DLSU Outline
DLSU Outline
COLLEGE OF LAW
RUFINO CAMPUS, BGC, TAGUIG CITY
COURSE OUTLINE
CRIMINAL LAW 1
First Semester, AY 2020 - 2021
A. Course Syllabus
1. Criminal law
4. Corpus delicti
People v. Roluna, G.R. No. 101797, 24 March 1994
People v. Quimzon, G.R. No. 133541, 14 April 2004
People v. Vidal, Jr., G.R. No. 229678, 20 June 2018
D. Penological objectives
A.F. Tadiar, Philosophy of a Penal Code, 52 PHIL.L.J. 165 (1977)
2. The maxim Nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege has its roots
in history. It is in accordance with both centuries of civil law
and common law tradition. Moreover, it is an indispensable
corollary to a regime of liberty enshrined in our Constitution.
It is of the essence then that while anti-social acts should be
penalized, there must be a clear definition of the punishable
offense as well as the penalty that may be imposed - a
penalty, to repeat, that can be fixed by the legislative body,
and the legislative body alone. So constitutionalism
mandates, with its stress on jurisdictio rather than
guvernaculum. The judiciary as the dispenser of justice
through law must be aware of the limitation on its own
power. [Concurring Opinion, Justice Fernando, People v.
Cabural, G.R. No. 34105, 4 February 1983]
2. Police power
“The Court held that that the power to punish crimes is a power
inherent to the State by virtue of Police Power. That the legislature
may even forbid acts which were previously considered lawful,
provided that no constitutional rights have been abridged.”
(i) Rep. Act No. 7160 (1991), sec. 16, 48, 391(a)(1),
(14), and (20), 447(a)(1)(ii), (iii), (v) and (vi),
458(a)(1)(ii), (iii), (v) and (vi), 468(a)(1)(ii), (iii), (v)
and (vi)
ARTICLE 22. Retroactive Effect of Penal Laws. — Penal laws shall have a retroactive
effect in so far as they favor the person guilty of a felony, who is not a habitual criminal,
as this term is defined in rule 5 of article 62 of this Code, although at the time of the
publication of such laws a final sentence has been pronounced and the convict is
serving the same.
ARTICLE 366. Application of Laws Enacted Prior to this Code. — Without prejudice to
the provisions contained in article 22 of this Code, felonies and misdemeanors,
committed prior to the date of effectiveness of this Code shall be punished in
accordance with the Code or Acts in force at the time of their commission.
d. Bill of attainder
a. CONST. (1987), art. III, secs. 1, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21
1. General
h. Cases:
2. Territorial
e. Cases:
3. Prospective
c. Cases:
Rule of Lenity
A. Felonies
1. Definition/Elements
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 3
a. Act
People v. Gonzales, 183 SCRA 309 (1990)
b. Omission
a. Dolo
(i) Elements
b. Culpa
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 3, 205, 208, 217, 224
c. Quasi-offenses
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 365
b. REP. ACT NO. 9372, art. 52; Rep. Act No. 9165, art. 25,
26 & 98
C. Criminal Liability
1. How incurred
b. Impossible crimes
D. Stages of commission
1. Definitions
2. Specific felonies
a. Rape
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 266-B
People v. Erinia, 50 Phil. 998 (1927)
People v. Hernandez, 49 Phil. 980 (1925)
People v. Orita, 184 SCRA 105 (1990)
People v. Campuhan, 329 SCRA 270 (2000)
b. Theft
United States v. Adiao, 38 Phil. 754 (1918)
People v. Dino, 45 O.G. 3446
Valenzuela v. People, G.R. No. 160188, 21 June 2007
c. Robbery
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 297
People v. Lamahang, 61 Phil. 703 (1935)
People v. Salvilla, 184 SCRA 671 (1990)
d. Murder
People v. Borinaga, 55 Phil. 433 (1930)
People v. Sy, 94 Phil. 885 (1954)
People v. Trinidad, 169 SCRA 51 (1989)
e. Homicide
Giovani Serrano v. People, G.R. No. 175023, 5 July
2010
A. Justifying Circumstances
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 11, 101
1. Self-defense
People v. Boholst-Caballero, 61 SCRA 180 (1974)
People v. Alconga, 78 Phil. 366 (1947)
United States v. Mack, 8 Phil. 701 (1907)
People v. Sumicad, 56 Phil. 643 (1932)
People v. Olarbe, G.R. No. 227421, 23 July 2018
2. Defense of honor
People v. Luague, 62 Phil. 504 (1935)
People v. De la Cruz, 61 Phil. 344 (1935)
People v. Jaurigue, 76 Phil. 174 (1946)
3. Defense of property
People v. Apolinar, 38 OG 2870 (1938)
United States v. Bumanglag, 14 Phil. 644 (1909)
People v. Narvaez, G.R. Nos. L-33466-67, 20 April 1983
4. Defense of relative
United States v. Esmedia, 17 Phil. 260 (1910)
6. Fulfillment of duty
People v. Ulep, G.R. No. 132547, 20 September 2000
Cabanlig v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148431, 28 June 2005
B. Exempting Circumstances
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 12, 101
1. Insanity
People v. Nuñez, G.R. Nos. 112429-30, 23 July 1997
People v. Bonoan, 64 Phil. 87 (1937)
People v. Ambal, 100 SCRA 325 (1980)
People v. Robiños, G.R. No. 138453, 29 May 2002
2. Somnabulism
People v. Taneo, 58 Phil. 255 (1933)
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3. Minority
REP. ACT NO. 9344 (2006)
REP. ACT NO. 10630 (2013)
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 80
PRES. DECREE NO. 603 (1974), as amended, art. 189-204
Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law (A.M. No. 02-
1-18-SC)
People v. Doquena, 68 Phil. 580 (1939)
People v. Navarro, 51 OG 4062 (1955)
Guevarra v. Almodovar, G.R. No. 75256, 26 January 1989
Jose v. People, 448 SCRA 116 (2005)
People v. Jacinto, G.R. No. 182239, 16 March 2011
People v. Arpon, G.R. No. 183563, 14 December 2011
4. Accident
People v. Bindoy, 56 Phil. 15 (1931)
U.S. v. Tanedo, 15 Phil. 196 (1910)
Pomoy v. People, 439 SCRA 439 (2004)
6. Insuperable cause
U.S. v. Vicentillo, 19 Phil. 118 (1911)
People v. Bandian, 63 Phil. 530 (1936)
2. Absolutory causes
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 6(3), 7, 16, 20, 247, 280, 332, 344
People v. Abarca, 153 SCRA 735 (1987)
People v. Jimmy Talisic, G.R. No. 97961, 5 September 1997
Intestate Estate of Manolita Gonzales vda. de Carungcong v.
