ID: 98474d87

Name: Remalyn Fajardo

This is Algebra teaching skill test, which means that all problems must be methodically solved and
each step should be explained. Otherwise, the task will not be considered completed. Sketch and
graph problems if needed. If you use a theorem (or property) to solve a problem, state which
theorem (or property) you use and why. You do not need to prove it, unless it is required in the task.
Make sure you answer every question. Good luck!

1.

Permutation is one of the ways of arranging or ordering a set of objects. For 𝒓

objects taken from 𝒏 unlike objects, the number of ordered arrangements or
permutations is given by
𝒏!
𝑷𝒏𝒓 =
( 𝒏 − 𝒓) !

In this problem, we have 𝒏 = 𝟖 and 𝒓 = 𝟓. Thus, the number of permutations

that can be made is
𝟖!
𝑷𝟖𝟓 = = 𝟔𝟕𝟐𝟎
(𝟖 − 𝟓)!

Hence, Jamie can arrange 5 of his 8 trophies in 𝟔𝟕𝟐𝟎 different ways.

Here, we use the permutation formula in solving for the number of

arrangements since the order is important in this situation.
2.

Let the sides of the small square at the center be s (in ft) such that the figure
can be presented as shown below:
3s

3s
s
3s s s
s

s
2s
3s

As shown, we represent the side of the large square and the rectangles in terms
of the s. The side of the large square is 3s while the length and width of the
rectangle are 2s and s, respectively. With these representations, we can have
the equations for the area of each shape as follows:
a. Rectangle: 𝑹 = 𝒍 × 𝒘 = 𝟐𝒔 × 𝒔 = 𝟐𝒔𝟐
b. Center square: 𝑺𝒄 = 𝒔𝟐
c. Large square: 𝑺𝑳 = (𝟑𝒔)𝟐 = 𝟗𝒔𝟐
Note that we are given the total area as 𝑺𝑳 = 𝟖𝟏 𝐟𝐭 𝟐. Now, we can use this to
solve for the value of 𝒔 using the equation in for the area of the outer square:
𝑺𝒐 = 𝟗𝒔𝟐
𝟖𝟏 𝐟𝐭 𝟐 = 𝟗𝒔𝟐
𝟖𝟏 𝐟𝐭 𝟐
𝒔𝟐 =
𝟗
𝒔𝟐 = 𝟗 𝐟𝐭 𝟐
𝒔 = √𝟗 𝐟𝐭 𝟐
𝒔 = 𝟑 𝐟𝐭
Since we now know the value of 𝒔, the area of each rectangle can then be
computed easily using its equation:
𝑹 = 𝟐𝒔𝟐 = 𝟐(𝟑 𝐟𝐭)𝟐 = 𝟐(𝟗 𝐟𝐭 𝟐 ) = 𝟏𝟖 𝐟𝐭 𝟐
Now, the dimensions of each rectangle are:
a. Length: 𝑳 = 𝟐𝒔 = 𝟐(𝟑 𝐟𝐭) = 𝟔 𝐟𝐭
b. Width: 𝒘 = 𝒔 = 𝟑 𝐟𝐭

Therefore, the equation for the area of the rectangle in terms of the side of the
center square 𝑠 is given by 𝑹 = 𝟐𝒔𝟐 . Furthermore, this rectangle has an area of
𝟏𝟖 𝐟𝐭 𝟐 and dimensions 𝑳 = 𝟔 𝐟𝐭 and 𝒘 = 𝟑 𝐟𝐭.
3.

As we can observe, the given sequence is a geometric sequence with 𝒂 = 𝟏 as

𝟓
the first term and 𝒓 = as the common ratio.
𝟐

The general formula for geometric sequence is given by

𝑨𝒏 = 𝒂𝒓𝒏−𝟏

where 𝑨𝒏 is the 𝒏𝒕𝒉 term.

