BryanOrquiza ACTIVITY #5 SHEET IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

NAME: BRYAN JOSEPH C. ORQUIZA DATE: OCT.
2, 2020_
SECTION: _11 HUMSS VALDEZ SCORE: ____________
ACTIVITY SHEET IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

1st Quarter, Week 3
ACTIVITY 1
Direction: Look at the image of an igneous rock below and try to answer the questions that
follow.
a. How is an igneous rock formed?

- Igneous rocks form when hot, molten rock or magma cools, crystallizes and
solidifies. The melt originates deep within the Earth near active plate
boundaries or hot spots, then rises toward the surface. Either at volcanoes on
the surface of the Earth or while the melted rock is still inside the crust
Igneous rocks are divided into two groups, intrusive or extrusive, depending
upon where the molten rock solidifies. All magma develops underground, in
the lower crust or upper mantle, because of the intense heat there.
b. If magma is defined as molten rock material, do you need to melt rocks to form magma?
Explain.
- Not necessarily.
Explanation: Magma is molten rock underneath the earth's crust. If you
melt rock on the earth's surface, it's defined by science that it's called
lava, unless the rocks are inside of the volcano or underneath the
earth's crust. On the other hand, if the rocks are under greater
pressure, they will require higher temperatures to melt. Melting of rocks
typically occurs in the lower lithosphere or upper asthenosphere. The
earth gets hot pretty quickly as you dig down from the earth's surface.
c. Is temperature increase solely responsible for the melting of rocks?

- NO. Heat is the most important factor affecting the melting point of rock. High
temperatures cause the ions in the rock to move quickly, which results in a
deformation of the rock. Rock melts when subjected to temperatures between
572 degrees Fahrenheit and 1,292 degrees Fahrenheit. Different types of rock,
formed by different materials, will melt at different temperatures.
d. Where and how is magma formed?

-WHERE- Magma develops within the mantle or crust where the
temperature and pressure conditions favor the molten state. After its
formation, magma buoyantly rises toward the Earth's surface.
-HOW- Magma is primarily a very hot liquid, which is called a 'melt.' It is
formed from the melting of rocks in the earth's lithosphere, which is the
outermost shell of the earth made of the earth's crust and upper part of the
mantle, and the asthenosphere, which is the layer below the lithosphere.
NAME: BRYAN JOSEPH C. ORQUIZA DATE: OCT. 2, 2020_
ACTIVITY 2
Direction: In not more than 150 words describe the source of Earth’s internal heat
and its importance in living organisms. Use a separate sheet of paper.
The heat of Earth’s interior comes from a variety of sources. These include
the heat contained in the objects that accreted to form Earth, and the heat
produced when they collided. As Earth grew larger, the increased pressure on
Earth’s interior caused it to compress and heat up. Heat also came from
friction when melted material was redistributed within Earth, forming the core
and mantle. The internal heat of the earth originated from the inner core
wherein the it is produce as a result of the radioactive decay of Uranium which
releases tremendous amount of heat. This heat causes convection current in
the mantle and in the outer core. The liquid outer core is a result of the intense
heat making iron and nickel melt and turns into liquid. The interaction of
liquid outer core and inner core produces the Earth's magnetic field.
It is important for all living organisms because it provides the energy for our
dynamic planet, supplying it with the driving force for plate-tectonic motion,
and for on-going catastrophic events such as earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions. If it were not for Earth’s astoundingly powerful and enduring
internal heat flow from the furnace in its core, there would be no civilization. In
fact, there would be no humans on Earth. Nor would there be animals, trees,
large plants, oceans, or atmosphere. Without Earth’s enduring, strong interior
heat flow, at best, only microbial life could have existed on Earth and for only
several million years. In that event, microbial life never would have been able to
physically and chemically transform Earth’s surface environment so that
plants, animals, and humans could exist. Earth magnetic field protects the
earth from the dangerous radiation coming from the heat of the sun. We will
die instantly without the magnetic field.
A major source of Earth’s heat is radioactivity, the energy released when the
unstable atoms decay.
Rubrics:
(5 points) Exceptional – student responses far exceed what is expected
(4 points) Excellent – information is factually accurate and offers extra supporting facts.
(3 points) Good – The student somewhat responds beyond the basic level of the question to
provide supporting details and or interpretation.
(2 points) Fair – student responses, although somewhat correct, are lacking in relevant
details and supporting examples and or interpretation.
(1 point) Not Mastered - student responses are largely incorrect.

