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History of Tennis 10 PDF
History of Tennis 10 PDF
A game played with racquet and ball on a court traversed by a
net, but without enclosing walls. It is a modern adaptation of the ancient
game of tennis, with which it is identical as regards the scoring of the
game and “set”. Lawn tennis is essentially a summer game, played in the
open air, either on courts marked with whitewash on close‐cut grass like
a cricket pitch, or an asphalt, cinders, gravel, wood, earth or other
substance which can be so prepared as to afford a firm, level and smooth
surface. In winter, however, the game is often played on the floor of
gymnasiums, drill sheds or other buildings, when it is called “covered‐
court lawn‐tennis”; but there is no difference in the game itself
corresponding to these varieties of court.
HISTORY OF TENNIS
The History of TENNIS GAME developed from a 12th century
French handball game called “PAUME” (PALM). In this game the ball was
struck with the hand. After some time ”PAUME” game produced
handball “JEU DE PAUME” (game of palm) and there were used
racquets. The game was first created by European monks for
entertainment roles during ceremonial occasion. At first, the ball was hit
with hands. Later, the leather glove came into existence. This leather
gloves was replaced with an adaptive handle for effective hitting and
serving of the ball. That was the birth of Tennis Racquet.
The game became very popular, especially in France, where
was adopted by the royal family. Between the 16th and 18th centuries the
game of the palm was highly regarded by the kings and nobleman . The
French players would begin the palm of game by shouting the word
“Tenez” (Play). The game of palm soon came be called “real tennis” or
“royal”. In 1873 Major Walter Wingfield invented a version of Real
Tennis that can be played outdoors on a lawn. The game called
“SPHAIRISTIKE” (Greek for “playing ball”) and first introduced it to
Wales(UK). Played on hour‐glass courts on Manor House lawns by rich
English people. This is really where today’s tennis developed. Wingfield
deals Sphairistike in boxes that feature two net posts, a net rackets, and
India rubber balls, plus instructions about laying out the court and
actually playing the game. Wingfield’s boxes kick start the modern form
of tennis, though the one thing that doesn’t work is the name , and
Wingfield soon realizes that his subtitle “Lawn Tennis” is much better
than Greek word “Sphairistike”.
TENNIS COURT AND DIMENSIONS
A TENNIS COURT is the venue where the sport of tennis is
played. It is a firm rectangular surface with low net stretched across the
center. The same surface can be used to play both DOUDLES and
SINGLES matches. A variety of surfaces can be used to create a tennis
court, each with its own characteristics which affect the playing style of
the game.
The dimensions of a tennis court are defined and regulated by
the International Tennis Federation (ITF) governing body and are
written down in the annual “Rules Of Tennis” document.
The court is 78 feet (23.77 meters) long. Its width is 27 feet (8.23
meters) for singles matches and 36 feet (10.97 meters) for doubles
matches.
The service line is 21 feet (6.40 meters) from the net. Additional
clear space is needed in order for players to reach overrun balls for
a total of 60 feet ( 18 meters) wide and 120 feet (37 meters) long.
A net is stretched across the full width of the court, parallel with
baselines, dividing it into two equal ends. The net is 3 feet 6 inches
(1.07 meters) high at the post, and 3 feet (0.91 meters) high in the
center.
The net posts are 3 feet (0.91 meters) outside the doubled court on
each side or, for a singles net, 3 feet (0.91 meters) outside the
singles court on each side.
SMALLER COURTS
The ITF’S play and stay campaign promotes playing on smaller
courts with slower red, orange and green balls for younger children. This
gives children more time and control so they can serve,
rally, and score from the first lesson courts that are sized to fit their
bodies. The ITF has mandated that official competition for children aged
10 years and under should be played on “Orange” courts 18 m(59 ft) long
by 6.4m (21ft) wide. Competition under 8 years is played on “Red” courts
that are 11m (36 ft) and 5.5m (18 ft) wide. The net is always 0.8m high in
the center.
TENNIS EQUIPMENT
TENNIS BAGS
Tennis bags is developed to provide maximum pleasure for
any tennis player today(professional or recreational). Every great
tennis equipment producer have own tennis bags collection, and
tennis bags are today part of tennis Fasion‐way of sport life. Special
design and mixture of eye pleasant of colors make tennis bag an
irreplaceable part of today’s tennis equipment.
RACKETS
Rackets can be made of
many alloys or wood. There are no restriction on the size or
materials used in making a racket. It has an oval head and a
gradually widening throat that connects the narrow handle with
the head of the racket.
The head of the racket is tightly woven with strings which
are made of various materials like nylon, gut or synthetic gut. The
handles are covered with leather or nylon for a better grip.
TENNIS BALL
A rectangular net is
used to separate the two sides of a tennis court. The net should
cover the space between the two net post. The net is woven in such
a way that it does not allow the Tennis ball to pass through. It is
usually tied in about 3 feet above the ground at the center.
