3 - 2019 Rgo Abpsych Final PDF
3 - 2019 Rgo Abpsych Final PDF
or behavioral functioning?
A. Psychological Deviance
B. Psychological Dysfunction
C. Psychological Distress
D. Psychological Disability
DYSFUNCTION DEVIANCE
RCCD, 2019
Psychological Disorder
behavioral, psychological, or biological
dysfunctions that are unexpected in their
cultural context and associated with
present distress and impairment in
functioning, or increased risk of suffering,
death, pain, or impairment.
DISTRESS DISABILITY
2. According to Hippocrates, too much
_____ led to irritability and RCCD, 2019
• Individual traits or
behaviors that society
defines as unacceptable
• Relativity of normality
Double-blind experiment to
refute animal magnetism
Mesmerism is nothing
more than a strong
suggestion
ANTON MESMER
Father of hypnosis RCCD, 2019
―Magnetizers‖
―Mesmerism‖
PHILIPPE PINEL
Father of modern psychiatry RCCD, 2019
mean?
A. Inadequate information
B. Persistent danger
C. Pervasive danger
D. No symptoms
8. In the DSM IV-TR, a GAF
score of 0 would most likely
RCCD, 2019
mean?
A. Inadequate information
B. Persistent danger GAF 1-10
C. Pervasive danger
D. No symptoms GAF 91-100
9. Which of the following is the most notable
change reflected with the release of DSM- 5? RCCD, 2019
Di Dimensionality
Siya Spectrum Perspective
B Biologically-based Diagnosis
A Arabic not Roman Numeral
D Description Enhanced
10. What is the most prevalent
grouping of psychological disorder? RCCD, 2019
A. Depressive disorders
B. Anxiety disorders
C. Substance Related and Addictive
Disorders
D. Personality Disorders
RCCD, 2019
RCCD, 2019
11. The Kessler et al. (1994) National
Comorbidity Survey reported that 48% of their RCCD, 2019
Judgment
- Ability to comprehend the meaning of events
and to appreciate the consequences of
actions.
-Asking standard circumstances
Cognition
RCCD, 2019
Insight
-Conscious understanding of forces that have
led to a particular feeling, action, or situation.
Intelligence
-Capacity for learning, recalling, integrating,
and applying knowledge and experience.
13. Which of the following would best
describe a patient who says ―Peter RCCD, 2019
Verbigeration
-Stereotyped repetition of words/phrases that
may or may not have meaning to the listener
Clang association
-Ideas that are related to one another based on
sound of rhyming
Content of Speech
Neologism RCCD, 2019
Word salad
-Incoherent, essentially incomprehensible,
mixture of words and phrases
-Advanced cases of schizophrenia
Given Example of?
―I will take a pill if I go up the Clang association RCCD, 2019
hill but not my name is Jill, I
don’t want to kill‖
―I am afraid of grittiz. If there Neologism
are any grittiz here, I will have
to leave. Are you a grittiz?‖
―I want to go home, go home, Verbigeration
go home‖
―Tramway flogging into my Word salad
question, are you why is it thirty
letters down under peanut
butter, what is it‖
14. A psychiatric patient who, although
coherent, never gets to the point has a RCCD, 2019
Circumstantiality
-Overinclusion of trivial or irrelevant
details that impede the sense of
getting to the point
RCCD, 2019
Blocking
• Abrupt interruption in the train of
thinking before a thought or idea is
finished.
• It is also known as thought deprivation
15. During clinical interviews, which
type of affect is commonly manifested RCCD, 2019
A pervasive pattern of
preoccupation with
orderliness,
perfectionism, and
mental and
interpersonal control, at
the expense of flexibility,
openness, and
efficiency.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
Disorder RCCD, 2019
During interview…
• Stiff, formal, rigid demeanor
• Constricted affect
• Usually serious
• Answers are unusually detailed
16. Which of the following is
another name for the ―Alice in RCCD, 2019
Wonderland‖ effect?
A. Dysmegalopsia
B. Dysphasia
C. Dysphagia
D. Dysmetria
Dysmegalopsia
(“Alice in Wonderland” effect) RCCD, 2019
• Impaired ability to
gauge distance
relative to
movements.
