About this module

Good Day SPIan! This module is specially written to help you get your better understanding in our
community.

Embracing and ushering the "new normal" learning approach in this time of pandemic aims to provide
modern and quality education for Filipino learners like you. At this moment, you will study at your own
pace and safety at home while your instructor takes responsibility of monitoring your progress. This
module hopes to respond to the needs of the learners by highlighting its significance and connection to
other fields of social sciences.

In order to assure your learning about the Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship, this
module is undertaking all the necessary measures to ensure that your expectation will be discussed
within reasonable time without compromising anyone’s health and safety.

I acknowledge the efforts and/or contributions of Senior High School Department to this work, but I own
all errors, if any.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course focuses on the application of ideas and methods of the social
sciences to understand, investigate, and examine challenges of contemporary community life. It focuses
on community-action initiatives such as community engagement, solidarity, and citizenship as guided by
the core values of human rights, social justice, empowerment and advocacy, gender equality, and
participatory development. It aims at enhancing students’ sense of shared identity and willingness to
contribute to the pursuit of the common good of the community. It enables students to integrate
applied social sciences into community-action initiatives.

Now, it's time to acquire new knowledge, meaning-making and transfer of ideas, SPians! Padayon!

Features of this module?

It is our pleasure to engage and cater you in your journey as you explore this module's content-stages.
WHAT I NEED TO This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you
KNOW? are expected to learn in the module.

WHAT I KNOW? This part incudes an activity that aims to check what you
already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the
answer correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

WHAT’S IN? This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.

WHAT’S NEW? In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in
various ways such as a story, song, poem, problem opener,
an activity or situation.

WHAT IS IT? This part discusses the content of the lesson.

 WHAT I NEED TO This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you
KNOW? are expected to learn in the module.

WHAT’S MORE? In this portion, you are given a set of question to help you
digest the lesson you’ve read.

WHAT I HAVE It helps you to generalize/summarize the topic you have

LEARNED? learned.

WHAT I CAN DO? This directs you to the Learners Activity Sheet to apply it into
your day-to-day basis.

ASSESSMENT Test your knowledge by taking this test. This will be

evaluated by your teacher.

This gives you extra homework to help you acquire additional

ADDITIONAL learning.
ACTIVITIES.

GLOSSARY Look at this part to search the unfamiliar words and their
meanings

REFERENCES Otherwise called as bibliography is a list of resources used by

the author to help you understand the lesson.

SUGGESTED This provides a list of other books, published or unpublished

READINGS/ WEBSITES studies, journals, links, and website for your references.

LESSON 7: Purposes of Community Action

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?

Intended Learning Outcome

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

LO7: explain forms of community engagement that contribute to community development through
solidarity

Performance Standards: The learners shall be able to synthesize the integrative experience of
implementing community-action initiatives applying social sciences’ ideas and methods.
Learning Outcome 7: Explaining Forms of Community Engagement That
Contribute To Community Development Through Solidarity
In this lesson you will identify the basic structure of the societal problem; etablish the commonality of
the problems faced by the family; and understand that problems are common and can be solved
through community action and solidarity.

Engagement of the community is sometimes difficult to define and especially difficult to measure. For
most projects, engagement means that the individual understands the purpose of the initiative,
develops a sense of ownership, commits to the process and the outcome, and works toward achieving
success. People have the inherent capacity of solve their own problems and that social transformation is
within the reach of all communities

WHAT I KNOW?
Let us determine how much you already know about Purposes of Community.
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

It is firm and persevering determination of oneself for common good.

