Multiple Choice: Chapter 1: Introduction To Systems Analysis and Design
Multiple Choice: Chapter 1: Introduction To Systems Analysis and Design
Multiple Choice
2. In the SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle), what comes after the analysis phase?
a) Approval phase
b) Design phase
c) Development phase
d) Implementation phase
e) Planning phase
Ans: b
9. Which is NOT a skill for a systems analyst (as given in the text)?
a) Technical
b) Mathematics
c) Business
d) Interpersonal
e) Ethics
Ans: b
11. Which of the following project roles would focus on new business processes and value?
a) Systems analyst
b) Business analyst
c) Infrastructure analyst
d) Change management analyst
e) Project manager
Ans: b
12. Which of the following project roles would identify how technology can improve business processes?
a) Systems analyst
b) Business analyst
c) Infrastructure analyst
d) Change management analyst
e) Project manager
Ans: a
13. Which of the following project roles would look at designing new business processes?
a) Systems analyst
b) Business analyst
c) Infrastructure analyst
d) Change management analyst
e) Project manager
Ans: a
15. Which of the following project roles would ensure that the system meets infrastructure standards?
a) Systems analyst
b) Business analyst
c) Infrastructure analyst
d) Change management analyst
e) Project manager
Ans: c
16. Which of the following project roles would develop a user training plan?
a) Systems analyst
b) Business analyst
c) Infrastructure analyst
d) Change management analyst
e) Project manager
Ans: d
17. Which of the following project roles would assign resources to a project?
a) Systems analyst
b) Business analyst
c) Infrastructure analyst
d) Change management analyst
e) Project manager
Ans: e
18. Which of the following project roles would serve as a primary point of contact for a project?
a) Systems analyst
b) Business analyst
c) Infrastructure analyst
d) Change management analyst
e) Project manager
Ans: e
19. Which of the following project roles would manage the team of analysts, programmers, technical writers and others?
a) Systems analyst
b) Business analyst
c) Infrastructure analyst
d) Change management analyst
e) Project manager
Ans: e
20. Which of the following project roles would analyze the key business aspects of the system?
a) Systems analyst
b) Business analyst
c) Infrastructure analyst
d) Change management analyst
e) Project manager
Ans: b
22. Shauna is doing interviewing. What would most likely be the SDLC phase for her?
a) Planning
b) Analysis
c) Design
d) Implementation
e) Project plans are created in both the Analysis and Design phase
Ans: b
23. Simon is determining ROI and “Should we build it” for a system. Which phase of the SDLC is he working in?
a) Planning
b) Analysis
c) Design
d) Implementation
e) ROI comes after implementation when all the data is in and the actual return on investment can be properly calculated
Ans: a
24. Michaela is a systems analyst who is determining business requirements. What would most likely be the SDLC phase for
her?
a) Planning
b) Analysis
c) Design
d) Implementation
e) Business requirements are not developed by systems analysts, but by business analysts
Ans: b
25. Kumar is creating use cases. Which phase of the SDLC is he working in?
a) Planning
b) Analysis
c) Design
d) Implementation
e) Use cases are created in both the Analysis and Design phase
Ans: a
26. Rosita is conducting alpha tests. What SDLC phase is she in?
a) Planning
b) Analysis
c) Design
d) Implementation
e) It is hard to say, as alpha tests can occur at any time in the SDLC
Ans: d
27. Chang is working on “How will this system work”. What SDLC phase is he in?
a) Planning
b) Analysis
c) Design
d) Implementation
e) Transition
Ans: c
29. Rodger is working on ‘why build the system’. He is in what SDLC phase?
a) Planning
b) Analysis
c) Design
d) Implementation
e) Testing
Ans: a
30. Alice is calculating whether a system will lower costs or increase revenues. What SDLC phase is she in?
a) Planning
b) Analysis
c) Design
d) Implementation
e) Evaluation
Ans: a
31. Which was NOT given as a method for determining business requirements?
a) Benchmarking
b) Interviewing
c) Observation
d) Document analysis
e) Questionnaires and surveys
Ans: a
34. Which phase is generally the longest and most expensive part of the development process?
a) Planning
b) Analysis
c) Design
d) Implementation
e) Feasibility
Ans: d
36. Dan is looking at customer satisfaction with a new system. This is probably a:
a) Tangible cost
b) Tangible benefit
c) Intangible cost
d) Intangible benefit
e) Business requirement
Ans: b
37. PCM Incorporated will need to purchase new servers for a system. This would be a:
a) Development cost
b) Operating cost
c) Ongoing cost
d) Intangible cost
e) Intangible benefit
Ans: a
38. Which of the following will probably NOT be considered in technical feasibility?
a) Familiarity with application
b) A technology that has not been used before at this company
c) A gigantic project
d) The cost of database management system
e) The ability to interface this system with existing systems
Ans: d
39. Zoltan is worried about the company using the new system. This would be considered part of:
a) Technical feasibility
b) Economic feasibility
c) Risk feasibility
d) Hardware feasibility
e) Organizational feasibility
Ans: e
40. Linda is a clerk in the accounting department. She was interviewed by David and is excited about the proposed system that
will utilize electronic funds transfer. This would be an example of ______.
a) Tangible benefit
b) Cash flow
c) Break even analysis
d) Intangible benefit
e) Return on investment
Ans: d
41. Ramya is preparing an economic feasibility study. She has a calculation where she takes total benefits minus total costs and
divides that answer by the total costs. She is calculating:
a) Cash flow
b) Return on investment
c) Break-even point
d) Net present value
e) Internal rate of return
Ans: b
43. Rosa has a spreadsheet with benefits and costs spread out over several years. She is calculating:
a) Cash flow
b) Return on investment
c) Break-even point
d) Net present value
e) Internal rate of return
Ans: a
44. Robert is doing an economic analysis using today’s dollar values. He is doing:
a) Cash flow analysis
b) Return on investment analysis
c) Break-even point analysis
d) Net present value analysis
e) Internal rate of return analysis
Ans: d
45. Which would most likely NOT be involved in stakeholder analysis for a supply chain control system?
a) A champion from the inventory department
b) A champion from the human resources department
c) A manager in the ordering department
d) A shipping clerk
e) A warehouse manager
Ans: b
46. TJ has prepared a spreadsheet where the total benefits are $182,000; the total cumulative costs are $120,000. The ROI
would be::
a) $62,000
b) About 34%
c) About 51.7%
d) About 65.3%
e) Less than 20%
Ans: c
47. Ross has the following calculations on a spreadsheet: Year 1 accumulated costs of 5000; year 2 accumulated costs of 7500;
year 3 accumulated costs of 9500; year 4 accumulated costs of 10500 and year 5 accumulated costs of 13000. And year 1
accumulated benefits of 300; year 2 accumulated benefits of 2300; year 3 accumulated benefits of 6500; year 4 accumulated
benefits of 10475; and year 5 accumulated benefits of 15,425. The break-even point would occur in which year?
a) Year 1
b) Year 2
c) Year 3
d) Year 4
e) Year 5
Ans: d
48. Frances has a spreadsheet where the total benefits are $497,000 and the total cumulative costs are $450,385. The ROI would
be:
a) Less than 10%
b) Between 10 and 15%
c) Between 15 and 20%
d) Between 20 and 25%
e) Over 25%
Ans: b
51. The type of skill that is common to systems analysts to deal fairly and honestly with other project team members is:
a) Technical
b) Business
c) Analytical
d) Interpersonal
e) Ethical
Ans: e
52. The type of skill that is common to systems analysts to understand how IT can be applied to business situations and to ensure
that the IT delivers real business value is:
a) Technical
b) Business
c) Analytical
d) Interpersonal
e) Ethical
Ans: b
53. Rocky is dealing one-on-one with users and business managers (including some that have little experience with technology).
