RULE 112 - PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

Section  1.  Preliminary  investigation  defined;  when  required.  – Preliminary

investigation is an inquiry or proceeding to determine whether  there  is  sufficient  ground 
to  engender  a  well-founded belief  that  a  crime  has  been  committed  and  the 
respondent  is probably guilty thereof, and should be held for trial.
 
Except  as  provided  in  Section  7  of  this  Rule,  a  preliminary investigation  is  required 
to  be  conducted  before  the  filing  of  a compliant   or   information   for   an   offense  
where   the   penalty prescribed  by  law  is  at  least  four  (4)  years,  two  (2)  months  and
one (1) day without regard to the fine. 

WHAT IS A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION?

> It  is  an  inquiry  or  proceeding  to  determine  whether  there  is sufficient  ground  to 
engender  a  well-founded  belief  that  a  crime has  been  committed  and  the  respondent  is 
probably  guilty
thereof, and should be held for trial

WHAT IS THE NATURE AND EFFECTS OF A

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION?
1.    It is merely inquisitorial
2.    Only   means   of   discovering   whether   the   offense   has   been committed and the
persons responsible for it  
3.    To enable the fiscal to prepare his complaint and information  
4.    Not a trial on the merits

5.    Determine  whether  there  is  probable  cause  to  believe  that  an offense has been
committed and the accused is probably guilty of it  
6.    Doesn't place the accused in jeopardy
7.    Doesn't affect the  jurisdiction of the court—only the regularity of the proceedings
8.    Accused  cannot  assert  lack  of  preliminary  investigation.    Court cannot dismiss the case
based on  this ground—it should conduct the investigation or order the fiscal or lower court to do
it
9.    Preliminary investigation may be waived
10.  Accused  should  invoke  right  to  PI  before  plea,  otherwise  it  is deemed waived
11.  Accused  doesn't  have  full  gamut  of  rights  yet.    He  doesn't  have right to counsel unless
a confession is being obtained from him.
12.  There is also no right to confront witnesses against him.
 

WHEN IS IT REQUIRED?
> Before    a    complaint    or    information    is    filed,    preliminary investigation   is  
required   for   all   offenses   punishable   by imprisonment of at least 4 years, 2 months and 1
day, regardless of the fine, except if the accused was arrested by virtue of a lawful arrest without
warrant
> In  case  of  lawful  arrest  without  warrant:  the  complaint  or information may be filed
without a preliminary investigation unless the  accused  asks  for  a  preliminary  investigation 
and  waives  his rights under Article 125 of the RPC
> Whether or not there is a need for PI depends upon the imposable penalty for the crime
charged in the complaint filed with the city or  provincial  prosecutor’s  office  and  not  upon 
the  imposable penalty  for  the  crime  fund  to  have  been  committed  by  the respondent after a
preliminary investigation

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A PRELIMINARY

INVESTIGATION?
1.    To  determine  if  there  is  sufficient  ground  to  engender  a  well-founded   belief   that   a  
crime   has   been   committed   and   the respondent is probably guilty thereof, and should be
held for trial

2.    To  protect  the  accused  from  the  inconvenience,  expense,  and burden of defending
himself in a formal trial unless the reasonable probability  of  his  guilt  has  been  first 
ascertained  in  a  fairly summary proceeding by a competent officer

3.    To  secure  the  innocent  against  hasty,  malicious  and  oppressive prosecution,  and  to 
protect  him  from  an  open  and  public accusation of a crime, from the trouble, expense and
anxiety of a public trial

4.    To protect the state from having to conduct useless and expensive trials 

WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF PRELIMINARY

INVESTIGATION?
> Preliminary investigation is merely inquisitorial and it is often the only   means   of  
discovering   whether   the   offense   has   been committed and the persons responsible for it to
enable the fiscal
to prepare his complaint or information

> It  is  not  a  trial  on  the  merits  and  has  no  purpose  BUT  to determine  whether  there  is 
probable  cause  to  believe  that  an offense  has  been  committed  and  that  the  accused  is 
probably
guilty of it

> It doesn't place the accused in double jeopardy

IS THE RIGHT TO PRELIMINARY

INVESTIGATION A FUNDAMENTAL  RIGHT?
> No, it is a statutory right

> May be waived expressly or by silence

> It is not an element of due process unless it is expressly granted by law

> While the right to a PI may be substantial, nevertheless it is not a constitutional right

