FIRST DIVISION

[A.C. No. 6353. February 27, 2006.]

SPOUSES DAVID and MARISA WILLIAMS , complainants, vs . ATTY.

RUDY T. ENRIQUEZ , respondent.

RESOLUTION

CALLEJO, SR ., J : p

Atty. Rudy T. Enriquez stands charged with "unlawful, dishonest, immoral and
deceitful acts in violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility and the Canons of
Professional Ethics, and with conduct unbecoming an attorney." The charges are contained
in the Joint Complaint-A davit for Disbarment 1 led by the spouses David W. Williams
and Marisa B. Williams.
It appears that respondent is the counsel of record of the plaintiffs in Civil Case No.
1 3 4 4 3 2 pending before the Regional Trial Court, Branch 33, Dumaguete City where
complainants are the defendants. According to the complainant-spouses, Marisa Williams
bought the lot subject of the controversy. A Transfer Certi cate of Title (TCT) was then
issued in her favor, stating that she is "Filipino, married to David W. Williams, an American
citizen." 3 On January 8, 2004, respondent charged her with falsi cation of public
documents before the O ce of the City Prosecutor of Dumaguete City. The complaint was
docketed as I.S. No. 2004-34. 4
The spouses Williams further alleged, thus:
21. That, in malicious violation of the rules governing the practice of
law, Attorney Rudy T. Enriquez cited outdated material in his complaint-a davit
(Annex A-1) and in his comments to counter-a davit (Annex A-2). He then
knowingly applied this stale law in a perverse fashion to argue that Marisa
Batacan Williams automatically lost her Filipino citizenship when she married an
American, and was thus prohibited to own land in the Philippines, thereby making
her guilty of falsi cation in the Deed she executed to buy property in Negros
Oriental.

2.2. That in paragraph #1 of her counter-a davit (Annex A-2) Marisa

cites Article IV, Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution, which provides that she would
not lose her citizenship when she married an American unless she renounced it in
a specific act.

2.3 That, in reply, Attorney Enriquez, quotes more outdated law,

declaring that her "act of marrying" her husband was equivalent to renouncing her
citizenship. He also doggedly attempts to show that the 1987 Constitution
supports his position, not Marisa's (Annex A-4). 5

Complainants pointed out that the respondent is a retired judge, who knows that the
false charge (that Marisa Williams is an American) "will not prevail in the end." 6
In his "Comments by Way of Motion to Dismiss," 7 respondent enumerated matters
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 which to his mind were evidence of the acts of falsi cation of complainant Marisa
Williams. He insisted that the complaint for disbarment was a mere tactic to divert
attention from the criminal charges against the complainants, and that the charges against
him were bereft of any factual basis. IDAESH

On December 1, 2004, the case was referred to the Integrated Bar of the Philippines
(IBP) for investigation, report and recommendation. 8 Forthwith, the IBP Commission on
Bar Discipline scheduled the case for mandatory conference/hearing. However, only the
respondent appeared. The parties were then directed to submit their veri ed position
papers.
In their Position Paper, complainants claimed that respondent had maliciously and
knowingly led fabricated cases against them and that his acts were forms of attempted
extortion. They also adopted their joint complaint-a davit by way of incorporation, along
with their other pleadings.
For his part, respondent maintained that complainant Marisa Williams was no longer
a citizen of the Republic of the Philippines as a result of her marriage to David Williams.
In her Report and Recommendation dated June 10, 1995, Commissioner Rebecca
Villanueva-Maala ruled that respondent was guilty of gross ignorance of the law and
should be suspended for six (6) months. The IBP Commission on Bar Discipline adopted
the foregoing recommendation in its Resolution No. XVII-2005-114 dated October 22,
2005, with the modi cation that respondent be "reprimanded, with a warning and advice to
study each and every opinion he may give to his clients."
The Court agrees that respondent is administratively liable for his actuations. As
found by the Investigating Commissioner:
There is no evidence shown by respondent that complainant Marisa
Bacatan-Williams has renounced her Filipino citizenship except her Certi cate of
Marriage, which does not show that she has automatically acquired her
husband's citizenship upon her marriage to him. The cases cited by respondent
are not applicable in this case as it is clear that they refer to aliens acquiring
lands in the Philippines.
The Bar has been integrated for the attainment of the following objectives:
(a) elevate the standards of the legal profession, (b) improve the administration
of justice, and (c) to enable the bar to discharge its public responsibility more
effectively (In re: Integration of the Bar of the Philippines, 49 SCRA 22). In line
with these objectives of the Integrated Bar, lawyers must keep themselves
abreast of legal developments. To do this , the lawyer must walk with the
dynamic movements of the law and jurisprudence. He must acquaint himself
at least with the newly promulgated laws, the recent decisions of the
Supreme Court and of the signi cant decisions of the Court of Appeals .
There are other executive orders, administrative circulars, regulations and other
rules promulgated by other competent authorities engaged in the administration
of justice. The lawyer's life is one of continuous and laborious study, otherwise,
his skill and knowledge of the law and related disciplines will lag behind and
become obscure due to obsoleteness (Canon 5, Code of Professional
Responsibility.) 9