To be able to determine the greatest term of the sequence with a value less
than 5000, we first assume 𝑨𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 and solve for 𝒏:
𝑨𝒏 = 𝒂𝒓𝒏−𝟏

𝟓 𝒏−𝟏
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 = ( )
𝟐
𝟓 𝒏−𝟏
𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 (( ) ) Take the logarithm of both sides.
𝟐
𝟓 Apply the logarithmic property:
𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎) = (𝐧 − 𝟏)𝐥𝐨𝐠 ( ) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝐛 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒂)
𝟐
𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎)
=𝒏−𝟏
𝟓
𝐥𝐨𝐠 ( )
𝟐
𝟗. 𝟑 = 𝒏 − 𝟏
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟑
Since the value of 𝒏 must be an integer, then we can expect using 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎 would
give the value of the greatest term that is less than 5000. Solving for 𝑨𝟏𝟎 yields:
𝑨𝟏𝟎 = 𝒂𝒓𝟏𝟎−𝟏
𝟓 𝟗
𝑨𝟏𝟎 = ( )
𝟐
𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝑨𝟏𝟎 = (Decimal: 𝟑𝟖𝟏𝟒. 𝟔𝟗𝟕𝟐𝟔 )
𝟓𝟏𝟐

Therefore, the greatest term of the sequence that is less than 5000 is the 𝟏𝟎𝒕𝒉
𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓
term with a value of .
𝟓𝟏𝟐

4.

Two matrices are inverses of each other when their product yields the identity
matrix given by:
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝑰 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
To determine the product of 𝟑 × 𝟑 matrices, we multiply each row with each
column as shown in the following formula:
𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝟏𝟑 𝒃𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝟏𝟐 𝒃𝟏𝟑
𝑨𝑩 = [𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝟑 ] [𝒃𝟐𝟏 𝒃𝟐𝟐 𝒃𝟐𝟑 ]
𝒂𝟑𝟏 𝒂𝟑𝟐 𝒂𝟑𝟑 𝒃𝟑𝟏 𝒃𝟑𝟐 𝒃𝟑𝟑
 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝟏𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒃𝟐𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏𝟑 𝒃𝟑𝟏 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝟏𝟐 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒃𝟐𝟐 + 𝒂𝟏𝟑 𝒃𝟑𝟐 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝟏𝟑 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒃𝟐𝟑 + 𝒂𝟏𝟑 𝒃𝟑𝟑
𝑨𝑩 = [𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒃𝟏𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒃𝟐𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐𝟑 𝒃𝟑𝟏 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒃𝟏𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒃𝟐𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐𝟑 𝒃𝟑𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒃𝟏𝟑 + 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒃𝟐𝟑 + 𝒂𝟐𝟑 𝒃𝟑𝟑 ]
𝒂𝟑𝟏 𝒃𝟏𝟏 + 𝒂𝟑𝟐 𝒃𝟐𝟏 + 𝒂𝟑𝟑 𝒃𝟑𝟏 𝒂𝟑𝟏 𝒃𝟏𝟐 + 𝒂𝟑𝟐 𝒃𝟐𝟐 + 𝒂𝟑𝟑 𝒃𝟑𝟐 𝒂𝟑𝟏 𝒃𝟏𝟑 + 𝒂𝟑𝟐 𝒃𝟐𝟑 + 𝒂𝟑𝟑 𝒃𝟑𝟑

Now, we will compute the product of the 𝑨 and 𝑩 to determine if they are
inverses of each other:
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝑩 = [−𝟐 𝟏 𝟏] [−𝟑 −𝟒 𝟓 ]
−𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏

(𝟏)(−𝟏) + (𝟎)(−𝟑) + (𝟐)(𝟏) (𝟏)(−𝟐) + (𝟎)(−𝟒) + (𝟐)(𝟏) (𝟏)(𝟐) + (𝟎)(𝟓) + (𝟐)(−𝟏)

𝑨𝑩 = [(−𝟐)(−𝟏) + (𝟏)(−𝟑) + (𝟏)(𝟏) (−𝟐)(−𝟐) + (𝟏)(−𝟒) + (𝟏)(𝟏) (−𝟐)(𝟐) + (𝟏)(𝟓) + (𝟏)(−𝟏)]
(−𝟏)(−𝟏) + (𝟏)(−𝟑) + (𝟐)(𝟏) (−𝟏)(−𝟐) + (𝟏)(−𝟒) + (𝟐)(𝟏) (−𝟏)(𝟐) + (𝟏)(𝟓) + (𝟐)(−𝟏)