CAN THE ACCUSED DEMAND THE RIGHT TO CONFRONT

AND CROSS-EXAMINE HIS WITNESSES DURING THE
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION?
> No, the preliminary investigation is not part of the trial  

> It is summary and inquisitorial in nature

> Its function is not to determine the guilt of the accused but merely to determine the existence of
probable cause

IS THE LACK OF A PRELIMINARY

INVESTIGATION A GROUND  FOR  DISMISSING A
COMPLAINT?
> No, the absence of a Preliminary Investigation doesn't affect the jurisdiction of the court but merely the regularity
of the proceedings
> Neither is it a ground to quash the information or nullify the order of arrest issued against him or justify the release
of the accused from detention
> The  court  cannot  dismiss  the  complaint  on  this  ground,  and  it should  instead  conduct  the  investigation  or 
order  the  fiscal  or lower  court  to  do  it  considering  that  the  inquest  investigation conducted by the state
prosecutor is null and void
> The trial court should suspend proceedings and order a Preliminary Investigation where the inquest conducted is
null and void

WHAT  IS  THE  EFFECT  OF  THE  ABSENCE  OF 

CERTIFICATION  THAT PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
WAS CONDUCTED?
> It is of no consequence
> The important thing is that there was actually an investigation and that the accused was informed thereof and was
allowed to present controverting evidence 

RIGHT TO PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION
RIGHT TO PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
WHEN  SHOULD  THE  RIGHT  TO  PRELIMINARY 
INVESTIGATION  BE INVOKED?
> The  accused  should  invoke  it  before  plea,  or  else,  it  is  deemed waived

IF  THE  COURT  DENIES  THE  INVOCATION  OF  THE 

RIGHT  TO PRELIMINARY  INVESTIGATION,  WHAT  IS 
THE  REMEDY  OF  THE ACCUSED?
> He must immediately appeal it to the appellate court  
> He cannot raise later the issue for the first time on appeal
 

IF  THE  COMPLAINT  OR  INFORMATION  IS  AMENDED, 

SHOULD  A NEW PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION BE
CONDUCTED?
> No, unless the amended complaint or information charges a NEW offense

IF THE  NEW  COMPLAINT  OR  INFORMATION  IS 

SUBSTITUTED, SHOULD A NEW PI BE CONDUCTED?
> Yes

CONDUCT OF PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATIONS
CONDUCT OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS
Sec. 2. Officers authorized to conduct preliminary investigations. – The following may conduct
preliminary investigations:

(a) Provincial or City Prosecutors and their assistants;

(b)  Judges  of  the  Municipal  Trial  Courts  and  Municipal  Circuit Trial Courts;

(c) National and Regional State Prosecutors; and

(d) Other officers as may be authorized by law.

Their  authority  to  conduct  preliminary  investigations  shall  include all  crimes  cognizable 
by  the  proper  court  in  their  respective territorial jurisdictions.

WHO MAY CONDUCT PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS?

1.    Provincial or city prosecutors and their assistants
2.    National and Regional State prosecutors
3.    COMELEC with respect to election offenses
4.    Ombudsman  with  respect  to  Sandiganbayan  offenses  and  other offenses committed by
public officers
5.    PCGG with respect to ill-gotten wealth

CAN RTC JUDGES CONDUCT PRELIMINARY

INVESTIGATIONS?
> No, but this should not be confused with the authority of the RTC to  conduct  an  examination 
for  the  purpose  of  determining probable cause when issuing a warrant of arrest

PROCEDURE IN
CONDUCTING PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION
Procedure in Conducting Preliminary Investigation
The   preliminary   investigation   shall   be conducted in the
following manner:
(a)  The  complaint  shall  state  the  address  of  the  respondent  and shall be accompanied by
the affidavits of the complainant and his witnesses,  as  well  as  other  supporting  documents 
to  establish probable cause. They shall be in such number of copies as there are respondents,
plus two (2) copies for the official file. The affidavits shall   be   subscribed   and   sworn   to  
before   any   prosecutor   or government  official  authorized  to  administer  oath,  or,  in  their
absence  or  unavailability,  before  a  notary  public,  each  of  whom must certify that he
personally examined the affiants and that he is
satisfied  that  they  voluntarily  executed  and  understood  their affidavits.
 
(b)  Within  ten  (10)  days  after  the  filing  of  the  complaint,  the investigating officer shall
either dismiss it if he finds no ground to continue  with  the  investigation,  or  issue  a  subpoena 
to  the respondent  attaching  to   it  a   copy  of   the  complaint  and  its supporting affidavits and
documents.
 
