Eleventh Semiannual Report To Congress January 1 - June 30, 1964
Eleventh Semiannual Report To Congress January 1 - June 30, 1964
Eleven h
SEMIANNUAL
REPOR l" i-O
JANUARY 1- CONGRESS
JUNE30. 1964
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JANUARY
25,1965
The PRESIDENT,
The White House.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT" This 11th Semiannual Report of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration covering the period January 1 through June
30, 1964, is submitted for transmittal to Congress in accordance with Section
206(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958.
We have prepared the report in two parts. The first section is a concise
summary of NASA programs and progress, and the second is a detailed discussion
of the Agency's activities.
Among the highlights of the period were these accomplishments :
Echo II launched January _5.--This passive communications satellite sup-
ported the first cooperative communications experiments with the U.S.S.R.
Fifth successful Saturn I test flight January _9.--First flight using live second
(S-IV) stage; first Saturn I orbital mission; orbit of largest object by United
States to that time (37,700 pounds) ; major step forward in the Saturn program.
First unmanned Gemini flight April &--First flight of Gemini spacecraft; a
significant achievement of the manned space flight project that follows Project
Mercury; second largest object launched into earth orbit by the United States
at that time ; verified effectiveness of the Titan II launch vehicle.
Sixth successful Saturn I test flight May _8.--First test to use'an unmanned
.kpollo (boilerplate) spacecraft; test underscored soundness of the Saturn design.
In addition, NASA launched an improved Relay II satellite on January 21,
Ariel II, a United States-United Kingdom geophysical satellite on March 27, and
shortly after the end of the period (July 28), the highly successful Ranger VII,
which, for the first time, relayed thousands of pictures of the visible face of the
moon.
These achievements, together with a vast number of other scientific and tech-
nological advances, signify continued progress in our space program, provide a
firm basis for the future, and point up the fact we are moving with deliberate
speed toward the Nation's goals in space.
Respectfully yours,
JAMES lq]. WEBB, Administrator.
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CONTENTS
Page
Page
APPENDIXES
Page
ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
TABLES
For the first manned Gemini flight, Maj. Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom
was chosen as the command pilot and Lt. Comdr. Jolm W. Young,
the copilot. The backup crew is Lt. Comdr. Walter M. Schirra, Jr.,
command pilot, and Maj. Thomas P. Stafford, copilot.
Gemini space medicine efforts included work on crew equipment,
pressure suits and life support systems, biomedical experimental
studies, and medical flight operations. The training _uit of the type
to be used aboard the spacecraft was delivered to the Manned Space-
craft Center for evaluation and flight qualification; and a contract
was awarded for life support systems of the type to be used by astro-
nauts who will leave the spacecraft while it is in orbit.
Forty-one experiments were approved for Gemini--17 are to be tech-
nological; 12, scientific ; 9, medical ; and 3, special engineering experi-
ments by the Manned Spacecraft Center.
In the Apollo program, plans were made to recruit scientist-
astronauts, certain astronaut training was intensified, and scien-
tific experiments were being planned. Of major importance were the
fifth and sixth successful flights of the two-stage Saturn I.
The successful Saturn I (SA-5) flight of January 29 was the first,
to use both live stages (S-I and S-IV), first fligh_ in the Saturn I
program using liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen as a propellant, first
use of the uprated H-1 engines (from 165,000 to 188,000 pounds),
first flight test of the instrument unit, and the first Saturn I orbital
mission. The successful sixth flight of Saturn I (SA-6, May 28)
was a more sophisticated version and the first test to use an unmanned
boilerplate Apollo spacecraft (command and service modules). By
the end of June, plans were well along for the seventh flight (SA-7).
Seven boilerplate test models and seven airframe vehicles of the
spacecraft (command and service modules) were being fabricated and
assembled. The test models for the Saturn I (SA-7) flight and the
second Little Joe II abort test were undergoing development engineer-
ing inspections. Also, an Apollo boilerplate spacecraft was being
prepared for integrated systems test ing.
A first test model of the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) vehicle
was completed. (This is a full-scale replica made of wood and plas-
tic.) The metal mockup was approximately 40 percent fabricated.
In addition, fabrication of two of the nine ground test vehicles was
underway.
Four guidance and navigation systems for the command module
and the LEM had been fabricated by the end of the period; the first
three were tested at the subsystem level. The fourth, following other
tests, was delivered to the spacecraft contractor for use in spacecraft/
ground support equipment integration.
PERIOD IN RFArIEW 5
Craft orbited during this period and others launched earlier helped
investigators obtain a clearer understanding of the space about the
earth. Echo II, the passive communications satellite launched in
January, provided geophysicists with air density data, and Ariel II,
the second United States-United Kingdom geophysical satellite,
launched in March, collected and transmitted data on radio frequency
radiation, ozone in the atmosphere, and micrometeoroids.
Explorer XVII, launched April 1963, and still transmitting data,
revealed daily variations in atmospheric density and information on
physical and chemical processes in the upper atmosphere. Explorer
XVIII (orbited November 26, 1963) supplied the most accurate meas-
urements yet available of the strength and direction of the inter-
planetary magnetic field. And the Canadian geophysical satellite
Alouette (launched by NASA September 28, 1962), returned data on
the upper atmosphere and its dependence on solar radiation.
In the Ranger program, Ranger VI was launched on January 30
and landed on the moon on February 2, in the target area. However_
its TV cameras failed to transmit during the 17 minutes before im-
pact, presumably because of a premature turn-on during launch, and
no pictures of the moon's surface were obtained. Ranger VII was
modified to minimize the likelihood of such failure and underwent
extensive testing during this period. After the close of the period
(July 31), Ranger VII was launched and successfully accomplished
its mission, transmitting thousands of excellent pictures of the lunar
surface.
In other developments in NASA's lunar and planetary programs,
two Mariner spacecraft were being readied to fly by Mars, and a con-
tract was signed for the design of this country's first satellite of the
moon. Surveyor (a far more sophisticated spacecraft than Mariner
or Ranger) was being developed to make soft lunar landings, conduct
experiments on the moon, and provide engineering and mapping data
in support of future manned landings.
Bioscientists, acting on the recommendations of the Agency's Space
Science Steering Committee, selected experiments for the first three
payloads to be carried aboard recoverable biosatellites planned for
initial flights in about 2 years. Experiments for these orbiting bio-
logical laboratories were chosen from 175 proposed by scientists
PERIOD IN RR_rIEW 7
throughout the United States. They will include general biology and
radiation experiments, plant experiments, tissue cultures_ small mam-
mals, and a pigtailed monkey. There will be six flights in this series.
Further, significant advar_ces were made in understanding the bio-
logical effects of weightlessness, cosmic radiation, gravitational forces_
and other outer space stresses on various life forms---knowledge vital
to man's exploration of the planets and interplanetary space.
In manned space science, NASA planned investigations designed
to make maximum use of an astronaut's ability to perform efficiently
in space. Inflight scientific experiments for the two-man Gemini mis-
sions were under preparation_ and flight qualification testing of equip-
ment for these experiments began in June. Detailed planning of
investigations to be carried on by explorers of the moon also was
underway.
Satellite Applications
Relay II and the second Echo joined Telstar II, Syncom II, Relay
I, and Echo I in space in January of this year to supply more data for
scientists and engineers experimenting with communications satellites.
U.S. TV viewers saw the winter Olympics at Innsbruck, Austria,
via communications satellites, and an estimated 165 million Europeans
watched the world's heavyweight boxing match telecast from this
country in the spring. In April, Telstar II linked Japan and Europe
via communications satellite for the first time, and supplied radiation
8 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
data which gave scientists a more accurate picture of the Van Allen
belt.
Relay I became the first communications satellite to exceed its
designed lifetime of one year, and Syncom II supplied thousands of
hours of data. At the request of the Department of Defense, Syncom
II was commanded to drift westward where it will be in a supporting
location for Syncom III, which will be, on station near the Interna-
tional Date Line in its planned orbit. (Syncom III spacecraft was
]aunched from Cape Kennedy on August 19.)
In its navigation satellites program, NASA joined the Departments
of Defense, Interior, Commerce, Treasury, and the Federal Aviation
Agency in setting up an ad hoc committee to consider a system of
spacecraft able to meet future air-se_ navigation and traffic control
needs.
Satellites and sounding rockets continued to offer unique advantages
for research and operational meteorologists all over the world. And
during this period, the first experimental Automatic Picture Trans-
mission (APT) subsystem aboard TIROS VIII (launched Dec. 1963)
supplied U.S. weather forecasters in remote areas with photographs
of local cloud cover a few minutes after the photographs were taken.
The report period also saw plans completed for the Agency's Ad-
vanced Technological Satellites Pro_oTam and an Advanced Techno-
logical Satellite Flight Project established under the management of
Goddard Space Flight Center. Each Advanced Technological Satel-
lite, using technology developed under Advanced Syncom, will be
adaptable to various types of payloads and be designed for a 3-year
lifetime. Experiments to be orbited on the spacecraft will include
ones in communications, meteorology, and orbital environment. The
first flight is planned for 1966.
In May, TIROS VII (orbited June 1963) established a new record
of performance in this highly successful satellite series when it ex-
ceeded the 66,674 pictures--59,830 of them meteorologically useful--
taken by the sixth TIROS. The next in the series, TIROS I (Eye),
was being prepared for launch. Built like a cartwheel, the spacecraft
will have cameras looking out through its sides and will be able to take
earth-oriented pictures throughout the sunlit portion of each orbit.
During the first 6 months of 1964, the prototype Nimbus spacecraft,
an advanced meteorological observatory in space, passed its qualifying
tests. The first flight spacecraft--Nimbus A--was being prepared for
its scheduled launching during the third quarter of 1964. (Nimbus A
was successfully orbited as Nimbus I on August. 28.)
PERIOD IN REVIEW" 9
International Programs
SPACE
, FLIGHT
Gemini Objectives
The Gemini program is the second major step by the United States
in manned space systems development and space exploration. It fol-
lows the pioneer efforts in Mercury and prepares the way for Apollo.
Two-man earth orbital flights early in the program will lead to long-
duration flights and rendezvous-docking flights in later phases.
MANNED SPACE FLIGHT 21
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1
-
MAIWXD SPACE F'LIGHT 27
of the Gemini target vehicle program thus moved in good order toward
, the planned launch dates.
Mission Planning
During the first half of calendar year 1964, along with the first
Gemini mission ( GT-1) , flight operations effort included detailed
planning for the remaining eleven Gemini flight missions and the
Figure 1-4. Agena Propulsion Test Vehicle Assembly ready for test.
28 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Figure 1-5. Operations control room, Cape Kennedy Mission Control Center.
MANNED SPACE FLIGHT 29
Flight Center tracked the spacecraft after loss of power in the space-
craft and accurately predicted its reentry into the South Atlantic.
The second Gemini mission (GT-2), scheduled late in 1964, will be
a suborbital flight to validate the spacecraft systems from launch
through reentry.
Astronaut Trainin9
As the time neared for the first manned flight in the Gemini pro-
gram, the primary and backup crews for the flight were named, and
advanced specialized training was intensified. In the meantime, the
]4 new astronauts who reported in February completed their academic
training in science and technology and started specialized training for
both Gemini and Apollo flights.
Named on April 13 as the primary crew for the first manned flight
(GT-3) were Maj. Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom, command pilot, and Lt.
Comdr. John W. Young, copilot. Grissom had been responsible for
coordinating all Gemini developments with the other astronauts. The
backup crew consisted of Lt. Comdr. Walter M. Shirra, Jr., command
pilot, and Maj. Thomas P. Stafford, copilot. As tentatively planned,
the backup crew would be substituted as a team in the event that either
of the primary pilots is grounded.
During the reporting period, these four astronauts frequently
visited the contractor's plant in St. Louis, where Gemini spacecraft
were being manufactured. They received training in the spacecraft
and participated in other exercises, including preliminary use of a
Gemini spacecraft docking sinmlator (Translation and Docking
Trainer) which was being readied for shipment to the Manned Space-
craft Center.
Three astronauts--Neil A. Armstrong, Lt. Comdr. James A. Lovell,
Jr., and Maj. Thomas P. Stafford--took part in water egress and
other tests. These were the first conducted under actual sea conditions
(in Galveston Bay). Using a model of the Gemini spacecraft, they
developed techniques that would later be taught to the other astro-
nauts. Tests were made with and without a flotation collar (a rubber
raft inflated around the spacecraft by pararescue teams at the end of
a mission). Earlier, the astronauts had practiced egress from the
capsule in a huge tank at Ellington Air Force Base and in the training
tank at the Manned Spacecraft Center.
In May the Manned Spacecraft Center conducted _ 10-day series
of weightlessness tests, using a Gemini spacecraft installed inside a
KC-135 jet aircraft. Astronaut John W. Young took part in the
tests along with Air Force and contractor test pilots.
30 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Space Medicine
Scientific Experiments
Vitally important aspects of the Gemini and Apollo projects are the
scientific experiment programs. To facilitate planning for these pro-
grams, a Manned Space Flight Experiments Board, established late
in 1963, was formally organized on February 10, 1964. Consisting of
nine key NASA and associated personnel, it considers scientific, medi-
cal, technological, and engineering experiments submitted by the sci-
entific community, other agencies of the Government and NASA
offices; it then makes recommendations to the Associate Administra-
tor for Manned Space Flight.
During the reporting period, these efforts were intensified for
Gemini, and by the end of June, the Experiments Board had approved
41 experiments for missions GT-3 through GT-12. Seventeen of
which were technological, 12 were scientific, 9 were medical, and 3
were Manned Spacecraft Center special engineering experiments.
Some would be repeated during the Gemini missions.
Also by the end of June 1964, the principal investigators for these
experiments--scientists from universities and various laboratories--
had begun making the necessary preparations for testing. Appro-
priate modifications to the various spacecraft were being planned and,
in some cases, had already been accomplished. Flight qualification
testing of the experimental equipment slated to be used on the first
manned Gemini mission (GT-3) was begun in June.
Though experiments for the early Gemini program were quite firm,
some opportunities existed for research experiments and studies be-
ginning in 1966. For this reason, and to insure the broadest and best
possible selection, NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications
requested domestic and foreign scientists to submit proposals for ex-
periments for Gemini flights GTA-10, GTA-11, and GTA-12. Pri-
32 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
,Apollo Objectives
Mission Planning
SystemsEngineering
755-266 0 - 64 - 4
36 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
U
. A. . . -- I .---. .
Figure 1-8. S-l stage being erected a t Cape Kennedy.
~ ~~~~~
Figure 1-9. Prototype Apollo fuel cell mounted in vacuum chamber bell.
40 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Besides the boilerplate command and service modules for the tran-
sonic abort test and for the SA-6 and SA-7 Saturn I flights, the
contractor delivered boilerplate service modules to Marshall Space
Fight Center during the period for use in the micrometeoroid experi-
ments on the SA-8 and SA-9 flights. Command modules for these
flights were nearing readiness for delivery.
Vehicle and subsystem development of the lunar excursion module
(LEM) progressed satisfactorily during this period. Designs and
configurations were essentially frozen and undergoing detail refine-
ments. Major subcontractors were selected to develop the abort
guidance section, ascent stage tanks, reaction control system tanks, rate
gyros, attitude indicator, propellant gauging, cryogenic gas storage,
and the LEM mission simulator.
Fabrication and assembly of the first LEM test model were com-
pleted, and a formal NASA review was held in March. (See fig.
1-10.) This test model was a full-scale replica in wood and plastic for
use in evaluating crew visibility, crew mobility, and cockpit and equip-
ment arrangement.
A LEM metal mockup was approximately 40 percent fabricated at
the end of June. It will be used primarily in engineering design for
locating equipment and line runs.
Two of the nine ground test vehicles were being fabricated.
Marshall Space Flight Center will use one to obtain data on the
dynamic effect of a LEM on the Saturn launch vehicle. The _om-
mand and service module contractor will use the other to obtain
data on the compatibility of the LEM and the adapter. The con-
tractor would later begin fabricating 11 flight models.
Vehicle test effort started during this period included thermal
tests on a descent stage structure and antenna tests on a full-scale
model. Development tests were in progress on subsystems, including
landing gear, propulsion systems, fuel cell assembly, and communi-
cations equipment.
Hardware items delivered during the period included a 1/6 scale
landing stability test model to the Manned Spacecraft Center and a
wooden mockup of the LEM to the command and service module
contractor for adapter compatibility tests.
The guidance and navigation systems for the command module
and the lunar excursion module were in an advanced state of de-
velopment. Four systems had been fabricated and the first three
were tested at the subsystem level in support of the design process.
Tests included mechanical, electrical, and environmental evaluations.
The fourth system, the first to be integrated into a complete system,
was used to evaluate functional operation, to study ground support
MANNED SPACE FLIGHT 41
equipment, and to develop and prove system test and operations
procederes. It was then delivered to the spacecraft contractor for
use in spacecraft/ground support equipment integration. An initial
production run was started, the first systems being in the final ac-
ceptance phase a t the end of the period.
A second block of improved guidance and navigation systems was
being designed to include the unique requirements of the lunar ex-
cursion module. The systems for both modules will be functionally
identical, differing only in packaging to fit the different spacecraft.
Among the major subsystems of the Apollo spacecraft are the
three main propulsion systems, used in the service module, the LEM
descent stage, and the LEM ascent stage. In this development, the
emphasis was on maximum reliability.
During this period, Phase I development of the service module
engine was completed, including a program of altitude firings. Dur-
ing Phase II at the Arnold Engineering Development Center in the
latter half of 1964, an injector designed to increase engine perform-
ance will be tested. The first ground test engine was delivered to
the service module contractor, and preparations were being made_
for the initial firings at the Propulsion System Development Facility
at the White Sands Missile Range.
Because of the advanced technology required to develop a reliable,
controllable-thrust engine for lunar landing of the LEM descent
stage, two contractors were engaged in a parallel development effort.
(See fig. 1-11.) This engine will provide thrust which can be
throttled from 10,500 down to 1,050 pounds. Components were de-
veloped through sea level testing and and were ready for altitude
firing.
Considerable progress was made in developing the engine for LEM
ascent. Two major components, the injector and the thrust chamber,
began undergoing performance testing at altitude at the Arnold En-
gineering Development Center, Tullahoma, Tenn.
Sixteen 100-pouad-thrust, radiation-cooled engines make up the
service module reaction control system. They will be used for attitude
control, propellant settling, and small velocity increments. Sixteen
of those same engines are also used on the LEM. In fiscal year 1964,
an improved injector configuration was designed to solve a persistent
ignition pressure problem and provide a basis for completing the
engine development.
Twelve 91-pound-thrust ablative engines in the command module
reaction control system will be used during atmospheric reentry. An
engine configuration was developed to meet performance and life re-
quirements, and would soon start qualification tests.
Launch Vechicles
The Saturn I launch vehicle will be used to flight test Apollo boiler-
plate command and service modules. The Saturn IB will be used
for Apollo unmanned earth orbital qualification and manned earth
orbital flights. Saturn V is to be used for unmanned lunar orbital
qualification flights, orbital lunar mission simulation, and, eventually,
hmar exploration. The Little Joe II launch vehicle is being used
for short-duration tests of the launch escape system and the earth
landing system to simulate crew rescue from an abort situation early
in the boost phase.
MANNED SPACE FLIGHT 43
Figure 1-11. Mockup of LEM controllable thrust engine for lunar landing.
L
Figure 1-12. Mockup of the S-IC (Saturn V first stage) a t Michoud Plant.
MANNED SPACE _m_ 45
the S-I stage of the Saturn I. The second stage, S-IVB, consists
of a single 200,000-pound-thrust liquid-oxygen/liquid-hydrogen J-2
engine in place of the six RL-10 A-3 engines used in the S-IV stage
of the Saturn I.
During the first half of 1964, design and development of the Saturn
IB vehicle continued on schedule. Fabrication and assembly of com-
ponents for the first 2 of 12 booster flight stages were started by the
contractor at the Michoud Plant.
In March, the contractor began delivering the Saturn IB H-1
engines to the Michoud Plant. Testing of hardware continued, com-
ponent qualification testing at the 200,000-pound-thrust level being
approximately 80 percent completed.
The S-IVB structural test stage was completed, and structural tests
were initiated. The S-IVB battleship test stage was installed on the
test stand and cold flow tests commenced. Fabrication of the first
four S-IVB flight stages, manufacture of the facility checkout stage,
and manufacture of the dynamic test stage were all underway. The
same ground test stages will be used for both the Saturn IB and V
test and development programs because the second stage of the Saturn
IB also serves as the third stage for Saturn V.
In May 1964, the design for the instrument units was released. The
units were being fabricated and assembled for the structural, vibration,
and dynamic test programs, and for the first two flight units.
The three-stage Saturn V consists of the first stage, S-IC; the second
stage, S-II ; an upper stage, S-IVB ; and an instrument unit. Initial
designs of the stages were completed in May of 1964, and the design
and development of the vehicles continued on schedule for the re-
mainder of the reporting period.
At the Marshall Space Flight Center, the first two SIC ground
stages, the all-systems and structural test stage, and the first two flight
stages were being assembled. The contractor was furnishing parts
and components. The contractor will build the dynamic test stage,
the facility checkout stage, and all subsequent flight stages at the
Michoud Plant.
Assembly of a full scale S-IC mockup was completed in June at
the Michoud Plant. This mockup will be used to establish wiring
runs and tubing layouts, and to check out interface points. (Fig.
1-12).
The S-II stages were under design and development. Fabrication
of the battleship test structure was completed and tanking tests were
scheduled to begin soon. The S-II structural, all-systems, dynamic
and facility checkout test stages were all in various stages of fabrica-
tion and checkout.
The S-IVB stage of Saturn V, substantially similar to the S-IVB
stage of the Saturn IB, was being designed and developed. Late in
46 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Automatic Chechout
Figure 1-1 3. The J-2 engine, to be used in the S-ll and SIV6 stages.
48 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Space Medicine
Astronaut Trainin9
aspects of the moon from the Kitts Peak National Observatory near
Tucson, Ariz.
In other training for Apollo, the astronauts participated in design
of the Apollo Systems Trainers. One week of briefing on the Apollo
systems was conducted for the fourteen new astronauts. Five astro-
nauts participated in evaluating the command module, displays, con-
trols, and pressure suits in a mockup installed on the centrifuge at the
Naval Air Development Center, Johnsville, Pa. They began an en-
gineering evaluation on the X-14 vertical takeoff and landing aircraft
for potential use in engineering and training activities.
They also continued monitoring design of the free flight lunar land-
ing research vehicle, which was essentially completed and nearing
readiness for flight tests. Astronauts participated in several engi-
neering simulations at the Manned Spacecraft Center and various
contractor plants.
Fifteen astronauts completed helicopter checkout, receiving an in-
troduction to vertical and hover flight such as will be required in the
lunar excursion module.
Scientific Experiments
_upporting _esources
To provide for the Gemini and Apollo projects and further augment
the Government-industry base for future space activities, the Agency
continued its planned buildup of facilities and supporting resources.
Construction of new facilities went forward, and progress was made
in providing additional propellant supply sources for both east and
west coast requirements.
Construction of Facilities
755-266 0 - 64 - 5
i2 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
. MANNED SPACE FLIGHT 53
All major facility modifications required to manufacture the S-IB
- stage, the 'booster stage for the Saturn IB, have been completed and
production of flight stages was started.
Construction of the High-bay Vertical Assembly and Hydrostatic
Test Buildings and the High-pressure Test Facility for the booster
stage of the Saturn I was completed. All remaining support facili-
ties, including the final S-IC checkout building, were progressing on
schedule, and the new Engineering Building to house Michoud's tech-
nical and administrative personnel was nearing completion.
A t Seal Beach, Calif., another Government-owned, contractor-
operated facility under construction since late 1962 is to produce the
S-11, the second stage of the Saturn V. Facilities completed during
the first half of calendar year 1964 include the Verical Assembly and
Hydrostatic Test Facility, the Structural Static Test Facility, the
Pneumatic and Packaging Plant, and the Loading Dock. Figure 1-15
shows the S-I1 bulkhead and skirt assembly.
A t the contractor-owned facility a t Huntington Beach, Calif ., in-
stallation of the returnable, special Government test equipment was
completed and S-IVB stages were being manufactured. At Air
Force Plant 16, a Government-owned contractor-operated facility a t
Domney, Calif., design of a third LEM Test Position began during
Figure 1-1 5. S
I1 bulkhead and skirt assembly, Seal Beach, Calif.
54 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
t'his period and production of Apollo spacecraft and S-II stage com-
ponents continued.
Development and Acceptance Testing.--These facility resources
provide for testing of hardware during the developmental phases of the
program and for acceptance testing of production equipment. Much
developmental testing of launch vehicle stages, engines, and compo-
nents in support of the Saturn I, Saturn IB, and Saturn V projects
is done at the Marshall Space Flight Center. Facilities for static,
dynamic, cold flow, and components testing of Saturn I and IB stages
and the H-1 engine already exist at the Center.
Marshall's Saturn V test facilities (S-IC Stage and F-1 Engine
Static Test Stands and F-1 Turbopump Components Test Facility)
were close to completion. During this reporting period the S-IC
static test stand, including deflector, high-pressure water system, and
adaption hardware, was completed. Also finished were the observa-
tion bunker, the preparation building and high-pressure water system
for the F-1 Engine Static Test Stand, the F-1 turbopump test stand
for the Component Test Facility, and the Hydraulic Test Facility.
Construction of the extension to the test opel_ttions support facilities
for the Saturn V continued as planned. Figure 1-16 shows the Saturn
I and Saturn V Dynamic Test Stands.
Construction of the Saturn V Ground Support Equipment Test
Facility, initiated in 1963, was also on schedule. Construction began
on the Barge Dock and Loading Facility, to be used for loading launch
vehicle stages on barges en route to John F. Kennedy Space Center and
Mississippi Test Facility.
The Environmental Test Laboratory, under construction at the
Manned Spacecraft Center, will contain two of the world's largest
man-rated environmental chambers. It is to be used to test assembled
spacecraft modules and systems, and to train astronauts in simulated
space and lunar operations.
Construction of a new static test stand complex at Edwards Air
Force Base, Calif., was started in March 1962. During the first half
of 1964, construction of the three F-1 engine test stands (l-C, l-D,
and l-E) was completed, and acceptance testing of F-1 engines began
on Test Stand 1-D. Also, installation of an environmental capability
on Stand 1-E was started, and facility checkout of the Control Center
was completed.
At the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, construction of
the Apollo Spacecraft Propulsion Systems Development Facility for
the command and service modules was completed. Construction began
on facilities in support of developmental testing of the LEM propul-
sion systems. These facilities will include three test stands with alti-
tude simulation capability.
MANNED SPACE FLIGHT 55
A t the Sacmmento Test Site, facility checkout of Test Stand Beta
1 was completed. Construction of Test Stand Beta 3, initiated in
April 1963, and the Propellant Gas Storage and Transfer System,
started in March 1963, was completed.
Construction of the S-I1 Test Stands (Coca I and Coca IV) at,
Santa Susana, Calif., was completed and facility checkout was started.
When completed, the Saturn V Test Complex at the Mississippi Test
Facility (MTF) will include a dual-position S-IC test stand, two
single-position S-I1 stands, and a data acquisition facility. The in-
ProPellant Support
The Gemini and Apollo projects presently require by far the major
part of the national resofirces allocated for manned space flight.
Beyond these projects, it is the function of the Advanced Manned
Missions Program to investigate and define the more promising
alternatives which are available for further progress. In this endeavor,
the technological, industrial and operational bases of the Gemini,
Apollo, and Saturn programs represent essential building blocks.
At any given time the systems under the cognizance of Manned
Space_Flight can be divided into four groups: Approved projects,
alternative and growth concepts which might be conducted within the
scope of approved projects, concepts for the extension of approved
projects, and future concepts requiring major new development effort.
60 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
The last three groups are under the cognizance of the Advan_d
Manned Missions Program office.
The potential missions and systems for future manned space flight
lie in three basic mission al_'ts : Earth orbital, lunar, and planetary.
A fourth area, launch vehicle systems, constitutes an underlying base
for all missions. These four areas comprise the major divisions of
advanced study effort within the Advanced Manned Missions Program
OffiCe.
The earth orbital programs of the United States have been and will
continue to be the foundation for exploring space. The specific goal
of the NASA study effort in manned earth orbital missions is to deter-
mine tlle best methods for advancing space exploration and exploita-
tion through basic and applied research in the space sciences and
engineering experimentation in earth orbit and for providing a
national capability for manned flight in earth orbit. In this connec-
tion, the three basic groups of experimental programs that were under
study during this period are biomedical research, space science
research, and engineering research and development. (See chap. 2
for further discussion of this subject.)
In the biomedical area, the focal points of study are weightlessness,
long confinement, potential environmental hazards, and the effects of
these factors on man's performance and physiological capability.
Typical areas in scientific research include astronomy, biology, geo-
physics, meteorology, and radiation phenomena. Engineering re-
search and development activities include studies of orbital launch
facilities, crew systems, extravehicular operations, propulsion, com-
munication systems, and structures and materials research.
All three areas will depend on the development of an operational,
multi-man Orbital Research Laboratory with a flight duration of as
long as several years. NASA was studying three promising ap-
proaches to this Orbital Research Laboratory : A system based on the
Apollo spacecraft; an Orbital Research Laboratory capable of sup-
porting four to eight men; a large laboratory with up to 24 men
(possibly made up of modules from the smaller laboratory). Logistics
problems and the employment of ferry vehicles based on Gemini and
Apollo were also being studied.
Adwlnced studies in the lunar area were concentrating on missions
and systems which could be used to conduct a significant scientific
exploration program on the lunar surface and prepare the way for
whatever level of lunar flight activity may prove desirable as a result
of the early Apollo landings. It is anticipated that early exploratory
activities will lead to extensive exploration followed by an exploitation
phase. Early extensions of Apollo capability may be obtained by
attaching "saddlebags" to the existing spacecraft (Lunar Excursion
• MAN-NED SPACE FLIGHT 61
SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATIONS
'%, IN SPACE
Geophysical Satellites
During the period, another in the Ranger series was launched; two
_ariner spacecraft were being readied for fly-bys of Mars; and a
contract was signed for the design of a lunar orbiter satellite.
Ranger
Surveyor
The Surveyor program is developing more highly sophisticated
spacecraft than Mariner or Ranger which can make soft landings on
the moon, advance scientific knowledge by conducting experiments
there, and provide engineering and mapping data in support of future
manned lunar landings.
During the report period Surveyor’s subsystems underwent rigorous
testing to reveal weaknesses in the spacecraft’s design and make it
possible t o correct them before flight testing. Early recognition and
solution of technical problems before assembly and flight tests of the
spacecraft resulted in significant Rrogress.
Lunar Orbiter
examine the moon's gravity field and space environment over an ex-
tended period of time. Five missions were authorized for the satel-
l i b t h e first scheduled for mid-1966.
--
I
Bioscience Programs
Biosatellites
Environmental Biology
Behavioral Biology
perform the same demanding tasks as was Enos. These findings show
promise of an increased understanding of the cardiovascular system. .
Exobiology
Planetary Quarantine
Physical Biology
During the first 6 months of 1964, NASA used the Scout, Delta,
Agena, and Atlas-Centaur medium launch vehicles to orbit space-
craft in its space science and applications programs.
Scout
Delta
Agena
Atlas-Centaur
APPLICATIONS
During the first 6 months of 1964, Relay II and Echo II became the
latest additions to NASA's communications satellite family joining
Telstar II, Syncom II, Relay I, and Echo I in providing data for
scientists, engineers, and others experimenting with these spacecraft.
In addition, substantial advances were made toward a worldwide com-
munications satellite network when the Communications Satellite
Corporation announced that it would soon proceed with an experi-
mental-operational system at synchronous altitude and offered its first
stock for sale.
Satellites and sounding rockets in NASA_s meteorological programs
provided meteorologists all over the globe with invaluable data for
research and for weather analysis and forecasting. The first experi-
mental Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) subsystem aboard
TIROS VIII supplied forecasters with photographs of local cloud
cover and the conventional TV camera carried by this latest in the
meteorological satellite series continued to transmit pictures of good
quality after over 6 months of operation.
Meteorological Programs
TIROS
During the first week of May 1964, TIROS VII (launched June 19,
1963) established a new record of performance in this highly success-
ful satellite series when it exceeded the 66,674 pictures (59,830 of them
meteorologically useful) taken by TIROS VI. The seventh TIROS
also continued to supply infrared radiation data of good quality. Its
instruments had already provided information on this type of radia-
tion for more than twice as long as that furnished by similar instru-
mentation aboard TIROS II, III, and IV.
On December 21, 1963, the eighth TIROS, carrying the first experi-
mental Automatic Picture Tr_msmission (APT) subsystem, was
orbited and began transmitting. This subsystem--described in detail
in the lOth Semiannual Report--was undergoing extensive qualifica-
tion tests aboard TIROS VIII prior to use aboard the polar-orbiting
Nimbus for which it was designed. APT will enable meteorologists
to use relatively simple and inexpensive ground equipment to receive
local cloud cover pictures as the satellite passes overhead instead of
POWER 20 WATTS
STABILIZATION SPIN
R, DESIGNLIFE 4 MONTHS
TRANSMITTING/I SPIN -UP'\- LAUNCHVEHICLEDELTA
ORBIT APOGEE470 MI.
ANTENN A_'_/l DESPIN ROCKET
PERIGEE
440 MI.
TELEVISION "MECHANISM
INCLINATION58.5°
CAMERA
STATUS TIROSVIII
LAUNCHED 21 DEC,1963
i I
ICTURE
L
Nimbus
above the earth. During the first, 6 months of 1964, the Agency r_-
quested industry to submit proposals for a study of a second generation
of these small sounding rockets which would eventually comprise an
inexpensive, self-sufficient rocket system suitable for routine use in
an operational network. The study, designed to define the general
characteristics of rockets of this type, would be based on flight tests
of the Arcas and Loki class rockets now in use.
The period also witnessed the flight of experiments aboard three
large meteorological (Nike-Cajun type) rockets--one carrying
acoustic grenades, another using a sodium-vapor trail, and a third
carrying a pitot-static tube. Twenty-one of these rockets were
launched to study such factors as geographical and seasonal variations
in the atmosphere and the cause of unusual temperatures and tempera-
ture variations in winter at about 40 miles above the globe. Launches
were made from Wallops Island, Va., Fort Churchill, Canada, and
Ascension Island in the South Atlantic.
became available during this report period. Although not yet com-
pletely evaluated, these test results have led the United States to
take the position that the 300-millisecond normal maximum round-trip
delay recommended by the Consultative Committee for Telephone and
Telegraph, International Telecommunications Union, is premature,
and that further understanding of the problem would result from
experience gained after the early operational system is established.
Passive CommunicationsSatellites
Navigation Satellites
The report period saw plans completed for the Agency's Advanced
Technological Satellites (ATS) Program and an Advanced Techno-
logical Satellite Flight Project established under the management of
Goddard Space Flight Center. (See also the lOth Sequianwual Re-
port_ ch. 3.) Using technology developed under Advanced Syncom_
the ATS Project would conduct research and development, and flight
test promising technology for numerous applications, particularly for
stationary orbit; investigate passive gravity-gradient stabilization
methods; and conduct flight experiments in several types of satellite
applications on each spacecraft.
Each Advanced Technological Satellite will be able to adapt itself
to various types of payloads and is being designed for a 3-year life-
time. Among experiments to be orbited on the spacecraft are ones in
communications_ meteorology_ and orbital environment. The first
flight of the ATS series is planned for 1966. It will be a carefully
instrumented experiment in gravity-gradient stabilization at an alti-
tude of 6_500 miles. Four flights are planned at synchronous altitudes_
two spin-stabilized in 1967 and two earth-oriented in 1968.
! ADVANCED
RESEARCH
AND
TECHNOLOGY
During this period, a study of the entire national space power sys-
tems research and development program was initiated under the aus-
pices of the Aeronautics and Astronautics Coordination Board.
NASA and the DOD, in cooperation with the AEC, reviewed all solar,
chemical, and nuclear research and technology efforts related to space
power systems to determine their adequacy, timeliness, and balance in
relation to anticipated needs. Industry and universities prepared
and reviewed a number of basic technical papers for the four panels
which analyzed the activities.
91
92 NASAELEVENTE SEMIANN_AL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Solar Cells
Thermionics
Solar Collectors
Advanced Concepts
Environmental Effects
Cryogenic Gyro
for guidance system operation, and may eventually use readily avail-
able cryogenic fuel for cooling.
During this period, laboratory research models were tested, and a
_oTro drift rate of about 5 ° per hour was achieved. Although this
performance was not competitive with other gyroscopes, the consist-
ency of the drift rate within 0.005 ° per hou.r of the 5 ° rate was out-
standing. Subsequent laboratory tests on u crygenically suspended
sphere (not a complete gyro instrument) resulted in a total drift of
4 ° after 3 days or a drift rate of 0.054 ° per hour. The program was
continuing with further research on materials and additional efforts
to eliminate development deficiencies.
Instrumentation
Data Processing
Aeronautics Research
Aerodynamics
Aircraft Structures
Air-Breathing Propulsion
Supersonic Transport
Figure 4-6. SCAT 17 model being prepared for wind tunnel tests.
SCAT 15F (fig. 4-7) has a larger wing area than the original SCAT
15 design, fixed sweep, and improvements in camber and twist. The
fuselage is long and slender, and engine nacelles are positioned 90 as
to give the most favorable interference effects. An SST design based
on this new concept should meet the minimum performance require-
ments s& forth in the Federal Aviation Agency’s August 1963 R F P
for bids on the design and development of a commercial supersonic
transport aircraft.
The research information embodied in the SCAT series was made
available to industry, military, and other Government agencies and
studied intensively as a part of the national supersonic transport pro-
totype development program managed by the Federal Aviation
Agency.
Hypersonic Aircraft
A performance and weight trade off study was made to define the
mission capability of large volume hypersonic transports (fig. 4-8)
propelled by hydrogen-fueled turboramjets in the Mach 4 to 8 range.
The results showed that this type of aircraft will be capable of sus-
tained flight to ranges approaching one-half the earth’s circumference.
At ranges in the neighborhood of 5,700 to 6,800 miles, 20 to 25 percent
of the gross takeoff weight will be available for payload and fuel re-
106 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Figure 4-9. Modified X-15-2 showing fuel tanks and new windshield.
ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 109
!
1
>1
“i.
a
1965 fiscal year. It could then be used to balance and coordinate NASA
and DOD research programs for that year.
HELMET
FACEPIECE_ HELMET
0
f
HIGH SUPPORTS
THIGH RESTRAINT
PELVIC SUIT
Human Research
Man-System Integration
axis) during the test. This effect disappeared shortly after the in-
dividual left the chamber.
The effect of vibration on the ability of pilots to control a high-
thrust booster vehicle was studied. It was found that the pilot's
ability to control the vehicle deteriorated rapidly at the higher levels
of vibration, but that acceleration was not a critical factor in the range
tested. The most important factor was the loss of visual perception
of the instrument displays.
In a study to determine the effects of one-sixth earth gravity on the
ability of astronauts to walk, jump, and climb, lunar gravity was
simulated by means of a canted walkway inclined 9.5 degrees from the
vertical, with the subject appropriately supported by cables at various
parts of the body (fig. 4-16). These locomotion activities were com-
pared for earth and lunar environments by using a split-screen
technique.
1--x z PLANE
CABLE SUPPORT
RESULTANT FORCE----_ x-z PLANE-
/
/
EARTH- Y
r_ EARTH
WEIGHT
cap pistol system, and the subliming solid control rocket. In addition,
nozzle materials were evaluated for ability to withstand the effects
of combustion, combustion oscillations and instability were investi-
gated, stop-restart capabilities for solid systems were studied, and
work progressed on detecting propellant voids and determining critical
void size.
then be mixed, transported to the case, and poured into place. Over
13/2 million pounds of fuel will be used in each motor, requiring several
weeks of continuous pouring. When the propellant has cured and
hardened, the motor will be prepared for firing, the nozzle attached,
and the test performed.
To determine the best potential applications for these motors in
Large space boosters, one of several projects investigated the combina-
tion of a single 260-inch diameter motor with the S-IV B hydrogen-
oxygen fuel stage now planned for Saturn vehicles. This combination,
which could place more than 50,000 pounds of payload in orbit, offers
the simplicity of a two-motor vehicle and the possibility of remarkable
reliability with little testing.
Supporting research and development, contracts were made with
industry and other Government agencies to investigate stage and
motor subsystems, components, and materials. Examples: develop-
ment of motor failure warning systems to give the astronauts time to
escape safely; studies of fabrication and inspection methods for the
unusual nickel alloy steel used in large motor cases; analyses of the
stresses in huge propellant charges during production and use of the
motors; and reliability analyses of motors, their components, and
clustered stages.
seal model tests of fuel pump hardware were initiated, and tube
bundles for two of the tube wall chambers were fabricated.
The fluorinated oxidizer program advanced in two areas of research.
Preparations were made to demonstrate that the Pratt and Whitney
15,000-pound-thrust RL-10 liquid oxygen-liquid hydrogen engine can
operate satisfactorily on the liquid fluorine-liquid hydrogen propellant
combination with only minimum changes to ensure compatibility with
the highly reactive fluorine. The other research effort was initiated to
investigate the feasibility of employing mixtures of liquid oxygen and
liquid fluorine as the oxidizer with fuels of the light petroleum gas
family, which can be liquified at temperatures approaching that of the
cryogenic oxidizer mixture. Such an arrangement would minimize
propellant storability problems during the long periods of exposure
to the space environment which will occur on future missions currently
under study.
To avoid development problems in auxiliary propulsion systems for
attitude control and maneuvering in space, efforts were initiated to
design a universal 100-pound-thrnst auxiliary engine which would not
be affected by the operational duty cycle or by installation (whether
mounted inside or outside the vehicle). Knowledge gained from the
Gemini and Apollo development program on the effects of the duty
cycle and installation parameters on the auxiliary engine design was
applied to this research.
Basic Research
Fluid Physics
Applied Mathematics
Materials Research
Electrophysics
PROPULSION
AND
POWER
GENERATION
ATORAGE
The KIWI project_ under the direction of the Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory (LASL), was marked by two major reactor experiments
during this report period. Both were tests of the LASL KIWI-B4D
reactor design which was engineered to overcome the damaging vibra-
tion problems experienced in the KIWI-B4A power tests in Novem-
ber of 1962. These problems were analyzed and verified through a
series of KIWI-B4A cold flow tests run in May of 1963.
Following the B4A tests_ a B4B cold flow reactor was tested (Au-
gust 1963) which included simple fixes simulating the redesigned fea-
tures that were to be incorporated in later KIWI and NERVA reac-
tors (including the KIWI-B4D) to prevent vibration. The cold
flow tests of the B4B design showed that these redesigned features
would eliminate the core vibration problem, at least under cold flow
conditions. The exact redesign was then checked through KIWI-
B4D cold flow reactor tests on February 13_ 1964. Analyses of the
data stemming from these tests and the subsequent examinations in-
dicated that the core support structure performed as predicted and
that no vibration occurred.
The second experiment was performed on a KIWI-B4D power
reactor (April-May 1964). The primary objectives of this test series
were to investigate the structural integrity and dynamic stability of
the B4D design under design flow rate; and to measure by means of
t_t instrumentation and post mortem examination the thermal_ flow_
and neutronic performance for comparison with design predictions.
A secondary objective was to obtain information on the effects of
operating time with the environmental conditions on the overall test
system, including reactor, nozzle feed system_ and plumbing. In
addition_ the tests were designed to provide information on reactor
cooldown, using liquid hydrogen, and automatic reactor startup from
source power; and to give critical pressure measurements throughout
the system.
It had been intended during the KIWI-B4D test to start the reactor
automatically, program the power to approximately one-third of the
planned power plateau, hold at those conditions to check and calibrate
instrumentation, program the power to the planned power plateau and
hold for the planned test duration, and program a reduction in power.
The planned operating conditions of the run were established consider-
ing much previously available data.
All planned conditions were met or exceeded with one exception:
the operating time at the power plateau was slightly more than 1
minute rather than the duration planned. This reduction in oper-
755-266 O - 64 - 10
132 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
inary design work. The general range of the required fuel loadings
was determined, and the effect of substituting various materials in key
components was established. Experiments to determine necessary
reflector control span were underway.
In addition to the grapMte work, Lewis Research Center conducted
exploratory investigations on a water-moderated tungsten reactor and
the Argonne National Laboratory, on a fast (unmoderated) reactor.
The major emphasis was on determining the capabilities of tungsten
uranium-dioxide (U02) fuel. A number of interesting fine structure
fuel shapes were fabricated for evaluation.
In the nonreactor component development area, a cold flow engine
simulation test stand (the B-1 stand) went into operation in March.
Transient startup tests were run, using gaseous and liquid hydrogen
to give data on the behavior of fluids and on engine components during
the critical start period. This stand also simulates vacuum start for
the nuclear rocket, a capability that will not be available anywhere
else for several years.
Vehicle Technology Development.--In anticipation of the ultimate
use of nuclear rocket propulsion, NASA had already studied many of
the practical problems of nuclear space vehicles (size_ trajectories,
engine-vehicle integration, launch operations, flight safety, tank pres-
surization, attitude control, and facility requirements). Further
studies were currently underway in the areas of cryogenic flow and
handling problems, propellant heating from nuclear radiation, light-
weight space vehicle structures, internal insulation, and radiation
effects on critical vehicle materials and stage subsystem components.
Flight Safety.--Studies to date indicate that nuclear rockets can be
used safely under normal operating conditions or under nonnormal
conditions when protected by the use of appropriate countermeasures.
Detailed work was continuing to make certain that these counter-
measures would be reliable and would not detrimentally affect the
reliability or basic operation of the nuclear rocket system.
Facilities
The brick and mortar work and process piping for Engine Test Stand
No. 1 were completed. The design of the instrumentation and con-
trol system also was essentially completed and in the procurement
stage. The design concept for the exhaust duct was established and
the detailed design work was in progress.
The Phase I construction of the E-MAD facility, including the
assembly and the shielded disassembly bays, was expected to be com-
pleted by September 1964. The construction of the E-MAD hot cells,
Phase 11, was expected to be completed by December 1964.
Construction of the Administration and Engineering Building was
to be completed by July 1964.
AND
DATA
ACQUISITION
During the first half of 1964, the NASA tracking networks con-
tinued to provide excellent support in tracking_ telemetry_ command
and data processing for the NASA and DOD programs_ including
such key missions as the first Gemini unmanned launch, Saturns SA-5
and SA-6, and the Ranger VI. In addition, the Satellite Network
supported 17 NASA and 6 DOD satellites.
The program of updating the capability of the networks progressed
as scheduled with the installation and checkout of new facilities and
equipment. Of major significance was the addition of two 40-foot
antennas to the Satellite Network, thereby increasing markedly the
data coverage and handling capability in support of the future satel-
lite missions.
The Manned Space Flight Network and the Deep Space Network
continued to expand facilities to meet requirements for the manned
Gemini missions and for the Mariner and Surveyor missions.
Satellite Network
The electronic ground stations track, determine the status of, acquire
data from, and command the various data functions of satellites.
Each is equipped with a communication system for transmitting in-
formation to the network operations facilities at the Goddard Space
Flight Center. Stations in this network are at Blossom Point, Md. ;
Fort Myers, Fla. ; Quito, Ecuador; Lima, Peru; Santiago, Chile;
Woomera, Australia ; Johannesburg, South Africa ; Goldstone, Calif. ;
St. Johns, Newfoundland; East Grand Forks, Minn.; Winkfield,
England ; Rosman, N.C. ; and Fairbanks, Alaska.
During the period covered by this report, increased data acquisition
and handling capabilities were added by the completion of medium-
gain antenna installations (40-foot parabolic dishes) at Quito, Ecuador
and Johannesburg, South Africa. The Quito and Johannesburg in-
stallations were completed in May 1964.
These 40-foot antennas, in conjunction with the 85-foot antennas at
Fairbanks, Alaska, and Rosman, 1_.C., now provide the Satellite Net-
work with the necessary increased capability to handle the first launch-
ings of the Observatory class satellites---the Eccentric Geophysical Ob-
servatory (EGO) and the complex weather satellite Nimbus. These
satellites and other large and complex spacecraft, such as the Orbiting
Astronomical Observatory (OAO) and the Polar Orbiting Geo-
physical Observatory (POGO), will carry more experiments to greater
distances. They are expected to provide a vast increase in the amount
of data gathered, compared with satellites launched to date.
All of these stations will be used for acquiring data from the EGO.
