Anesthesia Adjuvant Drugs

ADJUVANT ANESTHETIC DRUGS
SUBMITTED BY:SANDRA SABU
ADJUVANT ANESTHETIC DRUGS ARE THSOE DRUGS WHICH IS

CO-ADMINISTERED WITH LOCAL ANESTHETICS ,TO IMPROVE
THE SPEED OF ONSET & DURATION OF ANALGESIA &
COUNTERACT DISADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF THE
ANESTHETICS.
SOME ADJUVANT ANESTHETIC DRUGS AND THEIR PROPERTIES:
I. TRAMADOL
II. NEOSTIGMINE
III. MORPHINE
IV. FENTANYL
V. MIDAZOLAM
VI. HYALURONIDASE
VII. CLONIDINE
VIII. BACLOFEN
IX. KETAMINE
X. ATROPINE
XI. PENTAZOCINE
XII. SUFENTANIL
I. TRAMADOL
 AN OPIOID PAIN MEDICATION USED TO TREAT MODERATE

TO MODERATELY SEVERE PAIN
 AVAILABLE AS TABLETS,CAPSULES,IN AMPOULES (I.M &I.V
INJECTION),POWDERS
 CONTRAINDICATIONS ARE ALLERGY TO TRAMADOL,
SEVERE ASTHMA AND BREATHING PROBLEMS, STOMACH
ULCERS, PREGNANCY
 ADVERSE EFFECTS ARE STOMACH ULCERS, NAUSEA,
VOMITING, TERATOGENIC EFFECT, VERTIGO,
CONSTIPATION, HEADACHE, FATIGUE
II. NEOSTIGMINE
 A CHOLINERGIC DRUG USED TO TREAT MYASTHENIA

GRAVIS, USED IN COMBINATION WITH GLYCOPYRROLATE
TO FORM THE REVERSAL AGENT OF ANESTHETIC EFFECTS
 AVAILABLE AS 10 mL VIAL, 1 mL AMPOULE
 CONTRAINDICATIONS ARE HYPERSENSITIVITY TO
NEOSTIGMINE, PERITONITIS, OBSTRUCTION OF INTESTINAL
OR URINARY TRACT
 ADVERSE EFFECTS ARE CHOLINERGIC CRISIS, NAUSEA,
VOMITING, DIARRHOEA, MIOSIS, BRADYCARDIA,
BRONCHOSPASM
III. MORPHINE
 A NATURAL ALKALOID OPIOID, A STRONG PAIN KILLER FOR
ACCIDENT VICTIMS, CANCER & HIV PATIENTS, A PRE-
OPERATIVE MEDICATION, COUGH SUPPRESANT, AN
EXCELLENT POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIC
 AVAILABLE AS TABLETS, SYRUP,INJECTABLE FORMS (I.V &
I.M INJECTIONS), INHALABLE FORMS
 CONTRAINDICATIONS ARE HEAD INJURY, PREGNANCY,
NEONATES, ELDERLY, DYSENTERY IN CHILDREN, HEPATIC &
RENAL DISEASES, HYPOTHYROIDISM, COPD
 ADVERSE EFFECTS ARE RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION,
NAUSEA, VOMITING, SEDATION, HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT,
TERATOGENIC EFFECT, RISE IN INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE,
HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANOREXIA, WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME,
FATIGUE, ACUTE MORPHINE POISONING, TOLERANCE &
DEPENDENCE
IV. FENTANYL
 A SYNTHETIC OPIOID, 100 TIMES MORE POTENT THAN

MORPHINE AS AN ANALGESIC, WITH RAPID ONSET &
SHORT DURATION OF ACTION, USED TO TREAT CHRONIC
SEVERE PAIN, PAIN IN LABOUR, POST-OPERATIVE PAIN,
EXCELLENT ANESTHESIA ADJUVANT DRUG
 AVAILABLE AS AMPOULES, SUBLINGUAL & NASAL SPRAYS,
TRANSDERMAL PATCHES, INJECTABLE, TABLETS, POWDERS
 CONTRAINDICATIONS ARE HYPERSENSITIVITY TO
FENTANYL, COPD, PREGNANCY, LACTATION, CHILDREN,
ACUTE HEPATIC DISEASE, DELAYED GASTRIC EMPTYING
 BRADYCARDIA, EDEMA, CNS DEPRESSION, CONFUSION,
DIZZINESS, DROWSINESS, FATIGUE, HEADACHE, SEDATION,
DEHYDRATION, SORE THROAT, CONSTIPATION, NAUSEA,
VOMITING, ANOREXIA
V. MIDAZOLAM
 A BENZODIAZEPINE MEDICATION USED AS PRE-