−𝟏 + 𝟎 + 𝟐 −𝟐 + 𝟎 + 𝟐 𝟐+𝟎−𝟐
𝑨𝑩 = [ 𝟐 − 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟒−𝟒+𝟏 −𝟒 + 𝟓 − 𝟏]
𝟏−𝟑+𝟐 𝟐−𝟒+𝟐 −𝟐 + 𝟓 − 𝟐
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝑨𝑩 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏

𝑨𝑩 = 𝑰

Since the product of matrix 𝑨 and 𝑩 yields the identity matrix, then YES, the
two matrices must be inverses of each other.
5.

Please take a look at the figure below showing the described scenario in the
problem:

Now, we consider a portion (a quarter) of the inscribed rectangle at any of the

quadrants of the Cartesian plane. The area of each of these smaller rectangles
can be given as 𝑥𝑦. This means that the area of the full rectangle would be
𝐴 = 4𝑥𝑦
Since the equation of the ellipse is 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 144, then we can express
𝑦 in terms of 𝑥 as:

144 − 4𝑥 2
𝑦= √
9

Thus, the area of the full triangle can be expressed as

144 − 4𝑥 2 8𝑥
𝐴(𝑥) = 4𝑥 ⋅ √ = √36 − 𝑥 2
9 3

As stated in the problem, the vertices of the inscribed rectangle lie on the
ellipse. This means that the area of this rectangle is maximized. In calculus, we
maximize a function by setting its derivative to zero to obtain the critical
points of the function. We can apply this concept here by setting the first-order
derivative of the area to zero and determine the critical values of 𝑥:
𝐴′ (𝑥 ) = 0
𝑑 8𝑥
[ √36 − 𝑥 2 ] = 0
𝑑𝑥 3
𝑑 8𝑥 8𝑥 𝑑
√36 − 𝑥 2 ⋅ 𝑑𝑥 [ 3 ] + 3
⋅
𝑑𝑥
[√36 − 𝑥 2 ] = 0 Apply product rule: (𝑓𝑔)′ = 𝑓 ′ ⋅ 𝑔 + 𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔′

8 8𝑥 1 1 On the second term, let 𝑢 = 36 − 𝑥 2 and

2 )2 −1 (
√36 − 𝑥2 ⋅[ ]+ ⋅ [(36 − 𝑥 −2𝑥)] = 0 𝑓(𝑢) = √𝑢.
3 3 2 Then apply chain rule:
𝑑(𝑓(𝑢)) 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑢 ⋅ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
8 8𝑥 2 2 )−2
√36 − 𝑥2 − [(36 − 𝑥 ]=0 Rearrange to simplify.
3 3

8 8𝑥 2
3
√36 − 𝑥 2 − 3√36−𝑥2 = 0
8 8𝑥 2
√36 − 𝑥2 − =0
3 3√36−𝑥 2

8(36−𝑥 2 )−8𝑥 2
=0
3√36−𝑥 2
8[(36−𝑥 2 )−𝑥 2 ]
=0
3√36−𝑥 2

(36 − 𝑥 2 ) − 𝑥 2 = 0
36 − 2𝑥 2 = 0
2𝑥 2 = 36
𝑥 2 = 18
𝑥 = √18

Now we solve for the value of 𝑦:

144−4𝑥 2
𝑦=√
9

2
144−4(√18)
𝑦=√
9

𝑦 = √8
To check if the calculated values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 satisfies the condition that the
𝑥
longer side relates to the shorter side as 3:2, we will calculate the ratio :
𝑦

𝑥 √18 3
= =
𝑦 √8 2
3
Since the ratio is , then we can say that the given condition is satisfied and
2
that the computed dimensions are correct.
Now, we substitute 𝑥 = √18 and 𝑦 = √8 to the equation for 𝐴 to calculate the
area of the full rectangle:
𝐴 = 4𝑥𝑦
𝐴 = 4 ⋅ √18 ⋅ √8
𝐴 = 48 sq. units
Therefore, the area of the rectangle inscribed in the ellipse is 𝟒𝟖 𝐬𝐪. 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬.