15.conductance and Resistance Calculation

RESISTANCE CALCULATION
DESCRIPTION RESULT
Resistance R 0.4
Resistivity of material ρ 2
Length of the wire L 2
Cross section of the wire A 10

Equation R = ρ * L / A
CONDUCTANCE CALCULATION
DESCRIPTION RESULT
Conductance G 90
conductivity σ 18
Length of the wire L 2
Cross section of the wire A 10
Equation G = σ * A / L
Law:
Pouillet's Law:
conductance and resistance depend on the geometrical dimensions of a wire.
Resistance describes how strongly a given cable opposes the flow of an electric current, and conductance meas
wire's ability to conduct it. There are also two physical quantities associated with them - electrical resistivity and e
conductivity.
Resistivity ρ:
unlike resistance,resistivity is an intrinsic property of a material. It means that it doesn't matter whether the wire i
thin, long or short. The resistivity will always be the same for a specific material, and the resistivity units are "ohm
(Ω * m).
The higher the resistivity is, the more difficult it is for the current to flow through a wire.
Conductivity σ:
Conductivity is strictly related to resistivity. it is defined as its inverse: σ = 1 /ρ. The conductivity units are "siemen
meter" (S / m). Electrical current can smoothly flow through a wire if conductivity is high.
Electrical conductivity of copper is σ ≈ 5.95 * 10^7 S / m and the electrical resistivity of copper is ρ ≈ 1.68 * 10^(-8
at 20 deg temperarture
https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/wire-resistance#conductance-formula-and-resistance-formula
NCE CALCULATION
Unit
Ohms (Ω)
ohm meter (Ω m) Detail Input cell
meter
mm2 Result output cell
ANCE CALCULATION
Unit
S (siemens)
S/m ( Siemens/meter)
meter
mm2
GRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATION
trical dimensions of a wire.

pposes the flow of an electric current, and conductance measures a
cal quantities associated with them - electrical resistivity and electrical
of a material. It means that it doesn't matter whether the wire is thick or

same for a specific material, and the resistivity units are "ohm meter"
or the current to flow through a wire.
ned as its inverse: σ = 1 /ρ. The conductivity units are "siemens per
through a wire if conductivity is high.
S / m and the electrical resistivity of copper is ρ ≈ 1.68 * 10^(-8) Ω * m
nce#conductance-formula-and-resistance-formula
Table of Resistivity and Conductivity at 20°C
ρ (Ω•m) at 20 °C σ (S/m) at 20 °C
TRATION
Material
Resistivity Conductivity
Silver 1.59×10−8 6.30×107
Copper 1.68×10−8 5.96×107
Annealed 1.72×10−8 5.80×107

copper
Gold 2.44×10−8 4.10×107
Aluminum 2.82×10−8 3.5×107
Calcium 3.36×10−8 2.98×107

Tungsten 5.60×10−8 1.79×107
Zinc 5.90×10−8 1.69×107
Nickel 6.99×10−8 1.43×107

Lithium 9.28×10−8 1.08×107
Iron 1.0×10−7 1.00×107
Platinum 1.06×10−7 9.43×106
Tin 1.09×10−7 9.17×106
Carbon steel -1010 1.43×10−7
Lead 2.2×10−7 4.55×106
Titanium 4.20×10−7 2.38×106
Grain oriented 4.60×10−7 2.17×106
electrical steel
Manganin 4.82×10−7 2.07×106
Constantan 4.9×10−7 2.04×106
Stainless steel 6.9×10−7 1.45×106
Mercury 9.8×10−7 1.02×106
Nichrome 1.10×10−6 9.09×105
GaAs 5×10−7 to 5×10−8 to 103
10×10−3
Carbon 5×10−4 to 8×10−4 1.25 to 2×103
(amorphous)
Carbon 2.5×10−6 to 2 to 3×105 //basal plane
(graphite) 5.0×10−6 //basal
plane
3.0×10−3 ⊥basal 3.3×102 ⊥basal plane
plane
Carbon 1×1012 ~10−13
(diamond)
Germanium 4.6×10−1 2.17
Sea water 2×10−1 4.8
Drinking water 2×101 to 2×103 5×10−4 to 5×10−2
Silicon 6.40×102 1.56×10−3
Wood (damp) 1×103 to 4 10−4 to 10-3
Deionized water 1.8×105 5.5×10−6
Glass 10×1010 to 10−11 to 10−15

