UNIT-1

1. a) State the effects of suction pressure and discharge pressure on performance of

vapour compression system?
b) A simple saturation cycle using F12 is designed for taking a load of 10 tons. The
refrigerator and ambient temperatures are -1 0C and 300C respectively. A minimum temperature
difference of 50C is required in evaporator and condenser for heat transfer. Find:
i) Mass flow rate through the system
ii) Power required in kw.
iii) Cylinder dimensions assuming L/D = 1.2 for single cylinder, single acting compressor if it
runs at 300 r.p.m. with volumetric efficiency = 0.9.
2. a) Why refrigeration is required in Aircrafts? [3M]
b) Name principle components of a vapour compression refrigeration cycl
3 a) what is the difference between Refrigeration & Air Conditioning? [3M]
b) Draw the line diagram of simple vapour compression refrigeration system.
4 a) under what circumstances super heating of refrigerant vapour before compression is
objectionable?
b) A single compressor using R-12 as refrigerant has three evaporators of capacity 30TR,
20TR and10TR.The temperature in the three evaporators is to be maintained at -10 oC, 5oC and 10oC
respectively. The condenser pressure is 9.609 bar. The liquid refrigerant leaving the condenser is sub-
cooled to 30oC. The vapour leaving the evaporators is dry and saturated. Assuming isentropic
compression, calculate
i) The mass of refrigerant flowing through each evaporator;
ii) The power required to drive the compressor; and
iii) C.O.P. of the system.
c) Explain the different method of improving the COP of simple compression refrigeration cycle.
1. a) Explain the effect of evaporator pressure and condenser pressure on the performance of vapour
compression refrigeration system using P-h diagram.
b) A four cylinder, single acting R-12 compressor 30 cm x 40 cm runs at 960 rpm. The
compressor clearance factor is 0.03 and the law of compression pV 1.1=C. the operating
pressures for the vapour compression refrigeration system are: 8.47 bar (35 0C) and 1.004 bar
(-300C). The refrigerant temperatures are: entering the compressor -20 0C, leaving the
 compressor 500C; entering the condenser 450C, leaving the condenser 250C, entering the
expansion valve 300C and leaving the evaporator dry saturated. Assuming that heat removed
in the compressor is 25 kJ/sec. calculate:
i)The refrigerating capacity ii)The compressor power iii)COP
iv)Mass of condensing cooling water assuming the rise in temperature to be 10 0C
v)Also tabulate energy balance for 1 kg of refrigerant.
2. a) What is refrigeration? Define one ton of refrigeration. [3M]
b) Represent ideal vapour compression refrigeration system on T-S and P-h diagrams. [4M]
c) Discuss the operation of capillary tube in a refrigeration system.
1. a) Explain the term ``Tonne of refrigeration ``. [4M]
b) Why in practice a throttle valve is used in vapour compression refrigerator rather than an
expansion cylinder to reduce pressure between the condenser and the evaporator?
3. a) Discuss the effect of sub-cooling on COP. Would you desire large sub-cooling and why?
b) A refrigerating plant using CO2 as refrigerant works between 250C and -50C. The
dryness fraction of CO2 is 0.6 at the entry of the compressor. Find the ice formed per day if
the ice is formed at 00C and from the water at 100C. Quantity of CO2 circulated=10 kg/min.
Take relative efficiency=0.6. Take C p (water) = 4.2 kJ/kg, latent heat of ice=335kJ/kg.
UNIT-2
1. Write short notes on the types of refrigeration compressors.
2. What are the advantages of multistage compressor?
3. Write a short note on screw compressor.
4. State different types of compressors used in refrigerators. Explain any two compressors
with their salient features.
5. Briefly explain the working of two stage compression with water intercooler.

UNIT-3

1. Derive an equation of COP for Bell-Coleman Air-refrigerator show different processes on P-V
and T-S Diagram
2. Briefly explain with constructional features and working of Practical vapour absorption
refrigeration system.
3. Explain the working principle of vortex tube. Prove that the energy exchange phenomenon in
vortex tube is not a violation of second law of thermodynamics.
4. An air refrigerator working on Bell-Coleman cycle takes in air at 1 bar and at a temperature of
100 C. The air is compressed to 5 bar abs. The same is cooled to 25 0 C in the cooler before
expanding in the expansion cylinder to cold chamber pressure of 1 bar. The compression and
expansion laws followed are pv1.35 = C and pv1.3 = C respectively. Determine C.O.P of the plant
and net refrigeration effect per kg of air. Take Cp = 1.009 kJ/kg K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K for air.

