15eel38 Electrical Lab - 1: Voltage Reg Lation of A R T - . D F
15eel38 Electrical Lab - 1: Voltage Reg Lation of A R T - . D F
EXPT. No:
DATE:
AIM: Topre-determine the regulation of an alternator by E.M.F and M.M.F methods - conduction of
open and short circuit tests.
APPARATUS:
Ammeter (MC) 0-1A 1No.
Ammeter (MC) 0 - l0 A 1 No.
Ammeter (MI) 0 - l0 A 1 No.
Voltmeter (MC) 0 - 15 V 1 No.
Voltmeter (MI) 0 - 600 V 1 No.
Rheostats 18 Ohms, 700 Ohms and 200 Ohms 1 No. each
Tachometer 1 No.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
PROCEDURE:
1. Circuit connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram 1
2. With 18 Ohms rheostat in cut-in position, 200 Ohms rheostat in cut-out position, and 700 ohm
rheostat in cut-in position, close the supply switch S1.
3. Cut - out the 18 ohms rheostat gradually and if necessary cut-in the 200 ohm rheostat , the motor
is brought to its rated speed
4. Closing the supply switch S2, the current in the field winding is increasedby cutting out the
700 ohm rheostat and each step note down the field currentand the induced voltage of the alternator.
5. The excitation of the alternator is reduced to its minimum and the triple pole switch S3 is closed..
This short circuits the alternator terminals. The excitation of the alternator is adjusted slowly such
that sufficient voltage is induced to circulate rated current in the stator windings of the
alternator. The ammeter connected in the line indicates the current.
6. The excitation is reduced to the minimum, switch S3 is opened, the rheostats are brought
back to their initial position and finally the supply switches S1 and S2 are opened.
OBSERVATIONS:
DC MOTOR ALTERNATOR
Rating Rating
Rated voltage Rated voltage
Rated Armature Current Rated Armature Current
Field winding Voltage Field winding Voltage
Field winding current Field winding current
Rated speed Rated speed
TABULAR COLUMNS
OPENCIRUCIT TEST:
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Field current If
Induced voltage (Line
to Line voltage)
Induced voltage (Line
to Line voltage)
Note: In the Open circuit test we can excite the alternator to a voltage 10 % more than the rated
voltage
Note: Since there is a short circuit at the terminals the excitation must be sufficient to set up the
rated armature current. Do not exceed the rated current.
GRAPHS: From the open circuit and short circuit test results we need to plot the
following characteristic curves:
1. Field current from open circuit test Vs Induced voltage (Phase value) – Open circuit
characteristic
2. Field current from short circuit test Vs Armature current – Short circuit characteristic
Note: Draw two sets of the above characteristics: one for E.M.F method another for
M.M.F method calculations.
CALCULATIONS:
Synchronous Impedance,
Z S=Open circuit voltage corresponding¿ field current ∈the short circuit test ¿
Rated current ∈the short circuit test
E0 C
E2= ( V + I R A )2+ ( I X S )2
IXS
|E|=√ ( V + I R A )2 + ( I X S )2 V
O B
I A IRA
V IXS
O
I A
Φ IRA
B
|E 0|=√ ( V cos Φ+ I R A )2 +¿ ¿ ¿
|E 0|−|V |
Percentage Voltage regulation = X 100
|V |
Φ B
V IRA
O A
2 2 2 2
OC =OD + DC =( OE + ED ) + ¿
E02= ( V cos Φ+ I R A )2 +¿ ¿
|E 0|=√ ( V cos Φ+ I R A )2 +¿ ¿ ¿
|E 0|−|V |
Percentage Voltage regulation = X 100
|V |
V Vꞌ
O I IRA
The no load induced e.m.f corresponding to the field current I f from the open circuit
characteristic, E0
|E 0|−|V |
Percentage Voltage regulation = X 100
|V |
90⁰ + Φ
E0
V
IRA
O
Φ
Vꞌ
Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Page 5
B.I.T., Bengaluru 560 004 I
15EEL38 ELECTRICAL LAB -1
The no load induced e.m.f corresponding to the field current I f from the open circuit
characteristic, E0
|E 0|−|V |
Percentage Voltage regulation = X 100
|V |
C) LEADING POWER FACTOR LOAD:
The phasor diagram for the alternator at leading power factor load is as shown
E0
If 90⁰- Φ
I
Vꞌ
Φ
V
IRA
O
The no load induced e.m.f corresponding to the field current I f from the open circuit
characteristic, E0
|E 0|−|V |
Percentage Voltage regulation = X 100
|V |
GRAPHS:
Rated Current
B
Synchronous Impedance ZS = AC / BC
Field Current
Rated Current
B
Synchronous Impedance ZS = AC / BC
Field Current
90⁰ + Φ
Field Current
Field Current