1 - 2019 Rgo Top PDF
1 - 2019 Rgo Top PDF
Reference
Secondary References
1. Which approach to personality
presents the most idealistic
RCCD, 2019
FORMS OF SEX:
1. Narcissism
2. Love
3. Sadism Includes
4. Masochism Thanatos
Thanatos
(Aggression/Death) RCCD, 2019
﹡ Aim: Return to
inorganic state
﹡ Self-Destruction
﹡ Ex: teasing,
humiliation, gossip,
sarcasm
Id (Das es)
﹡ Core of personality RCCD, 2019
﹡ Contains drives/instincts
Pleasure principle:
﹡ Seek immediate reduction of
tension
Primary process:
﹡ Produces a memory image of
an object needed for
gratification
﹡ Preverbal and dreamlike
3. Which of the following refers to the
internalized experiences for which the RCCD, 2019
3. Unconscious
PROVINCES OF
THE MIND or
STRUCTURAL
MODEL (SEI)
1. Superego (Das
uber-ich): U+P
2. Ego (Das ich):
C+P+U
3. Id (Das es): U
Superego (Das uber-ich)
RCCD, 2019
﹡ Unrealistic demands
for perfection
﹡ Around age 5 or 6
﹡ Grows out of the ego
(Oedipal phase)
TWO SUBSYSTEMS OF SUPEREGO
RCCD, 2019
1. Conscience
(Moralistic principle)
﹡ Experiences from
punishments
﹡ ―not do‖
﹡ Guilt: acting against
superego
TWO SUBSYSTEMS OF SUPEREGO
RCCD, 2019
2. Ego-ideal (Idealistic
principle)
﹡ Rewards for proper
behavior
﹡ ―should do‖
﹡ Feelings of inferiority:
ego unable to meet
superego demands
4. A boy responds to a girl's lack of a
penis by becoming anxious about the RCCD, 2019
Castration complex
○ Castration anxiety (males)
○ Penis envy (females)
Oedipus Castration
Complex anxiety
Strong
Identification
superego
Female Phallic Phase
RCCD, 2019
Self-
Oedipus
Penis envy defeating
complex
desires
Weak
Identification
superego
5. Which of the following exemplifies a
secondary process? Ego
RCCD, 2019
Reality Principle
﹡ Ability to postpone gratification
Secondary Process
﹡ Looking for an object in the real
world
6. Gio experiences a lot of aggressive feelings
toward his overprotective stepfather. Because he RCCD, 2019
is powerless to aggress openly against his
stepfather, Gio becomes a very aggressive forward
in terms of playing for his basketball team.
According to Freud, which type of defense
mechanism is used?
A. Projection
B. Sublimation
C. Repression
D. Displacement
ANXIETY
RCCD, 2019
SUBLIMATION
﹡ Repression of the genital aim of Eros by
expressing urges in socially acceptable manner
﹡ Doing research on sexual behaviors
DISPLACEMENT
﹡ Redirection of unacceptable urges to a RCCD, 2019
PROJECTION
﹡ Attributing unwanted impulse to an external
object, usually another person
﹡ ―Bes, crush mo siya di ba?‖
7. Kenneth participated in a mountain climbing activity
and thus, has not eaten for the last 5 hours. He suddenly RCCD, 2019
heard his stomach rumbling. He wants to eat to reduce
his hunger. Meeting his girlfriend at the base of the
mountain, he immediately asks for their packed food.
Right there and then, he eats adobo and rice. Kenneth‘s
rumbling stomach represents which characteristic of
an instinct?