5. Show that the coefficient of performance of an air cycle system is only a function of pressure
ratio.
6. Explain Steam jet refrigeration system with neat system diagram and T-S or P-H diagram.
7. What are desirable characteristics of absorbent and absorbent refrigerant combination in vapour
absorption refrigeration cycle?
8. Explain Boot-strap air refrigeration system with neat diagram.
9. A Refrigerator working on Bell-Coleman cycle takes air into the compressor at 1 bar and – 5 C. It0

is compressed in compressor to a 5 bar and cooled to 25 0C at the same pressure. It is further expanded
in the expander to 1 bar and discharged to take cooling load. The isentropic efficiency of the
compressor = 85% and the isentropic efficiency of the Expander = 90% find the following:
i) Refrigerating capacity of the system if air circulation is 40kg/min.
ii) KW capacity of motor required to run the compressor
iii) COP of the system. Take ᵞ =1.4 Cp =1kJ/kg Cv = 0.7 kJ/kg for air
10. A machine working on a Carnot cycle operates between 305K and 260 K. Determine the
COP when it is operated as
i) Refrigerator ii) Heat pump and iii) Heat engine
11. Explain the principle and operation of thermo-electric refrigerator with neat sketches.
12. Explain with neat sketch working of Electrolux Refrigerator also explain significance of
Hydrogen used in system.
13. State main applications of Refrigeration. Explain Ice making plant with a suitable diagram. [4M]
14. A dense air refrigeration machine operating on Bell-Coleman cycle works between 3.4 bar and 17
bar. The temperature of air after the cooler is 15 oC and after refrigeration is 6 oC, for a refrigeration
capacity of 6 tons
Calculate:
i)Temperature after compression and expansion
ii)Air circulation required in cycle per minute
iii) Work of compression and expansion
 iv)Theoretical COP
v) Rate of water circulation required in the cooler in Kg/min if rate of temperature rise is limited to
30oC
15. The speed of an air craft flying at an altitude of 8000m, where the ambient air is at 0.341 bar
pressure and 263K temperature is 900km/h. The compression ratio of the air compressor is 5. The
cabin pressure is 1.01325 bar and the temperature is 27 0C. For 1kg/s flow of air ,determine following
i) Power requirement for pressurization excluding ram work
ii) Refrigerating effect
iii) Power required for refrigeration excluding ram work
16. Mention the advantages of the vapour absorption refrigeration system. [8M]
17. Describe with neat sketch Li-Br and water system. What are its limitations?
18. Explain Boot strap evaporative cooling air refrigeration system. Draw its schematic and
represent the processes on T-S diagram. Write down the equations for calculating mass flow rate,
power and COP of the system.
19An air craft moving with speed of 1000 km/h uses simple gas refrigeration cycle for air
conditioning. The ambient pressure and temperature are 0.35 bar and -10 0C respectively. The
pressure ratio of compressor is 4.5. The heat exchanger effectiveness is 0.95. The isentropic
efficiencies of compressor and expander are 0.8 each. The cabin pressure and temperature are
1.06 bar and 250C. Determine temperature and pressures at all points of the cycle. Also find the
volume flow rate through compressor inlet and expander outlet for 100 TR. Take C P=1.005 kJ/kg
K; R=0.287 kJ/kg K and CP/CV=1.4 for air.
20. Explain with a neat sketch, the working of a vortex tube?
21. State the advantages and disadvantages of Electrolux refrigerator over conventional
refrigerators.
UNIT-4

1. Explain the difference between comfort air-conditioning and industrial air-conditioning.

2. Define the term `` effective temperature `` and explain its importance in air-conditioning
system. Describe the factors which affect effective temperature.

3. Define room sensible heat factor. How room sensible heat factor line is drawn on the
psychometric chart? [8M]
4. Explain in brief as to how the human body reacts to changes in temperature of environment.
Also explain the effect of activities on the heat load calculation for comfort application

5. Explain the procedure to draw a grand sensible heat factor line on a psychometric chart. What
do you understand by effective room sensible heat factor? [8M]

6. Why ventilation is required? Explain why different ventilation standards for different purposes
are recommended?

7. Explain the concept of effective sensible heat factor for room to be air conditioned. How is it
useful to find the ADP for fixed room design condition? [8M]

8. Define the `` human comfort `` and explain the factors which affect human comfort.

9. What is an effective temperature? State and explain the factors which govern optimum
effective temperature? [7M]

10. The following data apply to an air conditioning system: Room sensible heat =41868
kJ/hr(11.63 kW); room latent heat=41868 kJ/hr(11.63kW); inside design condition= 250C, 50%
RH, outside design condition=350C,DBT, 27.8 WBT. Return air from the room is mixed with
the outside air before entering the cooling coil in the ratio of 4:1. Return air from the room is
mixed with the cooling air, i.e. after the cooling coil in the ratio of 1:4. Cooling coil by pass
factor is 0.1. The air may be reheated if necessary before supplying to the conditioned space.
Assume ADP as 100C and determine, i) Supply air conditions into the room ii) Refrigeration
load due to the reheat iii) Total refrigeration capacity iv) The quantity of fresh air supplied.

