Chapter 28 Bouguer and Isostatic Maps of The Central Andes PDF
Chapter 28 Bouguer and Isostatic Maps of The Central Andes PDF
This volume and accompanying DVD contain the results Prior to the SFB 267, the gravity research group began
of twenty years of gravity research in the Central Andes working in 1982 on a long-term gravity project in close
(18–44° S). Our research was concentrated on two re- cooperation with the Universidad Católica del Norte
gions: the central and south-Central Andes, located be- (G. Chong, Antofagasta, Chile), the Universidad de Chile
tween 20 and 26° S and 37 and 42° S, respectively. The (M. Araneda, Santiago, Chile) and the Universidad Nacio-
authors are of the opinion that a set of maps covering nál de Salta (J. Viramonte and R. Ornarini, Salta, Argen-
these two segments would be a useful accompaniment tina), with additional support from governmental insti-
to this final volume. These gravity maps not only pro- tutions and the Chilean and Argentinean oil and mining
vide a better understanding of those papers dealing with industries: We were aiming to construct a new gravity data
the two regions, but also bridge the gap between surface base in the Andes for the area covering Northern Chile,
geology and the lithospheric structures evidenced by north-western Argentina, Southern Chile and Northern
these maps. Patagonia by collecting and updating already existing
During the early research activities of the SFB 267, measurements and completing them by additional field
an initial set of gravity maps were compiled at a scale measurements.
of 1 : 1 000 000 (Reutter and Götze 1994). These maps From 1982 to 2002, some 15 000 gravity measurements
played an important role in interdisciplinary inter- were made and with all the reprocessed, older industry data
pretation when the first results of geophysical field- included, there is now a database of about 220 000 gravity
work became available. Maps and cross sections con- values available, with satellite altimetry gravity extra to
taining both geological and geophysical data were drawn this. The usual spacing of the stations was approximately
to common scales so that the results of the different 5 km along all passable tracks, although there is consid-
disciplines within the research group could be directly erably higher station density in some local areas. The data
compared. sources used, besides our own measurements, are:
These early gravity maps were completed and up-
dated for publication in this volume. The resolution Universidad de Chile/Servicios Geofísicos En Ingeniería
of the data sets enables both general overviews and (SEGMI), M. Araneda, Santiago, Chile
more detailed maps of regional anomalies. It also Instituto Geográfico Militar (IGM), La Paz, (Bolivia)
provides sufficient insight into important local fea- Geodetic Institute of the University of Buenos Aires
tures at a practical map size. The original (non-confi- REPSOL-YPF, Buenos Aires (National Oil Company of
dential) and gridded data sets used for the gravity Argentina)
maps are included among the data files of the accompa- YPFB, Santa Cruz (National Oil Company of Bolivia)
nying DVD. Empresa Nacional de Petróleo (ENAP), Santiago, Chile
Corporación Nacional del Cobre (Codelco), Santiago,
Chile
28.2 The Gravity Maps of the Central Andes Shipborne data from offshore Chile (SPOC and CINCA
(18–44°S) experiments)
Satellite altimetry (Danish National Geodetic Centre,
We provide station-complete, Bouguer gravity- and formerly KMS)
isostatic-anomaly maps (Vening-Meinesz model of Copenhagen, Denmark (Andersen and Knudsen 1998);
isostasy). http://manicoral.kms.dk/GRAVITY/)
556 Sabine Schmidt · Hans-Jürgen Götze
Free-air anomaly: FA = gabs + δgh – γ Fig. 28.1. Bouguer anomaly onshore and free-air anomaly offshore
Chapter 28 · Bouguer and Isostatic Maps of the Central Andes 557
graphic correction were based on the USGS digital el- anomaly offshore has been replaced by the Bouguer
evation model gtopo30 (http://lpdaac.usgs.gov/gtopo30/ anomaly.
gtopo30.asp).
Fig. 28.2. Bouguer anomaly on- and offshore Fig. 28.3. Isostatic residual anomaly
558 Sabine Schmidt · Hans-Jürgen Götze