Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2019

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level In

Decision Mathematics D1 (WDM11/01)
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June 2019
Publications Code WDM11_01_1906_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2019
 General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment.

Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the
same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according
to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.
 EDEXCEL GCE MATHEMATICS

General Instructions for Marking

1. The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of

marks:

 M marks: method marks are awarded for ‘knowing a method and

attempting to apply it’, unless otherwise indicated.
 A marks: Accuracy marks can only be awarded if the relevant method
(M) marks have been earned.
 B marks are unconditional accuracy marks (independent of M marks)
 Marks should not be subdivided.

3. Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in
the mark schemes.

 bod – benefit of doubt

 ft – follow through
 the symbol will be used for correct ft
 cao – correct answer only
 cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of
the question to obtain this mark
 isw – ignore subsequent working
 awrt – answers which round to
 SC: special case
 oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)
 dep – dependent
 indep – independent
 dp decimal places
 sf significant figures
  The answer is printed on the paper
 The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao.), unless shown, for
example, as A1 ft to indicate that previous wrong working is to be
followed through. After a misread however, the subsequent A marks
affected are treated as A ft, but manifestly absurd answers should
never be awarded A marks.

5. For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or

materially simplify it, deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that
part of the question affected.

6. If a candidate makes more than one attempt at any question:

 If all but one attempt is crossed out, mark the attempt which is
NOT crossed out.
  If either all attempts are crossed out or none are crossed out,
mark all the attempts and score the highest single attempt.

7. Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct

answer.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1. (a) NNA: A – D – E – F – B – C – A M1 A1
27+25+21+34+58+56 = 221 (km) A1 (3)
(b) RMST weight = 118 (km) B1
118 + 27 + 38 = 183 (km) M1 A1 (3)
(c) 183 ≤ length ≤ 221 M1 A1 (2)
8 marks
Notes for Question 1
a1M1: Nearest neighbour A – D – E – F – B or accept 1 5 6 2 3 4 across the top of the table
a1A1: Route correctly stated, must return to A, accept link back to A
a2A1: Length correctly stated. Do not ISW if candidates then go on to double the route length

b1B1: CAO for RMST weight (either 118 or 34 + 21 + 25 + 38) – maybe implied by later working
b1M1: Adding 27 + 38 (the two least weighted arcs) to their RMST length – this mark maybe implied by
the correct value for the lower bound – note that their RMST must contain only four arcs
b1A1: CAO - if 183 seen without working then award all 3 marks in (b)

c1M1: Their answers from (a) and (b) correctly used, accept any inequalities or any indication of an
interval from their 183 to their 221 (so 183 – 221 can score this mark). Please note that UB > LB for this
mark
c1A1: CAO (no follow through on their values) including correct inequalities or equivalent set notation (but
condone 183 < length ≤ 221)
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2. (a)

M1

A1 (ABCDE)

A1 (FGH)

A1ft (KJ)

Route: ABDEFHKJ A1
Length: 76 (km) A1ft (6)
(b) Prim: AB, BC; BD, DE M1; A1 (2)
(c) Kruskal: FG, JK, FH, not GH, HK, (not HJ), (not FK), (not GJ) M1; A1 (2)
(d) Total length: 85 (km) B1 (1)
11 marks
Notes for Question 2
In (a) it is important that all values at each node are checked very carefully – the order of the
working values must be correct for the corresponding A mark to be awarded e.g. at E the working
values must be 24 22 20 in that order (so 24 20 22 is incorrect)
It is also important that the order of labelling is checked carefully – some candidates start with a label
of 0 at A (rather than 1) – which is fine. Also the order of labelling must be a strictly increasing
sequence – so 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, … will be penalised once (see notes below) but 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, … is fine. Errors
in the final values and working values are penalised before errors in the order of labelling