WRIST BANDS
Wrist Bands are worn
around wrist to prevent
sweat from wetting the player ‘ palm or the racket. A wet grip might
not be strong.
HEADBANDS
TENNIS SHOES
Men wear T‐
shirt or shirts made of
materials like
polyester that does not absorb sweat and keeps the player cool.
They wear shorts that do not cover their knees.
Though women are advised to wear just comfortable dress, of
late many Tennis champions try to make a style statement with
their carefully designed clothes. Many players prefer wearing a
tank top or a T‐shirt on a short skirt.
BASIC SKILLS
Apart from this combinations, there are many other things
that you can do that will contribute to excellent tactical tennis.
Another strategy that you should try is changing up speeds on your
serve. When you have a sizeable lead on your serve, try a very soft
first serve with lots of spin. Many times, your opponent will be so
stunned that he or she will be late in running up to return it, and
the result will be a very weak return or unforced errors.
Also, if you have a nice lead while serving, hit your second
serve just as hard as your first serve. You have a lead and can take
this risk. The result many times will be an ace or service winner as
your opponent wonders where you got new second serve.
TECHNICAL SKILLS
Tennis skills and techniques relate to the technical, physical
and mental skills and abilities of a player and are necessary to reach
an elite level.
Learning Tennis Skills and Techniques are essential in the
development of a tennis player’s game. Tennis is a type of sports
that needs a lots of skills and techniques. To be on top, a tennis
player needs to possess the technical, physical, and mental skills
and techniques. A diversified set of tennis skills and techniques are
needed if a tennis player desires to improve in tennis.
Player must possess a wide range of different tennis skills
and techniques, which includes stroke production, strategy, mental
toughness, and physical athleticism. Some these tennis skills and
techniques are discussed here.
TENNIS LOB
A tennis lob shot is an important additional asset to add
to a player’s tennis skills and techniques. It is a shot that can be
used as an offensive or defensive shot. A lob shot is executed by
hitting the ball high and deep into your opponent’s court. Normally,
an offensive lob shot is hit when the opponent back and allow you
to recover to a better defensive position. As a result, you can gain
back the control of the play an make it to your advantage.
TENNIS OVERHEAD
A tennis overhead is a shot hit above the player’s head
just like the serve execution. It also called as a smash shot as it is
usually hit with power. If executed correctly, it gives a point to the
smasher. If a lob shot is normally hit down deep, an overhead shot
is normally hit near the net or in the middle of the court. In some
cases, a poorly executed lob shot (not very high and not to deep)
can returned as an overhead shot by the opponent. To give more
power to an overhead shot, hit it before bounces on the ground. A
lob shot is another addition to the players tennis skills and
techniques that ensures a point.
TENNIS VOLLEY
A tennis volley is a shot where the ball is hit before it
bounces on the ground except for the overhead shot and the serve.
In most cases, a tennis volley hit when you are playing net.
However, it can also be done even if you are in the middle or even
on the baseline depending on the circumstances.
A volley is considered as part of the overall tennis skills
and techniques that can be applied when you are off balance or
out‐of‐position to hit groundstroke. However, it is normally played
as an offensive shot near the net, where you hit a winner angled or
well placed volley shot.
RULES OF TENNNIS
The game starts with a coin toss to determine which player must
serve first and which side they want to serve from.
The server must then serve each point from alternative sides on the
baseline. At no point must the server’s feet move in front of the
baseline on the court prior to hitting their serve.
If the server fails to get their first serve in they may take advantage
of a second serve. If they again fail to get their second serve in then
a double fault will be called and the point lost.
If the service clips the net but the ball goes in the service are still
then let is called and they get to take serve again without penalty.
If the ball hits the net and fails to go in the service area then out is
called and they lose that serve.
The receiver may stand where they wish upon receipt of the serve.
If the ball is struck without serve bouncing then the server will
receive the point.
Once a serve has been made the amount of shots between the
players can be unlimited. The point is won by hitting the ball so the
opponent fails to return it in the scoring areas.
The points are known as 15 (1 point), 30 (2 points), 40 (3 points)
and the fourth would result in the winning point and the end of the
game. If the scores went to 40‐40 this would be known as DEUCE.
When a game reaches deuce the players must then win by two
clear points. After winning one point from deuce they player is on
advantage. If the player wind the next point they win the game, if
they lose it goes back to deuce.
To win the set a player must win 6 games by 2 or more. The opening
sets will go to a tie break if its ends up 6‐6 where players play first
to 7 points. The final set will not have a tie break and requires
players to win by games with no limits.
If a player touches the net, distract his opponent or impedes in
anyway then they automatically
lose the point.
The ball can hit any part of the line for the point to be called in,
outside the line and the ball is out.
The balls in a tennis match are changed for new balls every 6
games.
a player loses a point if they fail to return the ball in either the
correct areas on the court, hits the net and doesn’t go into
opponent’s areas or fails to return the ball before it bounce twice
in their half.