Male Genital Organs Clinical Marija Djuric

MALE GENITAL ORGANS
clinical
Marija Djuric
• testis (orchis)
• epididimis
• ductus deferens
• vesiculae seminales
• prostata
• glandulae bulbo-
urethrales (Cowper)
Cryptorchidism = testis in abnormal
position
Testis undergoes intra-abdominal descent up
to 28 weeks of intrauterine development
Normally found in inguinal canal from 28-32
weeks onwards
Should be expected to be found in scrotum
from 30 weeks onwards
In full-term infants incidence of
cryptorchidism is 6%
By three months incidence has fallen to 2%
A high incidence of cryptorchidism is seen in
Undescended testis
premature infants
Found in normal path of descent
In 80% of patients with cryptorchidism the Usually found in inguinal canal or abdomen
testis is palpable
90% of impalpable testes are either high in Maldescended testis
inguinal canal or abdomen Has exited via the superficial inguinal ring but is now in an
ectopic position
True anorchidism is rare and is due to either Usual sites are the femoral triangle or perineum
primary agenesis or neonatal torsion
Cryptorchidism increases the risk of
testicular tumours by x10
10% of patients with testicular tumours give
a history of testicular maldescent
Cryptorchidism increases risk of infertility
Of patients with cryptorchidism - 30% have
oligospermia and 10% azospermia
TUNICAE TESTIS
TESTIS
facies medialis i
lateralis
extremitas
superior i inferior
margo anterior i
posterior
EPIDIDYMIS
(6m)
This is the
microscopic
appearance of
normal testis. The
seminiferous
tubules have
numerous germ
cells. Sertoli cells
are inconspicuous.
Small dark oblong
spermatozoa are
seen in the center
of the tubules.
• Pink Leyding cells are seen here in the interstitium.
Note the pale golden brown pigment as well. There
is active spermatogenesis.
On the left is a normal testis. On the right is a testis that has undergone atrophy.
Bilateral atrophy may occur with a variety of conditions including chronic
alcoholism, hypopituitarism, atherosclerosis, chemotherapy or radiation, and
severe prolonged illness. A cryptorchid testis will also be atrophic. Inflammation
may lead to atrophy. Mumps, the most common cause for orchitis, usually has a
patchy pattern of involvement that does not lead to sterility.
• Here is a large hydrocele of the testis. Such hydroceles are fairly
common. Clear fluid accumulates in a sac of tunica vaginalis lined
by a serosa with a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions.
A hydrocele must be distinguished from a true testicular mass, and
transillumination may help, because the hydrocele will
transilluminate but a testicular mass will be opaque.
• This testis has undergone infarction following testicular torsion. Torsion is
an uncommon condition, but a medical emergency. It occurs when twisting
of the spermatic cord cuts off the venous drainage, leading to hemorrhagic
infarction. Greater mobility from incomplete descent or lack of a scrotal
ligament predisposes to this condition. Immediate treatment by surgically
untwisting and suturing the cord in place to prevent future torsion will
prevent infarction.
• The mass lesion seen here in the testis is a seminoma. Germ cell
neoplasms are the most common types of testicular neoplasm. They
are most common in the 15 to 34 age group. They often have
several histologic components: seminoma, embryonal carcinoma,
teratoma, choriocarcinoma. The one that is most likely to be of one
histologic type is seminoma, as in the testis seen here.
DUCTUS
DEFERENS
(50 cm)
• PARS EPIDIDYMICA
• PARS FUNICULARIS
• PARS ILIACA
• PARS PELVICA
FUNICULUS
SPERMATICUS
• DUCTUS DEFERENS
• A. TESTICULARIS
• A. CREMASTERICA
• A. DUCTIS DEFERENTIS
• PLEXUS
PAMPINIFORMIS
• R. GENITALIS N.
GENITOFEMORALIS
• PLEXUS TESTICULARIS
I DEFERENTIALIS
• VASA LYMPHATICA
PROSTATE-POSITION
basis, apex, facies anterior, posterior, lateralis
• A normal prostate
gland is about 3 to
4 cm in diameter.
This prostate is
enlarged due to
prostatic
hyperplasia, which
appears nodular.
Thus, this condition
is termed either
BPH (benign
prostatic
hyperplasia) or
nodular prostatic
hyperplasia.
• Microscopically, benign prostatic hyperplasia can involve both
glands and stroma, though the former is usually more
prominent. Here, a large hyperplastic nodule of glands is
seen.
• The gross
appearance of
adenocarcinoma
of the prostate is
shown here in
cross section. The
entire prostate is
involved. The
yellowish nodules
represent larger
foci of carcinoma.
BLOOD SUPPLY
Prostata and vesiculae seminales: a. vesicalis inferior, a. pudenda
interna, a. rectalis media
inervation
• Near the bladder the urethra
is lined with transitional
epithelium and near the
external ostium it is stratified
squamous, while in the
middle it is pseudostratified
columnar epithelium.
• The lining membrane of the

urethra, especially in the cavernous
portion, presents the orifices of
numerous mucous glands and
follicles situated in the submucous
tissue, and named the urethral
glands (Littré). The bulbo-urethral
glands open into the cavernous
portion about 2.5 cm. in front of the Male Urethra
inferior fascia of the urogenital
diaphragm. Besides these there A pseudostratified columnar
are a number of small pit-like epithelium lines most of the
recesses, or lacunæ, of varying penile urethra.
sizes. One of these lacunæ, larger
than the rest, is situated on the
upper surface of the fossa
navicularis; it is called the lacuna
magna.

Male Genital Organs Clinical Marija Djuric

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MALE GENITAL ORGANS

• The lining membrane of the

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