A. Source
B. Aim
C. Object
D. Impetus
Characteristics of a Drive
Impetus RCCD, 2019
Ego
Unconscious
Personal Unconscious
Complexes
Collective Unconscious
Archetypes
﹡ Archetype of darkness
and repression
﹡ Morally objectionable
tendencies
﹡ Creative qualities
Persona
﹡ ―Mask‖, ―Public face‖
﹡ Project a particular
self-realization
Archetypes
Anima
RCCD, 2019
acquaintance with
anima
﹡ Irrational moods and
feelings
Archetypes
Animus
RCCD, 2019
﹡ Masculine side of
women
﹡ Second test of courage:
acquaintance with
animus
﹡ Symbolic of thinking
and reasoning
10. Which of the following is
buffeted about by sensory RCCD, 2019
Introversion
• Inward energy
• Subjective world
Extraversion
• Outward energy
• External environment
• Objective
Functions
﹡ RATIONAL: “how we judge” RCCD, 2019
Thinking
• Tells an object what it is
• Logic; reason;
practicality
Feeling
• Worth of an object
• Evaluating idea or event
Functions
﹡ NON-RATIONAL: “how we interpret” RCCD, 2019
Sensing
• Detects presence of
objects
• Receives physical stimuli
Intuiting
• Beyond the workings of
consciousness
• Hunches
11. Which of the following is an
accurate conceptualization of
RCCD, 2019
Libido
﹡ General biological life
force
﹡ Driving force behind
psyche
﹡ Creative life force
12. The amount of energy in a system is
essentially fixed, and if it is removed from RCCD, 2019
Principle of Opposites
﹡ ―For every action
there is equal and
opposite reaction‖
﹡ Existence of opposites
thermodynamics)
Energy given to opposition is given to
Principle of Entropy
Constant tendency to equalize energy
in one‘s psyche
Tendency for oppositions to come
together
13. According to Jung, if self-realization
is achieved, the self is experienced as? RCCD, 2019
Individuation
﹡ Components of the psyche are recognized
and given expression
Self-Realization
﹡ The process of integrating the opposite
poles into a single homogeneous individual
﹡ Self becomes center of personality
SELF
RCCD, 2019
﹡ Most comprehensive
archetype
﹡ Unites opposing elements of
psyche
characterized by a period of
introversion?
A. Infancy
B. Childhood
C. Youth
D. Middle life
Development of Personality
RCCD, 2019
Childhood
Anarchic Phase:
• ―Islands of
consciousness‖
• Chaotic, sporadic
consciousness
• Primitive images,
incapable of being
organized
Development of Personality
Childhood
RCCD, 2019
Monarchic Phase
• Development of ego
• Logical and verbal thinking
• Objective view of self (third person)
Development of Personality
Childhood
RCCD, 2019
Dualistic Phase
• Ego as perceiver
• Ego as subjective and objective
• (first person)
Development of Personality
RCCD, 2019
Youth
• Puberty to Middle life
• Period of extraversion
• Conservative
Principle: desire to
live in the past
Development of Personality
RCCD, 2019
Middle Life
• Approximately age 35 or
40
• Period of introversion
• Most important stage
Old Age
• Death is the goal of life
• Finding meaning in death
15. According to Adler, which of
the following factors motivate
RCCD, 2019
people‘s behavior?
A. Purposes and goals
B. Safety Horney
C. Sex Freud
D. Anxiety May
The one dynamic force behind people‘s behavior
is the striving for success or superiority RCCD, 2019
A. Fictionalism
• Fictions: expectations of the future
• Goal of superiority or success: Most important
fiction
• Teleological view
B. Physical Inferiorities
• Toward perfection or completion
16. Ben is one of the hardest working people in his
office. He has climbed the corporate ladder in a
RCCD, 2019
surprisingly short time. However, he always seems
to find someone in the company who is doing a little
bit better than he is and sets his mind to surpassing
this person. According to Adler, Ben is probably
a(n)?
A. First born child
B. Middle born child
C. Last born child
D. Only child
First-born
RCCD, 2019
• Intelligent, achievement
oriented, conforming, and
affiliative
• Oriented toward the past
• Pessimistic about the
future
• Maintaining order and
authority
• High degree of concern
with power
Middle child
RCCD, 2019
• Combination of the
characteristics of oldest
and youngest
• Competitive and ambitious
• Surpass the firstborn in
achievement and motivation
• More optimistic about the
future
Last-born children
RCCD, 2019
according to Adler?