The  respondent  shall  have  the  right  to  examine  the  evidence submitted  by  the 
complainant  which  he  may  not  have  been furnished  and  to  copy  them  at  his  expense.  If 
the  evidence  is voluminous,  the  complainant  may  be  required  to  specify  those which  he 
intends  to  present  against  the  respondent,  and  these shall   be   made   available   for  
examination  or   copying   by   the respondent at his expense.

Objects  as  evidence  need  not  be  furnished  a  party  but  shall  be made  available  for 
examination,  copying,  or  photographing  at  the expense of the requesting party.
 
(c)  Within  ten  (10)  days  from  receipt  of  the  subpoena  with  the complaint and supporting
affidavits and documents, the respondent shall  submit  his  counter-affidavit  and  that of  his 
witnesses  and other  supporting  documents  relied  upon  for  his  defense.  The counter-
affidavits shall be subscribed and sworn to and certified as provided  in  paragraph  (a)  of  this 
section,  with  copies  thereof furnished by him  to the complainant.  The respondent shall not be
allowed to file a motion to dismiss in lieu of a counter-affidavit.
 
(d)  If  the  respondent  cannot  be  subpoenaed,  or  if  subpoenaed, does not submit counter-
affidavits within the ten (10) day period, the  investigating  office  shall  resolve  the  complaint 
based  on  the evidence presented by the complainant.
 
(e)  The  investigating  officer  may  set  a  hearing  if  there  are  facts and issues to be clarified
from a party or a witness. The parties can be  present  at  the  hearing  but  without  the  right  to 
examine  or cross-examine.  They  may,  however,  submit  to  the  investigating officer 
questions  which  may  be  asked  to  the  party  or  witness concerned.

 
The hearing shall be held within ten (10) days from submission of the counter-affidavits and other
documents or from the expiration of the period for their submission. It shall be terminated within five
(5) days.
 
(f)  Within  ten  (10)  days  after  the  investigation,  the  investigating officer shall determine whether or
not there is sufficient ground to hold the respondent for trial.
 

WHAT  IS  THE  PROCEDURE  IN  CONDUCTING A

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION?
> The  preliminary  investigation  shall  be  conducted  in  the  following manner:

1.    The complaint shall state: 

> The address of the respondent and 

> Shall  be  accompanied  by  the  affidavits  of  the complainant and his witnesses, as well as
other
supporting   documents   to   establish   probable cause.  

> The  affidavits  must  be  subscribed  and  sworn before  the  prosecutor  or  government 
official
authorized to administer such or notary public
2.    Within ten (10) days after the filing of the complaint, the investigating officer shall either:

> Dismiss it if he finds no ground to continue with the investigation, or 

> Issue a subpoena to the respondent attaching to it  a  copy  of  the  complaint  and  its 
supporting
affidavits and documents.
 
The  respondent  shall  have  the  right  to  examine  the evidence submitted by the complainant
which he may not have been furnished and to copy them at his expense. If the  evidence  is 
voluminous,  the  complainant  may  be required  to  specify  those  which  he  intends  to 
present against   the  respondent,   and   these   shall   be   made available for examination or
copying by the respondent at his expense.
 

3.    Within  ten  (10)  days  from  receipt  of  the  subpoena  with the  complaint  and  supporting 
affidavits  and  documents, the respondent shall submit his counter-affidavit and that of  his 
witnesses  and  other  supporting  documents  relied upon  for  his  defense.  The  counter-
affidavits  shall  be subscribed  and  sworn  to  and  certified.    The  respondent shall not be
allowed to file a motion to dismiss in lieu of a counter-affidavit.

4.    If   the   respondent   cannot   be   subpoenaed,   or   if subpoenaed,  does  not  submit 
counter-affidavits  within the  ten  (10)  day  period,  the  investigating  office  shall resolve  the 
complaint  based  on  the  evidence  presented by the complainant.

5.    The  investigating  officer  may  set  a  hearing  if  there  are facts and issues to be clarified
from a party or a witness. The parties can be present at the hearing but without the right to
examine or cross-examine. The hearing shall be held within ten (10) days from submission of the
counter-affidavits and other documents or from the expiration of the  period  for  their 
submission.  It  shall  be  terminated within five (5) days. 

6.    Within   ten   (10)   days   after   the   investigation,   the investigating officer shall determine
whether or not there is sufficient ground to hold the respondent for trial. 

