8

Science
Quarter 1- Module 1
Week 1, Law of Inertia and
Law of Acceleration
Science - Grade 8

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 1 - Module 1: Newton’s First and Second Laws of Motion
First Edition, 2020

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Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent

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 8
Science
Quarter 1-Module 2
Week 1, Law of Inertia and
Law of Acceleration

TABLE OF C
3
 Page

COVER PAGE i
COPYRIGHT PAGE ii
TITLE PAGE iii
TABLE OF iv
CONTENTS

Lesson 1 – Law of Inertia 1

Law of Acceleration

What I Need to Know 1

What I Know 2
What’s In 3
What’s New 5
What is It 7
What I Have Learned 9
What I Can Do
11
Assessment
12
Additional Activities
14
References
15

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 Lesson
1 Newton’s Laws of Motion

Quarter : First Quarter

Content Standard : The learners demonstrate understanding Newtons three laws of motion.
Performance Standard : The learners should be able to develop a written
plan and implement a “Newton’s Olympics”
Competency : The learners should be able to investigate the relationship between
the amount of force applied and the mass of the object to the
amount of change of the object’s motion.(S8FE-Ia-15)
Duration : Week 1
Topic : Newton’s Laws of Motion : Law of Inertia and Law of Acceleration

What I Need to Know

Have you ever wondered what makes the animals move the way they do? Why do some
things move faster than the others? When we ride a car why do we have to use seatbelts or
wear helmets in riding motorcycles? Do we really understand why we are asked to do such?
Motion has been a very familiar and common concept to all even before one has learned to
walk. But is our knowledge of the concept enough for us to understand the different kinds of
motion that is happening around us?
In this lesson, you will know the laws governing motion which are known as, Newton’s
Laws of Motion.

Objectives

1. Explain Newton’s first law of motion: Law of Inertia

2. Demonstrate Newton’s first law of motion.
3. Appreciate the concept of Law of Inertia in real life situation
4. Explain Newton’s second law of motion: Law of Acceleration.
5. Solve word problems related to the Law of Acceleration
6. Practice critical thinking skill in analyzing word problems related to the Law of
Acceleration.

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 What I Know
Let’s find out how much you already know about our lesson by answering the questions
below. Take note of the items that you find it difficult to answer and look for the them as you go
through this module.

DIRECTION: Write the letters of your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1.What is the measure of an object’s inertia?

A. acceleration C. mass
B..interaction D. net force
2. Which of the following Laws of Motion best explain why light objects move faster than
heavy objects when applied with equal force?
A.Law of Inertia C. Law of Acceleration
B. Law of Interaction D. Law of Resistance
3. What makes an object placed on top of the table at rest?
A. There are no forces acting on the object.
B. The forces are balanced with zero net force.
C There is friction between the object and the table.
D. The unbalanced force is not enough to move the object.
4.When moving at the same speed , which vehicle could less likely do harm to a tree when it
crashes into it?
A. bicycle B. bus C.motorcycle D.taxi
5.. Which of the following may decrease the acceleration of a jeepney?
A. unloading passengers C.adding loads
B. using powerful engines D. stepping hard on the accelerator
6. What relationship exists between mass and acceleration?
A. direct C. direct square
B. inverse D. inverse square
7.What causes an object to accelerate?
A. acceleration C. mass
B.inertia D. net force
8. Which statement is not true about inertia? It _.
A. increases as the mass increases
B. decreases as the mass increases
C. is the object’s property to resist motion.
D. is present in objects , whether at rest or in motion.
9. Which of these animals has the greatest inertia while at rest?
A.carabao B.cat C.chicken D.pig
10. What Newton’s Law of Motion is the concept behind the wearing of seatbelts while riding in
a car?
A. acceleration C.interaction
B.inertia D.centripetal force

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 What’s In
Lesson 1 is all about Newton’s first and second laws of motion while the
third law will be discussed in the next lesson. It is essential that we start our lesson with
Newton’s laws of motion because they are the fundamental concepts of force and motion.
Briefly let’s review what is force and motion.

Force- any push and pull that causes change in the motion of an object.
-anything that changes the speed, direction, or both of an object
at rest or in motion
-can either be contact or non-contact force
a. Contact force-present when two or more surfaces or media
touch and interact
-requires two surfaces to interact, to cause a
change in the velocity of the objects involved
-a specific type of contact force is friction, the
object’s resistance to motion
b. Non-contact force-constantly present in nature and does not
need human intervention to arise

Motion- caused by unbalanced forces

-can be described by the following aspects: speed, velocity and
acceleration
*Speed-length of distance traveled in the certain amount of time
*Velocity-rate of change of displacement
*Acceleration – change in the velocity of an object

FORCE is all around you everyday and is closely

associated with the concept of MOTION.
Study the concept map below which summarizes Force and Motion.

can be causes

such as such as proportional to

its

its

What is the relationship between Force and Motion?