a. Solidarity b. Citizenship c. Engagement
The process of developing partnership and sustaining relationships
a. Solidarity b. Citizenship c. Engagement
Partners that include organized groups, agencies, institutions and individuals.
a. Stakeholders b. Stateholder c. Steakholder
Teaching methodology that employs community service to teach community engagement, develop
greater community and social responsibility and strengthen communities.
a. Community Learning b. Service Learning c. Methodology Learning
Collaborative process between resource speakers, researchers and the partner community in
conducting research.
a. CEnR b. CESC c. CEnD
This is one-way community project or activities that come from the service providers to the
community
a. Transformational b. Transitional c.Transactional
The involvement of community members in the planning implementation, and overall
assessment of development initiatives.
a. Active Participation b. Passive Participation c. Participation
Voluntary services done by individual in response to the social, economic and politcal
needs of communities.
a Outreach. Communities b. Outreach Development c. Outreach Program
Require fostering partnership and sustaining relationships with communities.
a. Community Service b. Community Development c. Community Program
Voluntary services are one-way initiative from the one who devotes time and
 resources to the communities.
a. Community Service b. Community Development c. Community Program

WHAT’S IN?

List down major Issues affecting the poor and marginalized communities in:
a. Socio-cultural
b. political
c. economic

WHAT'S NEW?
Processing questions:
How do you evaluate your community nowadays?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Do we have a perfect community? What makes it perfect? What makes it imperfect?

______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

WHAT IS IT?

PURPOSES OF COMMUNITY

SOLIDARITY IN THE COMMUNITY:

Solidarity is the acceptance of our social nature and the affirmation of the bonds we share with all our
fellowmen.The willingness to practice participation while striving for social justice in the community is
the social virtue of solidarity. Solidarity is also the firm and persevering determination to commit oneself
to the common good by mutually supporting and sustaining movements for social change and social
justice. It present wide range of social problem that needs to be addressed.

We can observed that solidarity can fit and fall in the following unit of society.

FAMILY
We are called to be a rich expression of that love and solidarity and a witness of the same to the world
and put aside all the differences and remember that a family will always stand behind one another in
any circumstance.

CHURCH
It is the recognition of the common fatherhood of God and brotherhood in Christ that will ensure the
realization of this important principle.

COMMUNITY
This yields a healthy society, a thriving economy, and care for those on the margins, and structures that
protect the family.

INDIVIDUAL
This fully achieved when the reciprocal differences of men and women are seen as an affirmation of the
equal dignity of each person.

Solidarity entails establishing ties with people who are oppressed, marginalined and/or vulnerable such
their cause will be supported whatever feasible yet ethical means and that their rights will be advocated
such as

a. Rural Poor - landless, farmers, peasants

b. Urban Poor - contractual laborers and worker from informal economy
c. Migrant workers and victims of human trafficking
d. Poor children, youth women,the elderly, and street families
e Indigenous people
f. Persons with Diasbilities (PWDs)
g. Prisoners and inmates
h. Victims or survivors of diaster

CITIZEN’S SOCIAL PARTICIPATION

1. Community Activists: Work with others on local problems, form a group to work on local problems,
active membership community organizations, contact officials on social issues.
2. Apathetic Inactive: no participatory activity, not even voting.
3. Passive Supporters: vote regularly, attends patriotic parades, pay all taxes but don’t indulge in social
projects.
4. Protesters: Join in public street demonstration, protest vigorously if a government does something
morally wrong, attend protest meetings, or refuse to obey unjust laws.
5. Communicators: Keep informed about the state of the nation, engaged in discussions, write letters to
newspaper editors, send support or protest messages to national and local leaders.
6. Volunteerism: It is an essence of democracy which refers to the principle or system of supporting or
doing something by voluntary efforts or actions. It comes from the word voluntariness or the quality of
being free in the exercise of one’s free will; and that such act or deed is performed without
valuable/material consideration.
Examples of Programs/Services
Education and Training/Capacity Building

1. Formal Education - financial support from primary to college or service scholarship

2. Non Formal Education - literary class, tutorial session, educational tour
3. Values Formation - modulated children/youth values education, recollection, fellowship gathering,
interfaith sharing
4. Life Skills Seminar/Training - youth camp, team building
5. Talent Development - dancing, singing, and acting workshops or theater arts
6. Sports Recreation - family sports, christmas/birthday party/swimming or outing
7. Leadership Development - basic and advance community organization/organizational development

Family/Community Empowerment
1. Family Development - family and marriage enrichment, family forum and seminar, family counseling,
family thanksgiving day/family day, effective parenting seminar
2. Community Development - Core group development, sector organization (children/youth/elderly),
council development, people's organization, federation development, community-based disaster rism
reduction and management team.