IS A PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION A JUDICIAL
PROCEEDING?
IS A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION A JUDICIAL
PROCEEDING?
> Yes   it   is   a   judicial   proceeding   where   the   prosecutor   or investigating officer acts a
quasi-judicial officer
> Parties  are  given  the  opportunity  to  be  heard  and  to  produce evidence which shall be
weighed and upon which a decision shall be rendered
> Since it is a judicial proceeding, the requirement of due process in judicial proceedings is also
required in preliminary investigations

WHAT IS DUE PROCESS? TWO

BRANCHES OF DUE
PROCESS?
DUE PROCESS
WHAT IS DUE PROCESS?
> The idea that laws and legal proceedings must be fair
> Principle that the government must respect all of a person's legal rights instead of just some or
most of those legal rights when the government deprives a person of life, liberty, or property

WHAT ARE THE TWO BRANCHES OF DUE PROCESS?

> Due process covers two aspects—substantive and procedural due process
> Substantive due process refers to the intrinsic validity of the law  
> Procedural  due  process,  which  is  based  on  the  principle  that  a renders  judgment  only 
after  trial  and  based  on  the  evidence presented therein

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION AND
PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION?
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION AND PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION
> Criminal investigation is a fact-finding investigation carried out by law-enforcement  officers 
for  the  purpose  of  determining  whether they should file a complaint for preliminary
investigation

> Preliminary investigation is conducted for the purpose of determining if there is a probable
cause to hold a person for trial

PROBABLE CAUSE
WHAT IS PROBABLE CAUSE?
> Probable cause is the existence of such facts and circumstances as would excite the belief in a 
reasonable  mind, acting on the facts within the knowledge of the prosecutor, that the person
charged was guilty of the crime for which he was prosecuted

> Based on the evidence that would be adduced by the parties

PRESENCE OF COUNSEL IN A
PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION
IS THE PRESENCE OF COUNSEL IN  A
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION MANDATORY?
> No,  preliminary  investigation  is  a  summary  proceeding  and  is merely inquisitorial in
nature
> The accused cannot yet fully exercised his rights
>  However,  if  a  confession  is  to  be  obtained  from  respondent,  an uncounselled confession
would be void

RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS IN

A PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION
RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS IN A PRELIMINARY 
INVESTIGATION
1.    You cannot cross-examine
2.    No right to counsel except when confession is being obtained  
3.    You cannot file complaint or information without authority  
4.    Right to be present not absolute
5.    No dismissal without approval
6.    Right to discovery proceedings

HOW DOES THE

INVESTIGATING
PROSECUTOR RESOLVE THE
FINDINGS AFTER
PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION?
HOW DOES THE INVESTIGATING PROSECUTOR
RESOLVE THE FINDINGS AFTER PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION?
> The investigating prosecutor shall do the following:

1.    If  the  investigating  prosecutor  finds  cause  to  hold  the
respondent  for  trial,  he  shall  prepare  the  resolution  and
information.  He  shall  certify  under  oath  in  the  information
that:  
a.    He, or as shown by the record, an authorized officer, has  personally  examined  the 
complainant  and  his witnesses;  
b.    That  there  is  reasonable  ground  to  believe  that  a crime  has  been  committed  and  that 
the  accused  is probably guilty thereof;  
c.     That the accused was informed of the complaint and of the evidence submitted against him;

d.    And  that  he  was  given  an  opportunity  to  submit controverting evidence.  

2.    If  the  investigating  officer  finds  no  probable  cause,  he 
shall recommend the dismissal of the complaint

3.    Within five (5) days from his resolution, he shall forward the
record of the case to the provincial or city prosecutor or chief
state prosecutor, or to the Ombudsman or his deputy in cases of
offenses cognizable by the Sandiganbayan in the exercise of  its 
original  jurisdiction.  They  shall  act  on  the  resolution within 
ten  (10)  days  from  their  receipt  thereof  and  shall immediately
inform the parties of such action.

4.    No complaint or information may be filed or dismissed by an

investigating prosecutor without the prior written authority or
approval  of  the  provincial  or  city  prosecutor  or  chief  state
prosecutor or the Ombudsman or his deputy.
5.    If  the  investigating  prosecutor  recommends  the  dismissal 
of the complaint but his recommendation is disapproved by the
provincial  or  city  prosecutor  or  chief  state  prosecutor  or  the
Ombudsman  or  his  deputy  on  the  ground  that  a  probable
cause exists, the latter may, either:
a.    By   himself,   file   the   information   against   the respondent, 
b.    Direct    another    assistant    prosecutor    or    state prosecutor  to  do  so  without 
conducting  another preliminary investigation.
 