• It is commonly seen in
neurological deficits.
17. During the fight-or-flight
response, which of the following is RCCD, 2019
• ―Little brain‖
• Muscular movement
• Balance
• Posture
• Learning motor skills
19. Jenna suffered damage to her cerebellum
as a result of an automobile accident. Which of RCCD, 2019
necessary in phobias?
A. Regression, condensation, and
projection
B. Regression, repression, and isolation
C. Repression, displacement, and
avoidance
D. Repression, projection, and
displacement
Defense Mechanisms and
Phobia RCCD, 2019
Avoidance Displacement
(keep out of its way to
(transposed to a
seemingly
Auxiliary
escape suffering from
serious anxiety)
unimportant,
irrelevant object)
defenses
26. Which of the following is
considered a culture-specific RCCD, 2019
2. Sweating.
3. Trembling or shaking.
4. Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering.
5. Feelings of choking.
6. Chest pain or discomfort.
7. Nausea or abdominal distress.
8. Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint.
9. Chills or heat sensations.
10. Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations).
11. Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being
detached from oneself).
12. Fear of losing control or ―going crazy.‖
13. Fear of dying.
27. What is the primary difference
in the clinical expression of RCCD, 2019
Adults
○ Everyday, routine life circumstances
○ Personal health
○ Well-being of their family
4. Animal type
﹡ Fears of animals and insects
﹡ Concept of Prepared Learning
﹡ Age of onset: 7 years old
5. Other
﹡ May include fear of choking, vomiting, loud sounds,
costumed characters
30. Which of the following twin pairs would
probably be most concordant for a phobia? RCCD, 2019
Neurotransmitters:
High Norepinephrine
Low GABA
Low Serotonin
diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive
disorder?
A. 6 months
B. 2 weeks
C. 1 month
D. No duration mentioned
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
RCCD, 2019
CRITERION B:
prevention
Systematic Desensitization
Joseph Wolpe RCCD, 2019
Fear/Stimulus hierarchy +
Relaxation Training
Reciprocal inhibition
Incompatible
physiological responses
evoked at same time
35. According to Freud, obsessive-
compulsive disorder reflects a RCCD, 2019
Feelings of insecurity
Early rage reactions (Erikson, Sullivan, Horney)
Criterion C:
Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in Criterion B)
is 3 days to 1 month after trauma exposure.
maltreatment?
A. Neglect
B. Physical abuse
C. Sexual abuse
D. Abandonment
Neglect
Most prevalent form of child maltreatment RCCD, 2019
Physical
﹡ Failure to provide necessary food, shelter, or supervision
Medical
﹡ Failure to provide necessary medical or mental health treatment
Educational
﹡ Failure to educate a child or attend to his or her special education
needs
Emotional
﹡ Inattention to a child’s emotional needs or psychological care or
letting the child use alcohol or drugs
Physical Abuse
Any act that results in a RCCD, 2019
Examples:
Constant verbal assaults (criticism,
threats)
Rejection (withholding of love, support,
or guidance)
Sexual Abuse
Sexual act involving a child that is RCCD, 2019
Incest
﹡ Most commonly reported cases of
child sexual abuse
﹡ Sexual abuse occurring among
family members
41. In the diagnostic criteria of Reactive
Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social RCCD, 2019
B. The behaviors in Criterion A are not limited to impulsivity (as in RCCD, 2019
amnesia?
A. Continuous amnesia
B. Localized or selective amnesia for
specific events
C. Generalized amnesia
D. Systematized amnesia
Dissociative Amnesia
RCCD, 2019
A. An inability to recall important autobiographical
information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that
is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting.
Specify if ;
With dissociative fugue: Apparently purposeful travel or
bewildered wandering that is associated with amnesia for
identity or for other important autobiographical information
DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA
RCCD, 2019
1. Localized amnesia
An inability to recall any of the events that
occurred over a limited period of time.
2. Selective amnesia
An inability to recall some of the events that
occurred over a limited period of time.
DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA
RCCD, 2019
3. Generalized amnesia
A complete loss of memory for one's life history
4. Continuous amnesia
Forgets each new event as it occurs
5. Systematized amnesia
Loses memory for a specific category of information
43. Chris suffered a car accident a few months
ago. After the accident, he now experiences RCCD, 2019
Anterograde amnesia
The inability to remember new information acquired
after the event that triggered amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
A lack of memory about events that occurred before
the event that triggered amnesia.