Socio-Economic

Social Services
1. Health and Sanitation - medical and dental check-ups/wellness program
2. Nutrition - food security, food suplement, organic farming and urban gardening
3. Special Projects - crisis intervention, calamity assistance, housing and burial assistance, disaster risk
reduction management, banking or financial literacy program and outreach blood letting

Advocacy
1. Care for Environment - proper waste management, community gardening, tree planting and
community clean-up drive
2. Gender and Development - VAWC, single parent act, family code, child protection
3. Justice and Peace - harmonious relationship betwen staff
4. Socio-politcal - good governance
5. Children and Youth Empowerment
6. Human Rights - child, youth, women, aging
7. Culture and Arts

The following examples are advocacy in solidarity

HEALTH FOR ALL

"Every human being is entitled to the enjoyment of the highest possible standard of health that is
conducive to living a life in dignity." (UN 1996)

EDUCATION FOR ALL

"Inclusive growth and development entails investement in human activity, particularly through the
provision of quality basic education, competitive technical vocational skills training, and relevant and
responsive highet educations." (Phillipine Development Plan 2011-2016/EFA-UNESCO)

GOOD GOVERNANCE FOR ALL

"The aim of people's participation in governance is to transfer power and influence to individuals and
communities." (R. Pante)

CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ALL

Coordiate, monitor and evaluate government programs and ensure mainstreaming of climate change in
national, local, and sectoral development planst toward a climate-resilient and climate-smart
Philippines. (climate.gov.ph)

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

Community Engagement refers to the process of developing partnership and sustaining relationships
with and through group of people affiliated by geographic proximity or common interest for the purpose
of working for the common good and of addressing issues that affect their well-being. Stakeholders from
partnership may include organized groups, agencies, institutions and individuals. Engaging a community
increases everyone’s level of awareness, allows individuals to advocate for their ideas, and offers a
format to gather advice or guidance based on the community’s expertise and experiences. Community
engagement is needed to guide the development of the project agenda by expanding or redefining the
focus of the initiative, identifying unexposed information, and creating a network for revenue sources
and funding partners. The diversity and the number of identified stakeholders are increased.

When communities are engaged at the beginning and throughout the project, people appear to a) be
more receptive to the outcome, b) have the capacity to implement change, and c) maintain longterm
partnerships improves.

Forms of Community Engagement

1. Service Learning - a teaching methodology that employs community service to teach community
engagement, develop greater community and social responsibility and strengthen communities.

2. Outreach Communities - voluntary services done by individual in response to the social, economic and
politcal needs of communities.
Two forms of Voluntary Services
a. Community Service - voluntary services are one-way initiative from the one who devotes time and
resources to the communities.
b. Community Development - require fostering partnership and sustaining relationships with
communities.

3. Community Engaged Research (CEnR) - a collaborative process between resource speakers,

researchers and the partner community in conducting research.

Levels and Modalities of Community Engagement

Levels of Community Engagement

1. Information - a one way relationship on disseminating information to members. Information spread

through:
a. traditioanl media - posters, brochures, telephone calls or word of mouth marketing.
b. mass media - newspaper, radio television and website
c. social media - facebook, twitter and instagram etc.

2. Consultation - involves obtaining shareholders approval for a particular initiative. It seeks to interact
with communition for the pirpose of getting feedback without direct community participation in project
design, implementation and evalution.

3. Involvement - about enlisting community stakeholders as volunteers and/or consumers of an

envisaged service learning/community outreach/CEnR project and its associated services.