He is demonstrating what system analyst skill?
a) Technical
b) Business
c) Analytical
d) Interpersonal
e) Ethical
Ans: d
54. Becky is a systems analyst for Laswell Consulting. She is attending a three day intensive workshop on developing
applications in php. What systems analyst skill is she working on?
a) Technical
b) Business
c) Analytical
d) Interpersonal
e) Ethical
Ans: a
55. Jack is going over financial numbers for a proposed project. Which of the following system analyst skills is he exhibiting
currently?
a) Technical
b) Business
c) Analytical
d) Interpersonal
e) Management
Ans: c
57. Anny is planning on talking with a clerk and a manager in the accounts payable area, a manager in the procurement
department, and two vendors. She is probably doing:
a) Observation
b) Interviews
c) JAD
d) Documentation analysis
e) Organizational Feasibility
Ans: b
58. Babu is looking at issues regarding the system installation – such as adequate documentation and training. He is probably
functioning as the ___________.
a) Project manager
b) Systems analyst
c) Champion
d) Sponsor
e) Change management analyst
Ans: e
59. Kallie is creating use cases, data flow diagrams and entity relationship diagrams. In what phase of the SDLC would she do
this?
a) Planning
b) Analysis
c) Design
d) Construction
e) Implementation
Ans: b
61. The SDLC is an acronym for the Systems Development Life Cycle. True
62. The key person in the SDLC is the Project Manager. False
63. The primary goal of a system is to create value for the organization. True
64. Systems Analysis and Design projects are highly effective, with less than 3% of all projects cancelled or abandoned. False
65. Systems that are not cancelled or abandoned are frequently delivered to the users significantly late or costing more than
expected. True
66. Being a systems analyst is one of the most interesting, exciting and challenging jobs available. True
67. The goal of a new (or reworked) system is to build a wonderful, functioning system. False
68. The key person in the SDLC is the systems analyst who analyzed the business situation, identifies opportunities for
improvements and design an information system to implement the improvements. True
69. Systems analysts need to be able to communicate effectively. True
70. Systems analysts are generally experts in business, finance and application development. False
71. When compared to a business analyst, the systems analyst will identify how the system will provide business value. False
72. When compared to a change management analyst, the systems analyst will create, manage and execute user training. False
73. The infrastructure analyst will assign resources and manage the project plan. False
74. When compared to a systems analyst, the business analyst will probably have more responsibility for determining business
value. True
75. When compared to a business analyst, the project manager will probably have more interaction with business users. False
76. Mike is a systems analyst. He will be focusing on the IS issues surrounding the system. True
77. Because of the need to be focused on providing information about the business value of a system, a systems analyst will
probably have much training or experience in programming or application development. True
78. Generally after a person has gained experience as a project manager, he or she can be promoted to being a systems analyst.
False
79. The SDLC stands for the Systems Design Labor Committee, and oversees the selection of team members from both the IS
and business side to a project. False
80. The SDLC generally can be broken into four phases: planning, analysis, design and implementation. True
81. The SDLC consists of four discrete phases – planning, analysis, design and implementation – where each step must be
completed before the next phase can commence. False
82. Technical feasibility is generally done in the planning phase of the SDLC. True
83. Determining business requirements is generally done in the planning phase of the SDLC. False
84. The project staffing plan is generally done in the analysis phase of the SDLC. False
85. The primary output of the planning phase is the System Request. True
86. The primary output of the analysis phase is the System Specifications. False
87. The primary output of the analysis phase is the System Proposal. True
88. The normal sequence of SDLC phase outputs (from beginning to end) would be: System Request; System Proposal; System
Specifications; and Installed system. True
89. Test plans are generally created in the Design phase of the SDLC. False
90. The question ‘Can we build it’ is asked in the design phase. False
91. Interviewing is generally done in the analysis phase of the SDLC. True
92. Economic feasibility is generally done in the design phase of the SDLC. False
93. Juan is creating use cases. He is working in the design phase of the SDLC. False
94. Mya is overseeing programming efforts. This is done in the implementation phase of the SDLC. True
Multiple Choice
4. Which would generally NOT be taken into consideration for project portfolio management in an organization?
a) The number of large projects
b) The number of tactical projects
c) The number of high risk projects
d) The number of strategic projects
e) The number of financially feasible projects
Ans: e
10. Which of the following might result in version 1; version 2 (etc.) of a system?
a) System Prototyping
b) Waterfall Development
c) Iterative Development
d) System Prototyping
e) Parallel Development
Ans: c
16. What the MAIN difference between systems prototyping and throwaway prototyping?
a) Systems prototyping involves users while throwaway prototyping does not
b) Throwaway prototyping involves users while systems prototyping does not
c) Systems prototyping is a rapid application development methodology; while throwaway prototyping is not
d) Systems prototyping works with users to quickly develop a simplified working version of the proposed system; while
throwaway prototyping focuses more on exploring design alternatives
e) Throwaway prototyping develops systems that will be use as ‘stop-gap’ systems – and generally for less than six months;
while systems prototyping results in systems that will be used extensively for several years.
Ans: d
17. Which of the following methodologies might be most appropriate if you have a system project with: clear requirements; very
familiar technologies; not all that complex; reasonably reliable; a very long time schedule and the schedule visibility is not
important?
a) Waterfall
b) Parallel
c) Iterative
d) System prototyping
e) Throwaway prototyping
Ans: a
18. Which of the following methodologies might be most appropriate if you have a system project with: unclear user
requirements; unfamiliar technologies; somewhat complex; needs to be reliable; time is not an issue and the schedule
visibility is somewhat important?
a) Waterfall
b) Parallel
c) Iterative
d) System prototyping
e) Throwaway prototyping
Ans: e
19. Which of the following methodologies might be most appropriate if you have a system project with: clear requirements; very
familiar technologies; not all that complex; reasonably reliable; a short time schedule and the schedule visibility is not
important?
a) Waterfall
b) Parallel
c) Iterative
d) System prototyping
e) Throwaway prototyping
Ans: b
21. Which of the following methodologies might be most appropriate if you have a system project with: somewhat unclear
requirements; somewhat unfamiliar technologies; that is complex; reasonably reliable; a short time schedule and high
schedule visibility?
a) Waterfall
b) Parallel
c) Iterative
d) System prototyping
e) Throwaway prototyping
Ans: c
22. Which of the following methodologies might be most appropriate if you have a system project with: unclear requirements;
very familiar technologies; not all that complex; reasonably reliable; a short time schedule and the schedule visibility is
somewhat important?
a) Waterfall
b) Parallel
c) Iterative
d) System prototyping
e) Extreme Programming
Ans: e
23. Which of the following methodologies might be most appropriate if you have a system project with: unclear user
requirements; unfamiliar technologies; very complex; must be reliable; a short to medium time schedule and the schedule
visibility is somewhat important?
a) Waterfall
b) Parallel
c) Iterative
d) System prototyping
e) Throwaway prototyping
Ans: e
24. Which of the following methodologies is the historic standard, but is used less today because it takes the longest to complete
all the SDLC steps?
a) Waterfall
b) Parallel
c) Iterative
d) System prototyping
e) Throwaway prototyping
Ans: a
25. The main difference between the Parallel Development Methodology and the Iterative Development Methodology is that:
a) The Parallel Development Methodology will have various releases (like version 1.0; 2.0, etc.) and the Iterative will not
b) The Iterative Methodology will break the system project into sub-projects for analysis, design and implementation and then
merge them into a final system and the Parallel will not
c) The Parallel Methodology will have sub-projects and the Iterative Methodology will have various releases
d) The Parallel Methodology will create various models or prototypes with user involvement before setting on design concepts
and the Iterative will not
e) The Iterative Methodology will create various models or prototypes with user involvement before setting on design concepts
and the Parallel Methodology will not
Ans: c
27. Which of the following would BEST describe “familiarity with technology”?
a) The aspect of using technologies that analysts and developers are familiar with
b) The aspect of what the business side really wants the system to do
c) The aspect of how quickly the system can be developed and implemented
d) The aspect of how complex the system must be
e) The aspect of how accurate the system must be (such as medical equipment or for games)
Ans: a
30. Which of the following would BEST describe “short time schedules”?
a) The aspect of using technologies that analysts and developers are familiar with
b) The aspect of what the business side really wants the system to do
c) The aspect of how quickly the system can be developed and implemented
d) The aspect of how complex the system must be
e) The aspect of how accurate the system must be (such as medical equipment or for games)
Ans: c
31. Bob is selecting a systems analysis and design methodology. What might be the first step?
a) Selecting the shortest methodology
b) Researching the organizations standards and policies for ‘approved’ methodologies
c) Interviewing senior management as to their suggestions on methodologies
d) Do a quick ‘cost/benefit’ analysis on which methodology will provide the most benefits at the lowest cost
e) Do an analysis on which methodology might lessen or eliminate scope creep
Ans: b
32. A team of developers and customers are in close communication, with frequent communications, simplicity, feedback and
courage. This would best describe:
a) The parallel development methodology
b) The waterfall development methodology
c) The iterative development methodology
d) The Extreme Programming methodology
e) The throwaway prototyping methodology
Ans: d
34. In a “typical” business application development using the SDLC, you would probably spend ____ in the planning phase.
a) 10%
b) 15%
c) 20%
d) 25%
e) 30%
Ans: b
35. In a “typical” business application development using the SDLC, you would probably spend ____ in the analysis phase.
a) 10%
b) 15%
c) 20%
d) 25%
e) 30%
Ans: c
36. In a “typical” business application development using the SDLC, you would probably spend ____ in the design phase.
a) 20%
b) 25%
c) 30%
d) 35%
e) 40%
Ans: d
37. In a “typical” business application development using the SDLC, you would probably spend ____ in the implementation
phase.
a) 20%
b) 25%
c) 30%
d) 35%
e) 40%
Ans: c
38. Kumar is the project manager for a revised TTP system. Which of the following most likely would NOT be considered in
developing a work plan?
a) Identifying tasks that need to be completed
b) Estimating the time that will be needed on tasks
c) Creating a dependency chart
d) The organizational readiness for the project
e) Key milestones that need to be met
Ans: d
39. Tatiana is developing a staffing plan for a project. Which of the following would she NOT consider in developing such a
staffing plan?
a) Matching people’s skills with the needs of the project
b) Determining the number of people that might be needed
c) Creating a team with balanced diversity
d) Determining the technical skills needed on the project
e) Selecting people with good interpersonal skills to help with political considerations
Ans: c
42. TJ is coordinating a project. Which would he probably NOT use to avoid conflicts?
a) Encourage a competitive edge between team members
b) Clearly defining plans for the project
c) Develop a project charter
d) Look at other projects and priorities and see how that might impact the project
e) Communicate the business value to the team
Ans: a
43. __________ are created to ensure that team members are performing tasks in the same way and following the same
procedures.
a) Project charters
b) Standards
c) CASE tools
d) Waterfall methodologies
e) Agile technologies
Ans: b
44. Which is probably NOT a standard that Babu would use on a project?
a) User interface design standards
b) Procedural standards
c) Coding standards
d) Specification requirement standards
e) Reimbursement standards
Ans: e
45. The most common reason for schedule and cost overruns is ___________
a) Team conflict
b) Lack of communication from project manager to project team
c) Lack of support by sponsor and champion
d) Scope creep
e) Adding people to a late project
Ans: d
46. Estimating can be tough. In terms of costs when doing the analysis phase, the typical margin of error for well-done
estimates could be as much as _______ % off.
a) 10%
b) 25%
c) 35%
d) 50%
e) 60%
Ans: d
48. The science (or art) of project management is in making ___________ of size, time and cost.
a) Benchmark comparisons
b) Analytical and educated estimates
c) Trade-offs
d) Maximum calculations
e) Minimum calculations
Ans: c
49. Mya is managing a project. Unfortunately, the entire project team lost four days due to a hurricane in the area and a couple
of the project team lost even more time when dealing with insurance claims and rebuilding. At the six-week mark of a nine-
week project, she figures the team is one week behind. What might be the BEST solution?
a) Add several people to the project to get it back to schedule
b) Do not change the schedule, but expect the project and development teams to work longer days and every-other weekend.
c) Since the project is about 16% behind, increase the project to about 10-and-one-half weeks
d) Since the project is about 20% behind, increase the project to about 12 week.
e) Add three people to the project – AND – increase the overall project by one week (to a total of ten weeks)
Ans: c
50. Garrett has been told by management that his project MUST be completed on time. His best estimates are more than two
weeks after the absolute deadline. Which technique could he use to get a functional system on time?
a) Risk management
b) System prototyping
c) Benchmarking
d) Timeboxing
e) Activity elimination
Ans: d
54. A two-person team has single line of communication; a three-person team will have three lines of communication; a four-
person team will have six lines of communication. A team with n members will have:
a) n! (n factorial) lines of communication
b) n2 (n squared) lines of communication
c) ((n * (n-1)) / n) lines of communication
d) ((n * (n-1)) / 2) lines of communication
e) (n2 / n!) (n squared divided by n factorial) lines of communication
Ans: d
55. If the skills required by a project cannot be met by the available project team, which would probably NOT be a reasonable
solution?
a) Use a consultant
b) Use a contract employee
c) Modify the project to use skills inherent on the project team
d) Train the project team (or some of the team) on the skills needed
e) Mentor a team member (like sending a person to work on a similar project to acquire the necessary skills)
Ans: c
57. Rich is a manager in the accounting department. After the system proposal is approved, he realizes that he did not mention
that they want the new system to run on laptops, mobile PDA’s and other mobile devices with a secure login and all data
should be encrypted to meet the latest security guidelines. He wants to make sure this is included in the project. This
probably is:
a) Scope creep
b) Technical feasibility
c) Infrastructure requirement
d) Already included in the system proposal
e) Unrelated to the project
Ans: a
59. PMP is People – Management – Project – the three components of successful project management. False
62. A critical success factor for project management is to start with a realistic assessment of the work that needs to be
accomplished. True
63. A critical success factor for project management is to have a positive return on investment within six years. False
64. Investments in information systems projects today are evaluated in the context of an entire portfolio of projects. True
65. In today’s organizations, an approval committee must review and monitor project progress to ensure project continuance.
True
66. In most IT departments, the demand for IT projects is generally about the same as the department’s ability to supply them.