a1M1: A larger value replaced by a smaller value in at least two of the working value boxes at either C or E
or J or K
a1A1: All values in A, B, C, D and E correct and the working values in the correct order at C and E
(including order of labelling). Condone lack of 0 in A’s working value
a2A1: All values in F, G and H correct and the working values in the correct order. Penalise order of
labelling only once per question (F, G and H must be labelled in that order and F must be labelled after A,
B, C, D and E). Note that an additional working value of 56 at H after the 48 is not an error so 48 56 is fine,
however, any other number or 56 48 in this order is incorrect and scores A0 in this part
a3A1ft: All values in K and J correct on the follow through and the working values in the correct order.
Penalise order of labelling only once per question. To follow through K check that the working value at K
follows from the candidate’s final values from their feeds into K (which will come from nodes F, H and
possibly even J (in the order in which the candidate has labelled them)) and that the final value, and order of
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
labelling, follows through correctly. Repeat this process for J (which will possibly have working values
from G, H and K with the order of these values determined by the candidate’s order of labelling at G, H and
K)
a4A1: CAO - correct route (ABDEFHKJ) not from J to A
a5A1ft: Follow through on their final value at J only (so if 76 given as the answer and the final value at J is
not 76 then A0)

b1M1: First two arcs (AB, BC) chosen correctly in order, or first three nodes (ABC) chosen correctly in
order. If any rejections seen at any point, or just a list of all the arcs in order, or only a list of weights then
M0 (condone for M1only those who find the MST for the entire network)
b1A1: CSO (must be considering arcs so must be AB, BC, BD, DE or BA, BC, etc.) – do not isw if
candidates continue and find the MST for the entire network

c1M1: First two arcs (FG, JK) chosen correctly in order and at least one rejection seen at some point – no
marks in this part if candidates apply Kruskal to the entire network or if only a list of weights given
c1A1: CSO – all selections and rejections correct in the correct order and at the correct time. Note that
stating all the arcs in order (e.g. GF, JK, FH, GH, KH, JH, FK, GJ) and then stating only those in the tree in
the corret order is fine for both marks in this part

d1B1: CAO (85)

Question
Scheme Marks
Number

132
3. (a)  3.14... so lower bound is 4 M1 A1 (2)
42
Group 1: 8 17 9 7
Group 2: 14 18 10 M1 A1
(b)
Group 3: 12 22 (2)
Group 4: 15
e.g. middle right e.g. middle left
M1
8 17 9 14 18 12 22 10 15 7 8 17 9 14 18 12 22 10 15 7
17 14 18 22 15 12 8 9 10 7 22 18 8 17 9 14 12 10 15 7
A1
(c) 22 18 17 14 15 12 10 8 9 7 22 18 17 15 14 8 9 12 10 7
22 18 17 15 14 12 10 9 8 7 22 18 17 15 14 12 8 9 10 7
A1ft
22 18 17 15 14 12 10 9 8 7 22 18 17 15 14 12 10 9 8 7
A1 (4)
22 18 17 15 14 12 10 9 8 7
Group 1: 22 18
Group 2: 17 15 10 M1 A1
(d)
Group 3: 14 12 9 7 (2)
Group 4: 8
(e) B(E)C + G(I)H = (11.2 + 14.5) + (8.3 + 17.2) = 51.2* M1
B(F)G + C(EJ)H = (10.3 + 15.2) + (14.5 + 7. 5 + 16.2) = 63.7 A1
B(EJ)H + C(EF)G = (11.2 + 7.5 + 16.2) + (14.5 + 4. 3 + 15.2) = 68.9 A1
Repeat arcs: BE, CE, GI, HI A1 (4)
(f) Route e.g. ABEBFECEJIFGIGHIHJDCA B1
Length = 227. 2 + 51.2 = 278.4 (m) B1ft (2)
(g) Finishing vertex: C B1
Reduction in lengths: 51.2 – (10.3 + 15.2) = 25.7 (m) B1 (2)
18 marks
Notes for Question 3
PLEASE NOTE NO MISREADS IN THIS QUESTION – MARK ACCORDING TO THE SCHEME
AND THE SPECIAL CASE FOR ASCENDING IN PART (c)