 What’s New
Activity 1.1
INVESTIGATING INERTIA

I. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate Newton’s first law of motion.

II. MATERIALS: empty glass cardboard 1peso coin ruler

5-peso coins (5 pcs or more)

III. PROCEDURE:

Coin Drop 1. Arrange the setup as shown below.

2. Slowly pull the cardboard with your hand and observe what happens.

3. Arrange again the set-up as shown. This time, quickly flip the cardboard with
your finger.
Observe again what happens

a. What happens when you slowly pulled the cardboard? Explain.

b. What happens when you flipped the cardboard? Explain.

Stack of Coins
4. Stack the coins on a flat level surface.
5. Quickly hit the coin at the bottom with the edge of the ruler.
c. What happens when you hit the coin at the bottom? Why is this so?
Activity 1.2
BUS VS CAR

When a bus collides head on with a car, which vehicle would undergo a greater
change in its motion ? Why? Write yor prediction and explanation.
Prediction:

Explanation:
 What is It

Have you ever wondered why our body tends to move forward when the vehicle we are
riding suddenly stops or why it is easier to push an empty shopping cart than a full one? Then
you must know the laws of motion which can explain why such things happen.

Let’s begin by knowing the man who formulated the laws of motion, Sir Isaac Newton.

Sir Isaac Newton was a physicist and one of the most influential scientist of all times. His
three laws of motion became the basis for mechanics, the science of how and why objects
move. These laws describe the forces acting upon an object and its motion in response to these
forces. Newton combined his ideas and of the other scientists like Galileo to give us a more
unified picture of how our universe works. Also, through his three laws of motion, we can
describe and predict the movement of things around us.

So, let’s dig deeper into the laws of motion, focusing on the first law which is the Law of
Inertia and the second law, Law of Acceleration since the third law will be discussed in the next
lesson.

Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)

An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion
continues to move with the same velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

* Activity 1.1 “Investigating Inertia”, demonstrates the first law of motion and
describes how this law is shown in real life situation.

*What is Inertia? Inertia is an inherent property of an object to resist change, and it is

independent from external force.

*What is the relationship between an object's mass and its inertia? An object that has more
mass will have more inertia or resistance to a change in motion. For example ,let’s compare the
inertia of a carabao and a chicken. If both animals are in a separate carts at rest, you would
think that it would take much more effort to push the cart with the carabao in it to make the cart
move, than the cart with the chicken in it .This is because the carabao has much more mass
than a chicken and therefore , more inertia to resists movements when it is at rest.

*The second part of Newton's First Law of Motion.( An object in motion continues to move
with the same velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force.) The second part of
Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object that is moving at a constant velocity, meaning
the same speed and in the same direction, will continue to move at this same velocity unless
and unbalanced force acts on the object.

*An unbalanced force can cause an object at rest to move. Give real life example of when a
non-moving object starts moving. If a science book is on a table and is not moving, the force of
my hand lifting it up will provide the unbalanced force needed to move it.
 Newton’s Second Law of Motion ( Law of Acceleration)
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force on it and inversely
proportional to its mass.

* This law can be summarized in the equation:

F=ma ( force is equal to mass times acceleration)
where: F- force m-mass a-acceleration

* The acceleration of an object is equal to the sum of the forces acting on it, divided by the
mass of the object
a= F / m

*1 Newton is the amount of force that will accelerate a 1Kg mass at the rate of 1 m/sec/sec
F=ma, so 1N=1kg. m/ s²

*Weight is the force due to gravity, so

W =mg
where: W-weight m-mass g-gravity= 9.8 m/ s²

*Sample problems using the formula for the Law of Acceleration

1.The car has an acceleration of 7 m/s2 and a mass of 80.5 kg. What is the amount of the
force?
F= ma
F= (80.5 kg) (7 m/s/s)
F= 563.5 N
2. A car is pulled with a force of 10,500 Newtons. The car's acceleration rate is 2 m/ s² . What
is the mass of the car?
m= F/A
m= 10,500 N/ 2 m/ s²
m= 5,250 kg
3. An unbalanced force of 48 Newtons is applied to an object with a mass of 12 kg. What is its
acceleration rate?
a= F/m
a= 48 N/ 12 kg
a= 4 m/ s²
 What I Have Learned
Activity 2.1
MAKING GENERALIZATIONS

Write a general statement for each Law of motion in the proper rows in the table below.
Make a generalization in the third row and then write your personal experience in the fourth row
in relation to your generalization . Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1st Law of Motion

Law of Inertia

2nd Law of Motion

Law of Acceleration

In all situations , I can generalize that…

Personal experience…

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Activity 2.2
DIRECTION: Based on your learnings about the 1st and 2nd Laws of Motion, fill in the blanks with
words/ phrases to give a complete the statements. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

I. NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

1. Newton’s first law of motion is also known as the LAW OF .
The first law of motion says that an object that IS NOT MOVING, or is at
will stay at and an object that IS MOVING will keep moving
with constant which means at the same
and in the same UNLESS an force acts on that
object.
2. Inertia is defined as .
3. is property of an object which determines how much inertia it has.
4. A bowling ball have inertia than a tennis ball.
5. When riding in a moving car and the driver suddenly steps on the brake,our body will tend to
move .
II. NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
6. Newton’s second law of motion is also known as the LAW OF .
. It says that when a/an force is applied to
a , it causes it to .
7.The greater the force that is applied, the the acceleration
8.The lesser the force that is applied, the the acceleration.
9. When the same amount of force is applied to two objects with different masses , the one
with the larger mass will have_ acceleration while the object with the smaller
mass will have_ acceleration.
10.The equation that is used to solve the second law of motion problems is F = ma.
a. What does each variable mean?
F= m= a=
b. What unit of measurement must be used with each variable?
F= m= a=

You have completed a more demanding segment of your learning module with
good responses. You are such a fast learner! Take note of what you have
learned because you will be needing them to understand your next lessons.

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 What I Can Do
Illustrate one real-life situation where each Law of motion can be applied.
Give a brief description of your drawing.

Law of Inertia

Law of Acceleration
 Assessment
.

It’s now time to

evaluate your
learnings…

Part I. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What relationship exists between mass and acceleration?

A. direct C. direct square
B. inverse D. inverse square
2.What causes an object to accelerate?
A. acceleration C. mass
B. inertia D. net force
3. Which statement is not true about inertia? It .
A. increases as the mass increases
B. decreases as the mass increases
C. is the object’s property to resist motion.
D. is present in objects, whether at rest or in motion.
4. Which of these animals has the greatest inertia?
A.carabao B.cat C.chicken D.pig
5. What Newton’s Law of Motion is the concept behind the wearing of seatbelts while riding in
a car?
A. acceleration C.interaction
B.inertia D.centripetal force
6.What is the measure of an object’s inertia?
A. acceleration C.interaction
B. mass D. net force
7. Which of the following Laws of Motion best explain why light objects move faster than
heavy objects when applied with equal force?
A.Law of Inertia C. Law of Interaction
B. Law of Acceleration D. Law of Resistance
8. What makes an object placed on top of the table at rest?
A. There are no forces acting on the object.
B. The forces are balanced with zero net force.
C There is friction between the object and the table.
D. The unbalanced force is not enough to move the object.
9. When moving at the same speed, which vehicle could less likely do harm to a tree when it
crashes into it?
A. bicycle B. bus C.motorcycle D.taxi
10. Which of the following may decrease the acceleration of a jeepney?
A. unloading passengers C. using powerful engines
B.adding loads D. stepping hard on the accelerator
Part II. Problem Solving
DIRECTION: Solve the following problems using the formula of Newton’s second
law of motion. Show your solutions on a separate sheet of paper.

(F=ma)
1. A skateboard has a mass of 2 kg and accelerates at a rate of 6 m/s². What is the amount of
unbalanced force?

2. A bird has a mass of 5 kg and accelerates at a rate of 10 m/s² . What is the net force?

3. If an object’s mass is 50 kg and it accelerates at a rate of 5 m/s², how much of the force was
applied?

4. How much force is exerted by a 200 kg vehicle accelerating at a rate of 5 m/s² when it hits a
wall?

5. How much force is needed to accelerate a 150 kg cart at a rate of 3 m/s²?

 Additional Activity
DIRECTIONS: Identify and explain the Laws of
Motion illustrated below. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

F=40N Law of Motion:

1. m=10kg
Explanation:
F=ma
40N=(10kg)(a)
a=4m/s²

2. Law of Motion:

Explanation:

An apple is at rest on top of a table.

3.
same force small mass: large acceleration Law of Motion:

Explanation:
Force=mass x acceleration
same force

large mass: small acceleration

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References

Campo, Pia C., et.al. Science 8 Learner’s Module, First Edition. Philippines:Department
of Education, 2013.

Campo, Pia C., et.al. Science 8 Teacher’s Guide, First Edition. Philippines:Department
of Education, 2013.

Key Newton’s Laws Worksheet. Accessed July 7,2020. https//www.cusd80.com>lib

Learning Module Science G8/Q1 . 2017, Force, Motion and Energy.Philippines: Department
of Education 2017_SciG8Q1-1

Lim, Anne Brigette U.Science for the 21st Century Learner. Philippines. Diwa Learning
Systems, Inc., 2012.

Newton’s Laws Study Guide. Accessed July 14, 2020.

www.yb.tl>newtons_laws_study_guide
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