4. Active participation - allows the involvement of community members in the planning implementation,
and overall assessment of development initiatives.

Modalities of Community Engagement

1. Transactional - are one-way community project or activities that come from the service providers to
the community like voluntary work, free consultation services, philantrophic cash donations, skills
transfer, giving of technical support.

2. Transitional - are two-way community projects brought about by the process of consultation and
collaboration betwen the service provider and the community.

3. Tranformational - are two-way community projects characterized by active dialogue and critical
reflectivity brought about by the process of involvement and active participation between the external
agent and the community.

Why Practice Community Engagement?

OUTREACH CONSULT INVOLVE COLLAABORATE SHARED

LEADERSHIP
Some Community More Community Better Community Collaborate Strong
Involvement Involvement Involvement Community Bidirectional
Involvement Relationship
Communication Communication Communication
flows flows to the flows both ways, Communication Final decision
from one to the community and participatory form flow is making is at
other, to then back, answer of communication bidirectional community level.
inform seeking
Involves more Forms Entities have
Gets information participation with partnerships with formed
Provides or feedback from community on community on strong partnership
community with the community. isssues. each aspect of structures.
information. project from
Entities share Entities cooperate development to Outcomes:
information. with solution. Broader health
Entities coexist. each other. outcomes
Entities form affecting broader
Outcomes: Outcomes: Outcomes: bidirectional community.
Optimally, Develops Visibility of communication
establishes connections. partnership channels. Strong
communication Involve established bidirectional trust
channels and with increased Outcomes: built.
channels for cooperation Partnership
outreach building, trust
building.

Based on the review of literature of Mattesich and Monsey (1992), the following contributes to the
suuccess of Community Engagement Efforts

Environmental
· History of collaboration or cooperation in the community
· Collaborating group (and agencies in group) seen as leader in community
· Favorable
political and social climate

Membership
· Mutual respect, understanding, andtrust
· Appropriate cross-section of members
· Members see engagement in their self-interest — benefits of engagement as offsetting costs
· Ability to compromise

Process/Structure
· Members feel ownership — share stake in both process and outcome
· Every level in each organization incollaborating groups participates in decision-making

Flexibility of collaborating group

· Clarity of roles and guidelines
· Ability to sustain itself in midst of changing conditions

Communication
· Open and frequent interaction, information, and discussion
· Informal and formal channels of communications

Purpose
· Goals clear and realistic to all partners
· Shared vision
· Unique to the effort (i.e., different atleast in part from mission, goals orapproach of member
organizations)

Resources
· Sufficient funds
· Skilled convener
MODELS AND FRAMEWORKS FOR THE PRACTICE
OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

1. The Social Ecological Model of Health

2. The Active Community Engagement Continuum
3. Diffusion of Innovation
4.Community-Based Participatory Research
5. Translational Research

What are the challenges of community engagement?

Ensuring representativeness - Not all members can engage in programs to the same degree, and many
interventions actively involve only a small number of people (although the whole community is expected
to benefit). It is necessary either that they are elected, or that they identify with it and have its interests
at heart.

Ensuring equity - Including parents of diverse backgrounds, people with disabilities, youth, people from
non-English-speaking backgrounds and Indigenous people.

Establishing community views - One can seek to establish community views by summing the separate
opinions of individual community members (e.g., via surveys) or by seeking to establish the collective
views of community members (e.g., by focus groups or community forums). There is much greater
likelihood of obtaining a good understanding of the collective views of community members if they
already meet regularly and have an opportunity to share experiences and develop emergent opinions
about what they need. This is another reason why families need opportunities for regular contact with
other families in safe settings (such as child and family centres) - these allow emergent opinions to
develop and make it easier to engage with families at a group level (Moore, 2004).

Asking too much of community members - In seeking to involve community members in decision-making
and partnerships there is a danger of asking too much of them, causing stress and exhaustion (Attree et
al., 2011; Simpson et al., 2003). It is also important to avoid making community actions too dependent
upon a few leaders, rather than building capacity across a wide range of community members.