Since the EGO will have a highly eccentric orbit, with apogee in the
northern hemisphere, the Fairbanks and Rosman 85-foot antenna
stations should provide nearly perfect data recovery when the satellite
is at apogee. The 40-foot antenna station at Johannesburg is expected
to assure realtime data recovery at perigee.
The Fairbanks station, equipped for full data recovery of the Nimbus
satellite, should obtain data for approximately 70 percent of the total
orbits per day. Additional orbits will be covered by the Rosman, N.C.,
station.
Directly associated with the Satellite Network is the data-processing
function that converts the transmitted telemetry output from the
satellite to data in a form usable by the scientific experimenters. This
function involves a number of operations, starting at the time the
satellite system detects a bit of scientific information and ending when
the information is in the hands of the user. The data-processing
operation is designed to share available data handling equipment
among the maximum number of satellites and the largest possible
number of experiments.
TRACKING AND DATA ACQUISITION 137
provided excellent support for this mission and was being readied for
the second Gemini flight.
The Centaur AC-3 flight and Fire I were also supported during
this period. Centaur AC-3 was launched to demonstrate the struc-
tural integrity of the vehicle, evaluate the second stage propulsion
system, evaluate the vehicle design, and evaluate the guidance system's
inertial measuring unit. Fire I was launched to investigate the heat-
ing environment encountered by a body reentering the earth's at-
mosphere at 25,000 miles per hour.
Planning and development of the tracking and data acquisition
requirements for the Apollo program continued throughout this
period. New and advanced electronic systems were being procured.
The Manned Space Flight Network is to be augmented with an-
tennas, command, telemetry, and communication systems which were
in the scheduling stage. (This plan also includes instrumented ships
to provide coverage not attainable from land stations.)
INTERNATIONAL
PROGRAMS
France
NASA and the French National Center for Space Studies (CNES)
agreed in March that sounding rocket experiments at Wallops Island
in October 1963 had demonstrated the feasibility of the French pro-
posal to conduct satellite investigations of VLF characteristics above
100 kilometers. This confirmed the preliminary NASA-CNES agree-
ment (of February 1963) to launch a French VLF satellite on a NASA
Scout vehicle by early 1966. CNES assumed responsibility for design,
instrumentation, fabrication, and testing of the spacecraft and for
data reduction. NASA assumed responsibility for launching the
spacecraft and for satellite tracking and data acquisition.
On April 11 and 13, at the invitation of CNES, instrumentation
prepared by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center was launched in
conjunction with CNES sodium release canisters from the French
launching site in Hammaguir, Algeria, on French "Dragon" sounding
rockets. This marked the first launching of NASA instrumentation
on a foreign vehicle in a cooperative experiment.
India
Italy
Norway-Denmark
Pakistan
Sweden
United Kingdom
U.S.S.R.
The first series of joint tests with the Soviet Academy of Sciences of
long-distance telecommunications via NASA's passive communication
satellite Echo II took place between February 21 and March 9. These
transmissions from the Jodrell Bank Observatory in England to the
Zimenki Observatory in the U.S.S.R. represented the first specific
performance under the terms of the Bilateral Space Agreement of 1962.
Operations Support
Australia
Canada
Nigeria
operation of the station until June 30_ 1966. It also makes the station
available for support of unmanned as well as manned satellite pro-
grams.
Philippines
Spain
Zanzibar
During the first half of 1964, over 1,900 foreign nationals from 60
countries visited NASA facilities for scientific and technical discus-
sions or general orientation. Visitors included representatives of space
programs in Brazil, France, Italy, Pakistan, and United Kingdom, as
well as representatives of the European Space Research Organization
(ESRO) and the European Launcher Development Organization
(ELDO).
In this report period, 33 graduate students from 11 countries studied
space sciences at 16 American universities under the NASA Interna-
tional University Fellowship Program. This program is administered
by the National Academy of Sciences. Also in this period, 49 post-
doctoral and senior postdoctoral associates from 19 countries per-
formed research at NASA centers, including Jet Propulsion Labora-
tory. This program also is administered by the National Academy
of Sciences (with JPL administering its own program) and is open
to United States nationals also.
During this period, 48 technicians from 3 countries and ESRO, here
at their own expense, received training in space technology at God-
dard Space Flight Center, Langley Research Center,. and Wallops
Station in connection with agreed cooperative projects.
755-266 0 - 64 - ii
GRANTS AND
RESEARCH
CONTRACTS
ACTIVITIES
II
NASA sponsors a wide variety of research in space-related science
an dtechnology by universities and nonprofit organizations. This
research, including both specific projects and broad multidisciplinary
programs, ranges from basic investigations to technological applica-
tions. The Agency relies heavily on the university community for
fundamental research in support of space flight endeavors, and many
of the scientific and technological advances recorded in this report were
made possible through NASA-sponsored university research.
Research in space science and technology is sponsored selectively by
the Agency in response to unsolicited proposals. Although these pro-
posals may receive support from any NASA program office having"
a scientific interest and available funds, NASA's Office of Grants and
Research Contracts is the focal point for receiving, handling, and dis-
tributing them, and for issuing the resultant grants and research con-
tracts. (Summary of these may be found in appendix M.) In addi-
tion, this office has programing responsibility for the Sustaining Uni-
versity Program.
149
150 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Training
59 376 32 326
8 77
GRANTS AND RESEARCH CONTRACTS ACTIV_IES 151
Research Facilities
sion of the facilities grant that no charge will be made to any agency
of the United States respecting the use thereof in connection with any
Government-sponsored research.
Research
AND
EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAMS
Educational Conferences
During the report period the Agency cooperated with the U.S. Office
of Education in sponsoring two national conferences. One was held
for State directors of guidance at Langley Research Center, April
13-16; another for State supervisors of science, spacemobile lecturer-
demonstrators, and the Subcommittee on Institutes and Conferences,
Cooperative Committee on the Teaching of Science and Mathematics,
American Association for the Advancement of Sciences at NASA's
Western Operations Office, Santa Monica, Calif., May 31-June 5.
One objective of the guidance meetings was to acquaint NASA with
what vocational guidance directors consider might be done to keep
elementary and secondary school guidance specialists fully informed
about the many and varied job opportunities opening up to young
people as the result of the Nation's expanding space program. The
California conference had among its purposes providing the Agency
with an understanding of how schools could be helped in introducing
the space sciences into their curricula.
Both conferences sought to give participants an opportunity to
increase their knowledge of recent aerospace developments and thereby
update their programs.
Materiols of Instruction
Adult Education
Youth Programs
NASA for the fourth consecutive year took part in a National Sci-
ence Fair--International designed to foster scientific interests in sec-
162 NASA ELEVENTH SF_IIANN_AL REPORT TO CONGRES_
$pacemobiles
During the first 6 months of 1964 NASA released several new pub-
lications, issued updated editions of previously published ones, and
reprinted a number of articles from periodicals--all supplied to the
requester without charge. In addition, the Agency made substantial
INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS 163
Exhibits
During the first 6 months of 1964 NASA's 384 exhibits here and
abroad portrayed the accomplishments of the Nation's space program
for over 6 million people. The principal exhibit of the period was the
outdoor U.S. Space Park at the New York World's Fair. Jointly
sponsored by the Agency and the Defense Department, with the finan-
cial support of the New York World's Fair Corp., the 2-acre park
opened on April 22 with the most outstanding collection of full-scale
rockets and spacecraft ever assembled outside of Cape Kennedy.
755-266 0 - 64 -12
164
I-
NASA ELEVENTH
-*- -
SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
r
f
m
INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS 165
Highlighting the exhibit (fig. 9-1) are full-scale models of the a f t
* end of the Saturn V rocket of Project Apollo, which will send Ameri-
can astronauts to the moon, and Astronaut Carpenter’s Project
Mercury spacecraft. Towering over the park is a Titan 11-Gemini
launch vehicle and its two-man spacecraft. Among other full-scale
exhibits are the Apollo command and service modules, the lunar excur-
sion module, Atlas-Mercury and Thor-Delta rockets, an X-15 rocket-
powered research aircraft, the Agena rocket, and models of
geophysical, communications, and meteorological satellites. (Ex-
hibits are updated to reflect the latest successful launches.)
Figure 9-2. NASA exhibits a t 4th Annual Conference on Peaceful Uses of Space,
Boston, Mass.
166 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
The first 6 months of 1964 saw NASA expand its scientific and
technical information activities and services to match a rising flow
of research results and to meet its immediate program needs, all with-
out proportional cost increases. As summarized by the following
highlights of this report period_ these increasing requirements for in-
INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRA_ 167
ContinuingBibliographies
Technical Publications
Historical Program
IC) MANAGEMENT,
PROCUREMENT,
AND
SUPPORT
FUNCTIONS
Personnel
Employee-Management Cooperation
tween the Washington Area Metal Trades Council and the Goddard
Space Flight Center to develop a collective agreement on personnel
policies and practices within the Goddard_s Wage Board bargaining
unit.
The advisory arbitration decision of the appropriate unit question
at the Marshall Space Flight Center was rendered. The machinists _
craft unit_ proposed by the International Association of Machinists_
was found to be inappropriate; however_ the installationwide unit
supported by management and the American Federation of Govern-
ment Employees was found appropriate.
New bids for exclusive representation by employee organization
locals were either presented or under discussion at three NASA
installations--Lewis_ Marshall_ and Kennedy.
Walter L. Lingle resigned May 15, 1964, from the position of Deputy
Associate Administrator in which he had served from November 1,
1963. He had come to NASA June 25, 1962_ and had served as Special
Assistant to the Administrator, and as Assistant Administrator for
Management Development (and) Deputy Associate Administrator for
Industry Affairs.
ments during the X-15 flight research program, from the first flight
on June 8, 1959, to the one hundredth flight on January 28, 1964.
(Recipients included personnel of the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy.)
This award was also presented to the Automatic Data Processing
Branch, Administrative Services Division, Office of Administration,
for its efforts in developing, installing, and administering the auto-
matic data processing operations that collect and report data on finan-
cial management and procurement in the field and at Headquarters.
During the reporting period, the Board recommended that the peti-
tions for 37 waivers be grunted and that 4 be denied. During this
period the Administrator of NASA granted 41 waivers and denied 10.
(A list of waivers granted and denied is included in app. F.)
ContributionsAwards
Under the provisions of the Space Act (1958), the Board evaluates
scientific and technical contributions and recommends to the Adminis-
trator the amounts and terms of the awards to be made for any found
to have significant value in the conduct of aeronautical and space
activities. During this period, the Board received 1,497 communica-
tions and evaluated 731 contributions. From such evaluations, the
Agency granted three awards, as indicated in appendix G.
Invention Awards
Organizational Improvements
Financial Management
[In thousands]
Appropriations
Research and development : 1965 estimates
Gemini ....................................................... $308, 400
Apollo ....................................................... 2, 677, 500
Advanced missions ........................................... 26, 000
Geophysics and astronomy .................................... 190, 200
Lunar and planetary exploration .............................. 300, 400
Sustaining university program ................................ 46, 000
Launch vehicle development ................................... 128, 200
Bioscience .................................................... 31,000
Meteorological satellites ...................................... 37, 500
Communication satellites ...................................... 12, 600
Advanced technological satellites .............................. 31, 000
Basic research ............................................... 21,000
Space vehicle systems ........................................ 38, 800
Electronic systems ............................................ 28, 400
Human factor systems ........................................ 16, 200
Nuclear-electric systems ...................................... 48, 100
Nuclear rockets .............................................. 58, 000
Chemical propulsion .......................................... 59, 800
Space power ................................................. 13, 000
Aeronautics .................................................. 37, 000
Tracking and data acquisition ................................ 267, 900
Technology utilization ........................................ 5, 000
Table 2 shows funds obligated and disbursed during fiscal year 1964.
Appended is a summary by appropriation showing current availabil-
ity, obligations against this availability, and unobligated balances
as of June 30.
[In thousands]
Appropriations
DisbuA-se_
Research and development : Ob_igat_ms ntertts
Gemini ........................................... $419, 231 $315, 535
Completed missions ............................... *--80 16, 662
Apollo ........................................... 2, 224, 965 1, 856, 693
Advanced missions ............................... 13, 927 8, 493
Launch vehicle development ...................... 123, 257 125, 131
Lunar and planetary exploration .................. 199, 664 193, 394
Geophysics and astronomy ........................ 129, 820 101, 376
Manned space science ............................ 2, 260 968
Bioscience ........................................ 21,100 12, 013
Unmanned vehicle procurement ................... 112, 753 121, 206
Meteorological satellites .......................... 57, 485 56, 936
Communications satellites ......................... 15, 528 21, 688
Advanced applications satellites ................... 248 503
Advanced technological satellites .................. 10, 754 1,392
Nuclear-electric systems .......................... 42, 588 42, 193
Nuclear rockets .................................. 78, 669 68, 761
Space power ..................................... 12, 536 8, 182
Space vehicle systems ............................ 42, 740 38, 891
Electronic systems ................................ 24, 698 16, 610
Human factor systems ........................... 11, 425 9, 016
Chemical propulsion .............................. 46, 360 56, 238
Research program ................................ 21, 151 17, 918
Aeronautics ....................................... 17, 038 13, 595
Tracking and data acquisition ..................... 148, 780 121, 142
Facility, training and research grants ............. 35, 924 12, 192
Technology utilization ............................ 3, 192 1, 377
Operations ....................................... 8, 394 79, 748
Reimbursable ..................................... 51, 664 59, 594
[ In thousands ]
Appropriations summary
Cost Reduction
Incentive Contractin9
Effective March 12, 1964, the dollar level established for individual
contracts requiring headquarters approval was raised appreciably for
nine installations because of variation in size, function, and procure-
ment staffs of the installations. The highest dollar level was raised
from $1 million to $2,500,000, and this applies to six NASA installa-
tions. The lowest level is now $200,000, applying to one installation.
The revised dollar levels indicate confidence on the part of headquar-
ters that the field installations, through their own experience and
headquarters guidance, are increasingly able to handle large and
complex procurements.
This new regulation was issued to set forth NASA policy with
respect to the use of contracts for nonpersonal services and the prin-
ciples and requirements to be followed by all NASA installations.
This regulation does not apply to contracts for personal services or to
the hiring of consultants and experts.
Labor Regulations
This new regulation was developed to set forth the policy, responsi-
bility, and requirements for contract provisions relating to NASA's
safety and health program.
PERSONNEL, MANAGEMENT, PROCUREMENT, SUPPORT FUNCTIONS ]87
Technology Utilization
(Vacant) Chairman
Vice President o/ the United States
DuN RUSK
Secretary o/ State
ROBERT S. McNA_AaA
Secretary of De/ense
Executive Secretary
EDWARD C. WELSH
193
Appendix C
Ames Research Center; YO 8-9411........ Dr. Smith J. DcFrance, Director_ _ Moffett Field, CaliL
Flight Research Center; 258-3311........ Mr. Paul Bikle, Director .......... Post Office Box 273, Ed-
wards, Calif.
Goddard Space Flight Center; 474-9000_ Dr. H. J. Goett, Director ......... Greenbelt, Md.
Goddard Institute for Space Studies; Dr. Robert $astrow, Director ..... 475 Riverside Dr., New
UN 6-36O0. York 27, N.Y.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory; SY 0-6811___ Dr. W. H. Plckering, Director .... 4800 Oak Grove Dr.,
Pasadena 3, Calif.
John F. Kennedy Space Center; UL 3- Dr. Kurt Debus, Director ......... Cocoa Beach, Fla.
6998.
Lewis Research Center; 433-4000 ......... Dr. Abe Silveretein, Director ..... 21000 Brookpark Rd.,
Cleveland 35, Ohio.
Manned Spacecraft Center; WA 8-2811__ Dr. R. R. Gilrnth, Director ....... Houston 1, Tex.
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center; Dr. Wernher von Braun, Director_. Huntsville, Ala.
877-1000.
Michoud Operations; 521-3311 ........... Mr. George Constan, Manager .... Post Office Box 26078, New
Orleans 26, La.
Mississippi Test Operations; 467-5466 .... Mr. William C. Fortune, Man. Bay St. Louis, Miss.
ager.
North Eastern Office; 491-1500 ........... Mr. F. W. Phillips, Director ...... 30 Memorial Dr., Cam-
bridge 42, Mass.
Pacific Launch Operations Office; RE Mr. William H. Evans, Director__ Post Office Box 425, Lom-
4--4311. poc, Calif.
