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SCI8M1
SCI8M1
Science
Quarter 1- Module 1
Week 1, Law of Inertia and
Law of Acceleration
Science - Grade 8
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Illustrator/Layout Artist:
Content Editors: Dr. Deogenes R. Adoptante, Principal I, Mambaling Night High School
Dr. Gemma A. Bendebel, Principal II. Zapatera National High School
Mrs.Celia C. Gepitulan, Principal I,Regino Mercado Night High School
Mrs. Arnolfa A. Demellites, Principal I, Guba National High School
Mrs. Nezel B. Leorag, Principal I, Tagba-o national High School
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Science
Quarter 1-Module 2
Week 1, Law of Inertia and
Law of Acceleration
TABLE OF C
3
Page
COVER PAGE i
COPYRIGHT PAGE ii
TITLE PAGE iii
TABLE OF iv
CONTENTS
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Lesson
1 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Have you ever wondered what makes the animals move the way they do? Why do some
things move faster than the others? When we ride a car why do we have to use seatbelts or
wear helmets in riding motorcycles? Do we really understand why we are asked to do such?
Motion has been a very familiar and common concept to all even before one has learned to
walk. But is our knowledge of the concept enough for us to understand the different kinds of
motion that is happening around us?
In this lesson, you will know the laws governing motion which are known as, Newton’s
Laws of Motion.
Objectives
1
What I Know
Let’s find out how much you already know about our lesson by answering the questions
below. Take note of the items that you find it difficult to answer and look for the them as you go
through this module.
2
What’s In
Lesson 1 is all about Newton’s first and second laws of motion while the
third law will be discussed in the next lesson. It is essential that we start our lesson with
Newton’s laws of motion because they are the fundamental concepts of force and motion.
Briefly let’s review what is force and motion.
Force- any push and pull that causes change in the motion of an object.
-anything that changes the speed, direction, or both of an object
at rest or in motion
-can either be contact or non-contact force
a. Contact force-present when two or more surfaces or media
touch and interact
-requires two surfaces to interact, to cause a
change in the velocity of the objects involved
-a specific type of contact force is friction, the
object’s resistance to motion
b. Non-contact force-constantly present in nature and does not
need human intervention to arise
can be causes
its
its
III. PROCEDURE:
2. Slowly pull the cardboard with your hand and observe what happens.
3. Arrange again the set-up as shown. This time, quickly flip the cardboard with
your finger.
Observe again what happens
Stack of Coins
4. Stack the coins on a flat level surface.
5. Quickly hit the coin at the bottom with the edge of the ruler.
c. What happens when you hit the coin at the bottom? Why is this so?
Activity 1.2
BUS VS CAR
When a bus collides head on with a car, which vehicle would undergo a greater
change in its motion ? Why? Write yor prediction and explanation.
Prediction:
Explanation:
What is It
Have you ever wondered why our body tends to move forward when the vehicle we are
riding suddenly stops or why it is easier to push an empty shopping cart than a full one? Then
you must know the laws of motion which can explain why such things happen.
Let’s begin by knowing the man who formulated the laws of motion, Sir Isaac Newton.
Sir Isaac Newton was a physicist and one of the most influential scientist of all times. His
three laws of motion became the basis for mechanics, the science of how and why objects
move. These laws describe the forces acting upon an object and its motion in response to these
forces. Newton combined his ideas and of the other scientists like Galileo to give us a more
unified picture of how our universe works. Also, through his three laws of motion, we can
describe and predict the movement of things around us.
So, let’s dig deeper into the laws of motion, focusing on the first law which is the Law of
Inertia and the second law, Law of Acceleration since the third law will be discussed in the next
lesson.
* Activity 1.1 “Investigating Inertia”, demonstrates the first law of motion and
describes how this law is shown in real life situation.
*What is the relationship between an object's mass and its inertia? An object that has more
mass will have more inertia or resistance to a change in motion. For example ,let’s compare the
inertia of a carabao and a chicken. If both animals are in a separate carts at rest, you would
think that it would take much more effort to push the cart with the carabao in it to make the cart
move, than the cart with the chicken in it .This is because the carabao has much more mass
than a chicken and therefore , more inertia to resists movements when it is at rest.
*The second part of Newton's First Law of Motion.( An object in motion continues to move
with the same velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force.) The second part of
Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object that is moving at a constant velocity, meaning
the same speed and in the same direction, will continue to move at this same velocity unless
and unbalanced force acts on the object.
*An unbalanced force can cause an object at rest to move. Give real life example of when a
non-moving object starts moving. If a science book is on a table and is not moving, the force of
my hand lifting it up will provide the unbalanced force needed to move it.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion ( Law of Acceleration)
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force on it and inversely
proportional to its mass.
* The acceleration of an object is equal to the sum of the forces acting on it, divided by the
mass of the object
a= F / m
*1 Newton is the amount of force that will accelerate a 1Kg mass at the rate of 1 m/sec/sec
F=ma, so 1N=1kg. m/ s²
Write a general statement for each Law of motion in the proper rows in the table below.
Make a generalization in the third row and then write your personal experience in the fourth row
in relation to your generalization . Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Personal experience…
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Activity 2.2
DIRECTION: Based on your learnings about the 1st and 2nd Laws of Motion, fill in the blanks with
words/ phrases to give a complete the statements. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
You have completed a more demanding segment of your learning module with
good responses. You are such a fast learner! Take note of what you have
learned because you will be needing them to understand your next lessons.
10
What I Can Do
Illustrate one real-life situation where each Law of motion can be applied.
Give a brief description of your drawing.
Law of Inertia
Law of Acceleration
Assessment
.
(F=ma)
1. A skateboard has a mass of 2 kg and accelerates at a rate of 6 m/s². What is the amount of
unbalanced force?
2. A bird has a mass of 5 kg and accelerates at a rate of 10 m/s² . What is the net force?
3. If an object’s mass is 50 kg and it accelerates at a rate of 5 m/s², how much of the force was
applied?
4. How much force is exerted by a 200 kg vehicle accelerating at a rate of 5 m/s² when it hits a
wall?
2. Law of Motion:
Explanation:
3.
same force small mass: large acceleration Law of Motion:
Explanation:
Force=mass x acceleration
same force
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References
Campo, Pia C., et.al. Science 8 Learner’s Module, First Edition. Philippines:Department
of Education, 2013.
Campo, Pia C., et.al. Science 8 Teacher’s Guide, First Edition. Philippines:Department
of Education, 2013.
Learning Module Science G8/Q1 . 2017, Force, Motion and Energy.Philippines: Department
of Education 2017_SciG8Q1-1
Lim, Anne Brigette U.Science for the 21st Century Learner. Philippines. Diwa Learning
Systems, Inc., 2012.