Prison System in Pakistan in View of Sutherland's Theory: Sociology Assignment

Sociology assignment
Prison system in Pakistan in view of Sutherland’s theory
The present structure of the Prison system in Pakistan may be traced again to British India.
The present day state of affairs of jails and their issues are: overcrowding; mal-management;
loss of training and low salaries of jail personnel; and old methods of treating prisoners. The
features and achievements of the Central Jail Staff Training Institute, the handiest institute for
the expert training of prison personnel and officers in Pakistan. High number of juvenile
prisoners in Pakistani prisons indicates the high crime price among juveniles. This area
desires a whole lot of interest and paintings to do. The battle for crime prevention has been an
ongoing adventure for decades.
Sociologist and criminologists have paid unique attention to the presence and reasons of
crimes worldwide. Edwin H Sutherland have addressed the reasons and outcomes of crimes
of their paintings. Correlation between affiliation of criminals peer’s corporations and crook
behavior formation has been a longstanding curiosity of criminology. Criminologists deliver
vast consideration to the relationship among crook peer’s organization and antisocial
behavior formation . Social studying theories are grounded within the supposition that
behavior is found out in relation to some techniques i.e. Imitations, observations and behavior
modelling. The social gaining knowledge of theories have paid special emphasis on the
character and the social factors of behavior. Therefore, the crook behavior is much more
likely to be analyzed inside the context of environment wherein the crime is learned.
Sutherland’s Theory of Differential Associations in Pakistan Prison (conducted in District
Jail Karak in Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) . The criminal sports are learnt
through intimate non-public members of the family such as circle of relatives and friends.
Five respondents of this study were added up within crook history family individuals & peer
group and indulged in criminal sports. Six respondents in this observe rejected the attitudes
and values of law-abiding own family participants and universal the ones of criminal minded
peer companies. Four prisoners have been no longer uncovered to definitions beneficial to
regulation violation. These findings do not relate with the Sutherland’s Theory of Differential
Association in Pakistan Prison for the formation of crook behavior for those four prisoners.
The findings indicate that Sutherland’s Theory of Differential Association alone cannot give
an explanation for the formation of all kind of regulation violation. It became determined that
there have been four out of fifteen respondent who’s families or peer groups were not
concerned in the crook sports and they had not been involved in crook activities through their
Abdullah sheikh 22-11337

households or peer companies. The exploration shows that there are a few other factors
concerned along with the differential association for illegal activity. The Problems within the
sphere of teenage delinquency in Pakistan are manifold and frequently complex. The major
requirement is that the reasons behind the delinquent behavior have to be minimized upto
viable stage and the rights of kids should be absolutely respected while they arrive into
warfare with the law. It need to be tried to growth the efficiency of all the social
establishment. Many people told that their parents don’t know that they are in prison.

Hirschi’s theory of social control
Social control theory proposes that human being’s relationships, commitments, values,
norms, and beliefs encourage them not to break the law. Thus, if ethical codes are
internalized and individuals are tied into and have a stake of their wider network, they will
voluntarily restriction their propensity to dedicate deviant acts. The principle seeks to
apprehend the methods wherein it's miles possible to reduce the chance of criminality
growing in people.
Travis Hirschi placed forth his innovative rendering of manage theory, a idea constructed
upon existing concepts of social manipulate. Hirschi’s social manage principle asserts that
ties to family, school and different aspects of society serve to diminish one’s propensity for
deviant behavior. As such, social control idea posits that crime occurs when such bonds are
weakened or aren't well established. Control theorists argue that without such bonds, crime is
an inevitable final results. Hirschi commenced with an exam of the underlying assumptions
of human nature and social order in criminological concept and refused to discount the then
out-of-style ideas of Hobbes and Durkheim. Second, Hirschi severely evaluated how properly
those assumptions aligned with the regarded individual-degree correlates of delinquency. He
had a clear expertise of the character of delinquency and the kind of person who engages in
antisocial acts, and this led him to reject the over socialized photos of delinquents portrayed
through the dominant theories of the time. This allowed Hirschi to assemble and gift a
parsimonious principle that match the statistics well. He avoided overcomplicating conduct
that, in truth, has easy reasons and might appear in trivial or extreme ways. Finally, as we
show in more element inside the phase The Empirical Status of Social Control Theory,
Hirschi now not only offered his idea in Causes, he systematically examined hypotheses
derived from social manipulate theory in opposition to the ones derived from strain and
cultural deviance theories, the use of self-file facts amassed inside the Richmond Youth
Project. What made his assessments of competing hypotheses so powerful was his
resourceful use of essential tests, in which evidence helping one theory concurrently refuted
some other. The testability of Hirschi's vital principles, and the truth that he covered his
measures of them in an appendix in Causes, additionally facilitated checking out of the theory
in subsequent self-record delinquency studies.Yes the following factors precipate criminal
activities are:
 Parental Attachment: Social manage theory is located amongst other sociological

