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  • Verbs - Past Tense: अ + विकरणप्रत्यय + ending

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    1) The document discusses Sanskrit verb conjugation, specifically past and present tense. It provides examples of how to conjugate verbs to the past and present tense by adding prefixes and suffixes according to verb class. 2) For past tense, the prefix "a" is added before the verbal root along with an ending to indicate person and number. For present tense, prefixes and suffixes are used without "a". 3) Examples show how to conjugate common verbs like "speak", "run", "perish" to past and present tense in singular, dual and plural forms.

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    OP_Verbs_Past_Tense

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    1) The document discusses Sanskrit verb conjugation, specifically past and present tense. It provides examples of how to conjugate verbs to the past and present tense by adding prefixes and suffixes according to verb class. 2) For past tense, the prefix "a" is added before the verbal root along with an ending to indicate person and number. For present tense, prefixes and suffixes are used without "a". 3) Examples show how to conjugate common verbs like "speak", "run", "perish" to past and present tense in singular, dual and plural forms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    534 views4 pages

    Verbs - Past Tense: अ + विकरणप्रत्यय + ending

    Uploaded by

    vsballa
    1) The document discusses Sanskrit verb conjugation, specifically past and present tense. It provides examples of how to conjugate verbs to the past and present tense by adding prefixes and suffixes according to verb class. 2) For past tense, the prefix "a" is added before the verbal root along with an ending to indicate person and number. For present tense, prefixes and suffixes are used without "a". 3) Examples show how to conjugate common verbs like "speak", "run", "perish" to past and present tense in singular, dual and plural forms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 4

    Sanskrit Grammar Basic Notes

    http://OpenPathshala.com/Learn-Sanskrit

    Verbs – Past Tense

    Past Tense

    1st - 3rd -
    2nd - परोक्ष
    अनद्यतन सामान्यभत
    ू

    परस्मैपदी endings of Past Tense


    Singular Dual Plural Person
    अम ् व म 1st
    स ् (ः ) तम ् त 2nd
    त् ताम ् अन ् 3rd

    अ + Verbal root + विकरणप्रत्यय + ending of person = Verb


    • अ is added before the verbal root
    • Unless अ is added to any verbal root, it will not be considered as a past
    form
    • So, this अ is very important
    • Because this अ indicates that it is the past form of any verbal root

    पठ् (1 PP) – to speak


    अ + पठ् + अ + त ् = अपठत ्
    • Note – the हलन्त त ् (half त ्) is indication of PP ending
    • In the similar way we can make other past forms of the verbal root पठ्

    OpenPathshala.com – Your Best Source to Learn Sanskrit, Hindi and Other Indian Languages!
    Sanskrit Grammar Basic Notes
    http://OpenPathshala.com/Learn-Sanskrit

    पठ् (1 PP) – to speak


    Singular Dual Plural Person
    अपठम ् अपठाव अपठाम 1st
    अपठ अपठतम ् अपठत 2nd
    अपठत ् अपठताम ् अपठन ् 3rd

    Similarly, धाव् (to run), हस् ( laugh/smile) etc. will be declined

    नश ् (1 PP) – to perish
    Singular Dual Plural Person
    अनश्यम ् अनश्याव अनश्याम 1st
    अनश्य अनश्यतम ् अनश्यत 2nd
    अनश्यत ् अनश्यताम ् अनश्यन ् 3rd
    Similarly, ससध ् (to originate/be successful), नत
    ृ ् (to dance), etc. will be
    declined
    लिख ् (6 PP) – to write
    Singular Dual Plural Person
    असलखम ् असलखाव असलखाम 1st
    असलख असलखतम ् असलखत 2nd
    असलखत ् असलखताम ् असलखन ् 3rd
    Similarly, प्रच्छ - पच्
    ृ ् (to ask), इष ् - इच्् (to wish/desire), etc. will be
    declined
    कथ ् (10 PP) – to tell
    Singular Dual Plural Person
    अकथयम ् अकथयाव अकथयाम 1st
    अकथय अकथयतम ् अकथयत 2nd
    अकथयत ् अकथयताम ् अकथयन ् 3rd
    Similarly, पूज ् (to worship), चिन्त ् (to think), रि ् (to arrange) etc. will be
    declined

    OpenPathshala.com – Your Best Source to Learn Sanskrit, Hindi and Other Indian Languages!
    Sanskrit Grammar Basic Notes
    http://OpenPathshala.com/Learn-Sanskrit

    आत्मनेपदी endings of Present Tense


    Singular Dual Plural Person
    इ वहह महह 1st
    थास ् (था ) आथाम ् ध्वम ् 2nd
    त आताम ् अन्त 3rd

    • Endings आथाम ् इथाम ् and आताम ् इताम ् in the case of 1st, 4th, 6th,
    and 10th groups only
    • In other remaining groups i.e. 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 8th and 9th this change will
    not take place
    भाष ् (1 AP) – to speak
    अ + भाष ् + अ + त = अभाषत
    • Note – this त is not हलन्त (half त ्). It is, therefore an AP ending
    • Please do not get confused between the two endings as each of them
    belong to two different types of roots

    भाष ् (1 AP) – to speak


    Singular Dual Plural Person
    अभाषे अभाषावहह अभाषामहह 1st
    अभाषथा अभाषेथाम ् अभाषध्वम ् 2nd
    अभाषत अभाषेताम ् अभाषन्त 3rd
    Similarly, सेव ् (to serve), लभ ् (to obtain) etc. will be declined

    मन ् (4 AP) – to accept
    Singular Dual Plural Person
    अमन्ये अमन्यावहह अमन्यामहह 1st
    अमन्यथा अमन्येथाम ् अमन्यध्वम ् 2nd
    अमन्यत अमन्येताम ् अमन्यन्त 3rd
    Similarly, युध ् (to fight), ववद् (to be/exist), etc. will be declined

    OpenPathshala.com – Your Best Source to Learn Sanskrit, Hindi and Other Indian Languages!
    Sanskrit Grammar Basic Notes
    http://OpenPathshala.com/Learn-Sanskrit

    ददश ् (6 AP) – to order


    Singular Dual Plural Person
    अहिशे अहिशावहह अहिशामहह 1st
    अहिशथा अहिशेथाम ् अहिशध्वम ् 2nd
    अहिशत हिशेताम ् अहिशन्त 3rd
    Similarly, समल ् (to meet), कृष ् (to plough), etc. will be declined

    मन्र ् (10 AP) – to council/discuss


    Singular Dual Plural Person
    अमन्रये अमन्रयावहह अमन्रयामहह 1st
    अमन्रयथा अमन्रयेथाम ् अमन्रयध्वम ् 2nd
    अमन्रयत अमन्रयेताम ् अमन्रयन्त 3rd
    Similarly, पूज ् (to worship), अथ ्् (to wish/request), गण ् (to count/take notice
    of), etc. will be declined

    Few examples –
    1. I have studied – अहम ् अपठम ्|
    2. Boys have played – बालका अक्रीडन ्|
    3. Pandava-s have fought – पाण्डवा अयुध्यन्त|
    4. We have spoken – वयम ् अभाषामहह| (AP) or वयम ् अविाम| (PP)

    OpenPathshala.com – Your Best Source to Learn Sanskrit, Hindi and Other Indian Languages!

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