False
67. The corporate IT department carefully needs to prioritize, select and manage a portfolio of projects. True
68. Projects can be classified by: size, cost, purpose, length, programming language and hardware platform. False
69. The project methodology that takes the longest to complete is the Waterfall Development Methodology. True
70. The project methodology that takes the longest to complete is Throwaway Prototyping Methodology. False
71. The project methodology that takes the longest to complete is Extreme Programming Methodology. False
72. The Waterfall Methodology generally follows the SDLC from phase to phase. True
73. The Waterfall Methodology breaks the overall project into a series of release versions. False
74. The Parallel Methodology breaks the overall project into a series of release versions. False
75. The Iterative approach of the RAD methodology breaks the overall project into a series of release versions. True
76. The V-model is a variation of the Waterfall Methodology that stresses testing. True
77. The V-model is a rapid application development (RAD) methodology that stresses user involvement and organizational
adoption. False
78. The Throwaway Prototyping methodology is especially good for exploring design alternatives. True
79. The Throwaway Prototyping methodology is good at creating release version 1.0 for users; and then the methodology shifts
80. Throwaway Prototyping balances the benefits of well-thought-out analysis and design phases with the advantages of using
81. Agile Development stresses analysis, modeling and documentation over programming. False
82. Extreme Programming (XP) stresses customer satisfaction and teamwork. True
schedule and where the need for schedule visibility is low – the best methodology might be Extreme programming. False
84. Scope creep is when somebody pours ‘scope mouthwash’ on you. False
85. Scope creep is when new requirements are added to the project after the original project scope was defined and 'frozen’.True
86. The margin of error in cost and time estimates can be as much as 20% in the planning phase for the system proposal
deliverable. False
87. The science (or art) of project management is setting a schedule and sticking to it no matter what – even if that includes
working weekends and adding staff to reach the deadline on time. False
88. Wendy has been informed by the CIO that the project she is managing MUST be done by December 20th and must be fully
tested and implemented by December 31st. She realizes that will mean she will have to prioritize the functionality and build
the system to meet the core functions, even if that means something gets delayed until the next release of that system. She is
89. Wendy has been informed by the CIO that the project she is managing MUST be done by December 20th and must be fully
tested and implemented by December 31st. She realizes that will mean she will have to prioritize the functionality and build
the system to meet the core functions, even if that means something gets delayed until the next release of that system. She is
90. A classic planning mistake mentioned in the textbook is having an ‘overly optimistic schedule’. True
91. A classic planning mistake mentioned in the textbook is motivating employees with financial rewards instead of recognition
92. Nate is managing a project that is behind by one month with five months to go. He should add four to six staff persons to the
93. Using industry standards, the general estimated project time for the Implementation phase is 15%. False
94. Using industry standards, the general estimated project time for the Implementation phase is 30%. True
95. Using industry standards, the general estimated project time for the Planning phase is 15%. True
96. Using industry standards, the general estimated project time for the Analysis phase is 20% True
97. Using industry standards, the general estimated project time for the Design phase is 50% False
98. Scrum, XP and Dynamic systems development method (DSDM) are all classified as ‘agile development’ concepts. True
99. The traditional methodology that emphasizes all of the steps of the SDLC in order, but with a stronger emphasis on testing is
100. Either systems prototyping or throwaway prototyping are generally a good methodology choice when the project has unclear
Multiple Choice
2. In the SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle), what comes after the analysis phase?
a) Approval phase
b) Design phase
c) Development phase
d) Implementation phase
e) Planning phase
Ans: b
5. The line between analysis and design is sometimes very blurry. One reason is that _____:
a) Object-oriented methods are generally fuzzier as compared to waterfall methods
b) there is inadequate funding for the analysis phase to do a complete analysis
c) analysts are generally rushed to complete the system proposal
d) scope creep has occurred
e) the deliverables are really the first step in the design of the new system
Ans: e
15. Jona’s project is to take a fairly straight-forward manual process and make it an electronic process. This will make the
processing more efficient. Which of the following requirements analysis strategies is she using?
a) Business Process Automation
b) Business Process Improvement
c) Business Process Internalization
d) Business Process Reengineering
e) Business Process Renovation
Ans: a
16. Two BPA techniques commonly used to identify possible problems in the current system are _____.
a) Problem Analysis and benchmarking
b) Problem Analysis and activity based costing
c) Duration analysis and informal benchmarking
d) Root Cause Analysis and outcome analysis
e) Problem analysis and root cause analysis
Ans: e
18. Omar is making moderate changes to a system in order to take advantage of new opportunities offered by technology or to
emulate what other companies are doing. This would be called:
a) Business Process Automation
b) Business Process Improvement
c) Business Process Internalization
d) Business Process Reengineering
e) Business Process Renovation
Ans: b
19. Sanjay has business colleagues on the Slashdot.org technology forum. He is interested in how they may have implemented
supply chain management systems using radio frequency identification. Sanjay is identifying improvement opportunities
through _____.
a) Duration analysis
b) Outcome analysis
c) Activity-Based Costing
d) Informal Benchmarking
e) Root Cause analysis
Ans: d
21. There are times where what one ‘assumes’ might be incorrect. The analyst may assume that a system needs to have bilingual
language support in California, while the system is only used by a small department where only English is spoken.
Likewise, an analyst may assume that financial data is coming from internal sources, but is largely coming from external
bank regulators and the Federal Reserve Bank. Analyzing the assumptions underlying a process to really understand what
users, customers and others want is:
a) Duration analysis
b) Feasibility analysis
c) Outcome analysis
d) Problem analysis
e) Root cause analysis
Ans: c
22. Moderate changes to existing processes falls under the _________ analysis.
a) Business Process Automation (BPA)
b) Business Process Improvement (BPI)
c) Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
d) Business Process Blue-skying (BPB)
e) Business Process Efficiency (BPE)
Ans: b
23. Myles is studying a system to lessen the number of complaints about the Help Desk. He has formally studied the service
counter at Wal-Mart, Target and Kohl’s department stores; as well as listened in to complaint phone calls to a hotel booking
site. He is trying to see how other organizations work at lessening complaints and also how they handle complaints. This
would be what type of analysis?
a) Complaint processing
b) Design analysis
c) Problem analysis
d) Outcome analysis
e) Informal benchmarking
Ans: e
24. Mya is an analyst for National Homeowners Insurance of Hartford Connecticut. After hurricane Katrina, National
Homeowners took an average of 78 days to assess damage and settle claims in the affected area. While Katrina was an
unusual situation, Mya’s analysis shows that the average claim processing should be less than 10 days for more ‘normal’
insurance processing. What analysis technique is she using?
a) Duration analysis
b) Formal benchmarking
c) Hurricane model analysis
d) Simulation
e) ANOVA forecasting
Ans: a
26. Which of the following requirements analysis techniques would most likely have: moderate project costs; multiple business
functions; moderate risk; and generally offers moderate potential benefits?
a) Business Process Automation (BPA)
b) Business Process Improvement (BPI)
c) Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
d) Business Process Blue-skying (BPB)
e) Business Process Efficiency (BPE)
Ans: b
27. The authors suggest that an analyst is ‘very much like a ____________’ and business users are like elusive suspects.
a) Police professional
b) Politician
c) Forensic scientist
d) Air traffic controller
e) Detective
Ans: e
28. When gathering requirements from processing clerks and lower level managers about ‘how’ a system works, the best
approach might be: _____.
a) JAD session
b) Document analysis
c) Closed ended interview questions
d) Probing interview questions
e) Root cause analysis
Ans: c
29. Amanda sent a list with GPS, RFID, ERP, SOA, SaaS, VoIP and ten additional ‘hot’ technologies to managers at her
company. She wanted them to think how each technology could be applied to current business process. Amanda is
identifying improvement opportunities through _____.