a1M1:Attempt to find the lower bound 132  22  / 42 (a value of 3.14 (or better) seen with no working can
imply this mark)
a1A1: CSO - correct calculation seen or 3.14 followed by 4 – accept 3.1 if correct calculation seen. An
answer of 4 with no working scores M0A0

b1M1: First six items placed correctly and at least eight items placed in bins – condone cumulative totals
for M1 only (the values in bold)
b1A1: CSO (so no additional/repeated values)

c1M1: Quick sort, pivot, p, chosen (must be choosing middle left or right – choosing first/last item as the
pivot is M0). After the first pass the list must read (values greater than the pivot), pivot, (values less that the
pivot). If only choosing one pivot per iteration then M1 only

c1A1: First pass correct and next pivots chosen correctly for the second pass (but the second pass does not
need to be correct) – so they must be choosing (if middle right) a pivot values of 18 and 10 for the second
pass or (if middle left) a pivot value of 14
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
c2A1ft: Second and third passes correct (follow through from their first pass and choice of pivots). They do
not need to be choosing a pivot for the fourth pass for this mark
c3A1: CSO (correct solution only – all previous marks in this part must have been awarded) including if
middle right a fourth pass with the 15 and 7 used as pivots or if middle left a fifth pass with the 8 used as a
pivot

Sorting list into ascending order in (c)

 If the candidate sorts the list into ascending order and reverses the list in this part then this can
score full marks in (c)
 If the list is not reversed in (c) but stated in ascending or descending order in (d) then remove the
last two A marks earned in (c). If the candidate says that the list needs reversing in (c) but does not
actually show the reversed list in (c) then remove the last A mark earned
 Note that if sorting into ascending order then a ‘sort complete’ statement is required – this
could be shown by the final list being re-written or ‘sorted’ statement or each item being used
as a pivot (which would therefore mean that the final list would have been written twice)
BEFORE list is reversed

Middle right ascending Middle left ascending

(requires sort complete statement– see above) (requires sort complete statement – see above)

8 17 9 14 18 12 22 10 15 7 8 17 9 14 18 12 22 10 15 7
8 9 10 7 12 17 14 18 22 15 8 17 9 14 12 10 15 7 18 22
8 9 7 10 12 17 14 15 18 22 8 9 12 10 7 14 17 15 18 22
8 7 9 10 12 14 17 15 18 22 8 9 10 7 12 14 15 17 18 22
7 8 9 10 12 14 15 17 18 22 8 7 9 10 12 14 15 17 18 22
7 8 9 10 12 14 15 17 18 22

d1M1: First six items placed correctly and at least eight items placed in bins – condone cumulative totals
for M1 only (the values in bold)
d1A1: CSO (so no additional/repeated values)

e1M1: Correct three pairings of the correct four odd nodes (B, C, G and H)
e1A1: Any one row correct including pairings and totals
e2A1: All three rows correct including pairings and totals
e3A1: CAO correct arcs clearly stated: BE, CE, GI and HI – must be these arcs and not e.g. BEC, GIH, or
BC via E, etc.

f1B1: Any correct route (checks: 21 vertices, starting and ending at A, BE, CE, GI and HI appearing twice,
A(2), B(2), C(2), D(1), E(3), F(2), G(2), H(2), I(3), J(2))
f2B1ft: For 227.2 + their smallest repeat out of a choice of at least two totals seen in (e) – this mark is
dependent on M1 in (e)

g1B1: CAO (C)

g2B1: CAO (25.7) – note that the correct answer can come from incorrect working e.g. 11.2 + 14.5 = 25.7
is B0 (just adding BE and EC together) so this answer need to be checked carefully – correct method is
51.2 – (10.3 + 15.2) (subtracting BF and FG from 51.2) but give bod on a correct answer of 25.7 with no
working
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
The dummy from event 2 to event 3 is required because activity F (or G) relies
4.(a)(i) B1
on activity A and B but activity D (or E) relies on activity A only
(ii) The dummy from event 6 to event 7 is required as otherwise activities J and K B1 (2)
(which both begin at event 4) would end at the same event
(b)

