History

The history of Modern Art is mared by the conflict between the

rules and views of the Academy and the innovative methods of
the Modernists. The Academic style wa established duering the
Spanish colonial period and followed the rules of the Spanish,
Italian and French Academies.
 The term “modern art” has come to denote the innovating and even
revolutionary developments in Western painting and the other visual art
since the second half of the 19th Century.
 20th Century Modern Art embraces a wide variety of movements, styles,
theories and attitudes, the modernity of which resides in a common
tendency to repudiate past conventions and precedents in subject matter,
mode of depiction and painting techniques.
 By the mid-19th Century, painting was no longer basically in the service to
either the church or the court but rather was patronized by the upper and
the middle classes of an increasingly materialistic and secularized Western
society.
 The beginnings of modern painting cannot be clearly
demarcated, but it is generally agreed that it started in the mid-19th
Century France. The paintings of Gustav Courbet, Edouard
Manet, and the Impressionists represent a deepening rejection of
the prevailing academic traditions of Neoclassicism and
Romanticism and a quest for a more truthful naturalistic
representation of the visual world. The sepainters’
Postimpressionists successors notably Paul Cezanne, Vincent Van
Gogh, Edgar Degas and Paul Gauguin can be viewed as more
clearly modern in their repudiation of traditional subject matter
and techniques and in their assumption of a more subjective and
personal vision.
• Futurism • Expressionism
• Constructivism • Cubism
 by Pablo Picasso

Picasso’s Girl with a Mandolin is well

recognized as cubism art movement
because of a woman holding a mandolin.
This painting was completed in the year
1910 and was done in muted beige stones.
The painting is a remarkable combination
of realism and cubist techniques.
 by Henri Matisse, 1905
The painting of Henri Matisse depicts his wife,
Amelie. It was painted in 1905 and exhibited at the
Salon d’Automne during the fall of the same year. The
elements of art in Matisse “Woman with a Hat” are
line, shape, color, and texture. The lines of the painting
are soft, natural and textured, and the brushstrokes are
left apparent as opposed to solid, straight lines. The
shape of the painting is very circular. Their rounded
nature emphasizes the humanity and softness of the
woman. Color is the most dominant element of this
piece, as the right and unnatural colors contrast with
the realistic elements of the subject.
 by Pablo Picasso

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon was the Picasso’s first

masterpiece. The painting depicts five naked women with
figures composed on flat, spintered planes and faces inspired
by Iberian sculpture and African masks. The compressed
space the figures inhabit appears to project forward in jagged
shards; a fiercely pointed slice of melon in the still life of
fruit at the bottom of the composition teeters on an
impossibly upturned tabletop. In Picasso’s painting, he makes
a radical departure from traditional European painting by
adaptation of Primitivism and abandonment of perspectives
in favor of a flat, two-dimensional picture plane.
 by Claude Monet

La Promenade in French but it is sometimes

called as The Stroll or Woman with a Parasol-
Madame Monet and Her Son. It is an oil canvass
painting from 1875 and this Impressionists work
by Claude Monet depicts his wife Camille Monet
and their son Jean Monet in the period from 1871
to 1877 while they were living in Argenteuil,
capturing the moment on a stroll on a windy
summer’s day.
The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political
and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages. Generally described as
taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance
promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art. Some of
the greatest thinkers, authors, statesmen, scientists and artists in human
history thrived during this era, while global exploration opened up new lands
and cultures to European commerce. The Renaissance is credited with
bridging the gap between the Middle Ages and modern-day civilization.
 Renaissance
Geniuses

 Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519): Italian painter, architect, inventor, and

“Renaissance man” responsible for painting “The Mona Lisa” and “The
Last Supper.
 Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536): Scholar from Holland who defined
the humanist movement in Northern Europe. Translator of the New
Testament into Greek.
 Rene Descartes (1596–1650): French philosopher and mathematician
regarded as the father of modern philosophy. Famous for stating, “I think;
therefore I am.”
 Galileo (1564-1642): Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer whose pioneering
work with telescopes enabled him to describes the moons of Jupiter and rings of
Saturn. Placed under house arrest for his views of a heliocentric universe.