10×1014
Hard rubber 1×1013 10−14
Wood (oven 1×1014 to 16 10−16 to 10-14
dry)
Sulfur 1×1015 10−16
Air 1.3×1016 to 3×10−15 to 8×10−15
3.3×1016
Paraffin wax 1×1017 10−18
Fused quartz 7.5×1017 1.3×10−18
PET 10×1020 10−21
Teflon 10×1022 to 10−25 to 10−23
10×1024
DC- VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION
DESCRIPTION RESULT
Voltage drop V1 10
Resistivity of the wire R 2
one way length of the wire L 10
Current I 5
Cross sectional area of wire A 10
Number of conductors in parallel n 2
Equation for DV or 1- Phase AC V1 = 2 * I * L * R / A / n
DC- VOLTAGE DROP PERCENTAGE CALCULATION

DESCRIPTION RESULT
Voltage drop percentage % 0.045454545
Initial Voltage V 220
Voltage drop V1 10
Equation %=V1/V
OUTPUT VOLTAGE CALCULATION

DESCRIPTION RESULT
Out put voltage V2 210
Voltage drop V1 10
Equation V2=V-V1
Law:
The voltage drop is the reduction in the voltage, occurring when the electric current moves through passive elem
the circuit.
At ideal conditions the electrical current flows unobstructed along the wire until it reaches the device. In reality, th
the current is obstructed by some kind of opposing pressure means that some part of the voltage is lost when the
has to overcome this resistance and this loss is called voltage drop.
Voltage drop calculator determines what part of voltage is lost when the electric current moves through a wire, al
calculates the voltage output at the end of the cable. It can be used to calculate the wire size to decide which wir
diameter will ensure that your voltage drop doesn't exceed acceptable levels.
The voltage drop occurs when the current has to travel along a wire and the current and wire - influences the vol
drop.
drop.
Wire material: The application of better conductors will result in a lower voltage drop.Copper is a much better co
than carbon steel where voltagedrop is higher in the carbon steel.
Wire size: The cross-sectional area of the wire has a large influence on the voltage drop. The thinner the wire, th
the voltage drop.
Wire length: A longer wire results a longer way for the current to travel, and hence higher voltage losses. Alway
minimize the length of a wire.
Load current: The higher the current and higher the voltage drop.
The voltage drop should never exceed 3% of the initial voltage. A higher drop may result in flickering of lights and
overheating of devices.
E DROP CALCULATION
Unit
Volts
meters Result output cell
Ampheres
mm2
I * L * R / A / n
P PERCENTAGE CALCULATION
Unit
%
Volts
Volts
OLTAGE CALCULATION
Unit
Volts
Volts
Volts
curring when the electric current moves through passive elements of
structed along the wire until it reaches the device. In reality, though,
pressure means that some part of the voltage is lost when the current
led voltage drop.
ltage is lost when the electric current moves through a wire, also
e. It can be used to calculate the wire size to decide which wire
exceed acceptable levels.
avel along a wire and the current and wire - influences the voltage
TRATION
3 PHASE AC VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION
DESCRIPTION RESULT
Voltage drop V1 8.66
Resistivity of the wire R 2
one way length of the wire L 10
Current I 5
Cross sectional area of wire A 10
Number of conductors in parallel n 2
Equation for 3- Phase AC V1 = √3 * I * L * R / A / n

√3 Value is 1.732
DC- VOLTAGE DROP PERCENTAGE CALCULATION

DESCRIPTION RESULT
Voltage drop percentage % 0.045454545
Voltage drop V1 10
Equation %=V1/V
OUTPUT VOLTAGE CALCULATION

DESCRIPTION RESULT
Out put voltage V2 210
Voltage drop V1 10
Equation V2=V-V1
Law:
the circuit.
the circuit.
drop.
Wire material: The application of better conductors will result in a lower voltage drop.Copper is a much better co
than carbon steel where voltagedrop is higher in the carbon steel.
Wire size: The cross-sectional area of the wire has a large influence on the voltage drop. The thinner the wire, th
the voltage drop.
Wire length: A longer wire results a longer way for the current to travel, and hence higher voltage losses. Alway
minimize the length of a wire.
Load current: The higher the current and higher the voltage drop.
The voltage drop should never exceed 3% of the initial voltage. A higher drop may result in flickering of lights and
overheating of devices.
TAGE DROP CALCULATION
Unit
Volts
meters Result output cell
Ampheres
mm2
I * L * R / A / n
P PERCENTAGE CALCULATION
Unit
%
Volts
Volts
OLTAGE CALCULATION
Unit
Volts
Volts
Volts
curring when the electric current moves through passive elements of
structed along the wire until it reaches the device. In reality, though,
pressure means that some part of the voltage is lost when the current
led voltage drop.
ltage is lost when the electric current moves through a wire, also
e. It can be used to calculate the wire size to decide which wire
exceed acceptable levels.
TRATION
TOTAL MAGENTIC FIELD INSIDE THE MATERIAL CALCULATION
DESCRIPTION RESULT
Total Magnetic Field B 20
Permeability µ 2
Magnetic field from outside material H 10
Equation B = µ * H
MAGNETISATION CALCULATION ( MAGNETIC FIELD CREATED BY MATERIAL) ( M)

