0 r s n
= ∑ (Cr2 Cs2 ) ∑ ∑ Cr Cs
0 r s n 0 r s n
2 2 2 2
= (C0 C1 ...Cn ) C0 C1 ...Cn 2 ∑ ∑ Cr Cs
0 r s n
∑ ∑ (C
0 r s n
r Cs )2 n. 2nCn (22n 2nCn )
2n 2n
= (n ∓ 1) Cn 2
n n
3. The value of ∑∑ Cr Cs is
r 0 s 0
n n ⎛ n ⎞⎛ n ⎞
∑ ∑ Cr Cs ⎜⎝ ∑ Cr ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ∑ Cs ⎟⎠ 2n.2n 22n
r 0 s 0 r 0 s 0
Comprehension-IV
Let n is a rational number and x is a real number such that |x| < 1, then
2 1 2 5 1 2 5 8 1
1 · · · · · · ........ is
3 2 3 6 22 3 6 9 23
(1) 21/3 (2) 41/3 (3) 81/3 (4) 42/3
Sol. Answer (2)
n n(n – 1) 2
We have, (1 x ) 1 nx x ........
2
2 1
Here, nx · …(i)
3 2
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 161
n(n – 1) 2 2 · 5 1
x · …(ii)
2 3 · 6 22
Equation (ii) divided by Equation (i)
n(n – 1)x 2 2 · 5 ·1 3 · 2
·
2 nx 3 · 6 · 4 2 ·1
(n – 1)x 5
2 12
5
nx – x
6
5 1 5 2–5 1
x nx – – –
6 3 6 6 2
n · –1 1 ⇒ n – 2
2 3 3
2
–
⎛ 1⎞ 3 1 1 1
The require sum = ⎜ ⎟ 41/3
⎝ 2⎠ ⎛ 1⎞
2/3
⎛ 1⎞
1/3 1
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ 41/3
2 4
2. The sum of the series
1 1· 4 1 1· 4 · 7 1
1 2
· · ........ is
3 1· 2 34 1· 2 · 3 36
1/3 1/3
3 ⎛3⎞ 1 ⎛2⎞
(1) (2) ⎜ ⎟ (3) (4) ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝2⎠ 3 ⎝3⎠
Sol. Answer (2)
In this problem
1
nx
32
n(n – 1) 2 1· 4 1
x ·
2 1· 2 34
Solving above two we get,
1 1
n – , and x –
3 3
1 1
– – 1/3
⎛ 1⎞ 3 ⎛ 2⎞ 3 1 ⎛ 3⎞
Required sum = ⎜1– ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎛ 2⎞
1/3 ⎝ 2⎠
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
3
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162 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : The number of distinct term in the expansion of (1 + px)20 + (1 – px)20 is 42.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Number of term in the expansion of (1 + x)n is (n + 1).
Sol. Answer (4)
(1 + px)20 = 20C
0 + 20C (px) + 20C (px)2 + … + 20C (px)20
1 2 20 …(i)
(1 px)20 = 20C
0 20C (px) + 20C (px)2 – … + 20C (px)20
1 2 20 …(ii)
Adding the equations
(1 + px)20 + (1 px)20 = 2[20C0 + 20C (px)2
2 + 20C (px)4
4 +…+ 20C (px)20]
20
Hence total terms is 11.
Hence statement-1 is false but statement-2 is true.
10 !
2. STATEMENT-1 : The coefficient of a3b4c3 in the expansion of (a – b + c)10 is .
3! 4! 3!
and
n!
STATEMENT-2 : The coefficient of x p y q z r in the expansion of (x + y + z)n is for all integer n.
p! q ! r !
10! 10!
( 1)4
3! 4! 3! 3! 4! 3!