44. According to family and genetic
studies, which personality disorder is RCCD, 2019
disorder?
A. Histrionic Personality Disorder
B. Paranoid Personality Disorder
C. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
D. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
Disorder
Associated Personality Disorders
RCCD, 2019
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Attention seeking and dramatic flair
But not all persons with histrionic have a dramatic
flair; many are withdrawn and bland.
Essential features:
Intentional production of false or grossly
exaggerated physical or psychological
symptoms
External incentives
V65.2 (Z76.5) Malingering
Malingering should be strongly suspected if any combination of RCCD, 2019
depression?
A. Undoing
B. Isolation
C. Projection
D. Introjection
Introjection and Depression
Loved one dies or Symbolic/Imagined Loss
RCCD, 2019
(A person equates other kinds of events with the loss of a loved one)
Introjection
(Merge their own identity with that of the person they have lost, and so
symbolically regain the lost person)
50. Which of the following individuals would
least likely to develop major depressive RCCD, 2019
Monozygotic twins
Two- to fourfold increase in concordance rates for
mood disorders
I. epinephrine
II. serotonin
III. acetycholine
IV. norepinephrine
V. dopamine
A. II, IV, V
B. I, IV, V
C. II, III, IV
D. II, III, V
PERMISSIVE HYPOTHESIS
RCCD, 2019
﹡ LOW Serotonin – ―permitted‖ to become dysregulated
○ Affects DOPAMINE & NOREPINEPHRINE
﹡ LOW Serotonin
﹡ LOW Norepinephrine
DEPRESSION
﹡ LOW Dopamine
﹡ LOW Serotonin
﹡ HIGH Norepinephrine MANIA
﹡ HIGH Dopamine
54. Which of the following statements is true in
explaining depression? RCCD, 2019
according to Durkheim?
A. Kristine, an accountant who was laid-off at
work due to economic depression
B. Kenneth, a fresh college graduate who
recently inherited a great deal of money
C. Kardo, a father who was wrongly accused of
smuggling drugs and was sent to prison
D. All of the above
Anomic Suicide
RCCD, 2019
Physical dependence
Physical (physiological) effects of multiple
episodes of substance use.
Racial Differences:
Asians: lowest level (11.6%)
American Indians: highest level (24.3%)
Heavy drinkers
Binge drinking for five times each month
Males outnumber females by at least 3 to 2.
61. Which of the following is
currently considered as the most
RCCD, 2019
Crashing
Depression-like letdown upon cessation of effects
Headaches, dizziness, and fainting
Cocaine
Freebasing RCCD, 2019
Crack
Powerful form of freebase
cocaine that has been boiled
down into crystalline balls.
62. Which opioid drug is connected
to what is known as ―soldiers’ RCCD, 2019
Withdrawal symptoms
Depressed mood, insomnia, irritability, anxiety,
difficulty concentrating, restlessness, and
increased appetite and weight gain.
Headache
﹡ Hallmark feature of caffeine
withdrawal
﹡ Diffuse, gradual in development,
throbbing, severe, and sensitive
to movement
Confabulating
Reciting made-up events to fill in the gaps.
66. According to the DSM-5, all of these
features are required for a diagnosis of RCCD, 2019
HYPNOPOMPIC HALLUCINATIONS
• Vivid perceptual experience occurring upon awakening
• Visual, tactile, kinetic, auditory phenomena
• In between REM stage and awakening
AUTOSCOPIC HALLUCINATIONS
RCCD, 2019
• Hallucinations of one’s own physical self.
• Stimulate the delusion that one has a double (doppelganger)
• Near-death out-of body experiences
ICTAL HALLUCINATIONS
• Part of seizure activity
• Typically brief, lasting only seconds to minutes, and
stereotyped.
• Simple images (flashes of light)
• Elaborate (past experiences)
70. Which of the following is not a
type of dyssomnia? RCCD, 2019
A. Hypersomnolence Disorder
B. Narcolepsy
C. Breathing-Related Sleep
Disorder
D. Nightmare Disorder
Two Major Categories
(Sleep-Wake Disorders) RCCD, 2019
Dyssomnias
Difficulties in getting enough sleep,
problems with sleeping when you want to
and complaints about the quality of sleep.
