PPG Module 2 PDF
PPG Module 2 PDF
Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Political Ideologies
Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Political Ideologies
First Edition, 2020
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Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Political Ideologies
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Political Ideologies!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
1
What I Know
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the following items carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It refers to a system of belief about how society should function, behave,
and operate.
a. Ideology
b. Philosophy
c. Psychology
d. Theology
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7. It is the core principle of Liberalism.
a. Fraternity
b. Freedom
c. Individualism
d. Reason
10. What belief states that action should be shaped by practical circumstances
and practical goals, or simply by “what works”?
a. Authority
b. Freedom
c. Individualism
d. Pragmatism
11. The key idea of Socialism that emphasizes on nurture over nature.
a. Community
b. Fraternity
c. Social Class
d. Social Equality
12. The key idea of Conservatism that reflects the accumulated wisdom of the
past, institutions and practices that have been ‘tested by time’, and
advocates that it should be preserved.
a. Laws
b. Norms
c. Religion
d. Tradition
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14. It is the central value of Socialism.
a. Fraternity
b. Freedom
c. Individualism
d. Social Equality
15. A political ideology that prefers cooperation over competition and favors
collectivism over individualism.
a. Communism
b. Conservatism
c. Liberalism
d. Socialism
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Lesson
1 Political Ideologies
What’s In
Find the words that are related to political science. Write as many words as you
can. Answer should be written on a separate sheet of paper.
R T C H A R T E R R O S E A L L E G I A N C E
U D O N T E O R S B A L L O T Q N H U I S Y U
J I N D E P E N D E N C E G C I T I Z E N S D
G I M E D I C T A T O R F F G F R E E D O M C
J I O B N E R T A U T O N O M Y F H S D F K D
K G U E X I L E G H J K I O P F G D M H J S S
L E X E C U T I V E D U I L P O L L G X C S D
O D F G H J C O N Y I D P R E S I D E N T P A
A R I S T O C R A C Y B A L A N C E N U I O P
S L I B E R T Y Y U I K L E G I S L A T U R E
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What’s New
What idea or concept is being depicted by this picture? In 3-4 sentences give your
insights about it. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
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What is It
Meaning of Ideology
Ideology according to Heywood (2007) refers to
a system of beliefs about how society should
function, behave, and operate. He further
explains that from a social-scientific viewpoint, an
ideology is a more or less coherent set of ideas that
provides a basis for organized political action,
whether this is intended to preserve, modify or
overthrow the existing system of power
relationships.
Political ideologies are very important in a society. Heywood (2007) also described
the following functions of political ideology:
(1) It offers an account of the existing order by examining what works and what
does not work, as well as other various issues and problems that the state and
the broader society are confronted with.
(2) It provides a model of a desired social order, a vision of the Good Society.
(3) It outlines how political change or the desired social order can be achieved.
Liberalism
Liberalism pertains to set of political beliefs
emphasizing individual rights and liberties. Its key
ideas are the following:
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❖ belief in the supreme importance of the human
❖ human beings are seen with equal moral worth; they possess separate
and unique identities
❖ the liberal goal is to construct a society within which individuals can
flourish and develop
❖ advocate ‘freedom under the law’, as they recognize that one person’s
liberty may be a threat to the liberty of others
3. Reason: Liberals believe that the world has a rational structure, and that
this can be uncovered through the exercise of human reason and by critical
enquiry. Furthermore, the key idea of reason favors the following:
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Conservatism
Socialism
Socialism is defined as set of political beliefs emphasizing community and social
equality that adheres to the following ideas:
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by social interaction and membership of social groups and collective
bodies. Socialists are inclined to emphasize nurture over nature, and to
explain individual behavior mainly in terms of social factors, rather than
innate qualities.
5. Social class: Socialism has traditionally been associated with the interests
of an oppressed and exploited working class - regarded the working class
as an agent of social change. The socialist goal is the eradication of
economic and social inequalities, or their substantial reduction.