But statement-2 is false because no conditions is given on p, q, r
If p + q + r n, then coefficient will be zero.
n 2
⎛ nC ⎞
3. STATEMENT-1 : If ∑ r 3 ⎜ n r ⎟ 196 , then the sum of the coefficients of power of x in the expansion of
⎜ ⎟
r 1 ⎝ Cr – 1 ⎠
n
∑ r {(n 1)
r 1
2
– 2(n 1)r r 2 }
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 163
n n n
(n 1)2 ∑
r 1
r – 2(n 1) ∑
r 1
r2 ∑r
r 1
3
2
n(n 1) 2(n 1)· n(n 1)(2n 1) ⎛ n(n 1)⎞
(n 1)2 · – ⎜
2 6 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
(n 1)2 · n(n 2)
142
12
n6
n
⎛ 1 ⎞
4. STATEMENT-1 : The number of terms in the expansion of ⎜ x 1⎟ is 2n + 1.
⎝ x ⎠
and
STATEMENT-2 : The number of terms in the expansion of (a1 + a2 + ........ am)n is n + m – 1C
m – 1.
Sol. Answer (2)
Statement-1:
n
⎛ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎞
Given expression is = ⎜1 ⎜ x ⎟
⎝ ⎝ x ⎠ ⎟⎠
0 1 2 n
⎛ 1⎞ n – 1⎛ 1⎞ n n–2⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
nC0 ·1n · ⎜ x n
⎟⎠ C1 ·1 ⎜⎝ x ⎟⎠ C2 ·1 ⎜⎝ x ⎟⎠ ........ ⎜⎝ x ⎟
⎝ x x x x⎠
2 n b1 b2 b
This will be of the form a0 a1x a2 x ........ an x ........ nn
x x2 x
Hence, number of term = n + n + 1 = 2n + 1
Statement-2, obviously the number of terms in the expansion of
(a1 + a2 + …….. + a-n)n is n + m – 1C
m–1
Hence Statement-1 and Statement-2 both are true but (2) is not the correct explanation of (1).
5. STATEMENT-1 : Sum of the coefficients of last 30 terms in the expansion of (1 + x)49, when expanded in
ascending powers of x, is 248.
and
STATEMENT-2 : P th term from the end in the expansion of (x + y)n is (n – P + 2)th term from the beginning.
Sol. Answer (4)
The sum of last 25 terms in the expansion of (1 + x)49 will be 248. Hence, sum of 30 terms will be obviously
greater than 248.
Hence, Statement-1 is false but Statement-2 is true.
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164 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
n
STATEMENT-2 : ( x y )n ∑
r 0
n
Cr · x n – r y r .
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
Let n be a positive integer and (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 + ..... + Cnxn.
1. Match the following:
Column-I Column-II
1
x
(A) If the second term of the expansion (x 13 )n (p) 5
1
x
n
5 C3
is 14x 2 , then the value of n is
C2
1 1
(C) Given that the term of the expansion ( x 3 x 2 )15 (r) 4
m
is equal to
143
n
⎛ x⎞ n
⎜2 ⎟ are equal, then the value of is
⎝ 3⎠ 11
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 165
Sol. Answer A(r), B(s), C(q), D(p)
1
n 1 ⎛ ⎞
⎛ 1⎞ 5
n
C ⎜ x 13 ⎟ ⎜ x ⎟ 14 x 2
(A) T2 = 1
⎝ ⎠ ⎜ 1 ⎟
⎝x 2⎠
n 1 3 5
n
C1x 13 2 14 x 2
n = 14
n 14
C3 C3 14 3 1
Hence, n
14
=4
C2 C2 3
n 6 6
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
n
C6 ⎜ 2 3 ⎟ ⎜3 3 ⎟
T7 from the beginning ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 1
(B) = n 6 6
T7 from the end ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 6
n
Cn 6 ⎜ 3 3
⎟ ⎜2 3
⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
n 66 6n 6
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 1
⎜ 23 ⎟ ⎜3 3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 6
n 12 12 n
2
3 3 6 213 1
12 n
n 12 = 3 or 1
6
n=9
15 r r
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
15
(C) Tr+1 = Cr ⎜ x 3 ⎟ ⎜ x 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
15 r r r
= 15
Cr x 3 ( 1) 2 x 2
15 r r
0
3 2
30 2r 3r = 0 r = 6
Coefficient of term = 15C6 = 5 m
15 14 13 12 11
=5
6 5 4 3 2 1
m = 7 143
m
=7
143
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166 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
7 8
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
n
C7 2n 7 ⎜ ⎟ nC8 2n 8 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
n n ⎛ 1⎞
2 C7 C8 ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
3
6 nC7 nC8
n 8 1 n7
6 6 n = 55
8 8
n
=5
11
Column-I Column-II
8k
to k, then is equal to
9
1 1
(C) In the expansion of (7 3 119 )2007 , the number of (r) 7
r
rational terms is r then is equal to
14
= 8 + 17 I, where I is an integer.