ACTIVITY 3
Directions: Draw a schematic of a cross section of the earth, showing the different layers of the
earth. Include and label (when necessary) the following parts of the illustration:
1. Different tectonic settings where magma is generated

2. The type of melting that is usually associated with the settings identified in # 1
3. Heat transfer mechanisms and the direction of heat transfer (through arrows)
ACTIVITY 4
Direction: Make a Venn Diagram of magma and lava
Magma Lava
Magma is the molten rock

Lava is the molten or melted
flows within or underneath
rock that rises above (vent)
the earth below the crust. It
or erupted from volcano or
gets very hot as get closer to
Both Minerals and made the earth's surface which is
earth's core and the rock
the crust. Mostly this occurs
begins to melt. from molten rocks. through volcanoes are
Contain fragments of a openings in earth's crust.
Both came from volcano
melted rock, crystals, semi fluid-rock erupted from
discusses gases. Contains or fissure. volcano or fissure. Lava is
minerals like aluminum iron also referred to as liquid
magnesium calcium sodium Magma.
potassium
Red a hat when it emerged
from vent/ volcano. It Cools
and becomes black
sometimes dark red.
Direction: Answer the following questions.
1. What are the two primary sources of the Earth's internal heat?
- The two primary sources of the Earth's internal heat in roughly equal
amounts;
THE RADIOGENIC HEAT produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes in
the mantle and crust, and
THE PREMODIAL HEAT left over from the formation of Earth.
2. Cite three tectonic settings where magma is formed.
- Magma is formed at three main plate-tectonic settings:

- DIVERGENT BOUNDERIES (decompression melting),
- CONVERGENT BOUNDERIES (flux melting), and
- MANTEL PLUMES (decompression melting).
3. What is the role of volatiles in the partial melting of rocks?

-The presence of volatiles (particularly H2O and CO2) has the potential to
significantly reduce solidus temperatures of a given system. This allows for
melt to be generated at lower temperatures than otherwise predicted,
eliminating the need for a change in pressure or temperature conditions of the
system.
Volatiles are substances that rapidly evaporates like water, alcohol, acetone,
methane, ammonia, etc. Solid rocks have different compositions and minerals
with varying melting points. The role of volatiles in the partial melting of rocks
are:
a. They cause the change in temperature of the rocks.
b. They cause the lowering of melting point of rock minerals.
4. What is decompression melting?

-Decompression melting involves the upward movement of Earth's mostly-
solid mantle. This hot material rises to an area of lower pressure through
the process of convection. Areas of lower pressure always have a lower
melting point than areas of high pressure. This reduction in overlying
pressure, or decompression, enables the mantle rock to melt and form
magma.
5. How is the Earth's internal heat redistributed?

-The flow of heat from Earth's interior to the surface is estimated at
terawatts (TW) and comes from two main sources in roughly equal
amounts: the radiogenic heat produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes
in the mantle and crust, and the primordial heat left over from the
formation of the Earth.
6. Describe how rising magma causes melting.

- When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, it sinks into the mantle below. As
the oceanic plate sinks, fluid is squeezed out of it. The fluid flows up into the mantle rock
above and changes its chemistry, causing it to melt. This forms magma (molten rock). The
magma rises and collects in chambers within the crust. As magma fills the chamber,
pressure grows. If the pressure gets high enough, the magma can break through the crust
and spew out in a volcanic eruption. Most explosive volcanoes occur above subduction
zones.

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NAME: BRYAN JOSEPH C. ORQUIZA DATE: OCT.

ACTIVITY SHEET IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

a. How is an igneous rock formed?

c. Is temperature increase solely responsible for the melting of rocks?

d. Where and how is magma formed?

(1 point) Not Mastered - student responses are largely incorrect.

1. Different tectonic settings where magma is generated

Magma is the molten rock

Direction: Answer the following questions.

2. Cite three tectonic settings where magma is formed.

- Magma is formed at three main plate-tectonic settings:

3. What is the role of volatiles in the partial melting of rocks?

4. What is decompression melting?

5. How is the Earth's internal heat redistributed?

6. Describe how rising magma causes melting.

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