Parasomnias
Abnormal behavioral or physiological
events that occur during sleep
RCCD, 2019
333
71. Which of the following is not a
hallmark characteristic of people RCCD, 2019
Chromosome 6
Autosomal recessive trait
Obesity
Increasing age
Use of MDMA (ecstasy)
Sleep-related Hypoventilation
RCCD, 2019
Dimensional Approach
○ Note variety of cognitions, moods, and behaviors with which the
patient presents and quantify them on a scale
Prototypical Approach
○ Identify certain essential characteristics but also allows certain
non-essential variations that does not change the classification
○ Currently used by DSM-5
Hybrid model
RCCD, 2019
personality disorder?
I. Repression
II. Dissociation
III. Isolation
IV. Projective Identification
A. III & IV
B. I & II
C. I & III
D. II & III
Defense Mechanisms and
Histrionic Personality Disorder RCCD, 2019
82. Which of the following is not a
defense mechanism used by RCCD, 2019
personality disorder?
A. The severity of aggressive and
destructive behaviors
B. The age of the diagnosed individual
C. The severity of parental criminal
behavior
D. The presence of substance abuse
Antisocial Personality Disorder
RCCD, 2019
of diagnosing schizophrenia?
A. A patient is hearing a voice that tells him he is a
special person
B. A patient believes he is being followed by a secret
police organization that is focused exclusively on him
C. A patient has a flashback to a war experience that
feels like it is happening again
D. A patient presents wearing an automobile tire
around his waist and gives no explanation
RCCD, 2019
88. Harry Stack Sullivan’s explanation of
schizophrenia includes all of the following RCCD, 2019
except?
A. The patient’s massive anxiety creates a sense
of unrelatedness.
B. Pathological anxiety is transformed into
prototaxic distortions.
C. Distortions are usually persecutory in nature.
D. The source of pathological anxiety results from
cumulative experiential traumas during
development.
Harry Stack Sullivan’s view on
schizophrenia RCCD, 2019
Schism Family
Schism between the parents, one parent is overly
close to a child of the opposite gender.
Skewed Family
Skewed relationship between a child and one
parent involves a power struggle between the
parents and the resulting dominance of one
parent.
Pseudohostile and Pseudomutual Family
RCCD, 2019
Proposed by Lyman Wynne
Suppression of emotional expression
Pseudohostile Family
Argues, postures aggressively, and appears
fragmented while underneath, being extremely
close and having very few secrets.
Closeness – blurring of ego boundaries
Pseudomutual Family
Façade of happiness to disguise internal conflict
90. In schizoaffective disorder, the Criterion A
requires an uninterrupted period of illness RCCD, 2019
interaction
B. Restricted repetitive behaviors, interests, and
activities (RRBs).
Four previously separate disorders:
1. Autistic disorder (autism)
2. Asperger’s disorder
3. Childhood disintegrative disorder
4. Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise
specified.
92. Sophie, a newborn baby, flings her
arms and legs upwards when there is RCCD, 2019
to?
A. Lack of meta-cognition
B. Understand one's own and other
people's mental states
C. Foreshadowing events
D. None of the above
95. Which of the following is
another name for Broca’s
RCCD, 2019
aphasia?
A. Fluent aphasia
B. Jargon aphasia
C. Global aphasia
D. Expressive aphasia
Aphasias
RCCD, 2019
Global aphasia
All aspects of spoken and written language are
impaired in both expression and comprehension.
96. Sheila visited her grandmother during
summer vacation. During her stay, she noticed RCCD, 2019
Symptoms
○ Simplest level of analyzing a presenting problem
○ Subjective, observed by the patient, and cannot
be measured directly
Disorder
○ Disruption to regular bodily structure and RCCD, 2019
function
○ Mental disorder is a syndrome
○ No direct implication of etiology
Disease
○ Resulting from a pathophysiological response
to external or internal factors
○ Underlying etiology is known
○ Highest level of conceptual understanding
100. Which of the following is/are RCCD, 2019