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543): Mathematician and astronomer who

made first modern scientific argument for the concept of a heliocentric solar
system.
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679): English philosopher and author of
“Leviathan.”
Geoffrey Chaucer (1343–1400): English poet and author of “The
Canterbury Tales.”
Giotto (1266-1337): Italian painter and architect whose more realistic
depictions of human emotions influenced generations of artists. Best known
for his frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua.
Dante (1265–1321): Italian philosopher, poet, writer and political thinker
who authored “The Divine Comedy.”
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527): Italian diplomat and philosopher
famous for writing “The Prince” and “The Discourses on Livy.”
Titian (1488–1576): Italian painter celebrated for his portraits of Pope
Paul III and Charles I and his later religious and mythical paintings like
“Venus and Adonis” and "Metamorphoses.“
William Tyndale (1494–1536): English biblical translator, humanist and
scholar burned at the stake for translating the Bible into English.
William Byrd (1539/40–1623): English composer known for his
development of the English madrigal and his religious organ music.
John Milton (1608–1674): English poet and historian who wrote the epic
poem “Paradise Lost.”
William Shakespeare (1564–1616): England’s “national poet” and the
most famous playwright of all time, celebrated for his sonnets and plays
like “Romeo and Juliet.”
Donatello (1386–1466): Italian sculptor celebrated for lifelike sculptures
like “David,” commissioned by the Medici family.
Sandro Botticelli (1445–1510): Italian painter of “Birth of Venus.”
Raphael (1483–1520): Italian painter who learned from da Vinci and
Michelangelo. Best known for his paintings of the Madonna and “The
School of Athens.”
Michelangelo (1475–1564): Italian sculptor, painter, and architect who
carved “David” and painted The Sistine Chapel in Rome.
 The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait
painting by the Italian artist Leonardo da
Vinci. It is considered an archetypal
masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, and
has been described as "the best known, the
most visited, the most written about, the
most sung about, the most parodied work
of art in the world“.
 The Creation of Adam is a fresco
painting by Italian artist Michelangelo,
which forms part of the Sistine
Chapel's ceiling, painted c. 1508–1512.
It illustrates the Biblical creation
narrative from the Book of Genesis in
which God gives life to Adam, the first
man.
The Last Supper is a late 15th-
century mural painting by
Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci
housed by the refectory of the
Convent of Santa Maria delle
Grazie in Milan, Italy. It is one
of the Western world's most
recognizable paintings.
 In the history of art, Pre-historic art is all art produced in preliterate, Pre-historical
cultures beginning somewhere in very late geological history, and generally continuing
until that culture either develops writing or other methods of record-keeping, or makes
significant contact with another culture and that makes one of the record of major
historical events. At this point ancient art begins, for the older literate cultures. The end-
date for what is covered by the term thus varies greatly between different parts of the
world.
 Prehistoric cave art began between 290,000 BCE and 700,000 BC, a period known as
the lower Palaeolithic Era. The inhabitants at the time, the Cro-Magnon people (early
homo-sapiens), were the first civilized ancestors of the modern European.
 The Time between 300 BCE and the founding
and stabilization of the three kingdoms around
300 CE is characterized artistically and
archeologically by increasing trade with China
and japan, something that Chinese histories of
the time corroborate. The expansionist Chinese
invaded and establish commanders' in northern
Korea as early as the 1st century BCE; they were
driven out by the 4th century CE. The remains
of some of these ,especially that of Lelang, near
modern Pyongyang, have yielded may artifacts
in a typical Han style.
 Prehistoric artwork such as painted pottery in Neolithic China can
be traced back to the Yangshao culture and Longshan culture of the
yellow River Valley. During China's Bronze age, Chinese of the
ancient Shang dynasty and Zhou dynasty produced multitudes of
Chinese ritual bronzes which are elaborate versions of ordinary
vessels and anther objects used in rituals of ancestors veneration,
decorated with taotie motifs and by the late Shang Chinese bronze