6.    If  upon  petition  by  a  proper  party  under  such  rules  as 
the Department  of  Justice  may  prescribe  or  motu  propio,  the
Secretary of Justice reverses or modifies the resolution of the
provincial or city prosecutor or chief state prosecutor, he shall
direct    the    prosecutor    concerned    either    to    file    the
corresponding    information    without    conducting    anther
reliminary investigation, or to dismiss or move for dismissal of the
complaint or information with notice to the parties.  

NO PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION
CONDUCTED, REMEDIES
NO PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
CONDUCTED,  REMEDIES
IF  THERE  WAS  NO  PRELIMINARY  INVESTIGATION 
CONDUCTED,  WHAT IS THE REMEDY OF THE ACCUSED?
*Code: RICA P

1.    Refuse to enter plea

2.    Insist on a preliminary investigation

3.    File certiorari if refused

4.    Raise it as an error on appeal

5.    File a petition for prohibition

MAY THE REGIONAL STATE

PROSECUTOR FILE AN
INFORMATION IN COURT?
MAY THE REGIONAL STATE PROSECUTOR FILE
AN INFORMATION IN COURT?
> No,  unless  he  has  the  prior  written  approval  of  the  city  or provincial or chief state
prosecutor

> Thus, even if the accused already entered a plea to an information filed  alone  by  the 
Regional  State  prosecutor,  the  court  may  still dismiss the same on the ground that it
didn't acquire jurisdiction over the case since it was filed by one who is not authorized 

APPEAL OF INFORMATION
TO THE SECRETARY OF
JUSTICE
WHY SHOULD THE SECRETARY OF JUSTICE DO IF AN
INFORMATION ALREADY FILED IN COURT IS APPEALED
TO HIM?
> He  should as  far  as  practicable, refrain  from  entertaining  the appeal
> The matter should be left to the determination of the court

IF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  JUSTICE  GIVES  DUE  COURSE 

TO  THE APPEAL, WHAT SHOULD THE TRIAL JUDGE DO?
> The trial judge should suspend proceedings and defer arraignment pending the resolution of the
appeal

IS THE DETERMINATION OF
PROBABLE CAUSE A
JUDICIAL OR EXECUTIVE
FUNCTION?
IS THE DETERMINATION OF PROBABLE CAUSE
A JUDICIAL OR EXECUTIVE FUNCTION?
> It depends

> Executive  function:  purpose  of  determining  whether  there  is reasonable ground to believe
that the accused has committed the offense and should be held for trial

> Judicial function: issuance of warrant of arrest by a judge

RESOLUTION OF
INVESTIGATING JUDGE AND
ITS REVIEW
Resolution Of Investigating Judge And Its Review
Sec.  5.  Resolution  of  investigating  judge  and  its  review. -  Within ten (10) days after the
preliminary investigation, the investigating judge shall transmit the resolution of the case to the
provincial or city  prosecutor,  or  to  the  Ombudsman  or  his  deputy  in  cases  of offenses 
cognizable  by  the  Sandiganbayan  in  the  exercise  of  its original jurisdiction,  for 
appropriate  action.  The  resolution  shall state  the  findings  of  facts  and  the  law  supporting 
his  action, together  with  the  record  of  the  case  which  shall  include:  (a)  the warrant, if the 
arrest  is by  virtue of a warrant; (b)  the affidavits,counter-affidavits and other supporting
evidence of the parties; (c) the undertaking or bail of the accused and the order for his release;
(d)  the  transcripts  of  the  proceedings  during  the  preliminary
investigation; and (e) the order of cancellation of his bail bond, if the resolution is for the
dismissal of the complaint.
 
Within thirty (30) days from  receipt of the  records,  the provincial or  city  prosecutor,  or  the 
Ombudsman  or  his  deputy,  as  the  case may  be,  shall  review  the  resolution  of  the 
investigating  judge  on the  existence  of  probable  cause.  Their  ruling  shall  expressly  and
clearly  state  the  facts  and  the  law  on  which  it  is  based  and  the parties shall be furnished
with copies thereof. They shall order the release of an accused who is detained if no probable
cause is found against him.
 