M1

A1

M1

A1 (4)

(c) Minimum completion time: 26 (hours) B1

Critical activities: A, D, I and M B1 (2)
(d) The early event time at event 7 is (the larger of) 12 or 9 + x M1 A1
The late event time at event 7 would then be either 15 or 9 + x A1 (3)
(e) x  10 B1 (1)
12 marks
Notes for Question 4
In (a) any use of the terms ‘activity’ and ‘event’ must be correct

ai1B1: CAO dependency - all relevant activities must be referred to - activities A and B and one of D or E
and one of F or G (so four activities) must be mentioned
aii1B1: CAO uniqueness – please note that, for example, ‘so that activities can be defined uniquely’ is not
sufficient to earn this mark. There must be some mention of describing activities in terms of the event at
each end. However, give bod on statements that imply that an activity begins and ends at the same event
(for this mark candidates do not need to explicitly mention activities J and K)

b1M1: All top boxes complete, values in the top boxes generally increasing in the direction of the arrows
(‘left to right’), condone one ‘rogue’ value (if values do not increase in the direction of the arrows then if
one value is ignored and then the values do increase in the direction of the arrows then this is considered to
be only one rogue value)
b1A1: CAO for the top boxes
b2M1: All bottom boxes complete, values generally decreasing in the opposite direction of the arrows
(‘right to left’), condone one rogue. Condone missing 0 and/or their 26 (at the end event) for the M only
b2A1: CAO for the bottom boxes

c1B1: CAO (26)

c2B1: CAO (A, D, I and M only)
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
di1M1: One of 12 or 9 + x as the early event time for event 7
di1A1: Both correct answers 12, 9 + x (A0 if ‘linked’ in some way e.g. 12 > 9 + x but bod for the M mark)
dii2A1: Both correct answers of 15, 9 + x for the late event time for event 7

e1B1: CAO (10)

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
5. (a) 5 y  3z M1 A1 (2)
(b) The total number of shirts must be at least 250 B1
At most 20% of all the shirts should be small M1 A1 (3)
(c) (Minimise) 6 x  10 y  15 z B1 (1)
(d)(i) z  150  x  y  100 M1
y  90
4 x  y  150 A1

(d)(ii)

B1

B1

B1

B1 (6)

(e) Correct objective line B1

V correctly labelled B1 (2)
(f) 50 small and 50 medium shirts B1
Cost = £3050 B1 (2)
(g) x  50, y  75  z  125 therefore minimum number of large shirts is 125 M1
This leads to a cost of £2925 which is less than the cost in (f) A1 (2)
18 marks
Notes for Question 5
a1M1: Correct method: 5 y 3z where is any inequality or equals. An exact equivalent answer (with or
without integer coefficients) can score M1 or M1 for 3 y  5 z only
a1A1: CAO (or equivalent e.g. k  5 y  3z  where k is any positive integer only)
b1B1: CAO oe e.g. the minimum number of shirts is 250 is fine for this mark (note that they must imply
that the total number (and not one particular brand of shirt) is at least 250)
b1M1: Three of ‘at most’, ‘20%’, ‘all’ and ‘small’ (allow equivalents e.g. fifth or 0.2 for 20%) allow those
who imply ‘all’ provided that it is clear that they aren’t talking about one particular brand only
b1A1: CAO (o.e. e.g. the number of small shirts is less than or equal to a fifth of the total number of shirts,
the number of small shirts is at most 20% of all the shirts sold) – give bod of these that clearly imply ‘all’
provided that they aren’t talking about only one particular brand. Do not allow statements which contain use
of 0.2 or 15 for this mark, e.g. the number of small shirts is at most 0.2 of all the shirts is A0
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
c1B1: Expression correct (or 600 x  1000 y  1500 z )
di1M1: Eliminating z from all their inequalities by using the substitution z = 150 – accept unsimplified
(e.g. x  y  150  250, x  0.2  x  y  150 and their 5 y  3 150 )
di1A1: CAO e.g. x  y  100, 4 x  y  150,5 y  450 (oe) - all constraints must be correct with integer
coefficients but allow positive multiplies – ignore x  0, y  0 but any other additional constraints is A0 –
allow recovery in this part if y  90 (oe) seen in (d) even if their 5 y  3 z is incorrect in (a)