a) Benchmarking
b) Technical feasibility
c) Problem analysis
d) Root cause analysis
e) Technology analysis
Ans: e
30. An analysis team consisting of users, managers, and analysts, are doing activity elimination analysis. They are probably in
the midst of:
a) Business Process Automation (BPA)
b) Business Process Improvement (BPI)
c) Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
d) Business Process Blue-skying (BPB)
e) Business Process Efficiency (BPE)
Ans: c
33. When gathering requirements, the most commonly used technique is: __________
a) Document Analysis
b) Interviews
c) Joint Application Development (JAD) sessions
d) Questionnaires / surveys
e) Observation
Ans: b
34. A technique where the project team, users, and management work together for several hours or several days or several weeks
until the needed information is collected is: _____.
a) Document Analysis
b) Interviews
c) Joint Application Development (JAD) sessions
d) Questionnaires / surveys
e) Observation
Ans: c
35. A technique where a set of written (or online) questions are distributed to people (frequently to a large number of people) is:
_____.
a) Document Analysis
b) Interviews
c) Joint Application Development (JAD) sessions
d) Questionnaires / surveys
e) Observation
Ans: d
36. A technique where an analyst goes through binders of information about a system, such as processes, procedures, etc. is
__________
a) Document Analysis
b) Interviews
c) Joint Application Development (JAD) sessions
d) Questionnaires / surveys
e) Observation
Ans: a
43. During an interview with a technical support specialist, she uses an acronym XYZ that you are not familiar with. You
should:
a) Note it in your interview notes to ‘Google’ it when you are done to learn about it
b) Not ask her for the meaning as you are a professional in the area and to ask would undermine your credibility
c) Let it pass as she will probably explain it more later in the interview
d) Act like you know the meaning and even use in a question like “How do you support XYZ in your processing”?
e) Ask her to explain the term. Some departments have special jargon that needs interpretation
Ans: e
45. In your JAD session, you have a range of participants – from hourly workers to managers and executives. As you are
conducting the JAD session, you sense that Chris, an accounts receivable processor is reluctant to talk – and it seems that is
because Karen, the manager of the accounting department is also involved. The BEST plan might be to:
a) Quietly ask Karen at a break to encourage Chris to join in more
b) Quietly ask Chris at a break to join in more
c) Let it be, and after the JAD session is over, schedule an interview with Chris
d) Ask Chris a direct factual question that you know he can answer
e) After the first day, replace Chris with another accounts receivable person who will speak up
Ans: d
46. Your new online customer relationship management (CRM) system has been in place for 3 months. You want to get
feedback on how it has been received by customers. What might be the best approach?
a) Select three customers at random and call them for their feedback
b) Develop an online survey and e-mail a link to the survey to all customers that have used the system
c) Develop an online survey and e-mail a link to a random group of five customers that have used the system
d) Arrange to be with three customers when they use the system to observe how they use it
e) Interview three help desk staff people as to complaints and feedback they have gotten from users.
Ans: b
47. The interview process has gone well. There are a few things that need clarification and what really happens when specific
financial analysts use the system. Which of the following might be the best way to verify what does happen?
a) Observation of how the analysts do their work
b) Document analysis of what the system was to do
c) A JAD session with end users, financial analysts and top managers
d) Additional interviews with top level managers in the finance area
e) Questionnaires / survey of end users of the system
Ans: a
48. Sridhar is interviewing the manager in the stock room about a new supply chain system project. He wants to start with some
specific questions, and then move to broader general questions about stock room processes and procedures. Sridhar is using
the _____ interview structure.
a) Closed ended
b) Open ended
c) Bottom up
d) Top down
e) Probing
Ans: c
49. To make his interviewee at ease, Karolyn has decided on asking general questions first and then moving to more detailed
questions. She is using a _________ interviewing structure.
a) Top down
b) Bottom up
c) Closed ended
d) Open ended
e) Probing
Ans: a
51. Michael, a systems analyst, is preparing a closed wiki site for Northstate Bank. He has written permission from eight other
companies to view their internal wiki sites, and also has approval from his manager and the project team to use these other
sites for ideas and structure. This would be a form of:
a) Business Process Automation
b) Business Process Improvement
c) Informal Benchmarking
d) Formal Benchmarking
e) Technology Analysis
Ans: d
52. Rosa is creating an interview plan that lists the questions that she will ask and she is trying to anticipate the possible answers.
This would be done in which step of the interview process?
a) Selecting interviewees
b) Designing interview questions
c) Preparing for the interview
d) Conducting the interview
e) Post-interview follow-up
Ans: c
53. Bridget needs to interview Yuri. She contacts him to verify the areas where he has knowledge so he is able to answer the
questions. This would be done in which step of the interview process?
a) Selecting interviewees
b) Designing interview questions
c) Preparing for the interview
d) Conducting the interview
e) Post-interview follow-up
Ans: c
54. Paul is interviewing Ming. He first explains why he is there and what he wants to accomplish in the interview. This would
be done in which step of the interview process?
a) Selecting interviewees
b) Designing interview questions
c) Preparing for the interview
d) Conducting the interview
e) Post-interview follow-up
Ans: d
55. Rafael, Fraud Unit Manager, has just received an interview report from Stefano, a systems analyst. Rafael was interviewed
by Stefano, and was asked to make corrections and clarifications to the interview report. In what interview phase would this
occur?
a) Selecting interviewees
b) Designing interview questions
c) Preparing for the interview
d) Conducting the interview
e) Post-interview follow-up
Ans: e
57. Damian, a systems analysst, is getting frustrated. With the other analysts on the project team, he started developing an
interview schedule. But, the list of interviewees has grown significantly. He should have known that would have happened
as it was discussed in the textbook in which of the following interviewing phases?
a) Selecting interviewees
b) Designing interview questions
c) Preparing for the interview
d) Conducting the interview
e) Post-interview follow-up
Ans: a
58. Michelle is going to facilitate a JAD session. She has prepared ground rules. In what step of the JAD process is this done?
a) Selecting participants
b) Designing the JAD session
c) Preparing for the JAD session
d) Conducting the JAD session
e) Post-JAD follow-up
Ans: d
59. One of the major differences between a JAD session and an interview is:
a) Selecting participants
b) Figuring out what is to be done
c) Preparing for the session
d) Writing up results and a report
e) All JAD sessions are structured and must be carefully planned
Ans: e
60. One difference between the reports from interviews and from a JAD session is that:
a) It describes information from the interview or JAD session
b) The interview report will give a complete project management timeline; while the JAD session report will not
c) The interview report is generally written within 48 hours of the interview; while the JAD session report may take a week or
two after the JAD session.
d) The JAD report will include results from questionnaires while the interview report will not
e) JAD reports will include technology analysis while interviews will only include root cause analysis
Ans: c
61. During an interview, the analyst has asked several open-ended questions regarding the procedures that are followed to handle
a delinquent customer. Although the supervisor being interviewed has answered the questions, the analyst is still unclear
about several details of the process. The analyst's best course of action is to _____.
a) Ask probing questions to try and get more detail
b) Assume that he can figure out the procedure late after the interview is concluded
c) Give up for now and talk to the supervisor again tomorrow
d) Jump to another unrelated topic
e) Stop the interview and seek a more cooperative subject
Ans: a
64. Lars wants to combine information from a variety of perspectives, as well as build consensus, and use a requirements
gathering technique that has a good chance at reducing scope creep. He probably will use: _____.
a) document analysis
b) interview
c) JAD session
d) observation
e) questionnaire
Ans: c
67. LaChelle has set the agenda, will record the group’s input on a public display area (like a white board) and will guide the
discussion during a JAD session. She is serving as the ________.