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 167
(B) Tr+1 = 10C (x
r sinp)10r (x1 cosp)rb
C r x 10 r x r sinp
10 10 r
= (cos p ) r
For independent term
10 r r = 0 r=5
The coefficient of independent term
= (sin p)5 (cos p)5 10C
5
1
= (2sin p cos p )5 10C5
32
1
= (sin2 p )5 10C5
32
Maximum value of coefficient
1 10 9 8 7 6
= 1
32 5 4 3 2 1
63
K=
8
8k 8 63
=7
9 9 8
2007
⎛ 1 1⎞
(C) ⎜ 7 3 119 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
2007 r
⎛ 1⎞ r
2007 r r
2007
Tr+1 = Cr ⎜ 7 3 ⎟ (11) 9 = 2007
⎝ ⎠ Cr 7 3 (11)9
2007 r r
For rational term both and must be integer
3 9
r
If is integer then r = 9, 18, 27, 36, …. 2007
9
2007 r
At these values of r is integer
3
2007
Hence total term are 1 224
9
r = 224
r 224
= 16
14 14
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168 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
Putting x = i = 1
a1 a2 a a
then a0 a3 4 5 a6 ......
2 2 2 2
will be equal to
(B) (3 + x2 + x3)2008 = a0 + a1x + a2x2+........, then a0 + a1 is equal to (q) 32008
(C) (3 – x + x2)2009 = a0 + a1x + a2x2+......., then a0 – a1 is equal to (r) 2009C
1004
2009
⎛ 1⎞
(D) In expansion of ⎜⎝ x ⎟ the coefficient of middle (s) 2009C
x⎠ 1005
term may be
(t) 2012.32008
Sol. Answer A(p), B(q), C(t), D(r, s)
(A) (3 + x10 + x11)2009 = a 0 + a1x + a 2 x 2 + a 3x 3 +……….
Put x = and 2
(3 + + 2)2009 = a 0 + a1 + a2 2 + a 3 3 +……….
(3 + 2 + )2009 = a0 + a12 + a2 + a3 + a42 + …..+ = 22009
On adding
22009 + 22009 = 2a0 – a1 – a2 + 2a3 – a4 – a5 + 2a6+………= 22009
a1 a2 a a
⇒ a0 a3 4 5 96.......... 22009
2 2 2 2
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 169
2008(3 + x 2 + x 3)2007 (2x + 3x 2) = a1 + 2a2 x +………
Put x = 0 a1 = 0
a0 + a1 = 32008
(C) (3 – x + x 2)2009 = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + …………
Put x = 0 a0 = 32009
On differentiating
2009 (3 – x + x 2)2008 (–1 + 2x) = a1 + 2a2 x +…………
Put x = 0
a1 = 2009 (3)2008 (–1)
a1 = – 2009 (3)2008
a0 – a1 = 32009 + 2009 . 32008
= 32008 (3 + 2009)
= 2012 . 32008
(D) Coefficient of middle term = 2009C = 2009C
1005 1004
6
⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 ⎤
(A) If the fourth term in the expression of ⎢ ⎜⎜⎝ log10 x 1⎟⎟⎠ ⎥ equal (p) 1
⎣ x x 12 ⎦
⎡ 9 ⎤
⎢⎣ 1 3 2x (1– 3 2 x )9 ⎥ is
⎦
T2 T
(C) If in the expansion of (a + b)n and 3 in the expansion of (r) 10
T3 T4
(t) 5C
1
⎡ 3 1⎤
6 C3 ⎢ x 2(log x 1) ·x 4 ⎥ 200
⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
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170 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
3 1
2(log x 1) 4
x 10
3 1 1
2(log x 1) 4 log10 x
6 log x 1 1
4(log x 1) log x
10
7 y 1
4( y 1) y
4y + y2 = 4y + 4
y2 + 3y – 4 = 0
y2 + 4y – y – 4 = 0
y = 1, –4
x = 101, 10–4
∵x>1
x = 10
(B) Required expansion = 2[T1 + T3 + T5 + T7 + T9 ]
Number of non-zero terms = 5
Tr 1 n r 1⎛ b ⎞
(C) Since ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
Tr r a
T3 n 1⎛ b ⎞
⎜ ⎟
T2 2 ⎝ a⎠
T4 n 1⎛ b ⎞
⎜ ⎟
T3 3 ⎝ a⎠
Now,
n 1 n 1
2 3
3n – 3 = 2n + 2
n=5
(D) 171995 + 111995 – 71995
= (7 + 10)1995 + (10 + 1)1995 – (7)1995
= (1995C1-·71994·101 + …….. + 101995) + (1995C1-·101 + …….. 1995C
1995 + 101995) + 1
= (a multiple of 10) + 1
Hence the units place digit = 1.