DESCRIPTION RESULT
Magnetisation
M 2200
Magnetic susceptibility
χ 220
Magnetic field from the outside of the
material
H 10
Equation M = χ * H
MAGENTIC PERMEABILITY CONSTANT OR MAGENTIC CONSTANCT OR PERMEABILITY OF FREE SPACE

CALCULATION (µ₀ )
DESCRIPTION RESULT
Magnetic Permeability of free

µ₀
space/Magnetic constant 1.256E-06
where µ₀ = 4 * π * 10^(-7) H/m is the magnetic permeability of free space.

The magnetic permeability of free space is called magnetic constant
Unit H/m = Henries per meter
TOTAL MAGENTIC FIELD CALCULATION (B)

DESCRIPTION RESULT
Total Magnetic Field
B 60
space/Magnetic constant/ Vaccum µ₀
permeability 2
Magnetic field from outside material H 20

Magnetic field created by the
material/Magnetisation M 10
Equation B = µ₀ * (H + M)
RELATIVE PERMEABILTY CALCULATION (µᵣ)

DESCRIPTION RESULT
Relative Permeability µᵣ 0.5
Permeability µ 2
permeability 4
Equation µᵣ = µ / µ₀
MAGNETIC SUSPECTABILITY CALCULATION (χ)
DESCRIPTION RESULT
Magnetic suspectability
χ -0.5
Permeability µ 2
permeability 4
Equation = µ / µ₀ - 1 = µᵣ - 1
Law:
Magnetic permeability calculator helps to determine the dependency between magnetic permeability and suscep
A good magnetic core material must have high permeability
A magnetic field produced by the material that arises in response to an applied magnetic field is defined as perm
Permeability is the measure of the resistance of a material against the formation of a magnetic field,
There are three main types of material based on the magnetic permeability µ:
Diamagnetic materials: An externally applied magnetic field creates an internal magnetic field with opposite dire
causing a repulsive effect. Their magnetic permeability is less than the magnetic permeability of free space µ₀. χ
called diamagnetism.
Paramagnetic materials: This materials have the magnetic permeability greater than µ₀, but its internal magnet
arises only in the presence of an external magnetic field. The magnetic field attracts them.
χ > 0 is called paramagnetism
Ferromagnetic materials:This materials have magnetic permeability much greater than µ₀, and they can retain
internal magnetic field even in the absence of an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetism is the mechanism that
permanent magnets in specific materials. The strongest material is a neodymium magnet.
Three fields are used in calculation:
magnetization M which is the magnetic field created by the material.
magnetic field H which is the magnetic field from the outside of the material.
magnetic field B which is the total magnetic field inside the material.
Magnetization of the material : (M) magnetic moment per unit volume
Magnetic field intensity/strength (H)
Magnetic susceptibility(χ)
Magnetic susceptibility is a dimensionless proportionality constant that indicates the degree of magnetization of a
in response to an applied magnetic field.
internal magnetic field even in the absence of an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetism is the mechanism that
permanent magnets in specific materials. The strongest material is a neodymium magnet.
Three fields are used in calculation:
magnetization M which is the magnetic field created by the material.
magnetic field H which is the magnetic field from the outside of the material.
magnetic field B which is the total magnetic field inside the material.
Magnetization of the material : (M) magnetic moment per unit volume
Magnetic field intensity/strength (H)
Magnetic susceptibility(χ)
Magnetic susceptibility is a dimensionless proportionality constant that indicates the degree of magnetization of a
in response to an applied magnetic field.
NSIDE THE MATERIAL CALCULATION
Unit
Henries per meter Detail Input cell
Result output cell
MAGNETIC FIELD CREATED BY MATERIAL) ( M)

Unit
AGENTIC CONSTANCT OR PERMEABILITY OF FREE SPACE

CULATION (µ₀ )
Unit
Henries per meter
e magnetic permeability of free space.