a) Systems analyst
b) Software engineer
c) Scribe
d) Participant
e) Facilitator
Ans: e
69. Rachel is a systems analyst working on an update to the customer update system. Which of the following might be the best
group to interview?
a) At least one customer service agent (CSA), at least one shift supervisor, and the CSA department manager
b) Three shift supervisors and the department manager
c) Three customer service agents (one with less than one year experience; one with one to five years of experience and one with
over five years of experience, and the finance vice president
d) Three shift supervisors from the customer service department; a shift manager from the call center; and a shift manager from
the stockroom.
e) A manager in the human resources department
Ans: a
70. Thom wants to gather information from outside the organization. He would probably use:
a. Document analysis
b. Interviewing
c. Joint application design (JAD) sessions
d. Observation
e. Questionnaires
Ans: e
71. Marta wants to collect facts and opinions from a wide range of geographically dispersed people quickly and with the least
expense. She would probably want to use:
a) Document analysis
b) Interview
c) JAD session
d) Observation
e) Questionnaires
Ans: e
72. Blaine is using a requirements gathering technique that begins with non-threatening questions, avoids abbreviations, groups
items into logically coherent sections, and might best be used with outside users. He probably is using:
a) Document analysis
b) Interview
c) JAD session
d) Observation
e) Questionnaires
Ans: e
73. During the interview process, you were told how well the current system works. You have decided to observe how one of
the electronic order forms is processed. Daniel, an order processing clerk, takes all the queued information and prints it out.
He then circles the order number and the total amount and types it into a spreadsheet. Ultimately he will total the individual
amounts. This is a(n) _______ system.
a) Customer friendly
b) Documentation
c) Formal
d) Informal
e) Policy
Ans: d
75. What information-gathering strategy enables the analyst to see the reality of the situation rather than listen to others describe
it?
a) Document analysis
b) Interviewing
c) Joint application design (JAD) sessions
d) Observation
e) Questionnaires
Ans: d
76. During observation Kim has learned that the users in the inventory monitoring department have created their own forms.
This is a clear sign that the _____.
a) As-is system is meeting user needs
b) Department was overlooked during the interview process
c) Process does not need improvements
d) System needs to be changed
e) Users in the department are innovative
Ans: d
77. Theresa would like to gain a broad understanding of just the as-is system, but the IS department has not fully budgeted this
phase of the analysis process and she has not been given permission to contact the users. She could probably use which of
the following techniques?
a) Document analysis
b) Interviews
c) JAD
d) Observation
e) Questionnaires
Ans: a
78. One of the first activities of an analyst is to determine the business requirements for the new system True
79. The SDLC moves from the current system (often called the “past system”) to the new system (often called the “future
system”). False
80. The output of the analysis phase is the ‘system proposal’. True
81. The system proposal with all supporting materials generally goes to the Chief Information Officer (CIO), who is responsible
82. The SDLC phases are all very unique and sharply delineated. False
83. Some people have suggested that the ‘analysis’ phase could be clearer if it was called the ‘analysis and initial design’ phase.
True
84. When dealing with a global information supply chain, functional requirements generally increase exponentially, while
85. Jorge, Vice President of Operations, has requested that the updated supply chain system keep a record of all ‘stock-outs’ for
86. Maria, a systems analyst, is tweaking the high-level explanation of the business requirements into a more precise list of
87. Generally ‘system requirements’ are developed in the analysis phase and evolve to more technical ‘business requirements’ in
88. In interviews, Ross has learned that the new order entry system must be available in at least three formats (mobile, web
browser, and local area network based); that it must function in either English or Spanish; and that the system must return
order forms and data in less than 2 seconds. He recognizes these as nonfunctional requirements. True
89. Kathy Ford is InformSystems Incorporated’s compliance officer. In working with analyst Catherine Steele on the updated
system for accounting for uncollectable debts (‘write offs’), Kathy is creating some additional requirements for the system.
These additional requirements will only be nonfunctional in nature as they specific data that management must provide to the
90. The most important purpose of the requirements definition is to define the scope of the system. True
91. When prioritizing business requirements, the analyst is probably using the Waterfall method. False
92. Michael, a systems analyst, is working on a project. One thing he can do is to rank the business requirements as “high”,
93. To create the requirements definition, the project team first should consider the kinds of functional and non-functional
94. Miski has modified an existing time reporting system for hourly employees to be more efficient as they can text message
when they are leaving a job site. This would be an example of Business Process Automation. True
96. In BPA and BPI, analysis is generally divided into three steps: understanding the as-is system; developing a cost-benefit
97. In RAD or agile development methodology (especially with BPR), a significant amount of time and effort is spent in
98. Andrei is an analyst on a project that is making small to moderate changes in an existing system. He needs to be able to
recognize strengths and weaknesses in the as-is system and in the various improvements that have been suggested and he
99. Anne has asked users and managers to identify problems with the as-is system and to describe how to solve them in the to-be
system. She is probably doing Business Process Automation (BPA) in this case.True
100. Marta wants to focus on ‘why’ a particular lockout situation occurs on a customer relationship management system, rather
than just developing a work-around fix. She is doing activity elimination. False
101. Online loan companies (like LendingTree) attempt to return quotes for loans within an hour. With more traditional banks,
getting a quote on a loan may take weeks to a month. Two techniques that were probably carefully analyzed in creating
online loan quotation systems would be duration analysis and activity elimination. True
102. Standard Foundry had made drill bits for over 100 years as a family owned business. When Titus Newhouse took over as
President from his uncle in 2008, he announced to their employees that they were no longer in the drill bit business, but in
the hole making business. This would be an example of outcome analysis in BPR. True
103. Cindi Flores distributed ‘white-papers’ on RFID, ERP, GPS and SOA to a user-management group. She then asked them to
‘think outside the box’ on where these technologies could be used in the company. This would be an example of ‘technology
analysis’. True
104. Maxi-Dental systems had grown rapidly from a regional distributor of dental equipment to the largest dental equipment
manufacture, rental, distributor and wholesaler by acquiring a variety of competitors and other associated companies. But,
their accounting systems were very disjointed and it was almost impossible to integrate sales with supply chain and
manufacturing logistics. An ambitious plan was promoted by the CIO to implement SAP throughout the company within
eighteen months as an integrated enterprise relationship planning system. In terms of potential business value, this could be
very rewarding, but the time frame and resources to accomplish this project were questioned. The company should do an
105. The requirements-gathering process is used for building financial support for the project and establishing common
understanding of technologies and rapport between the project team building the system and the users of the system. False
106. The most commonly used requirements gathering technique is the interview.. True
107. In terms of reaching the most number of people in requirements gathering, interviews are considered better than
questionnaires. False
on limiting the interviewing to four people: the campus president, the chair of the marketing academic department, the chair
of the information systems management department, and the vice president of alumni affairs. She feels that this broad cross
section will give her insights into the campus direction, marketing approaches, technologies of interest, and alumni
109. Yuri wants to interview both managers and staff in the accounting department for the updated credit analysis project. This is
111. For an updated global accounting system, Lisa has had trouble identifying which of the 34 accounting clerks to interview to
better understand the process. Ultimately she decides on interviewing all of them, but limiting the interviews to no longer
than twenty minutes each. This is an appropriate interviewee selection process. False
112. For an updated global accounting system, Lisa has had trouble identifying which of the 34 accounting clerks to interview to
better understand the process. She should work with the project sponsor, key business users and other members of the
113. The three types of interview questions are: multiple choice, fill in the blank and short answer. False
114. Frequently you should start an interview session with a single probing question. This will indicate to the interviewee that this
is a serious interview and that by starting with a probing question you can eliminate some weaker questions and move the
115. The authors have suggested that open-ended questions are generally much better for interviews. False
116. In preparing for an interview, TJ does research as to areas in which the interviewee has knowledge so that he does not ask
117. Generally beginning analysts should avoid unstructured interviews and likewise should avoid “winging it”. True
118. Sara, an analyst, has an interview with Michael Welter, senior accountant in the accounts receivable area. Prior to the
interview, she sent an email to Michael giving him the reasons for the interview, some of the issues and areas she is studying,
and some information about both the project and herself to help establish a good foundation for the interview. This is a
119. In order to observe body language, facial expressions and to build rapport through eye-to-eye contact, interviewers should
120. While you are interviewing a person, you should clarify points you didn’t understand and also summarize key points. True
121. You are interviewing Divya, one of the lead sales analysts. She states that the average returns on consumer electronic goods
over $100 have run from 15 to 18% in the past six months. You should not question her as to whether it is fact or opinion.