inscriptions. Discoveries in 1987 in Sanxing dui in central china
revealed a previously unknown pre-literate Bronze Age culture
whose artifacts included spectacular very large bronze figures
(example left) ,and which appeared culturally very different from the
contemporary late shang, which has always formed part of the
account of the continuous tradition of Chinese culture.
 A Jōmon statue according to archaeological
evidence, the Jōmon people in ancient Japan were
among the first to develop pottery dated from the
11th millennium BCE. With growing
sophistication, the Jōmon created patterns by
impressing the wet clay with braided or upbraided
cord and sticks.
 A war artist is an artist commissioned by a government or publication, on self
motivated to document their first hand experience of war in the form of an illustrative
record or a depiction of how the visual and sensory dimensions of war, often absent in
written histories or other accounts of welfare.
 During world war, the relations between art and war can be articulated around two main
issues. First art (and more generally, culture) found itself at the centre of an ideological
war. Second, during world war, many artist found themselves in the most difficult
conditions (in an accupied country, internet campus, death campus, and their work are a
testimony to a powerful "urge to create" such creative impulse can be interpreted as the
expression of self- preservations, a survival instinct in critical times.
 If we are going to analyze this
picture it is all about the war
between the military and the
civilian. Were, they are forcing
the innocent civilian and shoot
them kill. This are reminds us
of what happened in the history
of world war.
 In this picture we can see the two man, I
think they are also a civilian trying to fight
for freedom and securing the land that
they have. This maybe all about
nationalism. Nationalism is an idea and
movement that promotes the interest of a
particular nation (as in an group of
people), (self- governance) over its
homeland.
In this picture we can see
that they are carrying a
dead body because of the
war.
 The 19th century saw large amounts of social change; slavery was abolished, and the
First and Second Industrial Revolutions (which also overlap with the 18th and 20th
centuries, respectively) led to massive urbanization and much higher levels of
productivity, profit and prosperity.
 By the late 18th century, political and economic changes in Europe were finally beginning
to affect Spain and, thus, the Philippines. Important as a stimulus to trade was the
gradual elimination of the monopoly enjoyed by the galleon to Acapulco. The last
galleon arrived in Manila in 1815, and by the mid-1830s Manila was open to foreign
merchants almost without restriction. The demand for Philippine sugar and abaca
(hemp) grew apace, and the volume of exports to Europe expanded even further after
the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869.
 The neoclassicism is the term for movements in
the arts that draw inspiration from the classical art
and culture of ancient Greece and Roman. Its
subjects matter usually relates to either Grece
Roman history or other cultural attributes. The
movement began around the middle of the 19th
century, marking a time in art history when artists
began to imetate Greek and Roman antiquity and
the artists of the Renaissance. Neoclassicism began
in Rome, as JOHANN JOACHIM
WINCKLEMANA'S thoughts on the imitiation of
Greek Works in painting and sculpture (1750)
played a leading role in establishing the aesthetic
and theory of Neoclassicism.
All the photography must take place before evidence
has the chance to be disturbed. The first use of
forensic photography was in the nineteenth century
by alpahonse Bertallon. This makes him the first
forensic photographer. It is said that Bertallon was
the first to approach a crime scene like a investigator.
Etymology the word "photography" was created
from the Greek roots (photos) genitive of (phos),
light and (graphe) representation by means of lines
or drawing together meaning drawing with light.
Several people may have coined the same new term
from these roots independent.
 Realism is a direct contrast to Romanticism, as
it does not beautify, or make things more
appealing. Romanticism typically shows
fantastical situations, whereas Realism uses facts
to depict ordinary everyday experiences Realism
was an artists movement that began in France
in the 1850s following the 1848 Revolution
Realism reflected Romanticism, which had
dominated French literature and art since the
late 18th century, revolting against the exotic
subject matter and exaggerated emotionalism
of the movement.
THE END