etic constant
IC FIELD CALCULATION (B)

Unit
Henries/meter
(H + M)
EABILTY CALCULATION (µᵣ)

Unit
Henries per meter
Henries per meter
CTABILITY CALCULATION (χ)
Unit
Henries per meter
Henries per meter
- 1 = µᵣ - 1
e the dependency between magnetic permeability and susceptibility.
meability
es in response to an applied magnetic field is defined as permeability.
material against the formation of a magnetic field,
e magnetic permeability µ:
gnetic field creates an internal magnetic field with opposite direction,
bility is less than the magnetic permeability of free space µ₀. χ < 0 is
magnetic permeability greater than µ₀, but its internal magnetic field
c field. The magnetic field attracts them.
gnetic permeability much greater than µ₀, and they can retain their
xternal magnetic field. Ferromagnetism is the mechanism that forms
ngest material is a neodymium magnet.
d by the material.
he outside of the material.
side the material.
oment per unit volume
onality constant that indicates the degree of magnetization of a material

TRATION Magnetic susceptibility and permeability
Susceptibility,
Medium
volumetric, SI, χm
Metglas 2714A (annealed)
Iron (99.95% pure Fe annealed in H)
Permalloy 8000
NANOPERM®
Mu-metal
Mu-metal
Cobalt-iron (high
permeability strip material)
Iron (99.8% pure)
Electrical steel
Ferritic stainless steel (annealed)
Martensitic stainless steel (annealed)
Ferrite (manganese zinc)
Ferrite (nickel zinc)
Ferrite
(magnesium manganese
zinc)
Ferrite (cobalt nickel zinc)
Mo-Fe-Ni powder
compound
(MPP - molypermalloy
powder)
Nickel iron powder

compound
Al-Si-Fe powder compound
(Sendust)
Iron powder compound
Silicon iron powder

compound
Carbonyl iron powder
compound
Carbon steel
Nickel
Martensitic stainless steel (hardened)
Austenitic stainless steel

Neodymium magnet
Platinum
Aluminum 2.22×10−5[32]
Wood
Air
Concrete (dry)
Vacuum 0
Hydrogen −2.2×10−9[32]
Teflon
Sapphire −2.1×10−7
−6.4×10−6 or
Copper
−9.2×10−6[32]
Water −8.0×10−6
Bismuth −1.66×10−4
Pyrolytic carbon
Superconductors −1
Magnetic susceptibility and permeability data for selected materials
Relative
Permeability, μ (H/m) Magnetic field
permeability, max., μ/μ0
1.26×100 1000000[10] At 0.5 T
2.5×10−1 200000[11]
1.25×10−1 100000[12] At 0.002 T
1.0×10−1 80000[13] At 0.5 T
6.3×10−2 50000[14]
2.5×10−2 20000[15] At 0.002 T
2.3×10−2 18000[16]
6.3×10−3 5000[11]
5.0×10−3 4000[15][failed verification] At 0.002 T
1.26×10−3 – 2.26×10−3 1000 – 1800[17]
9.42×10−4 – 1.19×10−3 750 – 950[17]
4.4×10−4 – 2.51×10−2 350 – 20 000[18] At 0.25 mT
1.26×10−5 – 2.89×10−3 10 – 2300[19] At ≤ 0.25 mT
4.4×10−4 – 6.28×10−4 350 - 500[20] At 0.25 mT
5.03×10−5 – 1.57×10−4 40 – 125[21] At 0.001 T
1.76×10−5 – 6.91×10−4 14 – 550[22]
1.76×10−5 – 2.01×10−4 14 – 160[23] At 0.001 T

1.76×10−5 – 2.01×10−4 14 – 160[24]
1.76×10−5 – 1.26×10−4 14 – 100[26] At 0.001 T
2.39×10−5 – 1.13×10−4 19 – 90[27][28]
5.03×10−6 – 4.4×10−5 4 – 35[29] At 0.001 T
1.26×10−4 100[15] At 0.002 T

1.26×10−4 – 7.54×10−4 100[15] – 600 At 0.002 T
5.0×10−5 – 1.2×10−4 40 – 95[17]
1.260×10−6 – 8.8×10−6 1.003 – 1.05[17][30][note 1]