Avoiding disillusionment - Community members may become disillusioned if the community

engagement process does not lead to action that reflects their input. It is imperative that the
professional services involved be fully committed to the process and willing and able to respond to the
decision reached.

Establishing governance arrangements - For community engagement and partnerships to become

standard practice and sustainable, they need to be embedded in ongoing governance arrangements.

Government support - Government's role is to create the conditions that allow the services they fund to
engage effectively with those they serve. That includes giving services a degree of flexibility to respond
to the emerging needs of communities, and being willing to respect and support the decisions reached
by the partnership processes.
Changing professional practice -Making community engagement standard practice in human services
requires a paradigm shift in the nature of the relationship between professionals and clients,
governments and citizens, service systems and communities.

Changing management practice - The prevailing positivist tools and instruments of public administration
(such as the use of private sector management methods and the competitive tendering out of services)
are at odds with the collaborative partnership approaches that characterise effective community
engagement.

Countering "professional drift" - There is the tendency for professionals to drift back into providing
services in ways that best suit professionals and their views.

Building community engagement skills - Engaging communities and building successful partnerships
requires new skills of professionals

Service flexibility - For community engagement to achieve positive results, the service system needs to
be flexible enough to respond to the emerging needs of communities.

Restructuring professional roles - As well as requiring new skills of professionals, community

engagement also demands more of their time.

Building supportive communities - Place-based initiatives tend to focus on building integrated service
systems rather than more supportive communities.

Access to services- There should ne general strategies that implemented to enable access to community
services.

YOUTH INVOLVEMENT IN COMMUNITY

In the 1987 Philippine Constitution Article 2 Section 13, it declares that Filipino youth can comtribute in
the community.

"Article II Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall
promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate
in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs."

Moreover, Section 2 of Republic Act No. 8044, known as the Youth in Nation-Building Act, states that
youth development efforts should (1) promote the youth's realization that they themselves can improve
their quality of life; (2) inculcate desirable values in the youth so they adhere to the pursuit of truth and
justice; (3) encourage youth involvement and participation in policy making and program
implementation to reduce poverty; and (4) mobilize the youth's wellspring of enthusiasm to free our
people from fear, hunger, and injustice.

Also, engaging youth in the nation-building and community development can be seen in Service-
Learning (S-L) courses, such as the Civic Welfare Training Service and Literacy Training Service of the
National Service Training Progran. It require students to address problems in grassroots communities.
Studies shown that student inculcate deep sense of social responsibility and actualize their
commitments for social change.

In addition, the General Education (GE) courses that aim students to have foundation in technical
training and foster their ability to think beyond their areas of specialization. This courses are also based
on liberal education with the primary goal of promoting students' critical thinking and increasing their
awareness of the world around them.

In Catholic universities, part of their additional GE courses are Theology subjects that are anchored upon
Catholic social teachings, which are Gospel principles in relation to current social issues that prompt
individuals to pursue the Christian mission of justice, peace, and care for creation.

On top of this, we now have an Outcomes Based Education (OBE) framework required by the
Commission on Higher Education through CMO No. 46, series of 2012. This requires students' learning to
be primarily measured by their ability to perform tasks, with less focus on traditional written
examinations.

Thus, it can motivate youth to be involved in community program and extensions etc.

"Ang kabataan ang pag-asa ng bayan." This is the vision of Dr. Jose Rizal to the Filipino youth. Youth
groups and organizations are often-overlooked Youths constitute an integral part that assist in social
economic growth of communities. Youth involvement and empowerment should be encouraged so as to
become embedded within the organizational and the community culture to challengelack of inclusivity
and sectoral representation.

The creation of National Youth Commission in the Philippines, Sangguniang Kabataan and celebration of
International Youth Day or Youth week acknowledge the active participation of the youth that will lead
to a local and global movement enabling a collective change by the youth, with the youth, and for the
youth.