Sec.  6.  When  warrant  of  arrest  may  issue.  –  (a)  By  the  Regional Trial Court. – Within ten
(10) days from the filing of the complaint or information, the judge shall personally evaluate the
resolution of the  prosecutor  and  its  supporting  evidence.  He  may  immediately dismiss the
case if the evidence on record clearly fails to establish probable cause. If he finds probable cause,
he shall issue a warrant of arrest, or a commitment order if the  accused has already  been
arrested pursuant to a warrant issued by the judge who conducted the preliminary investigation
or when the complaint or information was filed pursuant to section 7 of this Rule. In case of
doubt on the existence of probable cause, the judge may order the prosecutor to present 
additional  evidence  within  five  (5)  days  from  notice  and the  issue  must  be  resolved  by 
the  court  within  thirty  (30)  days from the filing of the complaint of information.
 
(b) By the Municipal Trial Court.  – When required pursuant to the second   paragraph   of  
section   of   this   Rule,   the   preliminary investigation  of  cases  falling  under  the  original 
jurisdiction  of  the Metropolitan  Trial  Court,  Municipal  Trial  Court  in  Cities,  Municipal
Trial  Court,  or  Municipal  Circuit  Trial  Court  may  be  conducted  by either  the  judge  or 
the  prosecutor.  When  conducted  by  the prosecutor, the procedure for the issuance of a warrant
of arrest by the judge shall be governed by paragraph (a) of this section. When the investigation
is conducted by the judge himself, he shall follow the procedure provided in section 3 of this
Rule. If his findings and recommendations are affirmed by the provincial or city prosecutor, or 
by  the  Ombudsman  or  his  deputy,  and  the  corresponding information  is  filed,  he  shall 
issue  a  warrant  of  arrest.  However, without  waiting  for  the  conclusion  of  the 
investigation,  the  judge may  issue  a  warrant  of  arrest  if  he  finds  after  an  examination  in
writing and under oath of the complainant and his witnesses in the form  of  searching  questions 
and  answers,  that  a  probable  cause exists and that there is a necessity of placing the
respondent under immediate custody in order not to frustrate the ends of justice.
 
(c)  When  warrant  of  arrest  not  necessary.  –  A  warrant  of  arrest shall not issue if the
accused is already under detention pursuant to a warrant issued by the municipal trial court in
accordance with paragraph  (b)  of  this  section,  or  if  the  complaint  or  information was  filed 
pursuant  to  section  7  of  this  Rule  or  is  for  an  offense penalized by fine only. The court
shall them proceed in the exercise
of its original jurisdiction.

FILE A MOTION TO QUASH

BASED ON INSUFFICIENCY
OF EVIDENCE?
CAN THE ACCUSED FILE A MOTION TO  QUASH 
BASED ON  INSUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE?
>  No, he cannot preempt the trial by filing a motion to quash on the ground of insufficiency of
evidence

> Whether  the  function of  determining probable cause has  been correctly  discharged by  the 
prosecutor  is  a  matter  that  the  trial court itself doesn't and may not pass upon

PROBABLE CAUSE AND

JUDICIAL REVIEW
IS THE FINDING OF A JUDGE THAT PROBABLE CAUSE
EXISTS FOR THE  PURPOSE  OF  ISSUING  A  WARRANT 
OF  ARREST  SUBJECT  TO JUDICIAL REVIEW?
> No, that would be tantamount to asking the court to examine and assess such evidence
submitted by the parties before trial and on the basis thereof and to make a conclusion as to
whether or not it suffices to establish the guilt of the accused

WHAT IS A PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION? WHAT IS ITS
PURPOSE?
Preliminary Examination
What Is Preliminary Examination

A  preliminary  examination  is  a  proceeding  for  the  purpose  of determining probable cause
for the issuance of a warrant of arrest

Puppose of Preliminary Examination

Its purpose is to determine—

o      The fact of commission of a crime
o      The  probability  that  the  person  sought  to  be  arrested committed the crime

REMEDIES OF A PARTY
AGAINST WHOM A WARRANT
OF ARREST HAS BEEN ISSUED
REMEDIES OF A PARTY AGAINST WHOM A
WARRANT OF ARREST HAS BEEN ISSUED
> A party against whom a warrant of arrest has been issued may  
1.    Post bail
2.    Ask for reinvestigation
3.    File a motion to quash information
4.    File a petition for review
5.    If  denied,  he  may  appeal  the  judgment  after  trial  (no certiorari)
*Code: PAMPI