1.32×10−6 1.05[31]
1.256970×10−6 1.000265
1.256665×10−6 1.000022
1.25663760×10−6 1.00000043[32]
1.25663753×10−6 1.00000037[33]
1[34]
4π × 10−7 (μ0) 1, exactly[35]
1.2566371×10−6 1
1.2567×10−6[15] 1
1.2566368×10−6 0.99999976
1.256629×10−6 0.999994
1.256627×10−6 0.999992
1.25643×10−6 0.999834
1.256×10−6 0.9996
0 0
Frequency, Temp.
max. Material
(°C)
100 kHz
Helium[16] 20
Xenon[16] 20
10 kHz Oxygen[16] 20
Nitrogen[16] 20
Air (NTP)[17] 20
Water[18] 20
Paraffin oil,
22
220–260 cSt[15]
PMMA[15] 22
PVC[15] 22
Fused
22
silica glass[15]
Approx. 100 Hz – 4 MHz Diamond[19] r.t.
Graphite[20] χ∥ (
Approx. 1 kHz – 400 MHz[citation needed] r.t.
to c-axis)
Graphite[20] χ∥ r.t.
Deflection yoke cores for

colour TV-sets
Graphite[20] χ∥ −173
Approx. 2 MHz – 150 MHz Aluminium[21]
Silver[22] 961
Approx. 50 Hz – 3 MHz
Bismuth[23] 20
Approx. 50 Hz – 2 MHz Copper[17] 20

Approx. 50 Hz – 5 MHz[25] Nickel[17] 20
Approx. 50 Hz – 220 MHz Iron[17] 20
Approx. 50 Hz – 40 MHz
Approx. 20 kHz – 500 MHz

Magnetic susceptibility of some materials
Pressure Molar susc., χmol Mass susc., χmass Volume susc., χv
SI CGS SI CGS
(atm) SI
(m /mol)
3
(cm /mol)
3
(m /kg)
3
(cm /g)
3
1 −2.38×10−11 −1.89×10−6 −5.93×10−9 −4.72×10−7 −9.85×10−10
1 −5.71×10−10 −4.54×10−5 −4.35×10−9 −3.46×10−7 −2.37×10−8
0.209 +4.3×10−8 +3.42×10−3 +1.34×10−6 +1.07×10−4 +3.73×10−7
0.781 −1.56×10−10 −1.24×10−5 −5.56×10−9 −4.43×10−7 −5.06×10−9

1 +3.6×10−7
1 −1.631×10−10 −1.298×10−5 −9.051×10−9 −7.203×10−7 −9.035×10−6
1 −1.01×10−8 −8.0×10−7 −8.8×10−6
1 −7.61×10−9 −6.06×10−7 −9.06×10−6
1 −7.80×10−9 −6.21×10−7 −1.071×10−5
1 −5.12×10−9 −4.07×10−7 −1.128×10−5
1 −7.4×10−11 −5.9×10−6 −6.2×10−9 −4.9×10−7 −2.2×10−5
1 −7.5×10−11 −6.0×10−6 −6.3×10−9 −5.0×10−7 −1.4×10−5
1 −3.2×10−9 −2.6×10−4 −2.7×10−7 −2.2×10−5 −6.1×10−4
1 −4.4×10−9 −3.5×10−4 −3.6×10−7 −2.9×10−5 −8.3×10−4
1 +2.2×10−10 +1.7×10−5 +7.9×10−9 +6.3×10−7 +2.2×10−5
1 −2.31×10−5
1 −3.55×10−9 −2.82×10−4 −1.70×10−8 −1.35×10−6 −1.66×10−4
1 −1.0785×10−9 −9.63×10−6
1 600
1 200000
Volume susc., χv Molar mass, M Density, {\displaystyle \rho }
CGS (10−3 kg/mol (103 kg/m3
(emu) = g/mol) = g/cm3)
−7.84×10−11 4.0026 1.66×10−4
−1.89×10−9 131.29 5.46×10−3
+2.97×10−8 31.99 2.78×10−4
−4.03×10−10 28.01 9.10×10−4

+2.9×10−8 28.97 1.29×10−3
−7.190×10−7 18.015 0.9982
−7.0×10−7 0.878
−7.21×10−7 1.19
−8.52×10−7 1.372
−8.98×10−7 2.2
−1.7×10−6 12.01 3.513
−1.1×10−6 12.01 2.267
−4.9×10−5 12.01 2.267
−6.6×10−5 12.01 2.267
+1.75×10−6 26.98 2.7
−1.84×10−6 107.87
−1.32×10−5 208.98 9.78
−7.66×10−7 63.546 8.92