Plum Brook Station; MA 5-1123 ........ Mr. Alan D. Johnson, Director_ _. Sandusky, Obio.
Wallops Station; VA 4-3411 .............. Mr. Robert Krieger, Director ..... Wallops Island, Va.
Western Operations Office; EX 3-9641__ Mr. R. W. Kamm, Director ...... 150 Pico Blvd., Santa
Mouic_, Calif.
194
Appendix D
195
755-266 O - 64 -14
Appendix E
196
Appendix F
Magnetic-Flux Pump ..................... Califorma Institute of Technology___ Granted San. 13, 1964.
Magnetic-Field-Trapping Device ............... do ............................... Do.
Magnetic-Flux Pump .......................... do ............................... Do.
Continuous Magnetic-Flux Pump .............. do ............................... Do.
Cryogenic Flow Meter Calibrator ......... North American Aviation, Ine ...... Denial Jan. 20, 1964.
International Business Machines, Granted Jan. 20, 1964.
Arithmetic Divider Circuit ................ Corp.
Solid State Camera Apparatus and System. ] Electro-Radiation, Ine .............. Do.
Radiant Heat Attenuator ................. [ North American Aviation, Ine ...... Denial Jan. 24, 1964.
Paraglider Deployment .................... i ..... do ............................... Denial Jan. 30, 1964.
Ferroelectric Bolometer .................... ] Ingras et al of Harvard College ...... Granted Feb. 3, 1_4.
Keyed Connector for Plugs and Sockets .... I McDonnell Aircraft Corporation .... Do.
At Assembly Tube Cleaning Tool .............. do ............................... Do.
At Assembly Tube Cut Off Tool ............... do ............................... Do.
Tube End Deburring Tool ..................... do ............................... Do.
Two-Way Solenoid Valve ................. North American Aviation, Ine ...... Granted Feb. 5, 1964.
Swash-Plate Gimbal Bearing ................... do ............................... Do.
High Speed Differential Sampler and Am- International Business Machines, Granted Feb. 7, 1964.
plifler. Corp.
Microwave Frequency Doubler ........... Hughes Aircraft Co ................. Do.
Fastener-Honeycomb Non-Crush Installa- North American Aviation, Inc ...... Do.
tion.
Airborne Sampled Data Reduction ........ International Business Machines, Granted Feb. 14, 1964.
Corp.
Temperature Transducer .................. Ball Brothers Research Corp ........ Do.
Porous Body with Imperviously Sealed Knilte Tungsten Co ................. Do.
Outer Surface and Method of Making
Same.
Analog-to-Digital Converter ............... Californis Institute of Technology... Granted Feb. 20, _g64.
Selsmometer ............................... ..... do ............................... Do.
Pressure Responsive Ring Valve .......... North American Aviation, Inc ...... Denikl Feb. 20,1964.
Improved Ionization Vacuum Gage ....... CaUfomia Institute of Technology... Denial Mar. 2, 1964.
Hypergollc Pressurization System ......... North American Aviation, Ine ...... Do.
Composition of Matter and Method of Space Technology Laboratories, Granted Mar. 2, 1964.
Making Same. Inc.
Transient-Free Phase-Leck Loop Band- .... do ............................... Denial Mar. 9, 1964.
width Switching.
An Adapter Filter for a Phase Lock Loop ...... do ............................... Do.
Solar Cell Mounting ............................ do ............................... Denial Mar. 12, 1964.
Low Pressure Relief Valve ................ North American Aviation, Ine ...... Granted Mar. 12, 1964.
Ion Gage .................................. Hughes Aircraft Co ................. Granted Mar. 13, 1964.
Dual-Wound Helix ........................ Space Technology Laboratories, Do.
Inc.
197
w
Film Reader .............................. C htcago Aerial Industries ........... Granted Apr. 13, 1964:.
Developer-Processor ............................. do ............................... Do.
Improvements in Laminated Magnetic Radio Corp. of America ............. Granted Apr. 20, 1964.
Memories for use with Integrated Semi-
conductor Circuit Systems.
Determination of Composition of Liquid North American Aviation, Inc ...... Granted May 6, 1964.
Hydrogen.
Fecal Canister Assembly and Fecal Collec- ..... do ............................... Do.
tion Bag.
Exhaust Gas Cooled Nozzle Extension .... ..... do ............................... Denial May 11, 1964.
Wet Wall Insulation for Cryogenic Fluids_ Douglas Aircraft Corp .............. Granted May 11, 1964.
Drill ...................................... ..... do ............................... Granted May 12, 1964.
Method of IIeat Treating Age Hardenable North American Aviation, Inc ...... Do.
Alloys.
Ceramic-to-Metal Seal ..................... Eitel-McCullough, Inc .............. Granted May 22, 1964.
Method for the Preparation of Inorganic Monsanto Chemical Co ............. Do.
Spin adjusting mechanism ......... Robert C. Baumann and Leopold Goddard Space FLight Center.
Winkler.
Tra]ectory-correctlon propulsion William W. Smith ................ Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Cali-
system. fornia Institute of Technology).
Bruce W. Schmltz ................ Rocket Research Corp.
Solar cell for radiation environ- William R. Cherry ................ Goddard Space Flight Center.
ment Joseph Mandelkorn ............... Lewis Research Center.
Externally Pressurized Fluid Bear- Emmett L. Martz ................ Marshall Space Flight Center.
ing.
Heat Shield ....................... Richard B. Erb and Kenneth C. Manned Spacecraft Center.
Weston.
Wide Range Linear Fluxgate James P. Heppner and Harold R. Goddard Space Flight Center.
Magnetometer Boroson.
Self-Calibrating Displacement Royce L. McKlnney .............. Langley Research Center.
Transducer.
Bt-Carrier Demodulation with James R. Currie .................. Marshall Space Flight Center.
Modulation Separation.
Reduced Gravity Simulator ....... Donald E. Hcwcs and Amos A. Langley Research Center.
Spady, Jr.
Electrocardiogram (EKG) Simu- Gary J. Woods .................... Manned Spacecraft Center.
lator.
Automatic Spacing Control Sys- Herschel M. Nance ............... Marshall Space Flight Center.
tern.
Method and Apparatus for Mak- Warren J. Price ................... Langley Research Center.
ing Two-Sided Printed Circuit
Boards.
Continuously Indicating Calo- Robert D. Ross ................... Langley Research Center.
rimeter.
Pressure Balance .................. Albert Schuler .................... Marshall Space Flight Center.
High-Efficiency Mnitivibrator_ .... Robert M. Munos ................ Ames Research Center.
Mtnimum-Induced-Drng Airfoil Clarence D. Cone, Jr .............. Langley Research Center.
Body.
199
200 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL RE,PORT TO CONGRE,SS
Normal Shock Positioning Appa- George Vasu ...................... Lewis Research Center.
ratus.
Practical Hot Wire Liquid Level William A. Oisen ................. Lewis Research Center.
Detector for Cryogenic Fluids.
Foldable Conduit ................. Laurence W. Gertsma and James Lewis Research Center.
H. Dunn.
Highly Flexible Cellular Structure. Robert J. Carmody ............... Marshall Space Flight Center.
Bilateral Energy Transfer System_ Klaus Juergeusen ................. Marshall Space Flight Center.
Force Measuring Instrument ...... Lester Katz and Jack J. Nichols__ Marshall Space Flight Center.
Metallic Film Lubricant .......... Donald H. Buckley and Robert Lewis Research Center.
L. Johnson
Thin Window, Drifted Silicon, Theodore E. Fessler, John S. Vin- Lewis Research Center.
Charged Particle Detector. cent, and Albert B. Smith.
Annular Rocket Motor ............ James F. Conners ................. Lewis Research Center.
Apparatus for Absorbing and Robert Y. Wong, William J. Lewis Research Center.
Measuring Power. Nusbaum, and Donald E.
Hole.ski.
Self-Latching Handle .............. Benjamin M. Saunders .......... Marshall Space Flight Center.
Test Unit Free-Flight Suspension Wilmer H. Reed, III .............. Langley Research Center.
System.
Dynamic Precession Damper for Howell D. Garner and Henry J. Langley Research Center.
Spin-Stabilized Vehicles. E. Reid, Jr.
Gas Actuated Bolt Disconnect .... William H. Kiuard ............... Langley Research Center.
Electro-Thermal Rockets Having Paul F. Brinich and John R. Jack.. Lewis Research Center.
Improved Heat Exchangers.
Manned Space Vehicle Configu- Alan B. Kehlet, Dennis F. Haseon. Langley Research Center/God-
ration. and William W. Petynia. dard Space Flight Center.
Separator .................... Franklin W. Booth ............... Langley Research Center.
Non-Magnetic Battery Case ....... Thomas Hennigan ................ Goddard Space Flight Center.
Heat Curing of Thermosetting Robert J. Carmody ............... Marshall Space Flight Center.
Plastic Film Adhesive.
Black-Body Furnace ............. J. Robert Branstetter and Allen Lewis Research Center.
J. Met zler.
Aircraft Whecl Spray Drag Alle- Walter B. Horne .................. Langley Research Center.
viator.
Impurity-Type S e m i - Conductor Jackson C. Horton and Harry M. Marshall Space Flight Center.
Electrical Contacts. King.
Prevention of Pressure Build-Up Thomas J. Hennigan, Paul C. Goddard Space Flight Center.
in Electrocliemlcal Cells. Donnelly, and Charles F. Pal-
andati, Jr.
Unfired-Ceramic Flame-Resistant Vanghn F. Seitzinger ............ Marshall Space Flight Center.
Insulation.
Apparatus and Low Viscosity Solomon S. Pape]l ................ Lewis Research Center.
Magnetic Fluid Obtained by
the Colloidal Suspension of
Magnetic Particles.
Electrc6tatic Ion Engine Having Paul D. Reader and Harold R. Lewis Research Center.
Permanent Magnetic Circuit. Kaufman.
Gas Analyzer for Bi-Gaseous Mix- Leonard T. Melfl, Jr., George M. Langley Research Center.
ture_ Wood, Jr., Paul R. Yeager.
Frequency Converter Re-Entrant Walter K. Allen ................... Geddard Space Flight Center.
Amplifier.
Vehicle Flexible Wing Configu- Francis M. Rogallo .............. Langley Research Center.
rations.
instrument for Use in Performing Maxwell M. Lippitt, Jr., and John Manned Spacecraft Center.
a Controlled Val_alva Maneuver. tI. Reed, Jr.
Tape Cartridge .................... Kenneth W. Stark, and William Goddard Space Flight Center.
A. Burton.
APPENDIX G 201
Tape Transport Mechanism ....... Kenneth W. Stark ................ Goddard Space Flight Center.
Injector Assembly for Liquid WiliiamJ. D. Escher .............. Marshall Space Flight Center.
Fueled Rocket EngineS.
Lunar Penetrometer ............... George W. Brooks, John L. Me- Langley Research Center.
Catty, and Alfred G. Beswick.
Reinforced Metallic Composite David L. McDanels, Robert W. Lewis Research Center.
Material. Jech, John W. Wecton, and
Donald W. Petrasek.
Gas Lubricant Compositions ...... Donald H. Buckley and Robert L. Lewis Research Center.
Johnson.
A Densitometer ................... Charles E. Miller and Robert B. Lewis Research Center.
Jacobs.
Multiple Ionization Gage Con- Robert C. Finke .................. Lewis Research Center.
trol SYstem.
Liquid Storage Tank Venting De- Solomon S. Papeli and Robert W. Lewis Research Center.
The following Educational Publications are available to the public upon request
without charge, from the Division of Educational Programs and Services, Edu-
cational Publications Distribution Cen'ter, AFEE-1, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, Washington, D.C., 20546.
1. Advanced Research--Key to the Future.--A description for educators and
the general public of NASA's fundamental research programs.
2. NASA Facts--TIROS.--A nontechnical description of the TIROS weather
sa_tellite system.
3. TIROS Picture Set.--A compilation of photographs from the TIROS
program.
4. NASA Photography from Five Years ol Space.--A compilation of outstand-
ing photographs of NASA's space activities.
5. NASA I_stallations.--A booklet describing NASA facilities throughout the
Na'tion.
6. Teaching to Meet the Challenge ol the Space Age.--A handbook of aerospace
education for elementary school teachers.
7. What Makes a Rocket Go?--A teacher's film guide for use with the motion
picture of the same title.
Reprints from periodicals include :
1. Why Land on the Moon?--by Dr. Homer E. Newell, Associate Adminis-
trator for Space Science and Applications, NASA, and Dr. Robert Jastrow, Di-
rector of NASA's G_dard Institute for Space Studies, from "Atlantic Monthly."
2. Footprints on the Moon.--by Dr. Hugh L. Dryden, NASA Deputy Adminis-
trator, from "National Geographic Magazine."
3. Economic Impact ol the Space Program._by James E. _Vebb, NASA Ad-
ministrator, from "Business Horizons."
4. Forty Miles ol Inlormation Every Day 1rom Space.--by Lawrence Lessing.
Discusses new information about space and the earth gained since the opening
ofthe space age and some future plans for space exploration ; from "Fortune."
5. "Aerospace," September-October 1963 issue, by the Aerospace Industries
Association of America, Inc. The issue features NASA activities.
Updated editions of previously issued publicaq;ions include :
1. NASA Facts--Project Syncom.
2. X-15 Research at the Edge ol Space.
3. Space--The New Frontier.
4. Manned Space Flight Team.
5. Historical Origins of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
6. Educational Publications.
202
AFFENDrX H 203
The following motion pictures when released will be available _o the public
upon request without charge, other than return mailing and insurance costs,
from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Educational
Programs and _Services, Educational Audio-Visual Branch, Washington, D.C.,
20546. Films presently available are listed in a brochure supplied from the
above address. These three motion pictures were in final production stages:
• "Electric Propulsion."
• "The World Was There" (NASA-news media cooperation).
• "The Shape of Things to Come" (NASA advanced research).
The following motion pictures were in the early stages of planning or
production :
• "NASA's Technology Utilization Program."
• "Historical Origins of NASA."
• "The Biosatellite Program."
• "The Development of the X-15."
• "Space Navigation."
• "Adventures in Research." (Group of 10 separate films. )
Appendix I
Technical Publications
earth satellite vehicles through Astronaut Cooper's 22-orbit flight, May 1963.
238 pp., $1.50.
Third United _tates Mawned Orbital Space Flight (NASA SP-l$).--Results
of the MA-8 flight by Astronaut Walter Schirra, October 1962, including
spacecraft and launch-vehicle performance, mission operations, aeromedical
analysis, pilot performance, and pilot's flight report. 120 pp., 70 cents.
Second United States Manned Orbital Space Flight (NASA SP-6).--Results
of the MA-7 flight by Astronaut M. Scott Carpenter, May 1962, including
spacecraft and launch vehicle performance, Mercury network performance,
mission operations, space science report, aeromedical studies, pilot performance,
and pilot's flight report. 107 pp., 65 cents.
Results of the Project Mercury Ballistic and Orbital Chimpwnzee Flights
(NASA SP--39).--An account of the suborbital and orbital flights conducted
in 1961 with chimpanzees as subjects in preparation for the first U.S. manned
space flights. 71 pp., 45 cents.
Space, Science, and Urban Life (NASA SP-37).--Proceedings of a conference,
March 1963, on the applicability of the national space program, and the knowl-
edge resulting from aerospace research, to the problems of urban growth. 254
pp., $1.75.
The Observatory Generation of Satellites (NASA SP-30).--Discussion of
the missions and engineering designs of the Orbiting Geophysical Observatories,
the Advanced Orbiting Solar Observatory, and the Orbiting Astronomical
Observatory. 62 pp., 50 cents.
Ariel I: The First International Satellite (NASA S/_-$3).--Project summary
of the satellite launched April 26, 1962, in a cooperative effort by the United
Kingdom and the United States. 76 pp., 70 cents.
U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1965.--Updated tables of atmospheric parameters
to 700 kilometers, incorporating results of rocket and satellite research through
mid-1962. 278 pp., in hard covers, $3.50.
Short Glossary of Space Terms (NASA SP-1 ).--Brief definitions of technical
terms frequently used by space technologists. 57 pp., 25 cents.
Selected Welding Techniques (NASA SP--5003 ).--Descriptions and illustrations
of tools and methods developed by NASA, and of potential value to industry,
for welding aluminum sheet and plate. 25 pp., 30 cents.