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 171
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. If the coefficient of x3 is 1140 in the expansion of (1 + 2x + kx2)10, then the value of k is ________.
Sol. Answer (1)
General term in the expansion of
10 ! 10 !
(1 2 x kx 2 )10 is ·1p ·(2 x )q · (kx 2 )r · 2q · k r · x q 2r
p! q! r ! p! q! r !
p q r
7 3 0
8 1 1
10 ! 10
= · 23 · k 0 · 21· k 1
7!3!0! 8 !1!1!
= 960 + 180k
Now, 960 + 180k = 1140
180k = 180
k= 1
3m
⎛10 ⎞⎛ 20 ⎞ ⎛ p⎞
2. The sum ∑⎜⎝ i
i 0
⎟⎜ ⎟ , where ⎜ ⎟ 0 if p < q is maximum then m is ________.
⎠⎝ 3m i ⎠ ⎝q ⎠
3m 3m
⎛10⎞ ⎛ 20 ⎞
∑
i 0
⎜⎝ i ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 3m – i ⎟⎠∑
i 0
10
Ci · 20C3m – i
30
It is maximum when 3m
2
15
m 5
3
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172 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
3. The coefficients of three consecutive terms of (1 + x)n+5 are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14. Then n = ________.
[JEE(Advanced) 2013]
Sol. Answer (6)
Let consecutive terms be tr+2, tr + 1, tr
t r 1 10
So, t 5
r
(n 5) (r 1) 1
2
r 1
n – 3r + 3 = 0 …(i)
tr 2 14
also,
tr 1 10
5n – 12r + 6 = 0 …(ii)
Solving, n 6
4. The coefficient of x9 in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 + x3) ... (1 + x100) is [JEE(Advanced) 2015]
Sol. Answer (8)
(1 + x) (1 + x2) ..... (1 + x100)
Possible combination of 9 are (0, 9), (1, 8), (2, 7), (3, 6), (4, 5), (1, 2, 6), (1, 3, 5) (2, 3, 4)
So, coefficient = 8
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
= An even integer
F+G=1
I + 1 = An even integer
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 173
I = An odd integer.
Hence, Statement-1 is false.
STATEMENT-2 : We have
16C 16C + …….. + 16C
+ 16
0 1 16 = 2
Now let 16C1 + …….. + 16C7 = 16C9 + …….. 16C
16 =x
x + 16C8 + x = 216
16
C8
x 215 –
2
Hence false.
[R ] F G (5 5 11)2n 1 (5 5 11)2n 1
= An even integer
[R] + F – G = An even integer
F G
RF = RG = 42n + 1
Hence, Statement-3 is false
2n
⎛ 1⎞ (2n )n
2. STATEMENT-1 : The middle term of ⎜ x ⎟ can exceed for some value of x.
⎝ x⎠ n!
1· 3 · 5........(2n –1) n
STATEMENT-2 : The coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 – 2x + 3x2 – 4x3 + ........)– n is ·2 .
n!