A. Faulty values
B. Overgeneralizations
C. Minimization or denial of one‘s worth
D. False or impossible goals of security
Basic Mistakes
1. Overgeneralizations
RCCD, 2019
﹡ ―I‘m undeserving‖
1. Moving backward
﹡ Reverting to a more secure period of life
﹡ Freud‘s concept of regression
2. Standing Still
﹡ Do not move in any direction
﹡ Avoid all responsibility against any threat
of failure
WITHDRAWAL
3. Hesitating
RCCD, 2019
﹡ Vacillating
﹡ Procastinations; Compulsions; Unfinished
work
﹡ ―It‘s too late now‖
4. Constructing obstacles
﹡ Least severe
﹡ Create own problems
19. Adler's explanation of the force
that holds society together is his
RCCD, 2019
concept of?
A. Style of Life
B. Creative Power
C. Fictions
D. Social interest
The value of all human activity must be seen
from the viewpoint of social interest
RCCD, 2019
• Positive Component:
Individuality
• Negative Component:
Adjustment to a group or
Conformity
Frame of Orientation
RCCD, 2019
Frame of Orientation
• Road map or consistent
philosophy by which we find
our way through the world.
1. Necrophilia
• Any attraction to
death (basic
character)
• Hates humanity:
racists, bullies
• Death, destruction,
decay, disease
Syndrome of Decay
RCCD, 2019
2. Malignant Narcissism
﹡ Overvaluing of own
belongings, undervaluing
others
﹡ Hypochondriasis: obsessive
attention to one‘s health
﹡ Moral Hypochondriasis:
Preoccupation with guilt for
previous transgressions
Syndrome of Decay
RCCD, 2019
3. Incestuous Symbiosis
• Extreme dependence
on mother or mother
surrogate
• Exaggerated form of
mother fixation
23. Which of the following is not true about
a person with hoarding character?
RCCD, 2019
Freud‘s anal
NONPRODUC DESCRIPTION POSITIVE NEGATIVE
TIVE QUALITIES QUALITIES
ORIENTATION
Marketing Outgrowth of Changeability, Aimlessness,
Orientation modern Open- opportunism,
commerce mindedness, Inconsistency
adaptability, , wastefulness
See changeability
themselves as
commodities
(―I am as you
desire me‖)
NONPRODUC DESCRIPTION POSITIVE NEGATIVE
TIVE QUALITIES QUALITIES
ORIENTATION
Receptive Only way to Loyalty, Passivity,
Orientation relate to the acceptance, Submissivene
world is trust ss,
passively Lack of self-
receiving confidence
things
Exploitative Aggressively Impulsive, Egocentric,
Orientation take what proud, conceited,
they want charming, self arrogant
confident
24. According to Horney‘s theory, RCCD, 2019
Normal analog
Affection and Moving Towards Feelings of
approval People helplessness
Powerful partner ―Compliant
Personality‖
Narrow limits to Friendly, loving
life Self-effacing
solution
26. According to Horney, which of the
following unconscious devices used by
RCCD, 2019
Excessive Self-Control
Guard against anxiety by denying
emotional involvement
Adjustment Techniques
RCCD, 2019
Arbitrary rightness
Rigid dogmatism
Elusiveness
Indecision and lack of commitment
Blind spots
Ignoring factors not in accordance
Compartmentalization
Situational rules and ethics
27. According to psychoanalytic social
theory, which of the following will develop RCCD, 2019
Basic evil
Behavior of parents that undermines a
child‘s security
Basic hostility
Repressed feelings of rage when
children fear that their parents will not
satisfy safety and satisfaction
BASIC CONCEPTS
RCCD, 2019
Basic anxiety
Feelings of isolation and helplessness in
a potentially hostile world
Generalized basic hostility
Nutritive soil of neurosis
28. According to Klein, feelings of anxiety
about losing a loved object and a sense of
RCCD, 2019
1. Protest Stage
• Cry, resist soothing by
other people, search for
caregiver
﹡ 2. Despair Stage
• Quiet, sad, listless,
passive, listless, apathetic
John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory
RCCD, 2019
3. Detachment Stage
• Emotionally detached
from other people,
including caregiver
• No longer upset
• Unique to humans
30. According to Mahler, a child RCCD, 2019
week)
• Period of absolute primary
narcissism
• ―Objectless‖ stage
Personality development
continues throughout a
person‘s lifetime.
