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    Sajjad Ahmed Sial
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    Urbanization and rural-urban migration is a complex issue facing many developing countries. As populations grow, more people are moving from rural areas to cities in search of economic opportunities. The UN estimates that for the first time in 2009, more people globally lived in urban rather than rural areas, and this urban majority will continue to widen. While cities can foster economic development through jobs, many face high unemployment as migrants arrive. Governments must consider policies to moderate heavy rural-to-urban migration flows and address unemployment in cities, while also taking advantage of cities' economic potential.

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    Urbanization and rural-urban migration is a complex issue facing many developing countries. As populations grow, more people are moving from rural areas to cities in search of economic opportunities. The UN estimates that for the first time in 2009, more people globally lived in urban rather than rural areas, and this urban majority will continue to widen. While cities can foster economic development through jobs, many face high unemployment as migrants arrive. Governments must consider policies to moderate heavy rural-to-urban migration flows and address unemployment in cities, while also taking advantage of cities' economic potential.

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    24 views1 page

    Project On Urbanization

    Uploaded by

    Sajjad Ahmed Sial
    Urbanization and rural-urban migration is a complex issue facing many developing countries. As populations grow, more people are moving from rural areas to cities in search of economic opportunities. The UN estimates that for the first time in 2009, more people globally lived in urban rather than rural areas, and this urban majority will continue to widen. While cities can foster economic development through jobs, many face high unemployment as migrants arrive. Governments must consider policies to moderate heavy rural-to-urban migration flows and address unemployment in cities, while also taking advantage of cities' economic potential.

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    of 1

    Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration

    How it is an incentive & How to stop it

    One of the most complex and nuanced dilemmas of the development process: the phenomenon of
    massive and historically unprecedented movements of people from the rural countryside to the
    burgeoning cities of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
    According to a 2013 UN estimate, by 2050 the world population is expected to reach 9.6 billion
    people, and nowhere will population growth be more dramatic than in the cities of the
    developing world. Indeed, according to estimates by the UN Population Division, for the first
    time in human history, in 2009 globally “the number of people living in urban areas (3.42
    billion) had surpassed the number living in rural areas (3.41 billion).” The global urban majority
    is now widening with each passing year.1
    After reviewing trends and prospects for overall urban population growth, we examine in this
    chapter the potential role of cities—both the modern sector and the urban informal sector—in
    fostering economic development. We then turn to a well-known theoretical model of rural-urban
    labor transfer in the context of rapid growth and high urban unemployment. In the final section,
    we evaluate various policy options that governments in developing countries may wish to pursue
    in their attempts to moderate the heavy flow of rural-to-urban migration and to ameliorate the
    serious unemployment problems that continue to plague their crowded cities. We also examine
    how the great potential dynamism and productivity of developing cities can be better harnessed
    for rapid and more inclusive economic development.

    Table A3: Population and Labour Force (millions)


    Pakista 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2017-18
    n
    Total 158.2 163.7 167.2 170.3 174.4 181.7 185.4 189.2 206.6
    Populat
    ion
    Urban 52.5 54.9 56.1 57.3 58.5 61.3 64.6 65.8 75.4
    Rural 105.7 108.8 111.1 113.0 115.9 120.4 120.8 123.4 131.2
    Populat 90.5 93.1 95.9 97.4 102.1 107.5 108.0 110.2 122.2
    ion
    (15+)
    KPK 12.3 12.5 12.9 12.9 13.8 14.7 14.1 14.5 17.6
    Punjab 52.2 54.2 55.9 56.8 59.0 61.7 62.3 63.5 70.0
    Sindh 22.1 22.4 23.1 23.8 25.2 26.4 26.0 26.6 29.5
    Balochi 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.7 5.6 5.6 5.1
    stan
    Labour 47.5 48.8 50.9 52.2 54.5 57.1 57.3 58.6 63.4
    force
    (15+)
    KPK 5.4 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.4 7.5
    Punjab 29.1 29.2 30.4 31.6 32.8 34.2 35.1 35.5 38.6
    Sindh 11.0 11.7 12.3 12.6 13.3 14.0 13.2 13.7 14.7
    Balochi 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 2.5
    stan

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