theories that target the function of social and familial bonds as constraints on
offending. It is proposed that for younger humans, a key issue of social manipulate is
located in the circle of relatives, mainly thru interactions with and feelings towards
dad and mom. Of the research that have tested the effect of social manipulate on
delinquency, a huge percentage has found a poor courting among parental attachment
and delinquency. As such, it's been discovered that the extra the attachment to dad
and mom, the lower the chance of involvement in delinquent behaviour.
 Role of the Community: The position of the community and neighbourhood as
agents of social control has also been assessed in the social control literature.The

position of groups in fostering values and normative beliefs on violence has been
tested . A huge courting among the neutralization of aggression within community
norms and competitive behaviour among each male and female respondents.
 Religiosity: The effect of religiosity on delinquency has been assessed with the aid of
the ones looking for to recognize this aspect of social control.The consequences of
religiosity on young people delinquency, wondering whether or not young people who
are extra religious are less delinquent. Religiosity had a poor effect on delinquency,
which included a degree of violence. They argue that religion decreases delinquency
because of the impact faith has on shaping ideals. Further, it's far suggested that
spiritual adolescents can be less inclined to accomplice with antisocial peers.

Justification of Punishment
There are four justifications of punishments

 Deterrence
 Retribution
 Rehabilitation
 Restoration
The justification/philosophy of punishment that appealed to me the most was Rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation focuses on assisting criminals and prisoners triumph over the barriers that led
them to committing criminal acts. This consists of developing occupational capabilities, as
well as resolving mental issues inclusive of drug dependancy and aggression.The last cause
of rehabilitation is to transition offenders again into society. It guarantees that human beings
reform their ways and do no go on to dedicate greater crime inside the destiny. This attitude
does no longer deny that humans make picks to interrupt the law, but it does assert that these
alternatives are not a count of pure free will. Instead, the selection to commit a crime is held
to be determined, or as a minimum closely motivated, through someone's social environment,
psychological improvement, or biological makeup. People aren't all the equal and accordingly
free to explicit their will however rather are special. These "individual differences" form how
people behave, such as whether or not they are possibly to interrupt the regulation. When
human beings are characterized by using diverse "criminogenic threat factors" together with a
lack of parental love and supervision, publicity to antisocial friends, the internalization of
delinquent values, or an impulsive temperament they are more likely to become worried in
crime than humans not having these experiences and traits. A main coverage challenge
regarding the sentencing of inebriated drivers is whether rehabilitation or punishment have to
be the dominant method. Essentially, rehabilitation attempts to deal with the underlying
alcohol trouble of drunk drivers and inhibit future under the influence of alcohol using, at the
same time as punishment makes use of the danger of punitive felony sanctions and numerous
varieties of punishments to deter under the influence of alcohol drivers. The relative deserves
of punishment and rehabilitation approaches have been studied in an remoted fashion with
nearly no empirical research inspecting the two simultaneously. This rehabilitation should be
practiced in Pakistan as well especially for the juvenile crime rather than sending them to
prison and making him or her waste their onw life.

Prison System in Pakistan in View of Sutherland's Theory: Sociology Assignment

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prison System in Pakistan in View of Sutherland's Theory: Sociology Assignment

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sociology assignment

Prison system in Pakistan in view of Sutherland’s theory

Abdullah sheikh 22-11337

Abdullah sheikh 22-11337

Hirschi’s theory of social control

 Parental Attachment: Social manage theory is located amongst other sociological

Abdullah sheikh 22-11337

Abdullah sheikh 22-11337

There are four justifications of punishments

Abdullah sheikh 22-11337

You might also like