32. Jorge is currently being toilet trained. When he
accidentally wet his pants one day, his father laughed RCCD, 2019
Selective inattention
• Control of focal awareness
• More accessible to consciousness and
limited in scope
35. Believing that a black cat crossing
one‘s path is an indication that something
RCCD, 2019
Prototaxic Level
• Impossible to communicate
• Earliest and most primitive experience
• Baby; Strange sensations
﹡ Parataxic Level
• Prelogical
• Parataxic distortion
• Superstitions
Levels of Cognition
RCCD, 2019
Syntaxic Level
• Consensually validated experiences
• Symbolically communicated
• Childhood stage (2-6 y.o)
36. Jessica is a 9-year-old girl who recently moved to a
new subdivision. Being an only child, her parents want
Preadolescence
her to make friends with their neighbors‘ children.
According to Sullivan, which of the following children
would she most likely be friends with first?
A. Nina, a 5-year-old girl whoChum
is an only child in the
family
B. Kristof, a 10-year-old boy who likes to tease girls a lot
C. Kristine, an 8-year-old girl who is the younger sister
of Kristof
D. Both Nina and Kristine
Dynamisms
RCCD, 2019
﹡ Partially
unconscious organizing agency that
synthesizes our present experiences with
past self-identities and also with anticipated
images of self.
﹡ Positive
force that creates self-identity
(sense of ―I‖)
38. Sikolohiyang Pilipino, according to
Enriquez‘s 1975 definition, is anchored on
RCCD, 2019
Unconditional
Positive Self-
Positive
Regard
Establish Positive Regard
contact Regard
Conditions of
Incongruence
worth
Becoming a Restrictions or
Person qualifications
attached to a person
Represent steps toward
psychological health
RCCD, 2019
Formative tendency
• All matter, both organic and inorganic, tends to
evolve from simpler to more complex forms
Actualizing tendency
• All living things, including humans, tend to move
toward completion, or fulfillment of potentials.
• Only motive people possess
• Organismic valuing process
43. According to Rogers, which of the RCCD, 2019
organismic experience
2. Wide gap between self-concept and ideal self
Incongruence
﹡ Exists when people use conditions of worth
and external evaluations (instead of OVP) as
frame of reference for evaluating experiences
Defensiveness
﹡ Protectionof the self-concept against anxiety RCCD, 2019
one's personality‖
Neurotic Anxiety
―Reaction disproportionate to the threat, involves
repression and other forms of intrapsychic conflict
and is managed by various kinds of blocking-off of
activity and awareness‖
Dogmatic values
THREE MODES OF BEING-IN-THE-
WORLD RCCD, 2019
1. Umwelt
• Environment around us (nature and natural law)
• Freud‘s theory (emphasis on biology, instincts)
2. Mitwelt
• Our world with other people
• Rogers, Maslow, Sullivan
3. Eigenwelt
• One‘s relationship with oneself
• Aware of oneself as human being and grasp who
we are
47. According to May, which of the following
RCCD, 2019
﹡ Biological function
﹡ Release of tension
2. Eros
﹡ Psychological desire
4. Agape
﹡ Altruistic or spiritual love
﹡ Unconditional
49. According to May, which of the
following are those individuals who RCCD, 2019
• No self-discipline
• Dependency and conformity
Neo-Puritan
• All will, no love
• Too much self-disciple
Creative
• Unites love and will
50. According to Maslow, humans as RCCD, 2019
Instinctoid needs
﹡ Needs which are innately
determined but can be
modified through learning
﹡ May result to pathology
﹡ Ex: Eating
51. According to Maslow, when do
RCCD, 2019
Safety Needs
﹡ Physical security, Stability,
Dependency, Protection,
Need for law and order
﹡ Basic anxiety: failure to
satisfy safety needs
52. Shiloh is fond of gardening as well
as landscaping. Her garden is very
RCCD, 2019
experiences
Cognitive Needs
• Desire to know, solve mysteries, and be
curious
• If blocked, all needs are threatened
Neurotic Needs
• Nonproductive
• Lead to stagnation and pathology
53. Which of the following is not a RCCD, 2019
psychogenic need?
A. Sex
B. Affiliation
C. Autonomy
D. Safety
Needs
Primary needs (Viscerogenic)
RCCD, 2019
needs
54. Which of the following is not RCCD, 2019
Need Definition
To separate oneself from a negatively viewed
Rejection
object or person, excluding or abandoning it.
