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    Piping PDF

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    Ezekiel
    This document discusses the mechanical design of piping systems. It covers topics such as wall thickness, pipe fittings, welded and flanged joints, screwed joints, pipe support, and pipe size selection. The key points are: 1. Schedule 40 pipe is commonly used for general purpose applications at low pressure. Pipe size selection involves considering factors like flow rate, pressure drop, fluid velocity, and cost. 2. Piping systems must be designed to avoid imposing unacceptable stresses on connected equipment. Loads from thermal expansion, weight, pressure drop, ancillary equipment, and vibration must be considered. 3. Flexibility is incorporated using bends, loops, expansion loops, and bellows to absorb thermal expansion in

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    Piping PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ezekiel
    70 views29 pages
    This document discusses the mechanical design of piping systems. It covers topics such as wall thickness, pipe fittings, welded and flanged joints, screwed joints, pipe support, and pipe size selection. The key points are: 1. Schedule 40 pipe is commonly used for general purpose applications at low pressure. Pipe size selection involves considering factors like flow rate, pressure drop, fluid velocity, and cost. 2. Piping systems must be designed to avoid imposing unacceptable stresses on connected equipment. Loads from thermal expansion, weight, pressure drop, ancillary equipment, and vibration must be considered. 3. Flexibility is incorporated using bends, loops, expansion loops, and bellows to absorb thermal expansion in

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    This document discusses the mechanical design of piping systems. It covers topics such as wall thickness, pipe fittings, welded and flanged joints, screwed joints, pipe support, and pipe size selection. The key points are: 1. Schedule 40 pipe is commonly used for general purpose applications at low pressure. Pipe size selection involves considering factors like flow rate, pressure drop, fluid velocity, and cost. 2. Piping systems must be designed to avoid imposing unacceptable stresses on connected equipment. Loads from thermal expansion, weight, pressure drop, ancillary equipment, and vibration must be considered. 3. Flexibility is incorporated using bends, loops, expansion loops, and bellows to absorb thermal expansion in

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views29 pages

    Piping PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ezekiel
    This document discusses the mechanical design of piping systems. It covers topics such as wall thickness, pipe fittings, welded and flanged joints, screwed joints, pipe support, and pipe size selection. The key points are: 1. Schedule 40 pipe is commonly used for general purpose applications at low pressure. Pipe size selection involves considering factors like flow rate, pressure drop, fluid velocity, and cost. 2. Piping systems must be designed to avoid imposing unacceptable stresses on connected equipment. Loads from thermal expansion, weight, pressure drop, ancillary equipment, and vibration must be considered. 3. Flexibility is incorporated using bends, loops, expansion loops, and bellows to absorb thermal expansion in

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    of 29

    Mechanical Design of

    Piping Systems
    ChE 515
    Wall Thickness
    Schedule 40 pipe is commonly used for general purpose applications at
    low pressure.
    Example 5.5
    Estimate the safe working pressure for a 4 in. (100 mm)
    dia., schedule 40 pipe, SA53 carbon steel, butt-welded,
    working temperature 100 ºC. The maximum allowable
    stress for butt-welded steel pipe up to 120 ºC is 11,700 lb/
    in (79.6 N/mm ).
    2 2
    Pipe Fittings
    Flanged Joints
    Welded and
    Flanged Joints
    Screwed
    Joints
    Pipe Support
    Piping systems must be designed so as not to
    impose unacceptable stresses on the
    equipment to which they are connected.
    Loads will arise from
    1. Thermal expansion of the pipes and equipment;
    2. The weight of the pipes, their contents,
    insulation, and any ancillary equipment;
    3. The reaction to the fluid pressure drop;
    4. Loads imposed by the operation of ancillary
    equipment, such as relief valves;
    5. Vibration.
    Thermal expansion is a major factor to be
    considered in the design of piping
    systems.

    The reaction load due to pressure drop will


    normally be negligible. The
    dead-weight loads can be carried by properly
    designed supports.
    Flexibility is incorporated into piping systems to absorb the
    thermal expansion.

    A piping system will have a certain amount of flexibility due to


    the bends and loops required by the layout.

    If necessary, expansion loops, bellows, and other special


    expansion devices can be used to take up expansion.
    5.6. PIPE SIZE SELECTION
    If the motive power to drive the fluid through the pipe is
    available free—for instance, when pressure is let down from
    one vessel to another or if there is sufficient head for gravity
    flow—the smallest pipe diameter that gives the required flow
    rate would normally be used.

    If the fluid has to be pumped through the pipe, the size should
    be selected to give the least total annualized cost.
    Typical pipe velocities and allowable
    pressure drops, which can be used to
    estimate pipe sizes, are as follows:
    Rase (1953) gives expressions for design
    velocities in terms of the pipe diameter. His
    expressions, converted to SI units, are:

    where di is the internal diameter in mm.


    The maximum velocity should be kept below that at which erosion is likely to
    occur.

    For gases and vapors, the velocity cannot exceed the critical velocity (sonic
    velocity) and would normally be limited to 30% of the critical velocity.
    Economic Pipe Diameter
    The value of the constant B and the index n depend on the
    pipe material and schedule.

    where the factor F includes the cost of valves, fittings,


    and erection for a typical run of the pipe.
    for turbulent flow in clean commercial steel pipes will be used:
    For small diameter carbon steel pipes
    For small diameter carbon steel pipes

    Because the exponent of the viscosity term is small, its value will change very little
    over a wide range of viscosity:

    A mean value of 0.8 can be substituted to the equation above.


    Taking a mean value of 0.8 for 𝜇 gives the following equations for the optimum diameter
    for turbulent flow:

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