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    Abdul Quaiyum
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    This document contains questions for a 1st term physiology examination covering several topics: 1) General physiology including cell structure and function, membrane transport processes, muscle contraction, homeostasis, and feedback mechanisms. 2) Blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, blood groups, coagulation, and anemia. 3) Cardiovascular system including cardiac muscle, heart sounds, ECG, blood pressure regulation, cardiac cycle, circulation, and shock. The questions range from short answers to longer explanations and involve defining terms, explaining concepts, drawing diagrams, and calculating values.

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    This document contains questions for a 1st term physiology examination covering several topics: 1) General physiology including cell structure and function, membrane transport processes, muscle contraction, homeostasis, and feedback mechanisms. 2) Blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, blood groups, coagulation, and anemia. 3) Cardiovascular system including cardiac muscle, heart sounds, ECG, blood pressure regulation, cardiac cycle, circulation, and shock. The questions range from short answers to longer explanations and involve defining terms, explaining concepts, drawing diagrams, and calculating values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    75 views3 pages

    1st Term Physiology

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Quaiyum
    This document contains questions for a 1st term physiology examination covering several topics: 1) General physiology including cell structure and function, membrane transport processes, muscle contraction, homeostasis, and feedback mechanisms. 2) Blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, blood groups, coagulation, and anemia. 3) Cardiovascular system including cardiac muscle, heart sounds, ECG, blood pressure regulation, cardiac cycle, circulation, and shock. The questions range from short answers to longer explanations and involve defining terms, explaining concepts, drawing diagrams, and calculating values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    1st Term Examination

    Department Of Physiology
    A) General Physiology
    1. Draw and level the structure of a cell membrane. Write its function.
    2. Name the non-membranous organelles. What are the functions of Nucleus, ER and Golgi
    apparatus.
    3. Name four important constituents in ECF with their normal range/ Give the physiological
    example of sodium, potassium and bicarbonate ion.
    5. Define homeostasis. Explain negative feedback mechanism with an example.
    6.Why positive feedback mechanism is called vicious cycle? Explain.
    7. Child birth is positive feedback mechanism. Explain.
    6. Define resting membrane potential and action potential.
    7. Draw and level a typical action potential.
    8. How is membrane potential generated in a cell.
    9. Write about the origin of normal RMP.
    10. What is platue?
    11. Classify the membrane transport process with example.
    12. What is active transport process? Briefly discuss about active transport process.
    12. Explain the Na+-K+ pump with its function.
    13. What are the functions of membrane protein?
    14. Write down the difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion.
    15. Name the contractile unit of muscles.
    16. Discuss the general mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.
    17. Short Note:
    Meiosis
    DNA Vs RNA

    B) Blood
    1. Name the plasma protein with their normal value. Mention two important function of
    each plasma protein.
    2. What is erythropoiesis? Write down the changes that take place in RBC during the
    process of erythropoiesis.
    3. What is Land Steiner's law? Discuss the mechanism of acute renal shutdown due to
    mismatched blood transfusion.
    4. Define anaemia. Write down the morphological classification of anaemia.
    5. Write down the normal concentration of Hb in male and female.
    6. What are the difference between ABO and Rh blood groups?
    7. Describe briefly the erythroblastosis fetalis.
    8. What is haemostasis? State the role of platelet in haemostasis.
    9. Write down the role of platelet plug formation and clot retraction.
    10. What is normal bleeding time and clotting time?
    11. What is erythropoiesis? Name the sites and stages of erythropoiesis in adult.
    12. Write down the total count of RBC, WBC and Platelet.
    13. Show the leucopoiesis in diagram. What are the functions of WBC?
    14. What are the indications of blood transfusion? What precautions you will take before
    blood transfusion? What are the hazards of blood transfusion?
    15. Define blood coagulation. Write down the basic steps of blood coagulation. Role of
    vitamin-k in blood coagulation.
    16. Describe the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.
    17. Schematically mention the extrinsic pathway of prothrombin activator formation.
    18. Short Note:
    Iron deficiency anaemia.
    Bleeding disorder.
    Haemophilia.

    C) Cardio-vascular system
    1. Enumerate the properties of cardiac muscle. Explain any one of them/ Explain the
    autorhythmicity of the heart.
    2. What is Pre-load & After-load? State the factors affecting cardiac output.
    3. Write down the types of blood pressure with their normal ranges. State the role of renin-
    angiotensin vasoconstrictor mechanism in the regulation of blood pressure/ Describe the
    role of kidney in arterial pressure regulation.
    4. Why is SA node called the pacemaker of the heart? How does the action potential of
    ventricular muscle differ from that of S-A node?
    5. How is cardiac impulse conducted throughout the heart?
    6. Define shock. Enumerate the stages of shock. Discuss how hypovolemic shock is
    Compensated physiologically?
    7. What is Frank Starling's' law?
    8. What is AV nodal Delay? What is its Clinical significance?
    9. What are Refractory Period and its importance?
    10. Name the Junctional tissues of heart.
    11. What is Blood Pressure? Name the Blood Pressure regulating systems.
    12. Explain the Baro-receptor feedback control system.
    13. What is Circulation and its importance. What are the types of Circulation?
    14. Calculate the Starling's forces working at the Venous end of capillaries.
    15. Define cardiac cycle and cardiac cycle time. What are the changes occur during cardiac
    cycle?
    16. Show in diagram the ventricular pressure and volume changes during cardiac cycle.
    17. What is ECG? Draw and level a typical ECG. What information you get from ECG?
    18. What is microcirculation? What happens in the arterial end of the cappilary for fluid
    exchange/ Describe the mechanism of action of fluid in the microcirculary bed.
    19. Name the junctional tissues in the heart. What is plasma colloidal osmotic pressure?
    20. Name the heart sounds with their characteristics. How are they produced?
    21. Short note:
    Refractory period.
    A-V nodal delay.
    Stroke volume.
    Heart sound.
    Heart block.
    ECG.

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