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MODULE 2 and 3 Long Quiz LEA3 PDF
MODULE 2 and 3 Long Quiz LEA3 PDF
CHAPTER CONTENTS:
LESSON 1.21 Title and Scope
2.1.1. Title. The long title of Republic Act (RA No. 5487 is "An act to regulate the organization and
operation of private detective, watchmen or security guards agencies" or commonly known on
its short title as "The Private Security Agency Law (Section 1)
2.1.2. Scope. The organization, operation, business and activities of private detectives, watchmen
or security guards agencies shall be governed by the provisions of this Act (Sec 2 RA no. 5487)
LESSON 1.22 Definition of Terms (Sec 1, Rule III-IRR of RA No. 5487).
For purposes of and when used in these rules and regulations, the following terms shall be
construed in the sense indicated herein unless the context of a particular section clearly indicates
that a different sense is intended
2.2.1. Person - shall include not only natural but also juridical persons such as single
proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, companies or associations duly organized and
registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission and/or the Department of Trade and Industry
2.2.2. Private Security Services - shall include the act of providing or rendering services to watch
an establishment whether public or private, building, compound/area or property, to conduct
access control/denial in any form whether physically, manually or scientifically by electronic
monitoring systems, for the purpose of securing such area/property and at the same time
ensuring safety and protection of persons within such areas, to maintain peace and order within
such areas, to conduct private security training, and/or to conduct investigation. It shall also
include the act of contracting, recruiting, training, furnishing or posting any security guard, to do
its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or government-owned or
controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its security guards, for hire,
commission or compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public
corporation.
2.2.3. Private Detective Services- shall include among others the act of prowing personal security
protection, inquiry and information then employment verification and individual background
printing provide aitance in civil liability and personal injury cases, insurance claims fraud, child
custody and protection cases, for the purpose of inte gathering information leading to
determination and/or prevention criminal acts and/or resolution of legal, financial and personal
problems
2.2.4. Private Security Industry - shall cover those in the legitimate business providing private
security and detective services
2.2.5. Private Security Guard (SG) -Sometimes called private security guard n watchman shall
include any person who offers or render personal service to watch or secure either a rendence,
business establishment or buildings, compounds Grebe or property inspects/monitors bodily
checks/searches individuals and/or baggage and other forms of security inspection
physically/manually or scientifically electronic, including but not limited to logging concessions
and agricultural, mining or pastureland transportation, for hire or compensation or an employee
thereof including any employee of the national or local governments or agencies or
Instrumentality thereof and or government owned or controlled firm or corporation who is
employed to watch or secure government buildings compounds premises and other properties
other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the Bureau of Jail
management and Penology Municipal or City jail guard band members of the Philippine National
Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the Government
2.2.6. Private Detective (PD) - shall mean any person who does detective work for hire, reward
or commission, other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. gunrda of the Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology municipal or city jail guards, and members of the Philippine
National Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the government 2.2.7.
-Private Security Personnel - shall be natural persons which include private security guards,
private detectives, security consultants, security officers and others that may be classified later,
rendering/performing security and/or detective services as employed by private security
agencies and/or private firms: h
-Government Security Personnel - shall be natural persons which include government security
guards, detectives, security consultants security officers and others that may be classified later,
except those of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine National Police, Bureau of Jail
Management and rendering/performing security and/or detective services an employed by
government entities
2.2.8. Private Security Agency (PSA)-shall mean any person association, partnership, firm or
private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts any security guard, to
perform its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or government-
owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/sts secunty guards, for
hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or consultant/trainer to any private or public
corporation whose business or transactions involve national security or interest like the
operation and/or management of domestic or ocean vessels, airplanes, helicopters, seaport
airports heliports, landing atrips etc, or as consultant on any security related matter or to provide
highly specialized security, detective and investigation services like gangway security, catering
security passenger profiling, baggage examination, providing security on board vessels or aircraft,
or other security needs that PNP SAGSD may approve.
2.2.9. Private Detective Agency (PDA) - shall mean any person association partnership, firm or
private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains. furnishes or posts any private detective, to
perform its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or government-
owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of hin/ita detectives, for hire,
commission or compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public
corporation or as consultant on any detective related matter or to provide highly specialized
detective and investigation services, or other detective needs that SAGSDCSG may approve.
