Orig Chap 1
Orig Chap 1
Introduction
Principles of accounting courses present multiple challenges for instructors such as low
student motivation, attendance, participation, and knowledge retention, and high student anxiety
and withdrawal rates. In addition, the course material is very extensive and technical in nature,
and often the instructor has difficulty in covering all the material they would like to cover during
the semester.
Principles of accounting courses present multiple challenges for instructors such as low
student motivation, attendance, participation, knowledge retention, high student anxiety and
withdrawal rates. Every course in all universities, states and college has different degree of
patience and perseverance. However, the institutions let their students to finish their time allotted
for that subject without enough knowledge gained from the instructors that turns out to be self-
study. On the contrary, studying on your own doesn’t give you an advantage to pass major
exams; as a result, disappointments are present, low motivation to learn that will lead to
withdrawal from the course. In this study, the learning strategies or study habits in the field of
accountancy will be determined within the respondents and how it affects their academic
performance.
The course material is very extensive and technical in nature, and often the instructor
has difficulty in covering all the material they would like to cover during the semester. Given the
fact that every course requires learning materials, in the field of accountancy is way too much
expensive. Different authors of different books are saying different explanations that cause their
learners getting confused. In some schools, instructors are unable to finish all the covered topics
of the subject due to some specific reasons, and that affects the learning of their students –they
don’t get enough knowledge because of the topics not discussed that might be helpful for future
purposes. This study will assess the effectiveness of their study habits to their academic
performance.
On the other hand, according to the studies conducted by Accounting Education Change
Commission (1990; 1992) and the American Accounting Association (1995), they came up to
recommend the use of active learning strategies, specifically, in accounting courses. Active
Learning strategy is a pedagogical approach in which students do not only sit and listen, instead
they are actively participating and engaged in the learning process. It benefits the students by
promoting greater interest in the subject material, enhancing intrinsic learning satisfaction,
increasing understanding and retention of course material, developing the desire and ability to
analytical thinking, and critical thinking skills. In this study, we strategies to be used will be
stipulated. Those strategies if not used by the instructor, then a self-study are applied and some
well the learning process. It is the primary criteria to consider one’s potentialities and capacities
which can be measured through the examination results (Nuthana&Yenagi, 2009). Throughout
the years, rapid increase in number of shifters has occurred and it’s very alarming to both
instructors and educators. It only means that the difficulty level has been increased and those
who fit the field will survive to the best way they know how.
Accountancy is basically a skill course where continuous practice is a criterion to master
the concept and principles. Having mastery on the concepts through time spent studying
combined with constant practice contributes a lot to improve academic performance, not just
only for accounting subjects, but also for minor subject taken together.
Study habits of every student have a great impact towards their achievement during their
school days. It ensures the acquisition of knowledge and skills that enable individual to increase
their productivity. Study habit of a student pertains to their perception pertaining to the college
experience and perceived value of the education received while attending an educational
institution.
learning process. Taylor (1964) states that the value the student places upon his own worth
effects his academic achievement. A habit is just a behavior that is repeated. These are the ways
on how we are studying. In having study habit whether it is good or bad has an effect to our
academic achievement. To study is to dedicate self to the application and the task of the study is
to become engrossed in a process of learning. The general belief is that students who exercise
good study habits are likely to excel more than those who have a bad study habits. Without good
study habits, one does not grow and becomes self-limiting in life. It will take us on how far we
want to go.
Good study habits lead to enhancement in learning as ability improves and sharpens
through mastery and principles and by means of training exercise and constancy of application
(Ortinero, 2000). Good study habits help us to manage our time and even help us to improve our
concentration and focus. It develops a good study routines and start achieving our educational
goals. Manila Bulletin (2011) stressed that the point of having good study habits is to be
effective and efficient. Effective in terms of highly competitive learners, not just by making it to
the top but having integrity to their jobs, same as efficiency in doing their tasks on the right time.