STATEMENT-3 : The coefficient of x5 in (1 + 2x + 3x2 +........)– 3/2 is 21.
(1) T T F (2) F T T (3) F T F (4) F F F
Sol. Answer (3)
2n
⎛ 1⎞
STATEMENT-1 : There will be 2n + 1 terms in the expansion of ⎜ x ⎟
⎝ x⎠
Hence middle term is = 2nC
n
2n!
=
n ! n!
2n! 1· 3 · 5 ........(2n 1) n
= ·2
n! n! n!
But A.M. G.M.
1
1 3 5 ........ (2n 1)
(1· 3 · 5........(2n 1)) n
n
1
n2
(1· 3........(2n 1)) n
n
n n 1· 3 · 5........(2n –1)
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174 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
n n · 2n 1· 3 · 5........(2n 1)2n
(2n )n
middle term
n!
Hence Statement-1 is false.
STATEMENT-2 : We have, (1 – 2x + 3x2 – 4x3 + ……..)–n = [(1 + x)–2]–n = (1 + x)2n
Coefficient of xn in (1 + x)2n is
2n 2n!
Cn
n! n!
1· 3 · 5........(2n 1) n
·2
n!
Hence it is true.
3 3
– –
STATEMENT-3 : We have, (1 2 x 3 x 2 ........) 2 ⎡⎣(1 x )–2 ⎤⎦ 2 (1– x )3
So, coefficient of x5 = 0
Hence Statement-3 is false.
SECTION - H
1. If (1 + x)15 = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 + .... + C15x15 and (k = C2 + 2C3 + 3C4 + .... + 14C15) then the value
k 993
of is equal to ..........
1000
(1 x )15 C 2 14
= 0 C1 C2 x C3 x .... C15 x
x x
Differentiating with respect to x
215 15.214
1 k
1
k = 215 15.214 + 1
k 993 = 215 15.214 992
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 175
2. If Cr stands for nCr, then the sum of the first (n + 1) terms of the series aC0 – (a + d) C1 + (a + 2d)
C2 – (a + 3d) C3 + .........., is equal to ..........
Sol. aC0 (a d )C1 (a 2d )C2 (a 3d )C3 ....
⎡ 10 C0 10 C1 10
C2 10
C3 10
C10 ⎤
528⎢ ..... ⎥ is equal to ..........
⎢⎣ 2 3 4 5 12 ⎥⎦
10
Sol. (1 + x)10 = C0 10C1x 10C2 x 2 ..... 10C10 x10
10
x(1 + x)10 = C0 x 10C1x 2 10C2 x 3 ..... 10C10 x11
10 10
∫ x(1 x ) dx = ∫( C0 10C1x 10C2 x 2 ...)xdx
10 10
∫ x(1 x ) dx = ∫( C0 x 10C1x 2 ..... 10C10 x11)dx
10 10 x 2 10 x 3 10 x 4 x12
∫ x(1 x ) dx = C0 C1 C2 ..... 10C10 k
2 3 4 12
10
x(1 x )11 (1 x )11 10 x 2 10 C1x 3 C10 x12
= ∫ dx = C0 ..... k
11 11 2 3 12
10
x(1 x )11 (1 x )12 10 x 2 10 C1x 3 C10 x12
= C0 ..... k
11 132 2 3 12
Put x = 0
1
k
132
10
x(1 x )11 (1 x )12 10 x 2 10 C1x 3 C10 x12 1
= C0 .....
11 132 2 3 12 132
At x = 1
10 10 10
C0 10 C1 10
C2 C3 C10 1
0= .....
2 3 4 5 12 132
10 10
C0 10 C1 10
C2 C3 1
.....
2 3 4 5 132
⎡ 10 C0 10 C1 10
C2 10
C3 ⎤ 1
528 ⎢ 2 3 4
5
...⎥ 528
132
4
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
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176 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
⎛ 2010 ⎞
2010 2010
⎜
⎜ ∑
r .ar ⎟
⎟
4. Let ∑ ar x r = (1 + x + x 2 + x3 + x4 + x5)402 and ∑ ⎜
r 0
ar a , then the value of ⎜ 2010 ⎟ is equal to ....