2.2.10. License to Exercise Profession - shall mean any document issued by the Chief, Philippine
National Police or hin duly authorized representative recognizing a person to be qualified to
perform his duties as private security or training personnel.
2.2.11.1 License to Operate (LTO)-is a License Certificate document, issued by the Chief,
Philippine National Police or hin duly authorized representative authorizing a person to engage
in employing security guard or detective, ar a juridical person to establish, engage direct manage
or operate an individual or a private detective agency or private security agency/company
security force after payment of the prescribed dues or fees as provided in these Rules and
Regulations.
2.2.12. Company Guard Force (CGF) - security force maintained and operated by any private
company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch guard its business establishment
premises, compound or properties
2.2.13. Government Guard Unit (GGU) -a security unit maintained and operated by any
government entity other than military or police, which is established and maintained for the
purpose of securing the office or compound and/or extension of such government entity.
2.2.14. PNP- as used herein shall mean the Philippine National Police, which was organized
pursuant to the provision of RA 6975 otherwise known as the National Police Act of 1991.
2.2.15, SAGSD- as used herein shall refer to the current PNP Civil Security Group Security Agency
and Guard Supervision Division or anv other PNP Office that may be designated later as the
primary office for supervision of the implementation of these rules and regulations.
2.2.16. PADPAO- refers to the Philippines Association of Detective and Protective Agency
Operators, Inc, which is an association of all licensed security agencies and company security
forces
2.2.17. Duty Detail Order- is a written order schedule issued by a superior of usually the private
security agency/branch manager or operations officer signing the performance of private
security detective services duties.
LESSON 1 23 Penal Provisions
2.3.1. Penal Provisions. Any violation of this Act or the rule or regulation issued hereunder shall
be punished by suspension or fine not exceeding P200 00 or cancellation of his or its licenses to
operate, conduct, direct or manage private detective, watchman or security guard agency and all
its members in the discretion of the court together with the forfeiture of its bond filed with the
Philippine Constabulary (now PNP)
If the violation is committed by those persons mentioned under paragraph two section four
of this Act the penalty shall be imprisonment ranging from one to four years and fine ranging
from one to four thousand pesos in the discretion of the court (Section 18, RA No. 5487)
CHAPTER 6- Security Issued Licenses
CHAPTER CONTENTS:
LESSON 1 24 License to Operate (Part 1, Rule IV)
2.1.3. Who may organize and maintain a Private Security Agency and Private Detective Agency?
Any Filipino citizen or corporation association partnership, one hundred percent (100%) of which
is owned and controlled by Filipino citizens may organize and maintain a Private Security Agency
or Private Detective Agency (Sec 1).
4 Not less than eighteen age (18) years of age or more than fifty (50) years (for new applicants
and SGs in new supervisory position); and
5. Has undergone a pre-licensing training.
2.5.4. Qualifications for Security Officer (Sec.4): No person shall be licensed as Security Officer
unless he has the following qualifications:
1 Filipino citizen:
2. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree:
3. Physically and mentally fit; and
4. Has graduated from a Security Officer Training Course or its equivalent.
2.5.5. Qualifications of Security Consultants (Sec.5): No person as a Security Consultant unless
he possesses the following shall be licensed qualifications:
1. Filipino citizen
2. Physically and mentally fit:
3. Holder of a Masters degree in either Criminology, Public Administration, MNSA, Industrial
Security Administration, or Law;
4.Must have at least ten (10) years experience in the operation and management of security
business.
2.5.6. Qualifications of a private detective (Sec.6): No person shall be licensed as a private
detective unless possesses the following qualifications:
1. Filipino citizen;
2. Physical and mentally fit:
3. Holder of a baccalaureate degree preferably Bachelor of laws or Bachelor of Science in
Criminology:
4. Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course offered by National Police or the National Bureau
of Investigation the Philippine or any police training school, or a detective training in any
authorized/recognized training center.
5. Advance ROTC/CMT graduate or its equivalent
2.5.7. Exemptions from Basie Pre-Licensing Training (Sec. 7):
1. Veterans and retired military/police personnel or those honorably discharged military/police
personnel possessing all the qualifications mentioned in the preceding Section shall be exempted
from pre-licensing training seminar and academic/scholastic attainment which is a requirement
for the initial issuance of License to exercise private security profession but shall not however be
exempted from taking the refresher training courses or its equivalent.