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Different Ideologies and their Perspectives on the State
Socialism, Liberalism and Conservatism are political ideologies that have different
perspective or view on the state. According to Mendoza and Melegrito (2016) have the
following explanations:
What’s More
ACTIVITY 1
Understanding the Political Ideologies
A. Fill in the table with the needed information. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
Political
Major Features Strengths Weaknesses
Ideologies
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B. Based from your answers on the table above, which do you think is the best
ideology that fits in the Philippines? Explain your answer concisely. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
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Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
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What I Can Do
If you were given a chance to be part of the government, what kind of political
ideologies would you prefer? Tell us about it briefly. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
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Note: You will be graded using these rubrics for all the essay questions.
5 4 3 2 1
CATEGORY EXCELLENT VERY AVERAGE NEEDS UNACCEPTABLE
GOOD IMPROVEMENT
Ideas This paper is This paper is The writer is Topic is not well- Yet, the paper has
clear and mostly beginning to defined and/or no clear sense of
focused. It focused and define the there are too purpose or central
holds the has some topic, even many topics. theme. To extract
reader's good details though meaning from the
attention. and quotes. development is text, the reader
Relevant still basic or must make
details and general. inferences based
quotes enrich
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the central on sketchy or
theme. missing details.
Organization The Paper (and The Sentences within The writing lacks a
organization paragraphs) organizational paragraphs make clear sense of
enhances and are mostly structure is sense, but the direction. Ideas,
showcases the organized, in strong enough order of details, or events
central idea or order, and to move the paragraphs does seem strung
theme. The makes sense reader through not. together in a loose
order, to the reader. the text without or random fashion;
structure of too much there is no
information is confusion. identifiable internal
compelling and structure.
moves the
reader through
the text.
Sentence The writing The writing The text hums The text seems The reader has to
Fluency has an easy mostly flows, along with a choppy and is not practice quite a bit
flow, rhythm, and usually steady beat, easy to read in order to give this
and cadence. invites oral but tends to be orally. paper a fair
Sentences are reading. more interpretive
well built, with businesslike reading.
strong and than musical,
varied more
structure that mechanical
invites than fluid.
expressive oral
reading.
Conventions The writer The write The writer The writer seems Errors in spelling,
demonstrates understands shows to have made little punctuation,
a good grasp of good writing reasonable effort to use capitalization,
standard conventions control over a conventions: usage, and
writing and usually limited range of spelling, grammar and/or
conventions uses them standard punctuation, paragraphing
(e.g., spelling, correctly. writing capitalization, repeatedly distract
punctuation, Paper is conventions. usage, grammar the reader and
capitalization, easily read, Conventions and/or make the text
grammar, and errors are sometimes paragraphing difficult to read.
usage, are rare; handled well have multiple
paragraphing) minor touch- and enhance errors.
and uses ups would get readability; at
conventions this piece other times,
effectively to ready to errors are
enhance publish. distracting and
readability. impair
readability.
Presentation The form and The format The writer's The writer's The reader receives
presentation of only has a message is message is only a garbled message
the text few mistakes understandable understandable due to problems
enhances the and is in this format. occasionally, and relating to the
ability for the generally easy paper is messily presentation of the
reader to to read and written. text and is not
understand pleasing to typed.
and connect the eye.
with the
message. It is
pleasing to the
eye.
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Source: https://www.uen.org/rubric/previewRubric.html?id=20123 Retrieved on
August 06, 2020
Assessment
TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise.
Write your answer on a separate sheet.
1. Ideology refers to a system or beliefs about how society should function, behave,
and operate.
10. Tradition, toleration, and human imperfection are key ideas of Conservatism.
14. Common ownership, fraternity and social class are key ideas of liberalism.
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Additional Activities
Draw or make a sketch of your dream society. Consider at least one of the Political
Ideologies. Put your drawing on a long bond paper.
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What I Know Assessment
1. A 1. True
2. A 2. True
3. B 3. False
4. A 4. False
5. C 5. True
6. D 6. True
7. C 7. True
8. B 8. False
9. C 9. True
10. D 10. False
11. A 11. True
12. D 12. True
13. B 13. True
14. D 14. False
15. D 15. False
Answer Key
References
n.d. Basic Essay Writing Rubric. Accessed August 6, 2020.
https://www.uen.org/rubric/previewRubric.html?id=20123.
Heywood, Andrew. 2007. Politics. 3rd Edition.
Pawilen, R.A. et.al. 2017. Philippine Politics and Governance. 1st Edition.
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