A literature review by Nagaraju (2004) pointed out that, for good academic success, good
study habits and attitudes are significant towards learning and mastery of all concepts. Hence, it
is imperative and desirable that a probe into the pattern of study habits and attitudes of students
be made.
On the study conducted by Alcantara, et al (2014) the levels of student’s study habits
were factored according to; concentration, time management, note taking,test preparation and
reading. Therefore, the ability of one’s learning is depends upon the factors on how they cope up
Gabriel Arcangel, their study habits differ from one another. Some are being productive at night
and some are spending their productivity on day, while some are studying advanced to have
more time studying their difficult topics and some chose to study immediately day before their
exams, few are inclined in listening to music while some stay in quiet places. No matter their
style is a continuous effort and devotion time is necessary to get positive results. Some
individuals learn best through written words. These individuals are classified as having a print
modality preference (Keefe, 1979). They prefer reading printed materials and absorb material
best while writing and/or reading books. They also prefer to use a board for writing and they
have high ability for comprehension. Some are visual- learners –who prefer visual sensory
modes to perceive their environment. They are assumed to learn best by visual stimuli such as
pictures, graphs, maps, or images, and slides. They perceive information the best through colored
that serves as the vehicle of learning. Many studies say that learning are better acquired and
mastered as soon as the learner attends to it. Many studies found out that several factors play a
significant role in students’ study habits e.g., gender, year level, time management, study
techniques, learning environment etc. Thus, investigation on this area becomes a real and
compelling motivation for the researchers to conduct the study about study habits among the
respondents
Good study habits lead to more possible of achieving positive academic performance.
Along with this, learning modules are highly contributor to student’s academic performance as
various researches conducted by researchers such as Chopra (1988), Greager and Murray (1991),
Dhamija (1993), Dutt (1998), Aggabao (2002), Rastogi (2003) and Puri (2009), learning comes
from their self-learning material and teaching styles. Thus, learning most likely happen in
combination with the study habits of students and the teaching techniques of the instructor.
Teaching style depends upon the specialization of students, instructor whose specialization is
drafting/engineering/architecture is not suitable teaching bundle of cookery class and so with the
field of accountancy –instructor must have a deep knowledge upon teaching accounting concepts
and principles for better learning of its students and avoid increase on shifting courses.
Nowadays, one student can find solution to its problem in just clicking its query by all
means of social media platforms. It is one of the easiest ways to find solutions in a difficult
problem. Since we are now living in an advance society, learning through the use of technology
most likely occur even to young generation. Learning styles have been shown a vital role on
learning process, it reflects upon the academic achievement of the students: academic success
means better information acquisition and self-learning. However, not all academic success is
interrelated to a better information acquisition, in some cases, academic performance depending
upon the monetary value of the student’s payment and its capability to pay in due time. Lesser
With these, the researchers came up with the study on what are the various study habits
of selected accountancy students. Specifically, the researchers want to know the impacts of
having a good study habit in academic performance of the selected accountancy students in
FOREIGN
them reach their goal. As Dalmolin, Mackeivicz, Pochapski et al. (2018) suggests that
determining the learning styles of students will ultimately improve their educational experience.
It is indeed that any implications of changing learning styles and learning something significant
from it can affect one’s academic performance. According to Miguel A. Cerna (2015), the
importance of improving study habits lays in their relationship with attitudes, which are deemed
important for achieving high academic performance. As a student, we should possess on all the
necessary and good study habits that leads us to a well academic performance. Good study habits
should be done accordingly to how we manage our time, what are our study techniques we
should use and where is the environment we are comfortable studying. There are lots of
distractions and hindrances when studying and as students; we should know how to avoid those
found out that there is a relationship between learning styles and academic performance among
the undergraduate students of Thailand. This seems to justify the aforementioned study that
determining of learning styles will help to improve one’s academic performance, it influences the
performance through better way of understanding it. The better the learning style is the better
determines students’ ability to cope up in lessons; it is their strength on that is being utilized that
Futhermore, Chilca (2017) conducted a study among university students of Peru and
found out that learning styles do influence academic performance. Similarly, the study conducted
by Siahi and Mayo (2015) come up to an outcome of positive relationship by 0.66 between
students’ study habits and academic achievement. The result implies that there must be a
academic excellence requires attention, concentration, motivation, techniques and styles; it is the
However, procrastination is a one barrier why many students fail to comply on time. It
can be seen to their activity performance through the quality. Hence, academic performance
encompasses quality control, efficiency and effectiveness of the students. This may achieve
through time management, as Adebayo (2015) states on its study among students of Ekiti State in
Nigeria, he found out that there is a significant relationship between the time management and
academic performance. This only implies that students need to find their specific time to
accomplish one achievement. Hence, time management cannot be separated from academic
achievement.