In (d), lines must be long enough to define the correct feasible region and would pass through one small
square of the points stated:

x  y  100 must pass within one small square of its intersection with the axes – (0, 100) and (100, 0)
y  90 must pass within one small square of its intersection with the y-axis and (60, 90)
4 x  y  150 must pass within one small square of (37.5, 0) and (60, 90)

dii1B1: Any one line correctly drawn

dii2B1: Any two lines correctly drawn
dii3B1: All three lines correctly drawn
dii4B1: Region, R, correctly labelled – not just implied by shading – dependent on scoring the three
previous B marks in this part

e1B1: Drawing the correct objective line on the graph with gradient of –0.6. Line must be correct to within
one small square if extended from axis to axis. If line is shorter than (0, 6) to (10, 0) then B0
e2B1: V correctly labelled – note that this mark is dependent on the correct feasible region in (d) (so must
have scored at least B1B1B1B0) and the previous B mark in (e)

f1B1: CAO – must be in context (50 small and 50 medium and not for x = y = 50) note that this mark is
dependent on the correct feasible region in (d) (so must have scored at least B1B1B1B0 in (d)) and the first
B mark (for a correct objective line) in (e)
f2B1: CAO (3050) – units not required - note that this mark is dependent on the correct feasible region in
(d) (so must have scored at least B1B1B1B0 in (d)) and the first B mark (for a correct objective line) in (e)
– condone if stated/seen in (g)

g1M1:Substitute to obtain the correct value for z of 125 (accept z  125 or >) – if no method allow 125
seen but M0 if 125 found but a different value of z stated and subsequently used
g1A1: Correct cost (2925) and dependent on the final B mark in (f)
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

M1

A1
6.(a)
A1

A1

A1 (5)

(b) Critical path: A – E – K B1 (1)

(c) First critical path: C – H – I – M B1
Second critical path: C – H – I – L B1 (2)
8 marks
Notes for Question 6
Condone lack of, or incorrect, numbered events throughout. ‘Dealt with correctly’ means that the activity
starts from the correct event but need not necessarily finishes at the correct event, e.g. ‘F dealt with
correctly’ requires the correct precedences for this activity, i.e. A, B and C labelled correctly and leading
into the same node and F starting from that node but do not consider the end event for F. Activity on node
is M0

If an arc is not labelled, for example, if the arc for activity G is not labelled (but the arc is present) then this
will lose the second A mark and the final (CSO) A mark – they can still earn the third A mark on the bod. If
two or more arcs are not labelled then mark according to the scheme. Assume that a solid line is an activity
which has not been labelled rather than a dummy (even if in the correct place for where a dummy should
be)
Ignore incorrect or lack of arrows on the activities for the first four marks only

a1M1: At least eight activities (labelled on arc), one start and at least two dummies placed
a1A1: Activities A, B, C, first two dummies (+ correct arrows on these two dummies) and D dealt with
correctly – the first two dummies are those that meet at the end of activity B
a2A1: Activities E, F, G, H and I dealt with correctly
a3A1: Activities J, K, L and M and 3rd dummy (+ correct arrow on this dummy) dealt with correctly – the
3rd dummy is the one that begins at the end of activity G
a4A1: CSO – Final dummy + arrow, all arrows correctly placed for each activity with one finish and no
additional dummies. Note that this is not a unique solution e.g. J and K could be interchanged, or the
dummy could come immediately after E, etc. so please check these carefully. Please check all arcs
carefully for arrows – if there are no arrows on dummies then M1 only.
Note that additional (but unnecessary) ‘correct’ dummies that still maintain precedence for the
network should only be penalised with the final A mark if earned

b1B1: CAO (A, E and K only)

c1B1: One correct path (with at most three paths stated)

c2B1: Both correct with no others
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