⎟
r 0
2010
r 0
⎜
⎝ r 0
∑
ar ⎟
⎠
Sol. (1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5)402 = ∑ ar x r …(i)
r 0
2010
At x = 1, 6402 = ∑ ar …(ii)
r 0
2010
= ∑ r . ar . x r 1
r 0
At x = 1, we get
2010
⎛ 5 6⎞
402 6401 ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
∑ r . ar … (iii)
r 0
2010
∑ r .a r
(402) 6 401 15
r 0
2010
6 402
∑a
r 0
r
402
15
6
= 67 15
= 1005
1n 1 1
5. Find nC1 – C2 + nC3 – ........ + (–1)n – 1 · nCn .
2 3 n
1n 1 1
n
Sol. Let Sn C1 C nC ....... ( 1)n 1 · nCn
2 2 3 3 n
1 n 1 1 1 n 1
Sn 1 n 1C1 C2 n 1C3 ........ ( 1)n 2 · Cn 1
2 3 n 1
n n 1 1 n n 1 1 n n 1
Sn Sn 1 C1 C1 ( C2 C2 ) ( C2 C3 ) ........
2 3
1 n 1 1
........( 1)n 2 · ( Cn 1 n 1Cn 1 ) ( 1)n 1· · nCn
n 1 n n
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 177
1
Thus, we get Sn Sn 1
n
Putting n = 2, 3, …….., n we get
1
S2 S1
2
1
S3 S2
3
1
S4 S3
4
1
Sn Sn 1
n
1 1 1 1
Sn S1 ........
2 3 4 n
1 1 1 1
Sn 1 ........
2 3 4 n
2n 1
r n
6. Prove that ∑ (1)
r 1
r 1
· 2n
Cr n 1
.
2n 1
r
Sol. L.H.S. = ∑ ( 1)
r 1
r 1
· 2n
Cr
1 2 3 4 2n 1
= 2n
2n
2n
2n
........ 2n
C1 C2 C3 C4 C2n 1
⎛ 1 2n 1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 2n 2 ⎞ ⎛ 3 2n 3 ⎞ n 1 n
= ⎜ 2n 2n ⎟ ⎜ 2n
2n ⎟ ⎜ 2n 2n ⎟ ........ ( 1) 2n
⎝ C1 C2n 1 ⎠ ⎝ C2 C2n 2 ⎠ ⎝ C3 C2n 3 ⎠ Cn
⎪⎧ 2n 2n 2n ⎪⎫ n 1 n
= ⎨ 2n 2n 2n ........ to n 1 terms⎬ ( 1) · 2n
⎩⎪ C1 C2 C3 ⎭⎪ Cn
⎡ 1 1 1 1 ⎤ n 1 n
= 2n ⎢ 2n 2n
2n
........ ( 1)n 2n ⎥ ( 1) · 2n
⎣⎢ C1 C2 C3 Cn 1 ⎦⎥ Cn
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178 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
⎧⎪ 2n 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 2n 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 2n 1⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= 2n ⎨ 2(n 1) ⎜ 2n 1
2n 1 ⎟ ⎜ 2n 1
2n 1 ⎟ ⎜ 2n 1
2n 1 ⎟ ........
⎪⎩ ⎝ C1 C2 ⎠ 2(n 1) ⎝ C2 C3 ⎠ 2n 1⎝ C3 C3 ⎠
2n 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎫⎪ n 1 n
........ ( 1)n · ⎟ ⎬ ( 1) ·
2(n 1) ⎜⎝ 2n 1
Cn 1 2n 1
Cn ⎠ ⎪⎭ 2n
Cn
(2n 1) ⎡⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= 2n 2(n 1) ⎢⎜ 2n 1
2n 1 ⎟ ⎜ 2n 1
2n 1 ⎟ ⎜ 2n 1
2n 1 ⎟ ........