2. Likewise, graduates of ROTC advanced/CHEF (or its equivalent in the PNP) Training graduates
shall be exempted from the required Basic-licensing Training/Seminar.
2.5.8. Types of License (Sec.9).
1. Temporary License - initial and conditional issuance while awaiting issuance of regular license
identification cards or in the interim for purposes not covered by Rule V.
2. Regular License - generated Private Security Personnel License Card, duration or validity of
which shall be for two (2) years
2.5.9. Government Security Personnel (Sec. 10): No person shall be licensed as Government
Security Personnel unless he possesses the qualifications prescribed in Section 3, 4, 5 of this rule,
provided he submits an appointment order coming from the Civil Service Commission
2.5.10. Processing Sec. 11).
1. All applications for Licenses to Exercise Profession field shall be processed by SAGSD-CSG for
approval and subsequent issuance of the appropriate License to Exercise Profession, and/or for
disapproval. 2. When all requisites for the issuance of License to Exercise Profession have been
complied with, corresponding license certificate shall be issued upon payment by the applicant
of applicable fees.
2.5.11. New Applicant (Sec.12). Applicants from NCR may file their application for
license to exercise profession with the Personnel Licensing Section, SAGSD, provinces may file
their applications with the Firearms, Explosives, Security Agencies and Guards Section (FESAGS).
Regional Operation and Plans Civil Security Group, Camp Crame, Quezon City. Applicants from
the Division (ROPD) of the Police Regional Office concerned. The requirements are as follows:
1. Application Form for Social Security ID (E-6 Rev 11-2000):
2. Application for License of Private Security Guard;
3. General Knowledge Examination Result (PASSED):
4. Training Certificate (Pre-Licensing Training Certificates)
5. Training Closing Report:
6. Neuro-Psychiatric Test Clearance;
7. Drug Test Result/Clearance:
8. Physical Fitness Certificate;
7. Footwear.
a. Service shoes - Plain black shoes, low-cut rubber soles and heel (maximum of five cms.)
and black shoes laces.
b. Rubber rain boots black - Optional as the nature of post so requires.
2.7.1.2. Service Shirt for Security Officer (Sec. 1, Part 1)
1. Service uniform
a. Private Security Guard. Fast navy blue, straps, two breast pockets with cover flaps short
sleeves, shoulder and navy blue front buttons, tucked in.
b. Company Security Force. It shall be sewn in the same manner as gray and the fabric for shirt.
prescribed for private security agency except that the color is light
c. Government Security Unit. It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed for private
security agency except that the color is white and the shirt shall be fabric "white."
2. Field Uniform. (Optional for cold weather areas only):
a. Private Security Agency. Fast navy blue, long sleeves with buttoned cuffs, shoulder straps, two
breast pockets with cover flaps, navy blue front buttons and shirt-jacket style with overlap waist
strap. Detachable hoods shall be adopted for cold weather area use.
b. Company Security Force. It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed for private security
agency except that the color is light gray and the fabric materials for the shirt. c. Government
Security Unit. It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed for private security agency
except that the color is white and the shirting materials shall be fabric. (Note: A single strand
yellow lanyard may be used to secure sidearm to the shoulder).
3. Gala Uniform. - It shall be worn for ceremonial purposes only and at the expense of the
establishment conducting the ceremonies.
4. Pershing cap. - This shall be same specifications and distinctions as
provided for under Sec, la of this Rule.
5. Blouse. The material shall be of fabric with colors as prescribed for private/company/
government security officers. It shall be tailored as an open coat, long sleeves with a center flap
at the back of the unsewed part of which shall be the same level with the waistline. It shall have
shoulder straps as the service Bush Jacket. Security guard officers shall wear shoulder boards
with the authorized rank design.
6. Buttons. There shall be four (4) big brass buttons to close dress and four (4) small buttons for
the pockets. The buttons shall be plain brass.
3. Response - mobilizes emergency services, such as community response teams and sheltering
groups such as Red Cross, firemen, police and
4. Recovery - rebuilds damaged infrastructures and restores people to normal work.
LESSON 3.14. Hazards, Vulnerabilities and Risk
3.3.1. Rationale. This lesson outlines the various factors to consider in the formulation of plans
and preparation of a security analysis. The reason of an effective and efficient security system
also depends on the knowledge of a security manager of the following: (a) threat-an activity that
could lead to a loss; (b) hazard -a condition that could lead to a loss; (e) risk - a potential loss or
damage to an asset, and; (d) vulnerability - a weakness that can be gained through access to an
asset.