11. Explain in brief, an adiabatic saturation process. Represent the same on a psychometric chart.

12. State and explain various heat loads to be considered for cooling load calculations of a
typical building [6M]

13. A small office hall of 25 persons capacity is provided with summer air conditioning system
with the following data: Outside conditions = 340C DBT and 280 C WBT Inside conditions =
240 C DBT and 50 % RH Volume of air supplied = 0.4 m3 /min/person Sensible heat load in
room = 125600 kJ/h Latent heat load in the room = 42000 kJ/h. Find the sensible heat factor of
the plant.
14. Explain the following terms briefly : i) Dew point temperature ii)Psychometric [4M] f) What
do you mean by humidification?

15. Define Air-conditioning. Classify air-conditioning system Explain Central air conditioning
system [6M] 16. Following data is available for an air conditioning system comprising of filter,
cooling coil, fan and distribution system using only fresh air for the purpose of maintaining
comfort conditions in summer. RSH = 11.63 KW, RLH = 2.33 KW. Outside design condition:
28°C DBT, 20°C WBT. Inside design condition: 21°C DBT, 50% RH. Temperature of air
entering the room = 11°C. Calculate i) RSHF ii) Coil bypass factor iii) Rate of flow of air kg/hr.
iv) Load on cooling

17. Explain the following terms briefly: i)Comfort Air conditioning ii) Relative humidity [4M] f)
What do you mean by dehumidification? [4M]

18. Define Effective Temperature. Explain various factors governing effective temperature. [8M]
b) A circular duct of 40cm is selected to carry in air-conditioned space at a velocity of 440
m/min to keep noise level at a desired level. If this duct is to be replace by a rectangular duct of
aspect ratio of 1.5 find out size of a rectangular duct for equal friction method i) When velocity
of air in two duct is same ii) The discharge rate of air in two duct is same

19. Explain the procedure to construct a RSHF line on a psychometric chart.

20. Explain the procedure for calculating cooling load due to infiltration air. [6M] b) A summer
air –conditioning system for a small office building is to be designed. The design is to be based
on the following information: Outside design condition 35oC Tdb ,28oC Twb Inside design
condition 26oC Tdb, 50% RH Room sensible heat gain 45 kW Room latent heat gain 9 kW
Ventilation air 0.95 m3 /s A four row direct expansion refrigerant 134a coil with bypass factor of
0.2 is to be used. Analyze the problem on a psychometric chart and determine the following:
i)The room apparatus dew point(ADP) ii)The temperature of the air leaving the coil iii)The total
quality of air required(m3 /s)

UNIT-5
1. Explain the features required for the proper selection of a fan for a given application?
2. Describe a centrifugal fan with the help of a neat sketch?
3. Explain in detail about heat pump circuits?
4. What is the function of a fan in an air conditioning system?
5. Explain the various types of axial flow fans.
6. Explain the case of heat pump for heating and cooling cycle with neat diagram.
7. Make the arrangement of heat pump when it is used for year round air conditioning.
8. Make the arrangement of heat pump when it is used for year round air conditioning.
9. Give the classification of fans.
10. Explain the use of HEAT PUMP for heating and cooling cycle with neat diagram.
11. Explain in detail different components of fans?
12. Explain selection of the fan using fan characteristic curve.
13. Explain in detail, the filters used in air conditioning systems?
14. Explain the use of heat pump for heating and cooling cycle with a neat diagram?
15. Classify Air conditioning systems.
16. Classify Fan used in air-conditioning system. Explain selection of the Fan using fan
characteristic curve.
17. A circular duct of 40 cm is selected to carry air in an air conditioned space at a velocity of 440
m/min to keep the noise level at desired level. If this duct is replaced by a rectangular duct of
aspect ratio of 1.5, find out the size of rectangular duct for equal friction method when i) the
velocity of air in two ducts is same, ii) the discharge rate of air in two ducts is same.
18. What do you mean by humidification?
19. What are different methods used for design of the ducts and explain advantages of each over
other.
20. Discuss about the performance of heat pump when used with different sources of heat. State
advantages and disadvantages in each case.
21. What do you mean by dehumidification?
22. With neat sketch explain construction and working of any one type of humidifier.
23. Fan gives a static pressure of 290 Pa with a velocity of 800 m/min at its outlet while delivering a
quantity of 120 m3 / min of air. The inlet static pressure and velocity are 200 Pa and 500m/min
respectively. Calculate i) Total head developed ii) Power required if fan mechanical efficiency =
75%.
24. Write the major functions of grills and registers in air conditioning systems.
25. Explain in brief the following: i) Filters ii) Humidifiers used in air conditioning systems.
26. With line diagram explain Central Air-conditioning system of any multi storey building