⎢⎣⎝ C1 C2 ⎠ ⎝ C2 C3 ⎠ ⎝ C3 C4 ⎠
⎛ 1 1 ⎞⎤ n 1 n
........ ( 1)n ⎜ 2n 1
2n 1 ⎟ ⎥ ( 1) · 2n
⎝ Cn 1 Cn ⎠ ⎥⎦ Cn
(2n 1) ⎡ 1 n 1 ⎤ n 1 n
= 2n 2(n 1) · ⎢ 2n 1 ( 1) 2n 1 ⎥ ( 1) · 2n
⎢⎣ C1 Cn ⎥⎦ Cn
n n n!· n! n 1 n
= n 1 ( 1) · (2n )! · n ( 1) · 2n
Cn
n
=
n 1
7. For any natural number n, the number A given by A = 2903n – 803n – 464n + 261n is divisible
(1) 7 (2) 271 (3) 1897 (4) 13279
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
A = (2903n – 803n) – (464n – 261n).
Now an – bn is always divisible a – b, therefore 2903n – 803n is divisible by (2903 – 803) = 2100 and (464n
– 261n) is divisible by (464 – 261), i.e., 203. Since 2100 and 203 are both divisible by 7, it follows that A is
divisible by 7.
Again let us write A = (2903n – 464n) – (803n – 261n).
Now (2903 n – 464 n ) is divisible by (2903 – 464) i.e., 2439, which is a multiple of 271, so that
(2903n – 464n) is divisible by 271.
Also, 803n – 261n is divisible by 803 – 261, i.e., 542 which is a multiple of 271, so that 803n – 261n is a
multiple of 271.
Since 2903n – 464n and 803n – 261n are both multiples of 271, therefore of 271. Since A is a multiple of both
271 and 7 it follows that A is a multiple of 271 × 7. i.e., 1897.
8. The tens digit of (81)100(121)100 – 1 is
(1) 1 (2) 0 (3) 9 (4) 8
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Solutions of Assignment Binomial Theorem 179
Sol. Answer (2)
(81)100 (121)100 – 1
= (81 × 121)100 – 1
= (99)200 – 1 = (100 – 1)200 – 1
Clearly the digits at units and tens place is 0.
9. Prove the equality
12 + 22 + 32 ........ + n2 = n + 1C
2 + 2 (nC2 + n – 1C
2 ........ + 2C2)
k (k 1) k 2 k
Sol. Since k C2 we get
2 2 2
Hence 2 kC2 = k2 – k
n n n
2 ∑
k 2
k
C2 ∑
k 2
k2 ∑k
k 2
which gives the required result.
10. If S be such that S = nC1 – 3 nC3 + 32 · nC5 – 33 · nC7 ........ ; then S is equal to
2n 2n 2n 2n
(1) (–1)n sin (2) (–1)n + 1 sin
3 3 3 3
2n 2n 2n 2n
(3) (–1)n + 1 cos (4) (–1)n cos
3 3 3 3
n n
⎛ 1 i 3⎞ ⎛ 2 2 ⎞ 2n 2n
n ⎜ ⎜⎝ cos i sin ⎟ cos i sin
⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ 3 3⎠ 3 3
n
⎛ 1 i 3⎞ ( 1)n
Now ⎜ (1 i 3)n
⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ 2n
( 1)n ⎡ n
2 3 ⎤
1 C1 i 3 nC2 i 3 nC3 i 3 ........⎥
2n ⎢⎣ ⎦
( 1)n ⎡
2n ⎣
1 3 nC2 ........ i 3 n C1 3 nC3 32 nC5 33 nC7 ........ ⎤
⎦
Equating the real and imaginary parts, we get
2n 2n
S ( 1)n 1 sin
3 3
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180 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment
11. Show that 32008 + 42009 can be written as a product of two positive integers each of which is larger than
2009182 .
Sol. We have 32008 + 42009
= 32008 + 24018
= (31004 + 22009)2 – 2.31004·22009
= (31004 + 22009)2 – 31004·22010
= (31004 + 22009)2 – (3502·21005)2
= (31004 + 22009 – 3502 · 21005) (31004 + 22009 + 3502 · 21005)
Now 211 > 2009
(211)182 > (2009)182
So, even the smaller factor is greater than (2009)182.
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