To form relationship that lead to sexual
Sex
intercourse.
Harm
To escape or avoid pain, injury and death.
avoidance
Infavoidance To avoid being humiliated or embarrassed.
DOMAIN: AMBITION
RCCD, 2019
Need Definition
To accomplish difficult tasks, overcoming
Achievement
obstacles and achieving expertise.
To show achievements to others and gain
Recognition
recognition for these.
Need Definition
theory?
A. Proceeding
B. Serial
C. Serial Program
D. Schedule
Proceeding
RCCD, 2019
Basic unit
Succession of proceedings
Serial program
Planned series of proceedings
Leads toward a goal
56. According to Murray, which of the
following refers to the influence of the
RCCD, 2019
another need
Press
﹡ Influence of the environment and past
Complex
﹡ Normal pattern of childhood
development that influences the adult
personality
57. Carla fears open spaces, falling, drowning,
fires, earthquakes, or simply any situation RCCD, 2019
claustral complex
﹡ Feelings of insecurity
and helplessness
urination
Sometimes called the Icarus
complex
﹡ Bedwetting
﹡ Excessive ambition
﹡ Distorted sense of self-esteem
﹡ Exhibitionism
﹡ Sexual cravings
﹡ Self-love
58. Rafael is an ambitious employee who is
striving hard to attain the position of a manager. RCCD, 2019
﹡ ‗togetherness‘
﹡ Recognition of ―shared identity‖ an
inner self shared with others
Pakikipagkapwa
﹡ Social behavior emanating from kapwa
priori‘‘
Sensitive to non-verbal cues, having
• Measured on a continuum
stimuli
• May combine to form a trait
Attitudes
• Attitudes are similar to traits
• Have specific objects of reference
• Either positive or negative evaluations
(judgment)
Proprium
Proprium RCCD, 2019
Propriate strivings
• Seek to maintain tension and
disequilibrium
• Present drives
62. People who continue to work hard
in their jobs despite attaining the initial
RCCD, 2019
individual
1. Cardinal Dispositions
• Most pervasive and
powerful human traits
(―ruling passion‖)
• Not all people (―imeldific‖)
Levels of Personal Dispositions
RCCD, 2019
2. Central Dispositions
• Handful of outstanding traits (5 to 10)
• Accurate letter of recommendation
• Friend‘s personality
3. Secondary Dispositions
• Least important, weak and inconsistent
• Minor preferences
65. In Cattell's system, which of RCCD, 2019
Dynamic Traits
The forces that underlie our motivations
and drive our behavior
TWO TYPES:
1. Ergs
2. Sentiments
66. Parallel to the concept of instinct or
drive, which of the following did Cattell
RCCD, 2019
﹡ Dynamic lattice
67. According to Eysenck's original model,
which of the following is true about extraverts? RCCD, 2019
Deductive method
Importance of genetics
Intelligence is inherited
Biological component of
personality
Hierarchy of personality
traits
EXTRAVERT INTROVERT
68. Julie sets high goals for herself for the BLEPP.
She is more committed to reaching these goals RCCD, 2019
Openness to Experience
RCCD, 2019
Mutual trust
Being in-rapport/understanding/ acceptance
with
Should be reached, at the minimum, in order
to be assured of good quality data
Guiding Principles of
Indigenous Perspective RCCD, 2019
Puri (External)
﹡ Honor which is physical (compliments or
applauses)
﹡ Also refer to virginity
Dangal (Internal)
﹡ Honor from within – knowledge of one‘s true
worth, character, achievement and success
71. According to Skinner, what is
responsible for most human
RCCD, 2019
behavior?
A. Plans and goals
B. Unconscious motivation
C. Environmental events
D. Libidinous impulses
Radical Behaviorism
RCCD, 2019
Determinist
Rejected the notion of free will
Environmentalist
Primacy of environmental
influences
Variable Ratio
72. Which of the following reinforcement schedules
will be highly resistant to extinction? RCCD, 2019
response rate?