There are three primary functions of security: first is preventive effort to address threats and
deter risk; second is reactive effort to address emergency situation when risk occurs to prevent
further loss or damage of resources, and; last is investigative effort to gather information
regarding an occurred situation and provide for evidences that proves whether there is or no
breach of security existed to be dealt accordingly.
3.3.2. What is Security Hazard?. Security hazard is an act or condition, which results in a situation
like a breach of the protection system and the subsequent loss or compromise of defense
information, company secret or damage to personal, property or facilities.
3.3.3. Kinds of Security Hazards
1. Human Hazard - is the act or condition affecting the safe operation of the facility caused by
human action, accidental or intentional, like sabotage, espionage, pilferage, theft, etc.
2 Natural Hazard - is the act or situation caused by natural phenomenon like floods, typhoons,
earthquakes, etc.
LESSON 3.15. Security (Risk) Analysis
3.4.1. What is Risk Analysis? Risk Analysis is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of
risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and
control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of
opportunities.
3.4.2. Extent and Degree of Risks To Security is dependent on:
1. Relative Criticality of Operation - is the importance of firm with reference to the natural
economy and security (See attached learning material for separate discussion).
2. Relative Vulnerability - is the susceptibility of the plant or establishment to damage, loss or
disruption of operation due to various hazards (See attached learning material for separate
discussion).
3. WHERE - to localize the place of the incident the city or town, the district or barangay, the
street or road, the number of the house or building where questions are necessary in specifically
pinpointing the particular location of the incident.
4. WHEN - to determine and fix the time, day, month and year when the incident was committed.
When question should be specified and as accurate as possible. 5. WHY - to ascertain the motives,
causes, antecedents, previous, incident, related facts, background occurrences that might help
explain the commission of the incident.
6. HOW - designed to help the investigator determine how the incident occurred or was
committed, the means/tools employed, and how the incident was discovered. How questions are
very significant in preparing the modus operandi file report in case an offense has been
committed.
3.9.3. Golden Rule in Investigation. The golden rule in investigation is "Do noy touch, alter, move,
or transfer any object at the scene of incident unless it is properly smarked, measured, sketched
and or photographed. The purpose of this rule is to avoid the destruction mutilation and
contamination of the physical evidences found at the scene of incident.
Tools in Security Investigation
1. Information. It is the knowledge or facts which the investigator had gathered or acquired from
persons or documents, which are pertinent or relevant concerning the commission of an incident.
2. Interview. is the obtaining of information or person that has knowledge on an offense,
disastrous event, or an incident tantamount to breach of security from a certain suspect
3. Investigation Report. It involves the security personnel in the skill of making a report based
from the information he/she gathered during the conduct of investigation following the standard
of report writing.
LESSON 3.9. Interview and Questioning Techniques
3.10.1. Interview and Interrogation defined. It is the person believed to possess information,
which are relevant investigation of an unlawful act or on criminal activities. In an interview, the
simple questioning of a to the interviewee usually cooperates with the person conducting the
interview. Cognitive interview is a form or technique in the conduct of interview upon willing and
cooperate witnesses, where they are given the full opportunity to narrate their accounts without
intervention, interruption and interference from the interviewer. After the subject has finished
his narration, the investigator now subjects him to the style of direct examination and cross
examination, to clarify the unexplained portions to arrive at a vivid and complete picture of the
testimony. In the case of subjects of low level intelligence, the use of leading questions greatly
helps the investigator to obtain the full and desired.
3.10.2. What are the qualities of a good interviewer?
1. Rapport - it is the relation between the interviewer and the interviewee, which is conductive
to a fruitful result. It is winning the confidence of a person being interviewed in order that he will
tell all the information in his possession.
2. The interviewer must be in a respectable civilian attire because most often and the majority
of people, the police uniforms is barrier in qualities such as skills of communication techniques
or the force of his language are the mainstays of the strength of his character. He must be
establishing good rapport. To many, the uniform is intimidating.
3. Forceful Personality - the appearance of the interviewer and other understanding sympathetic
and without showing official arrogance, vulgarity of expressions and air superiority.