NASA-Industry Program Plans Conference, 1963 (NASA SP-$9).--Statements
describing NASA's organization, present plans, and possible future projects
presented for the information of industrial management as a partner in the
national space program. 231 pp., $1.25.
Conference on Space-Age Plamating (NASA SP-$O).--Proceedings of the gen-
eral sessions of the Third National Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Space,
May 1963. 301 pp., $2.
Proceedings of the Second National Conference an the Peaceful Uses oi Space
(NASA SP-8).--Principal addresses, scientific papers, and panel discussions at
a conference in May 1962. 282 pp., $1.50.
Measurement of Thermal Radiation Properties of Solids (NASA SP--31).--
Proceedings of a symposium sponsored jointly by NASA, the Air Force, and the
National Bureau of Standards. 587 pp., $3.50.
Proceedings of the NASA-University Conference on the Science and Tech-
nology of Space Exploration, Chicago, Ill., Novamber 1965 (NASA SP-11):--
Volume 1 : NASA's role in space exploration ; developing special skills for
research in the space sciences; impact of the space program on the univer-
sities; the role of the university in meeting national goals in space
206 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
exploration; radar astronomy; the sounding rocket as a tool for college and
university research; geophysics and astronomy; lunar and planetary
sciences; celestial mechanics and space flight analysis; data acquisition and
processing; control, guidance, and navigation; bioastronautics. 429 pp.,
$2.50.
Volume 2: Chemical rocket propulsion; nuclear propulsion; power for
spacecraft ; electric propulsion ; aerodynamics ; gas dynamics ; plasma
physics and magnetohydrodynamics; laboratory techniques; materials;
structures. 532 pp., $3.
The scientific papers presented at the conference, grouped by topics, are
also available as separate state-of-the-art summaries:
Geophysics and Astronomy in Space Exploration _ent8
(NASA SP-13) ............................................ 35
Lunary and Planetary Sciences in Space Exploration
(NASA SP-14) ............................................ 55
Celestial Mechanics and Space Flight Analysis
(NASA SP-15) ............................................ 35
Data Acquisition from Spacecraft (NASA SP-16) .............. 40
Control, Guidance, and Navigation of Spacecraft
(NASA SP-17) ............................................ 40
Chemical Rocket Propulsion (NASA SP-19) ................... 40
Nuclear Rocket Propulsion (NASA SP-20) .................... 45
Power for Spacecraft (NASA SP-21) ......................... 25
Electric Propulsion for Spacecraft (NASA SP-22) .............. 35
Aerodynamics of Space Vehicles (NASA SP-23) ................ 40
Gas Dynamics in Space Exploration (NASA SP-24) ........... 40
Plasma Physics and Magnetohydrodynamics in Space
Exploration (NASA SP-25) ................................ 50
Laboratory Techniques in Space Environment Research
(NASA SP-26) ............................................ 40
Materials for Space Operations (NASA SP-27) ................ 35
Structures for Space Operations (NASA SP-28) ............... 35
Relay II, Jan. 21 .......................... Thor-Delta ....... AMRL. 4,600 mile apogee 1,298 mile
To obtain communications satellite sys- perigee. TV test patterns
tem and space radiation data. excellent.
Echo II, Jan. 25 ........................... Thor-Agena B .... PMR2_. Objectives achieved 135-foot
To place inflatable plastic/aluminum rigidized balloon orbited.
balloon satellite in near-polar, near- Inflation in orbit occurred.
circular earth orbit for passive radio, Beacons transmitting as de-
teletype, and facsimile communica- signed. First U.S.-U.S.S.R.
tions tests; test its passive communi- joint space experiments con-
cations characteristics and perform- ducted beginning Feb. 21.
ance of its rigidized shape; conduct
cooperative communications test with
Soviet scientists.
Saturn I (SA-5), Jan. 29 .................. Saturn I ........... AMR.__ Objectives achieved. Both
To test Saturn I launch vehicle with stages performed as designed.
live upper stage (S-IV, liquid hydro- Orbit achieved. Orbited
gen-fueled); to orbit spent upper stage. 37,000 lbs., of which nearly
Fifth flight of Saturn I; first Block II 18,000 was payload.
Saturn; first live flight of the LOX/LH
fueled second stage (S-IV).
Ranger VI, Jan. 30 ........................ Atlas-Agena B .... AMR___ Lunar trajectory, midcourse
To place spacecraft on lunar trajectory maneuver and lunar impact
from earth ("parking") orbit; perform achieved. TV cameras failed
midcourse correction during lunar to take photos of moon dur-
trajectory; obtain photos of lunar sur- ing final 17 minutes of flight.
face during last 17 minutes of flight Impacted within 20 miles of
prior to impacting moon. target at speed of 5,950
m.p.h, on Feb. 2.
Ariel II (UK-C), Mar. 27 ................. Scout ........ WI s .... Objectives achieved. Equip-
To place satellite in elliptical orbit. To ment performed as designed.
investigate galactic radio noise, verti-
cal distribution of ozone in the atmos-
phere, and micrometeoroid flux.
Gemini (GT-1), Apr. 8 ................... Titan II ........... AMR___ Orbit achieved. All test instru-
To place Gemini spacecraft in elliptical mentation transmitted
earth orbit. To test Titan launch ve- as programed. Test objec-
hicle system, Gemini spacecraft struc- tives achieved. Decayed
tural integrity, and spacecraft-launch during 69th orbit over S.
vehicle compatibility; to demonstrate Atlantic ocean.
the launch vehicle and guidance sys-
tems. Spacecraft not equipped to
separate from second stage.
207
208 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Saturn I (SA-6), May 28 .................. Saturn I ......... AMR__ _ All systems performed as d
To place unmanned Apollo spacecraft signed; orbit achieved.
"boilerplate" (command and service
modules) in elliptical earth orbit; test
Saturn propulsion and structure, and
flight control systems; prove first-
second stage separation technique.
Payload in pounds
209
210
9"
o"
..o
..3
x iiiiiiii!_iiii_i!i!iii_ii!ii!ii!i
APPENDIX L 211
_55-266 0 - 64 - 15
Appendix M
212
_PE_DIX M 213
California--Continued
NsG-354 ........ University of California (Berkeley), E. POLAK ...... $18, 298
A 1 Continued research in automatic control and infor-
mation systems.
NsG-387 ........ University of California (Berkeley), K. ANDERSO_ .... 70, O00
S 1 Study high energy solar flare radiation.
NsG-397 ........ University of California (Berkeley), N. PACE ......... 90, 000
S 1 Support of White Mountain Alpine Research Sta-
tion and study of the physiology of natural high-
altitude hibernators.
NsG-600 ........ University of California (Berkeley), H. JONES ...... 130, 00O
Research on techniques and instrumentation for
measurement of physiological variables in mammals
under space flight conditions.
NsG-637 ........ University of California (Berkeley), K. PISTI_R ...... 17, 718
Theory of Sandwich Plates and Shells.
NsG-702 ........ University of California (Berkeley), A. K. OPPEN- 69,675
HEIM.
Gas-wave-dynamic studies of spray combustion.
NsG-704 ........ University of California (Berkeley), A. D. MCLAREN__ 58, 471
Enzyme activity in terrestrial soll in relation to
exploration of the Martian surface.
NsG(T)-117 ..... University of California (Berkeley), S. S. ELBERG .... 237, 0O0
Support the training of 15 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-212 ....... University of California (Berkeley), G. C. PIMENTAL--- 175, 545
Develop infrared spectrometer suitable for space
vehicle study of planetary atmospheres.
NASr-220 ....... University of California (Berkeley), M. CALVIN ..... 193, 544
Develop scanning system for the Mariner space-
craft capable of measuring reflected visible radiation.
NsG--584 ........ University of California (Davis), D. BEARD ......... 4, 409
Optical properties of plasmas and fundamental
cyclotron frequencies.
NsG-705 ........ University of California (Davis), B. COSWELL ....... 19, 200
Constitutive equations and non-Newtonian fluid
mechanics.
NsG--249 ........ University of California (Los Angeles), T. A. FARLEY__ 200, 000
S 2 Research in particles and fields in space.
NAG-429 ........ University of California (Los Angeles) G. MAC- 48, 800
S 1 DONALD.
Support of a summer institute in planetary
physics.
NAG--481 ........ University of California (Los Angeles), I. MALKUS .... 30, 00O
S 1 Tropical cloud research in the Barbados area.
NsG--502 ........ University of California (Los Angeles), J. D. PamNc_[ 145,520
S 1 and W. R. Anr.y.
Neurophyslologlcal and behavioral studies of
chimpanzees, including establishment of group of
implanted animals.
NAG--623 ........ University of California (Los Angeles), D. B. 65, 054
LINDSEY.
Computer analysis of brain activity in perception
and performance.
NsG--672 ........ University of California (Los Angeles), E. ROSmNBERO_ 44, 438
The Geochemistry of Nucleic Acids.
NsG--721 ........ University of California (Los Angeles), R. E. SMITH__ 81, 732
The role of brown fat in the thermogenesls of ani-
mals and man.
Calffornia_ontinued
NASr-49(02) .... Stanford Research Institute, W. R. VINCBNT ........ $3, 329
A 5 Measurements of forward scattering in prepara-
tion at 6.0 GC.
NASr-40(04) .... Stanford Research Institute, R. J. P. LYON ......... 5, 920
A 3 Further studies on emission infrared spectra
from various rock materials.
NASr-49(07) .... Stanford Research Institute, F. S_ITH ............ 39, 34"[
A 2 Theoretical research-electronic, ionic and atomic
impact phenomena.
NASr-49(08) .... Stanford Research Institute, R. G. GOVLD ........... 1, 732
A 3 Technical problems associated with communication
satellites.
NASr-49(10) .... Stanford Research Institute, R. F. MARACA .......... 97, 150
A1 Participation in the technology utilization pro-
gram.
NASr-49(ll) .... Stanford Research Institute, L. F. NzY .............. 27, 850
A 1 Studies on the hill reaction activity on soluble
chloroplast extracts.
NASr-49(15) .... Stanford Research Institute, N. K. HIESTER .......... 72, 720
A 1 Continued research on the feasibility of simulating
thermal environment for meaningful evaluation of
ablating materials.
NASr-49(17) .... Stanford Research Institute, R. K. ARNOLD ......... 18, 737
A 2 Study of the economic impact of the establishment
of an electronics research center.
NASr-49(18) .... Stanford Research Institute, A. S. DENNIS ......... 51, 222
Study of the feasibility and applicability of and
recommendations concerning sferics measurements.
NASr-49(19) .... Stanford Research Institute, F. HALDEN ........... 61,460
Study of growth parameters for refractory car-
bide single crystals.
NASr-49(21) .... Stanford Research Institute, A. SHAPIRO ............ 53, 163
Studies on the structure and dynamics of the R&D
industry with special reference to NASA programs.
l_sG-30 ......... Stanford University, O. K. GARRIOTT ................ 100, 000
S 4 Ionospheric research utilizing satellite trans-
missions.
District of Columbia--Continued
NsG-647 ........ Catholic University, R. E. M_IZER ................ $23, 136
Studies of spin-phonon coupling effects using the
combined techniques of electron spin resonance and
acoustic excitation on the same paramagnetic crystal
and same frequency.
NsG-649 ........ Catholic University, R. TANAKA ................... 24, 108
Theoretical investigation of the analysis of radia-
tion damage in solar cells.
NsG(T)-39 ...... Catholic University, J. O'CONNOR .................. 192, 800
S 1 Support the training of 10 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-244 ....... Environmental Research Institute, F. D. SISL_R ..... 12, O00
Physical limitations of life.
NsG_t28 ....... Georgetown University, W. J. THALER ............. 98, 000
S 1 Theoretical and experimental studies of radiation.
NsG(T)-98 ...... Georgetown University, J. B. HORXOAN .............. 106, 200
Support the training of 6 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG_85 ........ George Washington University, C. W. SCHILLING ...... 80, 358
S 1 Scientific communication research in space biology.
NsG-603 ........ George Washington University, N. FILIPESCU ........ 47, 040
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of rare
earth chelates in solvents and polymers for optical
masers.
NsG-645 ........ George Washington University, N. T. GRISAMORE .... 19, 950
Research on 3-valued computer systems.
NsG(T)-51 ...... George Washington, University, A. E. BURNS ...... 109, 800
S 1 Support the training of 6 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-171 ....... George Washington University, C. W. SCHILLING ...... 27, 000
TO provide professional supporting services for the
review and evaluation of new technology identified
by technology utilization.
NASr-160 ....... Greene & Holly .................................. 29, 300
History of project vanguard.
NsG(T)-ll0 ..... Howard University, S. L. WORMLEY ................. 81, 600
Support the training of 4 graduate students in
space-related sciences and technology.
NsG-34 ......... National Academy of Sciences, C. J. LAPP .......... 305, 373
S 4 Participation in the resident research associate-
ship program.
NsG-492 ........ National Academy of Sciences, R. J. SHAY ........... 7, 000
Remote sensing as a way of determining plant
populations and stresses.
NsG-697 ........ National Academy of Sciences, H. ODISIIAW ......... 9, 000
Proposal for support of a working conference on
space nutrition and related waste problems.
NASr-239 ....... National Academy of Sciences, H. H. H_ss ........... 172, 675
Support of a study of exobiology.
R-33 ........... National Science Foundation, H. ODISHAW .......... 22, 900
A 2 Continue world data center and rockets and
satellites subcenter.
R-54 ........... National Science Foundation, G. W. MULDERS ........ 107, 600
A 2 Support of Space Science Board.
R-97 ........... National Science Foundation, R. THOMAS ............ 5, 000
A 1 Support of the Committee on Space Research
(COSPAR).
NASr-10 ........ Resources Research, Inc., S. LZVIN ................ 156,496
A 6 Continuation of research on Gulliver life detec-
District of Columbia--Continued
R-57 ........... U.S. National Bureau of Standards, A. D. FRANKLIN--_ $30, 000
A 2 Research on thermionic materials, including meas-
urements of vaporization and thermionic emission
of selected refractory metals and compounds.
R-73 ............ U.S. National Bureau of Standards, R. JOHNSTON .... 50, 000
A 1 Measuring the radiation intensities In the extreme
ultraviolet region.
R-80 ........... U.S. National Bureau of Standards, M. J. BERGEE .... 63, 000
A 2 Research and studies of the penetration of high-
energy radiation through matter.
R-83 ........... U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Bow_s ......... 200, 000
A 1 For the conduct of space sciences experiments at
the Jlcamarca Radar Observatory.
R-98 ............ U.S. National Bureau of Standards, D. MITTLEMAN .... 8, 315
Interagency fund transfer to NBS covering work
required to develop standard measurative computer
tasks.
R-116 .......... U.S. National Bureau of Standards, H. J. KOSTKOWSKI_ 60, 000
Research of method for measurement of spectral
irradiance from solar simulators.
R-117 .......... U.S. National Bureau of Standards, H. J. KOSTKOWSKI- 25,000
Research for the development of a stable ultra-
violet source and techniques for accurate radiometry.
R-126 ........... U.S. National Bureau of Standards, J. W. Wm0HT .... 85, 000
Ionospheric electron density studies and compu-
tations.
R-127 .......... U.S. National Bureau of Standards, C. M. TSCHEN__ 40, 000
Research on applications of plasma dynamics and
statistical mechanics to plasma propulsion.
R-130 .......... U.S. National Bureau of Standards, LOOAN ......... 50, 000
Stress corrosion of titanium alloys exposed to so-
dium chloride at elevated temperatures.
R-138 .......... U.S. National Bureau of Standards, HIDSENRATH, 32, 000
FURUKAWA, ARMSTRONG.
Thermodynamic properties of molecular complexes
of the C-H-O-N-S-P system.
R-113 .......... U.S. Navy, Bureau of Ships, TAYLOR, MYERS, 13, 000
HARRIS, DUNTLEY.
Survey of human visual capabilities in space.
R-139 .......... U.S. Navy, Bureau of Ships, S. Q. DUNTLEY ........ 95, 000
Support of the research program of the visibility
laboratory into the natural phenomena of the
environment.
1l-9 ............ U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, A. C. KOLE ....... 75, 000
A 3 Research on ultraviolet spectroscopy using high
temperature plasma sources.
R-48 ........... U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, WAMSLEY ...... 262, 713
A 3 Balloon flights during calendar year 1964.
R-119 .......... U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, G. PATTERSON___ 3, 000
Support of the fourth international symposium on
rarefied gas dynamics to be held at the University of
Toronto.
