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    26 views17 pages

    2 7 An Intro To The Periodic Table PDF

    Uploaded by

    Michael Clyde lepasana

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    2.

    7 An Introduction
    to the Periodic
    Table
    Periodic Table
    Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)

    Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


    Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–2


    Groups and Periods

    On the periodic table,


    • elements are arranged according to similar
    properties.
    • groups contain elements with similar properties in
    vertical columns.
    • periods are horizontal rows of elements.

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–3


    Groups and Periods

    Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


    Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–4


    Group Numbers

    Group Numbers
    • use the letter A for the representative elements (1A to
    8A) and the letter B for the transition elements.
    • also use numbers 1-18 to the columns from left to right.

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–5


    Names of Some Representative Elements

    Several groups of representative elements are


    known by common names.

    Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


    Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–6


    Alkali Metals

    Group 1A(1), the alkali metals, includes lithium,


    sodium, and potassium.

    Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


    Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–7


    Halogens

    Group 7A(17) the


    halogens,
    includes chlorine,
    bromine, and
    iodine.

    Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


    Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–8


    Learning Check

    Identify the element described by the following.

    A. Group 7A(17), Period 4


    1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn

    B. Group 2A(2), Period 3


    1) beryllium 2) boron 3) magnesium

    C. Group 5A(15), Period 2


    1) phosphorus 2) arsenic 3) nitrogen

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–9


    Solution

    A. Group 7A (17), Period 4


    1) Br
    B. Group 2A (2), Period 3
    3) magnesium
    C. Group 5A(15), Period 2
    3) nitrogen

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–10


    Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

    The heavy zigzag line


    separates metals and
    nonmetals.
    • Metals are located to
    the left.
    • Nonmetals are located
    to the right.
    • Metalloids are located
    along the heavy zigzag
    line between the metals
    and nonmetals.
    Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
    Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–11


    Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and
    Metalloids

    Metals
    • are shiny and ductile.
    • are good conductors of heat and electricity.
    Nonmetals
    • are dull, brittle, and poor conductors.
    • are good insulators.
    Metalloids
    • are better conductors than nonmetals, but not
    as good as metals.
    • are used as semiconductors and insulators.

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–12


    Comparing a Metal, Metalloid, and Nonmetal

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–13


    Learning Check

    Identify each of the following elements as


    1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid

    A. sodium ____
    B. chlorine ____
    C. silicon ____
    D. iron ____
    E. carbon ____

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–14


    Solution

    Identify each of the following elements as


    1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid

    A. sodium 1 metal
    B. chlorine 2 nonmetal
    C. silicon 3 metalloid
    D. iron 1 metal
    E. carbon 2 nonmetal

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–15


    Metals Tend to Lose Electrons

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–16


    Nonmetals Tend to Gain Electrons

    Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–17

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