False
submission system requirements gathering. With a few minutes left in the session, you should ask Sarah if she has any
123. Gary has eight interviews to conduct over the next week. Once he has completed all interviews, he should then write up a
summary report. Preparing interview reports prior to completing all interviews will generally be premature until Gary has
124. Unless ordered by the lead analyst for a project, you should not share your interview report with those that you interviewed.
Doing so will almost always result in scope creep and changes in the requirements. False
126. Some experts have claimed that JAD can reduce scope creep by 50% and generally create appropriate requirements that are
127. Rebecca, a fairly new employee in the company and Matt, her boss (who has been with the company for 22 years) are in
your JAD session. It would probably be expected that Rebecca would not share much in the session. True
128. You are selecting participants for a two week JAD requirements session. The initial system proposal seemed to be a major
revenue producer for the company but the requirements are still somewhat vague. You really want two specific people in the
session – Ella Kinsey, senior account executive and Sean Duffy, who has been recognized for outstanding contributions to
the department (and was highly suggested by the project sponsor). But, they are busy people and don’t want to give up two
weeks of their time for a JAD session. In this case, you should press the project sponsor to get these two people to the
session. True
129. In conducting a JAD session, you can tell Bruce (senior financial analyst) is not pleased with the direction the session is
going. Bruce has become sarcastic and negative. He has insisted on going over an important point at least four times. The
next time Bruce interrupts you should be prepared to cut him off and demand his attention and respect as he is wasting the
130. Being a JAD facilitator is fairly easy. It is primarily a ‘traffic cop’ position – insuring that everybody gets a chance to share
in the discussion, that all are focusing on the task at hand, that conflicts are effectively handled. It requires less preparation
131. Your company has grown by acquisition and mergers with similar businesses in other parts of the world. You are working on
an online vendor support system, where vendors can track orders with your company. The idea is still in the early stages of
analysis. The best tool to get feedback from many vendors and supplier around the globe would be a questionnaire. True
132. In developing a questionnaire, you should frequently alter scale order (for example on some questions 1 is best and 5 is
worst; and on other questions 1 is worst and 5 is best). Many respondents will read the first two questions and then just fill
out the questionnaire using the scale for the first two questions. By altering the scale order, respondents will have to read
each question carefully and read the possible responses carefully, which will result in better and more reliable feedback.
False
134. Your company updated its processes for financial reporting when Sarbanes-Oxley became law. Additional changes in
Sarbanes-Oxley reporting have been mandated to start in one year. To help you understand the as-is system, you should
review the documentation, processes and procedures that were developed with the initial Sarbanes-Oxley project. True
135. You have found documentation from 1994 on an accounts payable system. In asking the project sponsor, you find out the
system has not changed since then. Therefore, you should rely on the documentation that you found almost exclusively.
False
136. In studying duration analysis of a paper-based loan improvement process, you should be able to get all the information you
need about the length of time sub-processes require from interviewing. False
137. Document analysis and observation are usually best for understanding the as-in system. True
138. To get to more depth in understanding the as-is system, document analysis and observation generally are more beneficial as
139. One of the most challenging aspects of requirement gathering is the integration of information from different sources. In
using the various requirements gathering techniques, you may find some information is in conflict. To solve this, analysts
should contact each information source in turn attempting to reconcile the differences. True
Multiple Choice
6. Which of the following is probably NOT a step for writing a use case?
a) Identify the use case
b) Identify the major steps within each use case
c) Identify elements within steps
d) Identify the analyst
e) Confirm the use case
Ans: d
8. Omar is an analyst building a use case. Which of the following project roles might be the most important in terms of getting
information about building the use case?
a) Users
b) Programmers
c) Other analysts
d) Project Sponsor
e) Equipment vendors
Ans: a
10. Austin is a systems analyst. Which of the follow people might be the most valuable to him in developing a use case for an
accounts payable system upgrade?
a) Beth, a software vendor for Peachtree Accounting Software
b) Amy, a team manager in the accounts payable department
c) Lisa, the project manager for the project
d) Casey, a fellow analyst who is more experienced in making use cases
e) Bill, a Java programmer in the applications development area.
Ans: b
11. Barb is an analyst developing a use case. Which of the following will probably NOT be on her use case?
a) Importance level
b) Short Description
c) Information for steps
d) Destination for the major inputs
e) Type of trigger
Ans: d
12. Barton is an analyst developing a use case. Which of the following will probably NOT be on his use case?
a) Description of data flows
b) Use case name
c) A use case number
d) Source for the major inputs
e) Type of trigger
Ans: a
13. Destination would be described on a use case in which of the following areas?:
a) Trigger
b) Major inputs
c) Major outputs
d) Primary actor
e) Importance level
Ans: c
15. Ralph wants to illustrate how a system interacts with the environment. The best solution for him would be to use a
________:
a) Requirements flow chart
b) Storyboard
c) HIPO chart (hierarchy, input, process, output)
d) Use case
e) Gantt chart
Ans: d
16. Marta has asked the users of a system to picture themselves performing the processes and to write down those processes in a
sequential order. She should get a good idea of ________.
a) The major steps for each use case
b) The use case
c) The elements within steps
d) The temporal triggers
e) The external actors
Ans: a
17. You might have to go back and adjust the steps in a use case, if ____________
a) There are more than three major inputs to a step
b) The steps are of varying size
c) The trigger is an external one
d) The importance level is ‘high’
e) The primary actor is an external customer
Ans: b
18. Special cases (like customer cancels an appointment or returns an item) are: ____________
a) Frequently overlooked by users
b) Described on special ‘exception’ use cases
c) Not of importance at this stage
d) Written as exceptions at the bottom of the relevant use case
e) Given use case ID’s of “SC” (for special case) and a number
Ans: a
19. Role-playing the use case with actual users is a good way to:
a) Identify the use case
b) Identify the major steps within each use case
c) Identify elements within steps
d) Confirm the use case
e) Identify the primary actor
Ans: d
22. After working with Chris (who is a staff member in the registrar’s office) on major steps in the registration process, Maureen
(a systems analyst) will:
a) Discuss these steps with Thomas, the project manager
b) Create data-entity maps
c) Create use cases
d) Create user interface screens
e) Create narrative storyboards
Ans: c
23. As a last step in building a use case for the study-abroad registration system, Brianna will:
a) Ask Patrick in the study abroad office to confirm the use case
b) Ask Wendy in the registrar’s office to confirm the use case
c) Ask Jonathan, a student who just completed a study-abroad experience, to confirm the use case
d) Ask Drew in the students affairs office to confirm the use case
e) Ask Taylor, another systems analyst to confirm the use case
Ans: b
24. The Major Inputs section on a use case will give the _____________
a) Sources of that input
b) Destinations of that input
c) Creator of that input
d) User of that input
e) What triggers the input to occur
Ans: a
25. The Major Outputs section on a use case will give the _________
a) Sources of that input
b) Destinations of that input
c) Creator of that input
d) User of that input
e) What triggers the input to occur
Ans: b
26. The Major Steps Performed section on a use case will give the _________
a) Name of the user for each step
b) What triggers each step
c) Where the processes will run (such as manual processes, client-server processes, etc.)