A. Fixed Interval
B. Fixed Ratio
C. Variable Interval
D. Variable Ratio
Comparing Intermittent
Schedules RCCD, 2019
74. Which of the following is true
about negative reinforcement? RCCD, 2019
Positive Reinforcement
﹡ Give a reward following the behavior
Negative Reinforcement
﹡ Removal of aversive stimulus following the
behavior
Punishment
RCCD, 2019
﹡ Decreases the frequency of a preceding
behavior
Positive Punishment
﹡ Presentation of aversive stimulus
Negative Punishment
﹡ Removal of positive reinforcer
75. Your roommate has a new boyfriend who at first
seems very nice. However, every time he comes to RCCD, 2019
Smoking Headache
Boyfriend Headache
76. In Bandura's model, which of the
following refers to the situation where RCCD, 2019
people
Rely on others for goods and services
Collective Efficacy
Level of confidence that people have that
their combined efforts will produce social
change
Personal efficacy of many individuals
working together
77. Which of the following will most
likely happen if an individual has low RCCD, 2019
Responsive Unresponsive
environment environment
High Self- Successful Change
efficacy outcome environment
(Activism, Protests)
A. Caused by external
reinforcement
B. Freely chosen
C. Instinctive
D. Self-regulated
Self System
RCCD, 2019
1. Self-efficacy
2. Self-regulation
Manipulate environments and produce
consequences of their actions
Reactive and proactive strategies
Triadic Reciprocal Causation
RCCD, 2019
79. Calling a reprehensible act
something other than what it actually RCCD, 2019
possible?
A. Motivational processes
B. Motor reproduction processes
C. Attentional processes
D. Retentional processes
Attentional Processes
RCCD, 2019
﹡ Mental images
﹡ Verbal descriptions
Motor Reproduction Processes
RCCD, 2019
2. Social Modeling
﹡ Vicarious Experiences
﹡ Peer failure Lower self-efficacy
﹡ Success of person with equal competence
Higher self-efficacy
Contributors to Self-Efficacy
3. Social Persuasion RCCD, 2019
﹡ Believe Persuader
﹡ Within one‘s ability
﹡ Power of suggestion
1. Drive
• Stimulus impelling a person to act
• Strong stimulation that produces discomfort
2. Cue
• Specific stimulus (tells when, where, and how
to respond)
﹡ 3. Response
• One‘s reaction to the cue
Psychoanalytic Learning Theory
RCCD, 2019
4. Reinforcement
﹡ Effect of the response
﹡ Effective Drive reduction
﹡ Not reinforced by satisfying a drive
extinction
○ Does not eliminate a response but merely
inhibits
83. Which type of conflict RCCD, 2019
Approach-avoidance
conflict
﹡ One goal both
attracts and repels
the individual
84. Maria is in love with her two suitors –
Mario and Pedro. Now, she is forced to RCCD, 2019
Approach-approach
conflict
﹡ Simultaneously
attracted
﹡ Positive value but are
incompatible
Types of Conflict
RCCD, 2019
Avoidance-avoidance
conflict
﹡ Two undesirable
alternatives
Types of Conflict
RCCD, 2019
Double approach-
avoidance conflict
﹡ Deal simultaneously
with multiple goals
that both attract and
repel
85. Which of the following is the correct
definition of learning, according to George RCCD, 2019
Kelly?
A. Any change in one‘s construct system
B. A change in one‘s construct system that
improves prediction
C. A change in one‘s construct system that
validates core structures
D. A change in one‘s construct system that
makes the system less permeable
Personal Construct Theory
Personal Constructs RCCD, 2019
Constructive alternativism
﹡ Any event is open to a variety of
interpretations
﹡ Emphasis on personal constructs than reality
86. According to Kelly, when a person
experiences specific and incidental RCCD, 2019
Anxiety
﹡ ―The recognition that the events with
which one is confronted lie outside the
range of convenience of one‘s construct
system‖
Pathological anxiety
﹡ Incompatible constructs can no longer be
tolerated
Four Common Elements in
Most Human Disturbances RCCD, 2019
Threat
﹡ ―The awareness of imminent comprehensive
change in one‘s core structures‖
﹡ Stability of basic constructs is likely to be
shaken
Fear
﹡ More specific and incidental than fear
Four Common Elements in
Most Human Disturbances RCCD, 2019
Guilt
﹡ ―The sense of having lost one‘s core role
structure‖
﹡ Behave in ways that are inconsistent with
their sense of who they are
87. According to Kelly, which of the
following is experienced when our RCCD, 2019
Experience Corollary
―A person‘s construction system varies as he [or she]
successively construes the replication of events‖
﹡ Changed with experience
89. According to Kelly, human‘s
nature of free will is grounded on
RCCD, 2019
which corollary?