4. Knowledgeable of Human Behavior - this will help the interviewer to determine the
personality and intelligence of his subject; he must go down and up to the level of understanding
of his particular subject.
5. Conversational Tone of Voice - his tone of voice must be conversational not confrontational
as in interrogation
6. Acting Qualities - he must possess the qualities of an actor, salesman and psychologist and
Inow to use the power of persuasion.
7. Humility- he must be courteous, sympathetic and humble, ready to ask apologies for the
inconvenience of the interview.
3.10.3. What are the stages of handling the interview?
1. Preparation - the investigator should review the facts and information from other sources in
order that he would be ready for the questioning. A background data of the subject should be
available so that he could accept himself to the kind of approach to be employed.
2. Approach - the investigator must carefully select his kind of approach which maybe a single
kind, a combination of two techniques.
3. Warming Up - this is done by preliminary or exploratory questions to clean the atmosphere,
promote a conductive ground for cordiality, respect and trust for each other.
4.Cognitive Interview - the subject now is asked to narrate his account without interruption,
intervention or interference. It is only after the completion of the uninterrupted narration that
the investigator begins his direct and cross- examinations.
3.10.4. What are the rules in questioning a person involved in an alleged unlawful act?
1. One Question at a Time - multiple, complex and legalistic questions should be avoided. One
question at a time is desired.
2. Avoid Implied Answers - the nod of the hcad or any body language as a response to the
questions should be avoided. The answers must be oral, clear, explicit and responsive to the
questions.
3. Simplicity of Questions - a short simple question at a time required. If the answer needs a
qualification, then, it should be allowed. Avoid legalistic questions such as: who is the murderer,
or who are in conspiracy with the subject.
4. Saving Faces - embarrassing questions on the subject on matters of exaggeration or honest
about time, distance and description can be avoided if the investigator will cooperate with the
subject to save his face. The investigator should not fault or ridicule the subject on these matters.
5. Yes and No Answers - do not ask questions which could be answered by yes or no only. It will
curtail the complete flow of information and will lead to inaccuracy
3.10.5. What are the types of witnesses according to their attitudes?
1. Know Nothing Type - these are reluctant types of witnesses. They are found among the
uneducated and of low level of intelligence. The technique to be applied is go down to their level
of intelligence and by interrogation.
2. Disinterested Type-this is the uncooperative and indifferent subject. To deal with them is to
find out their field of interest so that they will talk. Their indifference should be demolished to
arouse their interest or be flattered.
3. The Drunken Type - the style of questioning by the investigator should be adapted to the
psychology of the subject. When the drunken subject has sobered, another interview will be
conducted, confronting him about his disclosures while in the state of drunkenness. The written
statement must be taken during his sobriety.
4. Talkative Type - these are witnesses who are prone to exaggerate, adding irrelevant or new
matters to their narration. The skillful investigator could prune the necessary matters from the
relevant one.
5. Honest witnesses these are the truthful and cooperative witnesses where the investigator
could rely upon, with little or no problem in handling them.
6. Deceitful Witness - these are the liar type of witness. Let them lie and order them to repeat
several times their narration. They will be enmeshed in contradictions. If possible, the lies must
be tape recorded for the confrontation about their contradiction. Pressure them for possible
canes of perjury or obstruction of justice and they will tell the truth.
7. Timid Witnesses - they are the shy witnesses. The approach muss friendly and reassuring
confidentiality of their information. They should be hidden from the devouring press by
interviews or photo sessions.
8. Refusal To Talk Witnesses - these are the most difficult subjects to deal with. Find out the
reasons of their personality. The cause maybe trauma shock, fear, hatred, and others. Remove
start talking.
LESSON 3.10. Basic Investigative Report Writing
3.11.1. Definition of a Report. A report is defined as a story of actions performed by men. In an
investigative report, it is a chronological or step by step account of an incident that took place at
a given time. Traditionally, a report meant a "investigation report" or the narrative you have to
write after completing an investigation. But, actually, reports take many different forms. A report
is defined as any documentation recorded on a departmental form, or other approved medium
(computer disks). and maintained as a permanent record.
3.11.2. Values of Reports.
1. Reports are filed because they are needed for the efficient operation of an industrial activities.
Reports are permanent records of all the important facts of a case
2. Reports are written to serve as raw materials from which records systems are made.
3. Reports are written to reveal as part of the component of the record system, the direct
relationships between the efficiency of the department and the quality of its ports and reporting
procedures.
