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  • Absorption by Roots

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    This document discusses the process of absorption of water and minerals by plant roots. It defines key terms like imbibition, diffusion, osmosis, endosmosis, exosmosis, plasmolysis, deplasmolysis, and active transport. It explains how roots are adapted for absorption through structures like root hairs that provide a large surface area. Osmosis plays a key role in absorption, as water moves across semipermeable membranes from regions of higher to lower concentration. The document also differentiates between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions, and discusses how turgor pressure develops in plant cells and helps provide rigidity.

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    Biology notes for 10th graders

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    Absorption by roots

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    This document discusses the process of absorption of water and minerals by plant roots. It defines key terms like imbibition, diffusion, osmosis, endosmosis, exosmosis, plasmolysis, deplasmolysis, and active transport. It explains how roots are adapted for absorption through structures like root hairs that provide a large surface area. Osmosis plays a key role in absorption, as water moves across semipermeable membranes from regions of higher to lower concentration. The document also differentiates between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions, and discusses how turgor pressure develops in plant cells and helps provide rigidity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    43 views3 pages

    Absorption by Roots

    Uploaded by

    the lilly
    This document discusses the process of absorption of water and minerals by plant roots. It defines key terms like imbibition, diffusion, osmosis, endosmosis, exosmosis, plasmolysis, deplasmolysis, and active transport. It explains how roots are adapted for absorption through structures like root hairs that provide a large surface area. Osmosis plays a key role in absorption, as water moves across semipermeable membranes from regions of higher to lower concentration. The document also differentiates between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions, and discusses how turgor pressure develops in plant cells and helps provide rigidity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Smt.

    Sulochanadevi Singhania School, Thane


    Absorption by Roots
    Std. 10
    1. Why water is needed by plants?
    • Transportation of minerals and prepared food
    • Cooling effect provided to plants during transpiration
    • As raw material for photosynthesis
    • Water provides turgidity to cells
    2. Why minerals are required by plants?
    • Constituents of cells and cell organelles
    • Synthesis of enzymes, hormones and pigments
    • Maintains osmotic pressure within cells
    3. How are roots adapted for absorbing water?
    • Roots provide large surface area due to presence of root hairs
    • Cell sap is of higher concentration inside the root cells compared to the surrounding
    soil water
    • Root hairs have very thin cell wall and a semipermeable membrane
    4. Define Imbibition and state its significance
    • It is the process of absorption of water by solid particles of a substance of cell living
    or dead in their dry or semidry state without forming a solution by surface
    attraction
    • Significance- By imbibing water seeds break their seed coat and germinate

    5. Define Diffusion and state its significance


    • It is the movement of molecules of solid, liquid and gas from a region of their higher
    concentration to a region of their lower concentration when the two regions are in
    direct contact
    • Significance- Loss of water vapour from leaves through stomata during transpiration,
    exchange of respiratory gases through stomata
    6. Define osmosis and state its significance
    • It is the process of movement of water molecules from a region of its higher
    concentration to a region of its lower concentration across a semipermeable
    membrane
    • Significance- It helps in absorption of water by roots from the soil, Opening and
    closing of stomata is regulated by osmotic entry and exit of water in the guard cells

    7. Differentiate between Endosmosis and Exosmosis


    • Endosmosis- The inward movement of water molecules into the cell across a
    semipermeable membrane from the outer surrounding region of higher concentration of
    water
    • Exosmosis- The outward flow of water from cell through a semipermeable membrane to
    the surrounding outer region of lower concentration of water.
    8. Define a semipermeable membrane and give few examples
    • The membrane which allows only selected molecules to pass through
    • Example- Goat’s bladder, cellophane paper, parchment paper, cell membrane
    9. What is osmotic pressure?
    • It is the pressure exerted by the solution which just prevents the entry of the solvent
    molecules across a semipermeable membrane.
    10. Define the three types of solutions according to their tonicity
    • Isotonic solutions- Isotonic solutions are those in which the concentration of solute on
    both sides of the semipermeable membrane is equal.
    • Hypotonic solution- It is a solution in which the concentration of solute is low as
    compared to the cell sap
    • Hypertonic solution- It is a solution in which the concentration of the solute is high as
    compared to cell sap.
    11. What is turgidity? Mention two significances of turgidity.
    • It is a condition of equilibrium when no more water can enter into the cell and the cell is
    fully charged with water
    • Significance- Turgidity provides rigidity to soft tissues specially in young leaves,
    Turgidity is essential for growth
    12. What is Flaccidity?
    • It is a condition of the cell when it is not fully charged with water and the cell contents are
    shrunken.
    13. Differentiate between Turgor pressure and Wall pressure
    • Turgor pressure- When the cell is in turgid state, the cell contents exert a pressure against
    the cell wall which is called turgor pressure

    • Wall pressure- When the cell is in turgid state the pressure exerted by the cell wall on cell
    contents is called wall pressure
    14. Differentiate between Plasmolysis and Deplasmolysis
    • Plasmolysis- It is the shrinkage of the protoplasm under the influence of a hypertonic
    solution
    • Deplasmolysis- it is the recovery of the protoplasm when a plamolysed cell is placed in a
    hypotonic solution.
    15. State few significances or applications of plasmolysis
    • Salting of meat or adding salts to pickles to kill bacteria by plasmolysis as salt solution
    forms a hypertonic solution leading to exosmosis from the bacterial cells
    • Weeds in a field may be killed by sprinkling excessive salts .
    • Plants growing in walls are killed by adding excessive salt.
    16. Define Active transport and state its significance in the plants.
    • Active transport is the movement of solutes or minerals from their low concentration
    region to their high concentration region utilizing energy.
    • Significance- roots of plants absorb minerals from soil by the process of active transport
    17. Define Root pressure
    • It is the pressure developed in the roots due to continuous inward movement of water
    through cell to cell osmosis leading to alternate turgidity and flaccidity and helping in
    ascent of sap
    18. Define Ascent of sap and state the forces helping in the process.
    • Ascent of sap is the upward movement of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
    through the xylem tissue
    • Forces involved- Capillarity of Xylem vessels, Root pressure, Transpiration pull,
    Adhesion of water molecules to surface of cells

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