A. Choice corollary
B. Individuality corollary
C. Modulation corollary
D. Sociality corollary
Choice Corollary
―People choose for themselves that alternative in a RCCD, 2019
Individuality Corollary
―Persons differ from each other in their construction
of events‖
﹡ Differences among people
Modulation Corollary
RCCD, 2019
Dichotomy Corollary
―A person‘s construction system is composed
of a finite number of dichotomous constructs‖
﹡ Either-or proposition (bipolar nature)
Construction Corollary
―A person anticipates events by construing RCCD, 2019
their replications‖
﹡ Similarities among events
Range Corollary
―A construct is convenient for the anticipation
of a finite range of events only‖
﹡ Limited range of convenience
91. Fromm agreed with Freud RCCD, 2019
Innocence
﹡ Before consciousness of self is born
﹡ Infant
Rebellion
﹡ Seeks to establish some inner strength
﹡ Seeks freedom but does not comprehend
responsibility
Four Stages Of Consciousness Of Self
Ordinary
RCCD, 2019
Creative
﹡ Ability to see something outside
Ego-ideal
﹡ Contains the moral or ideal behaviors for
which a person should strive.
Ego
RCCD, 2019
Rational governor of
personality
Conscious organizer of
behavior
94. Pia enjoys being around others and is well-
known for her social graces. She is warm and RCCD, 2019
of neurotic behavior.
A. Sexual abuse
B. Basic evil
C. Identity crisis
D. Conflict
Frustration
﹡ Unable to reduce a drive
RCCD, 2019
﹡ Response is blocked
Conflict
﹡ Incompatible responses at the same
time
97. Which of the following is correct about Erikson's
description of a crisis, in the context of personality RCCD, 2019
development?
A. How we resolve the crisis determines the
direction our personality develops.
B. A crisis interrupts the natural development of
personality until it is resolved
C. People face an unlimited number of potential
crises as they pass through personality
development
D. Crises usually don't occur until after age five
Basic Points in Psychosocial Development
1. Growth takes place according to the epigenetic RCCD, 2019
principle
2. Interaction of opposites
﹡ Syntonic: Harmonious element
﹡ Dystonic: Disruptive element
7. Identity crisis
﹡ ―a turning point, a crucial period of increased
vulnerability and heightened potential‖
﹡ Either adaptive or maladaptive
98. In this research method, the researcher
engages in a story-telling with an umpukan. RCCD, 2019
Panunuluyan
﹡ Researcher stays in the home of his kalahok or participant
while he conducts the research with consent by the host
family, whose head serves as the tulay to an umpukan.
Pagdadalaw-dalaw
﹡ Researcher occasionally visits the house of his host or tulay,
as opposed to staying in the house.
Approaches and Methods
Pagtatanung-tanong RCCD, 2019
Pakikiramdam
﹡ Researcher uses entirely his/her own feelings or
emotions to justify if his participants or kalahok
are ready to be part of his research or not
99. Which of the following is not RCCD, 2019
an accommodative surface
value?
A. Pakikisama
B. Pakikiramdam
C. Hiya
D. Utang na loob
Confrontative Surface Values
Bahala Na RCCD, 2019
﹡ ―Leave it up to God (Bathala)" fatalistic resignation
﹡ Enriquez: ‗‗determination and risk-taking‘‘
﹡ Pumping courage
Pakikibaka (―resistance‖)
﹡ ―concurrent clashes‖
﹡ Ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions and
uprisings against a common enemy
100. Which of the following is not RCCD, 2019
pakikipagpalagayang-loob (mutual
trust; being in-
rapport/understanding/ acceptance
with)
pakikisangkot (getting involved)
pakikiisa (full trust, oneness, fusion;
being one with)
RCCD, 2019