Some youth typically spend a substantial amount of time in activities extracurricular to school, including
involvement in community-based organizations. It affects their involvement in the community that. The
following are factors that affect their activeness in thr community: (1) Behavioral well-being, (2) need for
and willingness influence and (3)Parental Involvement.

WHAT’S MORE?
Watch a video clip of Sa Kambas ng Lipunan of a marginalized family.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?V=Oz9OCk4GDnS). After watching the film, answer the following
question:

To what extent did the film

1) engage you?
2) interest you?
3) captivate you? Why?
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?
ENUMERATION: Try to recall the lesson by answering the following
questions:

1-3 When communities are engaged at the beginning and throughout the project,peopleappear
to a) ______________, b) _______________, and c) _____________.

4-6 What are the three forms of commnunity engagement?

7-8. What are the two types of voluntary services?

9-12 What are the levels of community engagement?

13-15 What are the three modalities of community engagement?

WHAT I CAN DO?

Ask your parents, friends or classmate to rank them according to importance.

1. Unemployment
2. Malnutrition
3. Sending their children to school
4. Health/Diseases
5. Sheltr

Answer these questions afterwards.

1.Are the problems facing the society also the problems of the family? Can you cite an instance

2. As a youth how can you contribute to lessening the burdens of your family? 3) Write a commitment
as possible solution in your family to help.

ASSESSMENT
POSTER MAKING: You will mount an exhibit of posters campaigning for STAY At Home, SAVE LIVES in
your community. The posters must have a relevant central image and tagline. You may use any available
medium for poster. Be creative. Mount the posters in your social media. Your poster should identify the
problems of the family in this pandemic and its connection to the community; and major issues and
situations concerning poor /marginalized family and their connection to the community that you
observed

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
RESEARCH PAPER: Identify specific groups or organizations involved in community engagement during
this COVID-19 pandemic. Research and present findings on their historical background and relevant
programs in the community.

GLOSSARY

Capacilty Building -

REFERENCES

_____,(2017). A Compendium of Daily Lesson Plans and Resource Materials in Community

Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship. San Fernando, Pampanga: Departmenr of
Education Region I.
Abenir, Mark Anthony. (2019) Youth in Nation Building. Rappler. Retrieved
fromhttps://amp.rappler.com/views/imho/225469-protests-involvement-university-
education
Brennan, M.A. and Rosemary Barnett. (2007). "Youth Involvement in Community Development:
Implications and Posibilities for Extension". Journal of Extension Vol. 45 No. 4.
Elepaño, Leonor Petra. (2014). Community Engagement. Philippine Women's University
Glandon, Douglas et. al. (2017). "10 Best Resources for Community Engagement in
Implementation Research". Health Policy and Planning Vol. 32. Oxford University Press.
McCloske, Donna Jo et. al. (2011). "Community Engagement: Definitions and Organization
Concepts from the Literature." Principles of Community Engagement Second Edition.
NIH Publications. (June), 5-7
Shaw, Mae and Jim Crowther (2017). Community Engagement: A Critical Guide for Practitioners.
University of Edinburgh.
Walker, Martha A. (n.d.) Community Engagement. Virginia Cooperative Extension.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.rappler.com/views/imho/225469-protests-involvement-
university-education

SUGGESTED READINGS/WEBSITES
______. Module B5 Community Engagement. World Health Organization
Glandon, Douglas et. al. (2017). "10 Best Resources for Community Engagement in
Implementation Research." Health Policy and Planning Vol. 32. Oxford University Press.
Barry, John. (n.d.) Community Planning, Citizenship, Social Solidarity, Equity and Healthy
Communities. Queen's University Belfast.
Silberberg, Mina et. al. (2011). Principles of Community Engagement 2nd Ed. NIH Publication.
Shaw, Mae and Jim Crowther (2017). Community Engagement: A Critical Guide for Practitioner.
Walker, Martha A. (n.d.) Community Engagement. Virginia Cooperative Extension