48 58.69 8.9
15900 55.847 7.874

SOLINOID INDCUTANCE CALCULATION
DESCRIPTION RESULT
Solinoid Inductance
L
30

space/Magnetic constant/ Vaccum µ₀ 2
permeability
Number of Turns N 15
Area of Cross section A 2
Length L 30
Equation L = µ₀ * N² * A/l
vacuum permeability µ₀ = 1.25664 * 10^-6 T*m/A
Law:
self-inductance of a solenoid is calculated.
Solenoids and coils are essential elements of electric circuits.
Their characteristic is an inductance L, and they act as inertial elements.coils resist a change in the current.
A change in a current flowing through a coil results in a self-induced potential difference.
The inductance L sets the ratio between the potential and the rate of change of the current.
V = - L * dI/dt
The minus shows the resistive nature of the inductance; the potential difference is opposing the change in the cu
The magnetic field inside of the solenoid causes this behavior. If we change the current, we are changing this ma
field. In turn, it induces a potential difference in the solenoid.
A solenoid is a long, tightly wound coil. A described using three parameters,
number of turns N
length l
area of the cross-section A
The inductance of solenoid follows then from the following equation
L = µ₀ * N² * A/l
vacuum permeability µ₀ = 1.25664 * 10^-6 T*m/A
CUTANCE CALCULATION
Unit
Micro henries
Henries per meter
m2
meter
Detail Input cell
N² * A/l Result output cell
ric circuits.
ct as inertial elements.coils resist a change in the current.
in a self-induced potential difference.
ial and the rate of change of the current.
ance; the potential difference is opposing the change in the current.

is behavior. If we change the current, we are changing this magnetic
solenoid.
d using three parameters,
ollowing equation
TRATION

15.conductance and Resistance Calculation

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RESISTANCE CALCULATION

Length of the wire L 2

Cross section of the wire A 10

ohm meter (Ω m) Detail Input cell

mm2 Result output cell

trical dimensions of a wire.

of a material. It means that it doesn't matter whether the wire is thick or

or the current to flow through a wire.

Copper 1.68×10−8 5.96×107

Annealed 1.72×10−8 5.80×107

Aluminum 2.82×10−8 3.5×107

Calcium 3.36×10−8 2.98×107

Nickel 6.99×10−8 1.43×107

Glass 10×1010 to 10−11 to 10−15

one way length of the wire L 10

Cross sectional area of wire A 10

Number of conductors in parallel n 2

Equation for DV or 1- Phase AC V1 = 2 * I * L * R / A / n

DC- VOLTAGE DROP PERCENTAGE CALCULATION

OUTPUT VOLTAGE CALCULATION

ohm meter (Ω m) Detail Input cell

meters Result output cell

curring when the electric current moves through passive elements of

one way length of the wire L 10

Cross sectional area of wire A 10

Number of conductors in parallel n 2

Equation for 3- Phase AC V1 = √3 * I * L * R / A / n

DC- VOLTAGE DROP PERCENTAGE CALCULATION

OUTPUT VOLTAGE CALCULATION

ohm meter (Ω m) Detail Input cell

meters Result output cell

curring when the electric current moves through passive elements of

Magnetic field from outside material H 10

MAGNETISATION CALCULATION ( MAGNETIC FIELD CREATED BY MATERIAL) ( M)

MAGENTIC PERMEABILITY CONSTANT OR MAGENTIC CONSTANCT OR PERMEABILITY OF FREE SPACE

Magnetic Permeability of free

where µ₀ = 4 * π * 10^(-7) H/m is the magnetic permeability of free space.

TOTAL MAGENTIC FIELD CALCULATION (B)

Magnetic field from outside material H 20

RELATIVE PERMEABILTY CALCULATION (µᵣ)

MAGNETIC SUSPECTABILITY CALCULATION (χ)

Henries per meter Detail Input cell

Result output cell

MAGNETIC FIELD CREATED BY MATERIAL) ( M)

AGENTIC CONSTANCT OR PERMEABILITY OF FREE SPACE

Henries per meter

e magnetic permeability of free space.

IC FIELD CALCULATION (B)

EABILTY CALCULATION (µᵣ)

Henries per meter

Henries per meter

CTABILITY CALCULATION (χ)

Henries per meter

Henries per meter

onality constant that indicates the degree of magnetization of a material

Iron (99.95% pure Fe annealed in H)

Ferritic stainless steel (annealed)

Martensitic stainless steel (annealed)

Ferrite (cobalt nickel zinc)

Nickel iron powder

Iron powder compound

Silicon iron powder

Martensitic stainless steel (hardened)