As pointed out by the Investigating Commissioner, Canon 5 of the Code of

Professional Responsibility requires that a lawyer be updated in the latest laws and
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 jurisprudence. 1 0 Indeed, when the law is so elementary, not to know it or to act as if one
does not know it constitutes gross ignorance of the law. 1 1 As a retired judge, respondent
should have known that it is his duty to keep himself well-informed of the latest rulings of
the Court on the issues and legal problems confronting a client. 1 2 In this case, the law he
apparently misconstrued is no less than the Constitution, 1 3 the most basic law of the land.
1 4 Implicit in a lawyer's mandate to protect a client's interest to the best of his/her ability
and with utmost diligence is the duty to keep abreast of the law and legal developments,
and participate in continuing legal education programs. 1 5 Thus, in championing the
interest of clients and defending cases, a lawyer must not only be guided by the strict
standards imposed by the lawyer's oath, but should likewise espouse legally sound
arguments for clients, lest the latter's cause be dismissed on a technical ground. 1 6
Ignorance encompasses both substantive and procedural laws. 1 7
We nd too harsh the recommended penalty of the Investigating Commissioner. It
must be stressed that the power to disbar or suspend must be exercised with great
caution. Only in a clear case of misconduct that seriously affects the standing and
character of a lawyer as an o cer of the Court and member of the bar will disbarment or
suspension be imposed as a penalty. 1 8 Pursuant to the IBP Commission on Bar
Discipline's Guidelines for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions, 1 9 and considering further that this
is respondent's rst infraction, we nd that the penalty of reprimand as recommended by
the IBP Commission on Bar Discipline, will suffice. TaSEHC

We likewise note that in their pleadings in this case, the parties repeatedly invoked
their arguments in their pending cases below. Thus, we nd it unnecessary to rule over
such arguments, which have yet to be determined on the merits in the courts a quo.
WHEREFORE, for gross ignorance of the law, Atty. Rudy T. Enriquez is
REPRIMANDED and ADVISED to carefully study the opinions he may give to his clients. He
is STERNLY WARNED that a repetition of a similar act shall be dealt with more severely.
SO ORDERED.
Panganiban, C.J., Ynares-Santiago, Austria-Martinez and Chico-Nazario, JJ., concur.

Footnotes
1. Rollo, pp. 1-6.
2. Entitled Francisco Briones Ventolero, et al. v. David W. Williams, et al. for "Declaration for
Inexistence/Revocation of Deed; Declaration of Sole Heir and Sale; Legal Redemption;
Cancellation and Annulment of Transfer Certificate of Title No. T-35430, Lot No. 2920-D,
Psd-07-052555, Reconveyance and Damages."
3. Rollo, p. 13.
4. Id. at 8-11.
5. Id. at 2-3.
6. Id. at 5.
7. Id. at 104-111.
8. Id. at 261.

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 9. Report and Recommendation dated June 10, 2005, pp. 3-4.
10. CANON 5 — A LAWYER SHALL KEEP ABREAST OF LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS,
PARTICIPATE IN CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS, SUPPORT EFFORTS TO
ACHIEVE HIGH STANDARDS IN LAW SCHOOLS AS WELL AS IN THE PRACTICAL
TRAINING OF LAW STUDENTS AND ASSIST IN DISSEMINATING INFORMATION
REGARDING THE LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE.

11. Bacar v. De Guzman, Jr., 338 Phil. 41 (1997), citing Uy v. Dizon-Capulong, A.M. No. RTJ-
91-766, April 7, 1993, 221 SCRA 87.
12. Arquelada v. Philippine Veterans Bank, 385 Phil. 1200, 1214 (2000).
13. Section 4, Article IV of the Constitution provides:
Sec. 4. CITIZENS OF THE PHILIPPINES WHO MARRY ALIENS SHALL RETAIN THEIR
CITIZENSHIP, UNLESS BY THEIR ACT OR OMISSION THEY ARE DEEMED, UNDER THE
LAW, TO HAVE RENOUNCED IT.

14. As aptly put by Chief Justice Artemio V. Panganiban in his Dissenting Opinion in the
Court's Resolution dated October 25, 1995 in G.R. No. 119976 (Marcos v. COMELEC),
"the Constitution is not intended for lawyers to quibble over, nor to define legal niceties
and articulate nuances about, in the ascertainment of its import. Its contents and words
should be interpreted in the sense understood by the ordinary men and women who
place their lives on the line in its defense and who pin their hopes for a better life in its
fulfillment."

15. Fajardo v. Dela Torre, A.C. No. 6295, April 14, 2004, 427 SCRA 125, 131, citing Rabanal
v. Tugalde, A.C. No. 1372, June 27, 2002, 383 SCRA 484 and Cuevas v. Bais Steel
Corporation, G.R. No. 142689, October 17, 2002, 391 SCRA 192.
16. See Intengan v. Court of Appeals, 427 Phil. 293 (2002), where petitioner, through
counsel, filed a "wrong information" for violation of Republic Act No. 1405. In denying
the petition, the Court declared that petitioners were left with no remedy in law, as the
filing of said information did not have the effect of tolling the prescriptive period, "for it
is the filing of the complaint or information corresponding to the correct offense which
produces that effect."
17. Fajardo v. Dela Torre, supra, note 15, at 132, citing Intengan v. Court of Appeals, supra.
18. Ramos v. Ngaseo, A.C. No. 6210, December 9, 2004, 445 SCRA 529, 537, citing
Montano v. Integrated Bar of the Philippines, A.C. No. 4215, May 21, 2001, 358 SCRA 1,
9.

19. According to Standard 3.0 of said Guidelines, the factors to be considered in imposing
sanctions include (a) the duty violated; (b) the lawyer's mental state; (c) the actual or
potential injury caused by the lawyer's misconduct; and (d) the existence of aggravating
and mitigating factors. Under Standard 9.3, the "absence of a prior disciplinary record" is
considered a mitigating factor.

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