ANESTHETIC MEDICATION, OR IN COMBINATION WITH
ANESTHETIC DRUGS TO ACHIEVE PROCEDURAL SEDATION,
TROUBLE SLEEPING & SEVERE AGITATION, ANXIOLYSIS
 AVAILABLE AS 10 mL, 5 mL, 2 mL VIALS, AVAILABLE AS
TABLETS, OTHER INJECTABLE FORMS
 CONTRAINDICATIONS ARE GLAUCOMA, CHRONIC HEART
FAILURE, COPD, HEPATIC HARDENING, ACUTE KIDNEY
FAILURE, SHOCK
 ADVERSE EFFECTS ARE HEADACHE, NAUSEA, VOMITING,
COUGH, DROWSINESS, HICCUPS, OVERSEDATION,
INJECTION SITE REACTIONS (PAIN, SWELLING, REDNESS,
STIFFNESS, BLOOD CLOTS, TENDERNESS)
VI. HYALURONIDASE
 HYALURONIDASES ARE A FAMILY OF ENZYMES THAT
CATALYSE THE DEGRADATION OF HYALURONIC ACID, USED
IN MEDICINE IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER DRUGS TO
SPEED THEIR DISPERSION & DELIVERY, INCREASES THE
ABSORPTION RATE OF PARENTERAL FLUIDS GIVEN BY
INTERSTITIAL OR SUBCUTANEOUS INFUSIONS. ITS A
SPEEDING FACTOR
 IT ACTS BY BREAKING THE HYALURONIC ACID IN HUMAN
TISSUES
 IT HELPS TO IMPROVE PENETRABILITY i.e SPREAD EVENLY &
IN THE DEEPER PLAINS
 ADVERSE EFFECTS ARE COUGH, DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING,
DIZZINESS, FAST HEARTBEATS, HIVES/WELTS, ITCHING,
LARGE HIVE-LIKE SWELLING ON FACE, EYELIDS, LIPS,
TONGUE, THROAT, HANDS, LEGS, FEET
VII. CLONIDINE
 CLONIDINE IS AN ADRENERGIC α2 RECEPTOR, TYPICALLY

USED TO TREAT HYPERTENSION, DYSMENORRHEA,
VASCULAR MIGRAINE HEADACHES, COMBINED WITH
LOCAL ANESTHETIC HELPS TO PROLONG ANALGESIA &
MOTOR BLOCKADE
 AVAILABLE AS TABLETS, INJECTABLE SOLUTIONS,
TRANSDERMAL PATCHES
 COMMON SIDE EFFECTS ARE DIZZINESS, SKIN REACTIONS,
CONSTIPATION, VOMITING, RASHES, WEIGHT GAIN/LOSS
 IN ANESTHESIA, CLONIDINE HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO
BE AN EFFECTIVE SEDATIVE & ANALGESIC & TO REDUCE THE
AMOUNT OF ANESTHETIC AGENTS SO IT CAN BE USED AS
AN ADJUVANT DRUG IN GERIATRIC SURGERIES
VIII. BACLOFEN
 A CENTRALLY ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT,