R-122 .......... U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, H. W. HAYES .... 20, 000
Support of the advisory center on toxicology at the
National Academy of Sciences.
R-128 .......... U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research ............... 40, 000
Long-range research program in statistical quality
control and reliability.
R-129 .......... U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, L. JEFFRESS___ $49, 225
Research in hearing with special emphasis on the
problem of lnfo transfer in connection with frequency
modulated pulses.
R-144 .......... U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research ................ 90, 000
Support a series of interdisciplinary conferences
on a variety of biological subjects to be organized
by New York Academy of Science.
R-55 ........... U.S. Weather Bureau ............................ 12,562
A 2 A program of investigations in squall lines and
severe local storms in the vicinity of Norman, 0kla.,
utilizing the F-11A.
Florida :
NsG-278 ........ Communications Research Institute, J. C. LILLY .... 62, 000
S 2 Continuation of NsG-278. A study of feasibil-
ity and methodology for establishing communication
between man and other species.
NsG-247 ........ Florida State University, L. MANDELKERN .......... 19, 200
S 1 Continued research of crystallization, crossltuk-
ing and dimensional changes in micromolecular
systems.
NsG(T)-50 ...... Florida State University, J. K. FOLaZR ........... 128,700
S 1 Support the training of 8 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-599 ........ University of Florida, A. GR_.Z_ .................... 56, 760
Theoretical atmospheric physics (radiation in
planetary atmospheres).
NsG(T)-13 ...... University of Florida, L. E. GRINTER ................ 177, 00O
S 1 Support the training of 10 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-176 ....... University of Florida, T. D. CARR ................... 58, 150
Conduct design studies and partially construct
the prototype of multifrequency satellite receiver
for monitoring the low frequency radiation of the
planet Jupiter.
NsG_t24 ........ University of Miami, A. H. STEN._INO ............... 44, 873
S 1 Instabilities in the flow of a boiling liquid.
NsG-621 ........ University of Miami, H. S. ROBERTSON .............. 20, 04)0
Investigation of oscillations on and near the anode
of a cesium vapor discharge.
_NsG-689 ........ University of Miami, S. Fox ...................... 100, 000
Research in the Institute of Molecular Evolution
in the School of Environmental and Planetary
Sciences.
NsG(T)-126 ..... University of Miami, J. R. Owsz .................. 70, 800
Support the training of 4 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-610 ........ University of South Florida, T. HELV_.Y ............. 8, 134
Support the conference on alimentation in space.
R-39 ........... U.S.N. School of Aviation Medicine, D. E. BEISCHER__ 102, 000
A 1 Effect of very strong magnetic fields and magnetic
feld-free environments on man and animals.
R-75 ........... U.S.N. School of Aviation Medicine, H. J. SCHAEFER__ 30, 700
S 1 Continued research of energy dissipation char-
acteristics in tissue for ionizing radiation in space.
Georgia :
NsG(T)-123 ..... Emory University, C. T. LESTER ................... 38, 600
Support the training of 2 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
Georgia--Continued
NsG--304 ........ Georgia Institute of Technology, H. D. EDWARDS .... $219, 520
S 1 Theoretical and experimental research program in-
volving the chemical release program.
NsG-657 ........ Georgia Institute of Technology, K. CRAWFORD ....... 600, 000
The development of the School of Mechanical
Engineering.
NsG(T)-I ....... Georgia Institute of Technology, M. J. GOGLIA ....... 288, 000
S 2 Support the training of 15 graduate students, in
space-related science and technology.
NsG(F)-24 ...... Georgia Institute of Technology ................... 1,000, 000
Construction of research laboratory facilities
housing the Georgia Tech Space Sciences and Tech-
nology Center.
NASr-192 ....... Georgia Institute of Technology, H. D. EDWARDS ...... 20, 539
Perform spectrophotometrle observations of high
altitude of flames.
l_lsG-571 ........ Georgia Institute of Technology, J. WANG .......... 17, 840
Research for investigation of the response of shells
of revolution to blast load.
NsG(T)-125 ..... University of Georgia, G. B. HUFF .................. 153, 600
Support the training of 8 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
R-137 .......... U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare__ 250, 000
Services in support of the planetary quarantine
requirements.
Hawaii :
Illinois--Continued
NsG-674 ........ Northw_tern University, K. G. HENIZE ............ $21, 801
A wide-angle slitle_ spectrograph for astro-
nomical spectroscopy in the ultraviolet.
NsG(T)-17 ...... Northwestern University, M. E. Pnxon ............. 206, 000
S 1 Support the Training of 12 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-607 ........ Southern Illinois University, J. LAUCHNEE ......... 77, 722
Study of advanced structural design concepts as
might be employed in future space missions.
Indiana :
NsG-446 ........ Evansville State Hospital, F. C. C_AnK ............. 37, 358
S 1 Effects of schedule and stimulus parameters on
monitoring and observing behavior.
NsG--408 ........ University of Indiana, S. ROBINSON ................ 30, 360
Anaerobic work capacity as affected by stress.
NsG--503 ........ University of Indiana, H. R. JOHNSON ............. 36, 000
S 1 Theoretical research on the steady-state inter-
action between radiation and matter in stellar
atmospheres.
NsG(T)-15 ...... University of Indiana, J. W. ASHToN ............... 192, 400
S 1 Support the training of 10 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-232 ....... University of Indiana, R. L. BANNEEMAN ............ 21, 525
Actuality documentaries for radio concerning
bloastronautlcs, their other world.
NASr-162 ...... University of Indiana, A. M. WlEMER ............... 300, 0O0
A 1 Study on industrial applications of aerospace re-
search.
NsG-339 ........ University of Notre Dame, G. F. D'ALELIO ......... 49, 050
S 1 Research on synthesis of heat-resistant polymers.
NsG(T)-65 ...... University of Notre Dame, C. A. SOLETA ............ 153, 600
Support the training of 8 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-543 ....... Purdue University, A. K. KAMAI .................... 28, 800
Study of direct and reflected Lunar radio waves.
NsG-553 ........ Purdue University, J. C. HANCOCK ................. 47, 990
The synthesis of self adaptive binary communica-
tion systems.
NsG-592 ........ Purdue University, M. Zvcnow .................... 410, 000
Research on High Pressure and Toxic Propellant
Firing Facility.
NsG(T)-27 ...... Purdue University, E. C. YOUNG ................... 279, 000
S 1 Support the training of 15 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
Iowa :
NsG-62 ......... Iowa State University, G. K. SEROVY ............... 24, 920
S 3 Research of blade element techniques to the seign
and performance prediction problems for axial flow
pumps.
NsG-293 ........ Iowa State University, B. C. CARLSON ............... 17, 001
S 1 Investigation of hypergeometric functions end
elliptic integrals.
NsG(T)-35 ...... Iowa State University, J. B. PAo_ .................. 205, 200
S 1 Support the training of 12 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-233 ....... State University of Iowa, J. A. VAN ALLEN ......... 285, 060
S 2 Research with satellites and probes.
NsG-576 ........ State University of Iowa, K. RIM ................... 7,104
Two-dimensional elastic and viscoelastic problems
with star-shaped or curvilinear polygonal boundary.
755-266 0 - 64 - 16
228 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL RRPORT TO CONGRESS
Maryland--Continued
R-112 ........... Johns Hopkins University (VIA AFOSR) B. F. CHOW-- $20, 000
Effect of reduced pressure or oxygen on gut
absorption.
NsG-5 .......... University of Maryland, E. MASON ................ 66, 000
S 2 Short range intermolccular forces and high-
temperature gas transport properties.
NsG-70 ......... University of Maryland, R. W. KRAUSS ............ 1,775
S 2 Effects of gravity free and radiation environ-
ments of space on cell division suitable for use in
biosatellite.
NsG--70 ......... University of Maryland, R. W. KRAUSS .............. 80, 000
S 3 A study of physophyslology in controlled environ-
ments.
NsG-220 ........ University of Maryland, D. A. TIOMAN .............. 27, 078
S 2 Theoretical studies of low density plasmas and
the application of fundamental plasma kinetic theory.
NsG-283 ........ University of Maryland, T. D. WILK_RSON .......... 40, 976
S 1 Measurement of plasma properties in space and
atomic collision cross sections.
NsG-359 ........ University of Maryland, T. D. WILKERSON ........... 47, 000
S 1 Laboratory investigation of the line intensities
of neutral atoms of astrophysical'interest.
NsG-398 ........ University of Maryland, W. C. RHEINBOLT ........... 335, 415
S I Multldisciplinary research on the application of
high-speed computers.
NsG--436 ........ University of Maryland, J. W_.R_.R ................. 300, 000
S 1 Experimental and theoretical research gravita-
tional physics.
NsG-566 ........ University of Maryland, R. C. GR_NILL ............. 150, 000
Neurobiological substrates of behavior.
NsG-585 ........ University of Maryland, W. C. ERICKSON ........... 16, 500
Low-frequency astronomy studies of the solar
corona by provision of a suitable high-resolution an-
tenna array.
NsG-615 ........ University of Maryland, W. C. ERICKSON ............ 24, 600
Preliminary studies in the design of a large radio
telescope.
NsG--642 ........ University of Maryland, MACDONALD .............. 47,000
Theoretical investigations of nuclear reactions
and structure.
NsG-695 ........ University of Maryland, D. TIDMAN ............... 131, 000
Research in the space sciences.
NsG(T)-3 ....... University of Maryland, R. BAMPORD .............. 192, 000
S 2 Support the training of 10 graduate studcnts in
space-related science and technology.
NsG(F)-17 ...... University of Maryland, M. MARTIN ............... 1, 500, 000
Construction of facilities to house laboratories
for space-related sciences.
R-78 ........... National Institutes of Health, J. FINN and F. STONm__ 100, 000
A 1 Operation and development of a center for com-
puter technology in biomedical sciences.
NsG-670 ........ Woodstock College, J. G. MARZOLF ............... 60,000
Theoretical and experimental studies of mutual
interest to GSFC and Woodstock.
R-109 .......... U.S. Navy Bureau of Naval Weapons, W. SHIPPEN .... 51, 000
Investigate application of long-range typhon ram-
jet engine.
R-38 ........... U.S. Naval Medical Research Center, T. H. BENZINGER_ $100, 000
A 2 Investigation of human calorimetry and hestburst
mlcrocalorimetry.
R-134 .......... U.S. Naval Medical Research Center, GOLDMAN ...... 18, 900
Study mechanism of axemal conduction in non-
myelinated nerve.
R-118 .......... U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, W. C. LYONS, JR .... 121, 0O0
Research of boundary layer transition Reynolds
number for slender cones at hypersonic speeds.
R-120 ........... U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, E. T. HOOFER, JR-_- 100, 0OO
Provide technical assistance to NASA experiments
on magnetometer and other nonlinear magnetic de-
vices.
R-120 ........... U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, E. T. HOOFER, JR--- 60, 00O
A 1 Instrumentation for low magnetic noise environ-
ment to evaluate highly stable low noise high sensi-
tivity magnetometers.
Massachusetts :
NsG-253 ........ American Academy of Arts and Sciences, E. 40, 00O
S 1 STEVENSON.
Massachusetts---Continued
NsG-438 ........ Harvard University, L. GODDBERG .................. $159, 000
S 1 Theoretical and experimental studies in ultra-
violet solar physics, including construction of labora-
tory prototype flight experiments.
NsG-559 ........ Harvard University, B. BUDIANSKY ................ 74, 880
Research on fracture mechanics and thin shell
analysis.
NsG-579 ........ Harvard University, R. KING ..................... 19, 256
Investigate and study experimentally the radia-
tion and circuit properties of V-antenna for satellite
application.
NsG-595 ........ Harvard University, E. EARLEY ................... 85, 397
Interrelations between systemic and regional blood
volume, blood flow and fluid and electrolyte
balance.
NsG-679 ........ Harvard University, D. M. HmGSTED ............... 23, 809
Fluoride and adaptation of calcium intake, an
investigation of the roles of fluoride and adaptation
in the conservation of bone mineral.
NsG--685 ........ Harvard University, G. R. HUOUZN[N .............. 86, 000
Development of theory and instrumentation for
long wave-length radio astronomy observations in
space for planetary, solar, and galactic research
objectives.
NsG-717 ........ Harvard University, J. MENDELSON ................ 20, 205
Conditioned avoidance behavior of paramecium
aurelia.
NsG_718 ........ Harvard University, R. McFAI_LA_D ............... 56, 848
Human performance in adverse environments.
NASr-158 ....... Harvard University, C. D'ALIUOLO ................. 1.00, 000
S 2 Research to conduct investigation of the properties,
flux, and trajectories of meteors.
NsG-719 ........ Massachusetts General Hospital, M. S. POTSAID ..... 40, 210
Study of ,_olid chemical radiation dosimeters.
NsG-31 ......... Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E. MOLLO 13, 502
S 3 CHRISTENSEN.
Experimental investigation of the effect of sound
impingement upon shear flows.
NsG-117 ........ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, N. GRANT .... 51, 000
S 4 Alloy strengthening by fine particle dispersions.
NsG--234 ........ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, J. F. 120, 000
S 2 REINTJES.
Michigan--Continued
NsG-660 ........ University of Michigan, V. C. LIu .................. $60, 000
Rarefied gas dynamics applied to upper atmos-
phere studies.
NsG-677 ........ University of Michigan, W. C. NELSON ............. 7, 000
Partial support of a conference on concentrated
vortex motions in fluids.
NsG-696 ........ University of Michigan, J. E. Rowe ................ 36, 000
Theoretical research in the application of non-
linear travelling wave tube theory of ionospheric
phenomena.
NsG-698 ........ University of Michigan, G. W. STROKE .............. 135, 000
2qew principles of interferometric ruling engine
control.
NsG-715 ........ University of Michigan, M. R. HOLTER ............. 135, 000
Multispectral sensing of agricultural crops.
NsG(T)-5 ....... University of Michigan, D. R. A. SAWYER ............ 279, 000
S 1 Support the training of 15 gradute students in
space-related science and technology.
1N&Sr-54 (03) .... University of Michigan, L. M. JONES ................ 497, 500
1 Studies of a more elaborate balloon system.
NASr-54(05) .... University of Michigan, E. J. SCHAEFr.R ........... 340, 000
A 1 A program in aeronomy.
NASr-54 (06) .... University of Michigan, P. HOWE ................... 90, 000
Development of on-line man-machine system per-
formance measurement and display technique.
NASr-54(07) .... University of Michigan, J. NICItOLLS ............. 100,000
Study of detonation phenomena and its possible
relation to rocket motor combustion instability.
NASr-54(08) .... University of Michigan, L. M. JONES ............... 101, 750
Measurement of atmospheric structure by satellite
observations of stellar refraction.
NsG (T)-102 ..... Wayne State University, R. M. WHALEY ............. 80, 000
Support the training of 5 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-175 ....... Wayne State University, R. M. WHALEY ............ 300, 00_
Program to accelerate the industrial application of
aerospace related technology.
Minnesota :
NsG-327 ........ Mayo Association, E. H. Wood ................... 52, 925
S 1 Cine-roentgenographic study of the heart and
lungs of man during exposure to forward accelera-
tion.
NsG-461 ........ University of Minnesota, T. M. TSUCHIYA .......... 10, 322
S 1 Conference on atmospheric biology.
NsG-643 ........ University of Minnesota, G. S. MICHAEZ_SEN ........ 28, 731
Bacteriology of "clean" rooms.
NsG-712 ........ University of Minnesota, J. H. PARK .............. 20, 315
Nonlinear estimation in communication and
control.
NsG-714 ........ University of Minnesota, R. J. GOLDSTEXN ........... 23, 845
Study of heat transfer through convective layers.
NsG(T)-7 ....... University of Minnesota, B. CRAWFORD ............ 288, 000
Support the training of 15 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-148 ....... University of Minnesota, R. L. ROSHOLT ............ 14, 653
A 1 A comment edition of an administrative history of
NASA through June 30, 1963.
Mississippi :
NsG-650 ........ Mississippi State University, R. G. TISCHER ........ $19, 200
Determine the amounts and kinds of metabolic
products exerted by hydrogenomonas eutropha dur-
ing autotrophic growth.
NSG(T)-lO6 ..... Mississippi State University, J. C. McKE_. ........ 65,300
Support the training of 4 graduate students in
spaco-related science and technology.