4. Reports are written to guide administrators for policy formulation and decision making
5. Reports are written to guide law enforcers, prosecutors and courts in the trial of criminal cases
investigated by a security personnel.
3.11.3. Qualities of Good Reports. All police reports must contain certain qualities which can
be categorized as follows;
1. Accuracy - accuracy is one of the essential qualities of report writing. Literally, accuracy means
in exact conformity to the fact: errorless. Being accurate is being exacting. This can be attained
by guarding against careless thinking, expressions and calculations.
2. Brevity - it is conciseness of expression. It is also a means of checking the det moment of your
own ideas and the accuracy of your expression Being brief is a courtesy to the reader. Brevity or
conciseness also means saying much in fewer words as possible. Conciseness relates to the
elimination of unnecessary words and does not mean short. Suggestions to help you write
concise reports include using active voice, avoiding wordiness, eliminating unnecessary
prepositional phrases, and using ordinary and commonly understood words. Most sentences in
police reports are 12 to 15 words.
3. Clarity - Clarity means plain or evident to the mind of the reader. Good English in relative. It
can be right for one reader, wrong for another. A writer must always work for clarity in Police
Report Writing. He is Duty bound to service his readers by letting them understand easily what
he is trying to get across. Remember that the readers have no time to look into meanings of
difficult words, but it is just a waste of time and effort on the part of the readers.
4.Complete- Completeness in report in writing means that all the facts discovered during the
conduct of investigation must be reported. Do not omit some facts just to attain brevity. This will
mislead the reader particularly if decision-making is involved.
5.Factual- Everything an investigator writes in his report must be based on facts - facts discovered
during the course of his investigation. The simplest words constructed in short, declarative
sentence - styling, in the third person, is all that is need.
6. Specific - The report must be particular, definite, detailed. Use specific words Specific words
that help you in conveying your ideas most clearly to the reader. You make a direct mental
connection with the readers of your report. The reader can picture in his mind what you have in
your mind.
3.11.4. Security Reports
A. Two General Types of Reports:
1. Basic or Informal Report - This report deals with the ordinary, miscellaneous, usual, day to day
memorandum, letter, or form accomplished by any member of a security force in accordance
with prescribed regulation
2. Investigative or Formal Report - This report covers a full dress treatment in the presentation
of the case. It is an exact and exhaustive narration of facts, without any addition or subtraction,
which were discovered during the course of the investigation.
B. Investigation Report (IR)- similar to the Subject-to-Letter, except that the text is guided with
the following headings:
1. Authority -contain a brief statement of when, where of when, and by whom the investigation
was made and citing the authority for making it. If the investigation was made on the basis of
oral orders, this fact should be stated, naming the individual issuing the order and the date
thereof. If it was made pursuant to the document, stating the date and the original directing
authority, whether local or chief of higher headquarters, is necessary.
2.Matters investigated. These are written complaints, alleging that some persons have
committed some unlawful act or unjust treatments. If the allegations are too long to cite, a
synopsis is in order. Appropriate reference may be made to the copy of the papers in the
appendix on which the investigation was based.
3. Facts of the Case- represents the real truth respecting the matters of investigated; clear and
complete descriptions should be applied here. Presentation of facts should be coherent,
unbiased and fully supported by evidence. Brevity is not permissible; quotations of the statement
should be included.
4. Discussion- should indicate the presumption and inference from all the circumstances in the
case to give the directing authority the clearest possible picture, presents the basis for
conclusions
5. Conclusions- represents a concise summary of the results of the investigation directly
consequent from and supported by facts; Stated in the order naturally suggested by the
statement of the allegations or facts. Should not be a repetition of the facts; should contain no
apology, or qualification, such as: "It appears", "It believed" or "It seems probable"
6. Recommendations Contain the practical suggestions as to appropriate action to be taken to
make suitable disposition of all phases of the case should be consistent with and appropriate to
the conclusions. Constitutes the investigating officer's judgement as he has established, as to the
action the directing authority should take. Should stipulate the proper action in the case of a
wrong committed or the remedy for an unsatisfactory situation or condition found to exist; If
facts and conclusions disclose that no wrong was committed nor was there a condition requiring
correction, the recommendation may be that the case be closed.