USUALLY USED TO REDUCE SPASM ASSOCIATED WITH
CEREBRAL PALSY, TRAUMA, SPRAIN, TETANUS, MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS
 AVAILABLE AS TABLETS
 SIDE EFFECTS ARE DROWSINESS, DRY MOUTH, DIARRHOEA,
CONFUSION, ATAXIA, VOMITING
 BACLOFEN OVERDOSE CAN LEAD TO COMA, RESPIRATORY
DEPRESSION, HYPOREFLEXIA, FLACCIDITY AND ATROPINE
APPEARS TO BE USEFUL IN TREATING THE BACLOFEN
OVERDOSE
IX. KETAMINE
 A NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, A DISSOCIATIVE
ANESTHETIC DRUG, ALSO USED FOR MAINTENANCE OF
ANESTHESIA, A SEDATIVE FOR PHYSICALLY PAINFUL
PROCEDURES IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS, THE DRUG
OF CHOICE FOR PEOPLE IN TRAUMATIC SHOCK WHO ARE
AT RISK OF HYPOTENSION
 AN ODORLESS, TASTELESS DRUG AVAILABLE AS LIQUID,
PILL, AND POWDER
 CONTRAINDICATIONS ARE INCREASED ICT & INTRACRANIAL
MASS LESIONS, OPEN EYE INJURY, ISCHEMIC HEART
DISEASE & VASCULAR ANEURYSMS, SCHIZOPHRENIA,
HYPERSENSITIVITY TO KETAMINE, HYPERTHYROIDISM
 SIDE EFFECTS ARE HYPOTENSION, NAUSEA, VOMITING,
LOSS OF APPETITE, DREAM-LIKE FEELING, BLURRED VISION,
DOUBLE VISION, DIZINESS, INSOMNIA, HALLUCINATIONS
X. ATROPINE
 ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUG WITH ANTIMUSCARINIC

PROPERTIES USED TO TREAT OP POISONING,
BRADYCARDIA, TO TREAT CYCLOPLEGIA, MYDRIASIS, USED
AS A PRE-MEDICATION OF ANESTHESIA TO MAINTAIN
HEART RATE & TO REDUCE SECRETIONS
 AVAILABLE AS 20 mL VIAL, 5 mL VIAL, 1 mL AMPOULE e.t.c
 CONTRAINDICATIONS ARE GLAUCOMA, ELDERLY MALES
WITH ENLARGED PROSTATE, PARALYTIC ILEUS, ULCERATIVE
COLITIS, GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX, TACHYCARDIA,
CARDIAC INSUFFICIENCY
 ADVERSE EFFECTS ARE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS, DRY
MOUTH, BLURRED VISION, SENSITIVITY TO LIGHT,
DIZZINESS, LOSS OF BALANCE
XI. PENTAZOCINE
 A SYNTHETIC OPIOID USED TO TREAT MODERATE TO

SEVERE PAIN, USED IN ANESTHESIA AS AN ANALGESIC
 SIDE EFFECTS ARE CONSTIPATION, NAUSEA, ITCHING,
DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING, DROWSINESS
XII. SUFENTANIL
 AN OPIOID ANALGESIC, ANALOUGUE OF FENTANYL, USED

AS AN ADJUNCT IN ANESTHESIA, IN BALANCED
ANESTHESIA, AND AS A PRIMARY ANESTHETIC
AGENT,ADMINISTERED INTRAVENOUS, EPIDURAL &
SUBLINGUAL ROUTES
 RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, MUSCLE STIFFNESS, SLOW
HEART RATE, VARIATION IN BLOOD PRESSURE,
DROWSINESS, ITCHING, NAUSEA & VOMITING

Anesthesia Adjuvant Drugs

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Anesthesia Adjuvant Drugs

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ADJUVANT ANESTHETIC DRUGS

SUBMITTED BY:SANDRA SABU

ADJUVANT ANESTHETIC DRUGS ARE THSOE DRUGS WHICH IS

 AN OPIOID PAIN MEDICATION USED TO TREAT MODERATE

 A CHOLINERGIC DRUG USED TO TREAT MYASTHENIA

 A SYNTHETIC OPIOID, 100 TIMES MORE POTENT THAN

 A BENZODIAZEPINE MEDICATION USED AS PRE-

 CLONIDINE IS AN ADRENERGIC α2 RECEPTOR, TYPICALLY

 A CENTRALLY ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT,

 ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUG WITH ANTIMUSCARINIC

 A SYNTHETIC OPIOID USED TO TREAT MODERATE TO

 AN OPIOID ANALGESIC, ANALOUGUE OF FENTANYL, USED

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