The Same Results Happened With The Oil of Wintergreen. The Translucent Spot Did Not Disappear

Experiment #3
Tests for the Presence of Lipids
Name: Zerimar A. Dela Cruz Date: 10/02/20

Ian Malapitan
Year/Section: BN1E
Date Performed:
Objectives: To study some properties of lipids and reactions used in their identification.
Materials/Apparatus: test tubes, Bunsen burner, test tube holder, transfer pipets, pH
sticks, bond paper, vegetable oil, oil of wintergreen, distilled water, alcohol, dilute HCl,
dilute NaOH, ether, chloroform, acetone, KHSO4, glycerol, lecithin, oleic acid, stearic
acid, olive oil, coconut oil, Hubl’s solution, bile salts
Procedure:
A. Properties of Lipids
1. Solubility
Determine the solubility of vegetable oil in 1 mL of the following solvent:
Solvent Solubility with Vegetable Oil
Water Not Soluble
Dilute HCl Not Soluble
Dilute NaOH Not Soluble
Chloroform Soluble
Cold Alcohol Not Soluble
Hot Alcohol Not Soluble
Ether Soluble
Acetone Soluble
2. Formation of a Translucent Spot

Place one drop of vegetable oil on a piece of ordinary bond paper. Note the formation of
a semi-transparent spot. Allow the oil to evaporate spontaneously. Does the translucent
spot disappear?
- Translucent Spot will not disappear because oil evaporates very slowly.
Repeat the same procedure using the oil of wintergreen instead of vegetable oil. Note the
difference in the results.
- The same results happened with the oil of wintergreen. The translucent spot did not
disappear.
3. Reaction to Litmus Paper

Test the reaction of fresh vegetable oil with red and blue litmus papers previously
moistened with water. What is the reaction? Allow the oil to stand uncovered until the
nest laboratory period and test again with litmus paper. Is there any change in the
reaction?
Both blue and red litmus paper had no reaction.Red paper that does not change color
indicates the sample is an acid. Blue paper that does not change color indicates the
sample is a base.Acids and bases refer only to aqueous (water-based) solutions, so pH
paper won't change color in non-aqueous liquids such as vegetable oil.
B. Reaction of Lipids
1. Acrolein Test
SAMPLE REACTION TO KHSO4
Glycerol Strong odor
Vegetable oil Strong odor
Lecithin Strong odor
Oleic Acid Strong odor
Note: Irritating odor is present when there is a detection of glycerol or fat. All of the
samples has resulted to a strong odor, therefore all of them consists of fat.
2. Test for Unsaturation

SAMPLE REACTION NUMBER OF DROPS
Olive oil Violet Color (Saturated) Several drops
Oleic acid Violet Color (Saturated) 1
Stearic Acid Violet Color (Saturated) 1
Coconut oil Violet Color (Saturated) 1
Note: Oleic acid, Stearic Acid, and Coconut oil needed 1 drop to absorb the Iodine that
implies that they have saturated fat, while olive oil needs several drops to absorb the
iodine.
3. Emulsification Test
TEST TUBE RESULTS
Test tube 1: 1 mL olive oil + 5 drops of
Presence of lipids
0.1% bile salts
Test tube 2: 1 mL olive oil + 5 drops of
Presence of lipids
water and a tiny crystal of cholesterol
Test tube 3: 1 mL olive oil + 5 drops of Presence of lipids
1%
aqueous lecithin
4. Lieberman-Burchardor Acetic Anhydride Reaction
SAMPLE REACTION
Bile Salt Light Yellow
Cholesterol Dark Brown to Black Color
Discussion and Conclusion:
-Lipids are naturally occurring substances that are arbitrarily grouped together on the
basis of their insolubility in water (a polar solvent) and solubility in non polar solvents.
Lipids include a wide variety of different substances, but are commonly subdivided into
several classes based on structural similarities. In the experiments, it was shown how
lipids are present by the reaction such as change of color, strong odor, translucent test
and under the microscope. Therefore, I conclude that lipids shows changes with the use
various chemicals and tests.
Questions:
1. What common characteristics do lipids possess?
-There is only one characteristic that is common to all lipids, and that is their inability to
dissolve in water. They will, however, dissolve in a variety of organic solvents, such as
benzene, acetone, alcohol, carbon tetra-chloride,and chloroform. This single
commonality is generally used to classify something as a lipid.
2. What is an emulsion?
-An emulsion is a colloid of two or more immiscible liquids where one liquid contains
a dispersion of the other liquids. In other words, an emulsion is a special type of
mixture made by combining two liquids that normally don't mix. The word emulsion
comes from the Latin word meaning "to milk" (milk is one example of an emulsion
of fat and water). The process of turning a liquid mixture into an emulsion is
called emulsification. (put citation here)
3. How are emulsions stabilized?

-The traditional approach to emulsion stabilization is to consider either the oil droplets or
water droplets to be covered by a homogenous layer of a surfactant giving rise to stable
oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions. Both ionic and nonionic surfactants are used for
this purpose.

The Same Results Happened With The Oil of Wintergreen. The Translucent Spot Did Not Disappear

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Experiment #3

Tests for the Presence of Lipids

Name: Zerimar A. Dela Cruz Date: 10/02/20

2. Formation of a Translucent Spot

3. Reaction to Litmus Paper

2. Test for Unsaturation

4. Lieberman-Burchardor Acetic Anhydride Reaction

Discussion and Conclusion:

3. How are emulsions stabilized?

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