Moreover, Nasrullah and Khan (2015 states that time management is highly related to
academic performance. As they observe among the students of Qurtuba University of Science
and Technology, that all successful students (on their own course) is a good time managers.
Hence, academic achievement is related to learning styles –which possesses the quality control,
efficiency, effectiveness and time management. Academic excellence is the fruit of long time
labor of the student, it the outcome of all hardships that he/she exerted.
LOCAL
According to Magulod (2017a, 2017b), one of the important steps to undertake to ensure
quality and optimal learning experience among university students is to consider their different
learning styles and preferences. Learning style refers to how students learn and process
information in their own ways. Different students vary with different learning styles. Students
need to possess the attitude in performing different learning styles. Learning styles is how
individual received and process information and this goes to a good study habits.
However, a study conducted by Alos et al. (2015) showed that factor affecting students
among Benguet State University is their study habits. They find it out as highly impactful with “I
study only when there is a quiz” as having the highest mean. This implies that study habits arise
when the pressure tags along: pressure to get failed, pressure on neither exceeding nor meeting
Leynes et al. (2016) the most common problem encountered by accounting students is not taking
down notes, outline and practicing problem-solving skills. Hence, laziness and procrastination
keeps away the attention of the learner towards achieving its educational goals. It is one of the
weaknesses that must be overcome if we are planning on achieving our goal. Financial crisis is
also a factor to which why students is involve to not having good study habits. As stated in the
results of the study by Relucio (2019) among the Grade 11 students of Maticmatic National High
School, most of the respondents are facing work and financial stability that withdraws their
attention from studying. On the contrary, from the research conducted, it shows a positive
significance between the good study habits and academic performance among the students.
In line with this, the study conducted by Subia and Garcia (2018) shown that there
findings of the study the following was concluded that: the level of academic performance of the
respondents is in the fairly satisfactory level. The students who are involved in athletics are more
likely to be more of focused in training, but in the study conducted, it shown that students are
more motivated to prepare, train hard, make personal sacrifices to achieve excellence, became
inspired because they enjoy competing and want to get in the winner's circle.
On the other hand, the study conducted by Bulanon (2019) states that the socio-
demographic and the economic profile have significance with the learning styles. In terms of age,
it implies that the younger the learners, the more the learning styles they utilize. In terms of sex,
most female are engaged in utilization of learning styles in purpose of educational improvement.
In terms of income, the lower the income of their parents is, the less the students have learning
styles as they cannot afford buying learning material such as modules and textbooks that may
help them upon learning and expose them to various learning styles. Studying is truly an art.
There is no single way to study effectively, but according to (Alvarez, 2017) listening actively
and focusing can help one fully grasp the lessons and be able to note important knowledge that
were not written or flashed on the board. Learning comes from different various styles, but
This study of the problem to determine the study habits of accountancy students at
Colegio De San Gabriel Arcangel. It also aims to answer the following questions:
1.1 Gender
1.3 Age
3. What is the academic performance of respondents for the last two (2) semesters?
4. Is there any significant relationship between the study habits of respondents their
academic performance?
Hypothesis
Based on the specific problem stated the hypotheses are hereby given:
Ho: There is significant relationship between study habits of accountancy students and
Ha: There is no significant relationship between study habits of accountancy students and