NsG(T)-ll8 ..... University of Mississippi, L. NOBLES .............. 70, 800
Support the training of 4 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
Missouri :
NASr-63(03) .... Midwest Research Institute, E. C. SNr.F, GAS ......... 99, 927
A 4 Stimulation of the educational, industrial and eco-
nomical potential of States.
NASr-63(06)__-_ Midwest Research Institute, P. BRYANT .............. 67, 841
A 1 Extreme vacuum technology (below 10-13 TORT)
including a pressure calibration study.
NASr-63(07) .... Midwest Research Institute, S. L. LEvY ........... 44, 992
Investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of thin
shells and plates.
NsG(T)-59 ...... Missouri School of Mines & Metallurgy, M. BAKER .... 95, 500
S 1 Support the training of 5 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG(T)-60 ...... University of Missouri, H. E. BENT ................ 191, 00O
S 1 Support the training of 10 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-271 ........ Saint Louis University, X. J. MUSACCHIA ......... 18, 678
S 1 Effects of radiation on gastrointestinal function
and cyclic turnover of intestinal epithelium.
NsG(T)-74 ...... Saint Louis University, R. J. HENLE ............... 175, 500
S 1 Support of the training of 10 graduate students
in space-related science and technology.
NsG-185 ........ Washington University, M. W. FRIEDLANDER ........ 13, 980
S 3 Investigation of the primary cosmic radiation at
low and southern latitudes.
NsG-581 ........ Washington University, G. E. PAKE ............... 600, 000
University-wide research program in the space-
related sciences and engineering.
NsG(T)-86 ...... Washington University, G. E. PAKE ................ 193, 500
S 1 Support the training of l0 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG(F)-22 ...... Washington University ........................... 600, 0OO
Construction of the 4th and 5th levels of research
laboratory facilities housing the physics laboratory.
Montana :
NsG-562 ........ Montana State College, C. P. QUESENBERRY ........ 9, 222
Research in the development of nonparametrie
statistical theory and methodology.
NsG(T)-ll3 ..... Montana State College, L. D. S. SMITH ............. 76, 500
Support the training of 4 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG(T)-ll4 ..... Montana State University, F. C. ABBOTT ............ 57, 600
Support the training of 3 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
Nebraska :
New York :
NsG-394 ........ Adelphl University, D. E. CUNSINOHAM ............ $160, 000
S 1 Multidisciplinary space-related sciences and tech-
nology research.
NsG(T)_90 ...... Adelphi University, M. McGRILLIES ................. 57, O00
Support the training of 3 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG(T)-lll ..... Alfred University, J. F. MCMAHON ................ 26, 400
Support the training of 2 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-130 ....... American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1, 191,984
A 4 J.J. GLENNON.
Abstraction and indexing of the 1964 volume of
the International Aerospace Abstracts.
NsG-197 ........ City College of New York, R. I. WOLFF .............. 29, 204
S 2 Satellite motion near an oblate spheroid and
interatomic potentials of binary systems.
NsG(T)-lO9 ..... City University of New York, M. REES ............. 76, 800
Support the training of 4 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG(T)-101 ..... Clarkson College of Technology, H. L. SHULMAN ..... 62, 100
Support the training of 3 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-229 ........ Columbia University, J. E. NArE .................. 81, 084
S 3 Summer institute in space physics.
NsG--294 ........ Columbia University, E. S. MACKLIN ................ 60, 00O
S 2 Materials investigations using the field ion
emission microscope,
NsG-360 ........ Columbia University, R. NovicK ................... 58, 0OO
S 1 Properties of simple atoms and ions.
NsG-442 ........ Columbia University, H. M. FOLEY .................. 30, 0O0
S 1 Theoretical and experimental investigations of
the microwave properties of planetary atmospheres.
NsG(T)-26 ...... Columbia University, R. S. HALFORD ................ 275, 500
S 1 Support the training of 15 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-109 ....... Corncll Aero Laboratory, Inc., A. HERTZnER0 ......... 134, 960
A 4 Experimental and theoretical research on the flow
of high temperature hydrogen through jet nozzles.
NASr-119 ....... Cornell Aeronautical Laboratories, Inc., A. HERTZEERO- 119, 846
A 2 Research on the nonequllibrium flow field and the
optical radiation around vehicles traveling at high
altitudes and superorbltal speeds.
NASr-156 ....... Cornell Aeronautical Laboratories, Inc., J. W. Four___ 70, 521
A 1 Investigation of warm fog properties and fog modi-
fication concepts.
NsG-116 ........ Cornell University, S. H. BAUER ................... 12, 487
S 3 Kinetics of chemical reactions in gases at high
temperatures utilizing shock tubes and other gas
dynamic techniques.
NsG-382 ........ Cornell University, T. GOLD ....................... 203, 530
S 1 Laboratory experiments relating to the lunar
surface.
NsG(T)-48 ...... Cornen University, D. BOYNTON ................... 212, 400
S 1 Support the training of 12 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-46 ........ Cornell University, T. GOLD ...................... 12, 679
A 2 Build four prototype magnetometers.
NsG-155 ........ Dudley Observatory, C. L. HEMENWAY ............... 299, 250
S 2 Collection of mlcromcteoritcs from a Gemini space
fight capsule.
New York--Continued
NsG(T)-lO ...... Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, E. B. ALLEN ...... $302, 200
S 2 Support the training of 15 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-209 ........ University of Rochester, W. VISHNIAC ............. 215, 950
Microbiological and chemical studies of planetary
soils.
NsG-308 ........ University of Rochester, P. W. BAUMEISTER ......... 69, 276
S 2 The properties of multilayer optical filters.
NsG-350 ........ University of Rochester, M. LESSEN .............. 60, OO0
S 1 Investigate the feasibility of a traveling wave de-
vise of rotationally symmetric geometry for propul-
sion.
NsG-469 ........ University of Rochester, G. LoEwY ................ 30, 00O
S 1 ,Investigation of the free vibrations of heavy
concentrated masses suspended in cylindrical shell
structures.
NsG-574 ........ University of Rochester, E. KXNNEN ................. 18, 706
A study of nonlinear control systems problems.
NsG-613 ........ University of Rochester, W. D. NEar .............. 37, 500
Investigation of the neurological correlates of
information reception.
NsG(T)-73 ...... University of Rochester, W. O. F_NN ................ 186, O00
S 1 Support the training of 10 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-14 ........ University of Rochester, R. E. HOPKINS, W. L. HYDE
A 4 and M. V. R. K. MURTY ....................... 74, 787
Studies of optical and mechanical design of tele-
scopic and spectrographic equipment suitable for
space environment.
NASw-107 ....... University of Rochester, R. E. HOPKINS ........... 85, OO0
A 4 Obtain additional data of experiments in the
vacuum ultraviolet region.
NsG-684 ........ Saint John's University, M. PISANO ............... 17, 195
Investigation of a sonochemical approach in steril-
ization problems.
NsG(T)-ll9 ..... State University of New York (Stony Brook), K.D. 31, 1O0
HARTZBLL.
Support the training of 2 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-619 ........ Syracuse University, K. SCHRODER ................ 18, 180
Research on creep at elevated temperatures and
high vacuum.
NsG_627 ........ Syracuse University, R. M. EVAN-IWANOWSKI ........ 20, 400
Deformations and stability of perfect and impprfect
lsotropic cylindrical shells.
NsG-693 ........ Syracuse University, R. S. SLEPECKY .............. 19, 458
Studies of trace elements in the sporulation of
bacteria and the germination of bacterial spores.
NsG(T)-78 ...... Syracuse University, F. P. PISKOR ................. 141, 600
S 1 Support the training of 8 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
R-106 .......... U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, W. BRANDT ........ 133
Payment for computer usage.
NsG-227 ........ Yeshiva University, L. F. LANDOVITZ .............. 25, 999
S 2 Application of statistical mechanics of nonequillb-
rium processes to astrophysics.
North Carolina :
NsG-152 ........ Duke University, T. G. WXLSON ................... 55, 0O0
S 3 Satellite electrical power conversion systems and
circuit protection.
NsG (T)-132 ..... North Dakota State University, D. SCHWARTZ ........ 37, 900
Support the training of 2 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
Ohio :
Ohio--Continued
NsG-36-60 ...... Case Institute of Technology, W. MERGLER ......... $60, 000
S 3 Investigation of hybird numerical circuitry in
closed loop control system.
NsCr-ll0 ........ Case Institute of Technology, L. A. SCHMIT, Jr ....... 38, 100
S 4 Research on a method of systematic structural
synthesis suitable for use with digital computing
equipment.
NsG-198 ........ Case Institute of Technology, O. K. MAWARDI ......... 150, 000
S 3 Research in plasma dynamics.
NsG-345 ........ Case Institute of Technology, W. TOBOCMAN ......... 24, 986
S 1 Investigate the range of validity of the theory of
the direct interaction of the nuclei.
NsG-391 ........ Case Institute of Technology, S. OSTRACH ........... 31, 200
S 1 General study of the dynamics and stability of
ablative melt layers.
NsG-639 ........ Case Institute of Technology, J. F. WALLACE ......... 12, 720
Modified eutectic alloys for high temperature
service.
NsG-644 ........ Case Institute of Technology, W. THOMPSON ......... 48, 200
Spectroscopy of trapped free radicals from low
temperature hydrogen atom reactions.
NsG(T)_I2 ...... Case Institute of Technology, L. GORDON ............ 206, 700
S 1 Support the training of 10 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-654 ........ Case Institute of Technology, S. V. RADCLX_'FE ....... 19, 930
Effects of hydrostatic pressure cycling on the
mechanical behavior of body centered cubic refr.
metals and alloys.
NASr-227 ....... Case Institute of Technology, R. E. BoLz ............. 54, 787
Support a specialized summer institute in space-
related engineering.
NsG-75 ......... University of Cincinnati, B. BLACK-SCHAFFER ........ 21, 460
S 1 Protection against acceleration by immersion
during hypothermie suspended animation.
NsG(T)_43 ...... University of Cincinnati, C. CROCK_._r ............... 117, 600
S 1 Support the training of 8 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-568 ........ Kent State University, T. BHARGAVA ................ 11, 400
Research on stochastic models for multidimen-
sional, multivalued relations.
NsG(T)-56 ...... Kent State University, C. G. WILRER ................ 54, 100
S 1 Support the training of 3 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-213 ........ Ohio State University, C. LEWIS ................... 100, O00
S 2 Theoretical and experimental analysis of the
electromagnetic scattering on lunarlike surfaces.
NsG-295 ....... Ohio State University, E. P. IIIATT ................. 90, 000
S 1 Biological e_ffects of prolonged exposure of animals
to unusual gaseous environments.
NsG--74 ......... Ohio State University, C. A. LEvxs ................ 100, 000
S 3 Research on receiver techniques for use at milli-
meter and submillimeter wavelengths.
NsG-552 ........ Ohio State University, C. V. Hzza ................ 70, 420
Research measurement of angular rotation with
photons.
NsG--591 ........ Ohio State University, R. BRODKEY ................ 20, 016
Rheological properties of materials.
NsG-652 ........ Ohio State University, G. W. WHARTON ............. 69, 805
Determination of minimum concentrations of en-
vironmental water'capable of supporting life.
Pennsylvania--Continued
NASr-146 ....... Franklin Institute R. M. GOODMAN ................ $97, 331
A 1 Research into measurement, systems, and systems
concepts for application to studies in circadian
rhythms.
NsG-287 ........ Haverford College, L. C. GREEN .................. 36, 201
S 1 Theoretical studies of wave functions and transi-
tion probabilities for light atoms and highly ionized
ions.
NsG-287 ........ Haverford College, L. C. GREEN .................... 36, 285
S 2 Investigation of the solar ultraviolet spectrum of
FE II.
NsG-410 ........ LeHigh University, P. C. PARIS .................... 48, 000
S 1 Theoretical and experimental studies of fatigue
crack propagation.
NsCr_66 ........ LeHigh University, F. P. BEER ...................... 18, 960
S 1 Analysis and prediction of launch vehicle response
to a random wind-velocity field.
NSG(T)-57 ..... LeHigh University, R. D. STOUT ................... 153, 600
S 1 Support the training of 8 graduate students in
space-related science aml technology.
NsG-147 ........ Mellon Institute, D. J. PLAZEK .................... 24, 049
S 2 Research on viscoelastic behavior of polymers at
long times.
NsG-668 ........ Mellon Institute, L. VASSAMILLET ................. 45, 000
Research on tektites, strong meteorites, and radi-
ation damage in simulated lunar materials.
NsG-134 ........ Pennsylvania State University, J. S. NlSnET ......... 116, 468
S 3 Theoretical and analytical research on electron
densities in the ionosphere, including studies of a
rocket and separating capsule experimental tech-
nique.
NsG-324 ........ Pennsylvania State University, E. C. POLLARD ........ 193, 625
S 1 Physics of cellular synthesis, growth and division.
NsG-537 ........ Pennsylvania State University, G. WISLIC_.NUS ...... 29, 250
Investigation of secondary flow in axial flow
inducers.
NsG-611 ........ Pennsylvania State University, D. KLINE ............ 28, 920
Thermal conductivity studies of high polymers.
NsG(T)-22 ...... Pennsylvania State University, H. K. SCHILLING ...... 212, 400
S 1 Support the training of 12 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG-316 ........ University of Pennsylvania, M. ALTMAN ............. 213, 700
S 2 Research in the conversion of various forms of
energy by unconventional techniques.
NsG-667 ........ University of Pennsylvania, W. C. FOESMAN ......... 28, 067
Studies of non-Newtonian fluid.
NsG(T)-69 ...... University of Pennsylvania, A. N. HIXSON .......... 230, 400
S 1 Support the training of 12 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NASr-191 ....... University of Pennsylvania, P. S. BALAS ............. 182, 292
Operation of a power information center.
NASr-191 ....... University of Pennsylvania, P. S. BALAS ............. 70, 000
A 1 Operation of the power information center.
NsG-593 ........ University of Pittsburgh, A. J. COHEN .............. 60, 000
Geochemical research on stony meteorites and
tektites.
755-266 0 - 64 - 17
244 NASA ELEVENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Tennessee--Continued
NsG-(T)-85 ..... Vanderbilt University, L. B. BroACH ............... $179, 300
S 1 Support the training of 10 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
Texas :
NsG--548 ........ Arlington State College, G. McCAIN ............... 13,287
Study of the effects of protective filters and lenses
on color Judgment.
NsG-390 ........ Baylor University, P. KELIAWAY ................. 34,473
S 1 Study of correlations between physiological and
psychological observations.
NsG-269 ........ Graduate Research Center, F. S. JOHNSON ........... 850, 000
S 2 Fundamental research in earth and planetary
sciences.
NsG-583 ........ Graduate Research Center of the Southwest, R.C. 8, 000
PE£NBY.
Support of a symposium on gravitational collapse
and other topics in relativistic astrophysics as
described.
NASr-177 ....... Graduate Research Center of the Southwest, W.B. 131,792
HANSON.
Measurement of the neutral composition of the
upper atmosphere.
NsG(T)-52 ...... University of Houston, $. C. ALLREV .............. 177, 000
S 1 Support the training of 10 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG--6 .......... Rice University, F. BnoTzEN ..................... 300,000
S 5 Research on the physics of solid materials, and
study of the basic laws governing the behavior at
high temperatures.
NsG-673 ........ .Rice University, F. C. MICHEL and A. $. DIDSSLER___ 62, 651
Develop an instrument to determine the species of
the solar wind for advanced pioneer mission.
NsG(T)-9 ....... Rice University, F. R. BROTZZN .................... 288, 000
S 2 Support the training of 15 graduate students in
space-related science and technology.
NsG(F)-20 ...... Rice University .................................. 1,600, 000
Construct a space science and technology building
on campus.
NASr-209 ....... Rice University, B. $. O'BnIEN ................... 60, 000
A 1 Investigations and analyses of particle and light
flux in aurorae and airglow using rocket-borne in-
strumentation.
Utah :
The grants listed in this appendix are reported to the Congress in compliance with
the requirements of the Grants Statute, 42 U.S.C. 1891-1893 (72 Stat. 1793).
2 Contracts have prefix NAS ; Grants have prefix NsG ; Transfer of Funds to Government
Agencies have prefix R. Barlier Grants and Contracts are listed in appendices of previous
NASA Semiannual Reports to Congress.
Appendix N
248
APPENDIX N 249