People, G.R. No. 181409, 11 February 2012
D. Mitigating Circumstances
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 13, 62, 63, 64 and 65
6. Passion or obfuscation
REV. PEN. CODE, Art. 13(6)
United States v. Hicks, 14 Phil. 217 (1909)
United States v. De la Cruz, 22 Phil. 429 (1912)
8. Physical defect
REV. PEN. CODE, Art. 13(8)
9. Illness
REV. PEN. CODE, Art. 13(9)
People v. Javier, 311 SCRA 576 (1999)
E. Aggravating Circumstances
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 14, 62, 63, 64 and 65
RULES OF COURT, Rule 110, sec. 8 & 9
People v. Orilla, G.R. Nos. 148939-40, 13 February 2004
PO3 Sombilon, Jr. v. People, G.R. No. 175528
People v. Rebucan, G.R. No. 182551, 27 July 2011
9. Recidivism
REV. PEN. CODE, Art. 14(9)
People v. Lagarto, 196 SCRA 611 (1991)
16. Treachery
REV. PEN. CODE, Art. 14(16)
People v. Sangalang, 58 SCRA 737 (1974)
Cirera v. People, G.R. No. 181843, 14 July 2014
17. Ignominy
REV. PEN. CODE, Art. 14(17)
21
21. Cruelty
REV. PEN. CODE, Art. 14(20)
F. Alternative Circumstances
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 15
1. Relationship
People v. Orilla, supra
2. Intoxication
People v. Camano, 115 SCRA 688 (1982)
1. Principals
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 17
b. Principals by inducement
People v. Ong Chiat Lay, 60 Phil. 788 (1934)
United States v. Indanan, 24 Phil. 203 (1913)
People v. Omine, 61 Phil. 609 (1935)
2. Accomplices
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3. Accessories
B. In Light Felonies
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 16
D. Multiple/Repeat offenders
a. Recidivism
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 14(9)
People v. Lagarto, supra
People v. Faustino Tolentino, G.R. No. L-48740, 5 August
1942
b. Habituality (Reiteracion)
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 14(10)
People v. Melchor Real, supra
c. Quasi-Recidivism
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 160
People v. Nicolas Layson, G.R. No. L-25177, 31 October 1969
d. Habitual Delinquency
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 62(5)
People v. Canuto Bernal, supra
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V. PENALTIES
A. General Principles
1. Constitutional limitations
CONST., art. III, sec. 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
20, 21, & 22
b. Due process
2. Prospectivity
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 1, 21, 22, Civil Code, art. 4
B. Purposes
A.F. Tadiar, Philosophy of a Penal Code, supra
1. Death penalty
D. Classification
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 25, 26
REP. ACT NO. 10951, sec. 2
2. Destierro
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 87, 247, 284 & 334
4. Civil interdiction
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 34
6. Subsidiary penalty
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 39
REP. ACT NO. 10159 (2012)
People, through Private Complainant Brian Victor Britchford,
v. Salvador Alapan, G.R. No. 199527, 10 January
2018
F. Application
a. Plurality of crimes
25
b. Complex crimes
6. Three-fold rule
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 70
Mejorada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. L-51065-72, 30 June
1987
1. Probation
A. Total Extinction
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 89
3. Amnesty
CONST., art. VII, sec. 19
People v. Patriarca, G.R. No. 135547, 29 September
2000
People v. Casido, G.R. No. 116512, 7 March 1997
Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, 82 Phil. 642 (1949)
28
4. Absolute pardon
CONST., art. VII, sec. 19
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 23, 344
Flora v. Oximana, G.R. No. 19745, 31 January 1964
Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, supra
Pelobello v. Palatino, G.R. No. 48100, 20 June 1941
Atty. Alicia Risos-Vidal v. Commission on Elections,
G.R. No. 206666, 21 January 2015
B. Partial Extinction
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 94
REP. ACT NO. 10592 (2013)
1. Conditional pardon
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 95
In re. Antonio Infante, G.R. No. 4164, 12 December
1952
Torres v. Gonzales, 152 SCRA 272 (1987)
A. In general