d) The telecommunications infrastructure requirements for that step
e) Information for each step
Ans: e
27. When developing the Major Inputs and Major Outputs for a use case, the analyst and users should consider:
a) Only the common inputs and outputs
b) Developing separate use cases for every possible input and every possible output
c) All possible inputs and outputs (even with rare occurrences)
d) What triggers these inputs and outputs
e) Using activity elimination to see if these inputs and outputs are really needed
Ans: c
29. The second principal part of use cases is ‘input and output’. Another name might be:
a) Origin and ending
b) Data normalization
c) Data flows
d) Parallelism
e) Program specifications
Ans: c
True / False
32. A Use Case is a formal way of representing how a business system interacts with its environment. True
33. Each Use Case generally describes one or more systems requirements. True
37. Use cases illustrate the activities that are performed by the users of the system. True
38. Use cases illustrate the activities that are performed by the designers of the system. False
39. Use cases are always internal and rarely shared or discussed with business users. False
40. A use case depicts a set of activities performed to produce some output result. True
41. Use cases are diagrams with three components: selection, process, iteration. False
42. How an external user triggers an event is described in a use case. True
45. When you are ‘reengineering’ a process, it is rarely necessary to employ use cases. False
46. Each use case contains a fairly complete description of all the activities that occur in response to a trigger event. True
Each use case has the same name (like “Customer Relationship Management System”) followed by an identifying letter (“A”,
48. Use cases will generally have the following components: name, number, primary actor, trigger, major inputs, major
49. Use cases are always numbered sequentially from start to finish. False
50. Essential use cases, describing activities that the system must perform are numbered in the 100’s (100, 200, etc.). False
51. The ‘primary actor’ is the external user that triggers the event to which the system responds. True
52. The ‘primary actor’ is the internal action that occurs based on a SQL query (like: sort, select). False
53. Generally the primary actor will be someone external to the system, such as a customer. True
54. A trigger is based on cost/benefit analysis, like an employee labor report, a sale of an item, or the purchase of new
hardware. False
55. External triggers might be something like a customer calling a doctor for an appointment or a student registering for a
class. True
56. A temporal trigger might be related to time, such as 30 days have passed and a late fee needs to be assessed. True
58. Use cases will give details on the major steps. True
59. The most common ways to gather information for use cases are through interviews and JAD sessions. True
60. The most common ways to gather information for use cases is with questionnaires of the affected users. False
61. Use cases generally have up to 20 major steps spelled out in great detail. False
62. Dr. O’Brien’s dental office calls a patient three days before an appointment. This could be an example of a temporal
trigger. True
63. Tina is a systems analysis and is describing how a system should react to an event. She is creating a use case. True
64. Liang has identified the payroll authorization office as the primary actor in a use case. This would be incorrect as
65. If there are more than 20 major use cases, you should group them into segments. False
66. Project managers, business analysts and systems analysts create all use cases without user input. False
67. The final step in Building Use Cases is to use a CASE analysis tool to verify that the inputs and outputs are discrete items
68. The final step in building use cases is for the users to confirm the use cases as written with the users. True
Multiple Choice
9. The relation between use cases and data flow diagrams is generally:
a) Use cases are developed by users and data flow diagrams are developed by systems analysts
b) Data flow diagrams are developed first and then use cases ensue
c) Use cases are developed first and then data flow diagrams ensue
d) Use cases show logical processes, while data flow diagrams show physical processes
e) There is not a relationship between use cases and data flow diagrams
Ans: c
15. The relationship between use cases and data flow diagrams is:
a) Use cases tend to be developed with users to make sure the analyst has fully captured the processes and relationships; DFD’s
are built upon the use cases to more fully formally understand the processes involved
b) Both are tools in a systems analysts toolbox, although they do unrelated things
c) Use cases are developed by users exclusively; while DFD’s are developed by analysts exclusively
d) Use cases come out of JAD sessions and clarify what was discussed by users in those sessions; DFD’s come out of analysts
interviews.
e) They are the same thing – use cases are process models using the DeMarco and Yourdon notation; and DFD’s are process
models using the Gane and Sarson notation.
Ans: a
16. A new patient calls up an optometrist office to make an appointment. On a DFD diagram, the new patient would be
represented by:
a) a data flow
b) a process
c) an external entity
d) a trigger
e) a data store
Ans: c
17. Andrea is creating a diagram model for processes (without regard to whether it is computerized or a manual process). She is
probably creating _______________.
a) A physical process model
b) A PMT (process management tool) model
c) A logical process model
d) A user process model
e) A UML system case model
Ans: c
18. Ruth is an analyst. On her DFD diagram she has just placed a process. She will
a) Give it a verb phrase name, like ‘search inventory’
b) Give it a noun description phrase, like ‘Inventory-process-1’
c) Give it only a number – and depending on whether it is a major process (a whole number) or a subsidiary process (a whole
number with a decimal point and value – like 1.3)
d) Give it a sentence name, like ‘Customer arrives at checkout counter’
e) Use whatever process she feels comfortable with – as long as she is consistent
Ans: a
19. Which Data Flow Diagram shows the entire system with its environment with only one process?
a) Context Diagram
b) Level 0 diagrams
c) Level 1 diagrams
d) Level 2 diagrams
e) All DFDs show this
Ans: a
21. Which Data Flow Diagram does not have data stores?
a) Context diagram
b) Level 0 diagram
c) Level 1 diagrams
d) Level 2 diagrams
e) Process Diagram
Ans: a
22. The act of taking a level 1 diagram and creating level 2 diagrams is called:
a) Breakdown
b) Division
c) Decomposing
d) Splitting
e) Halving
Ans: c
23. On your level 0 diagram you have a process #2 and when you create a level 1 diagram for process #2, you might have
processes like:
a) 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
b) 2-1, 2-2, 2-3
c) 2A, 2B, 2C
d) 2-A, 2-B, 2-C
e) 2-initial, 2-main, 2-end
Ans: a
24. On your level 0 diagrams you have a process #3 and on your level 1 diagrams for process #3, you have processes numbered
3.1, 3.2, and 3.3. These would be called:
a) Offspring of process 3
b) Sons of process 3
c) Children of process 3
d) Roots of process 3
e) Leaves of process 3
Ans: c
25. A payroll data flow diagram has a data-store called Accumulated Salary Data. At one stage in the DFD, a process “Calculate
YTD-Taxes” gets data from that data store, updates it in the process, and writes it back out. The diagram should show:
a) A single line with arrows on both ends labeled YTD Payroll Details
b) A dashed line with arrows on both ends labeled YTD Payroll Details
c) A line out of the data store labeled: Current YTD Payroll Details; and a line into the data store labeled: Updated YTD Payroll
Details
d) Two separate data flow lines but each with the same name YTD Payroll Details
e) Two dashed lines but each with the same name of YTD Payroll Details
Ans: c
27. Mark has a data store called ‘Items’ and it includes all the items sold in a convenience store – sorted by UPC code with the
retail price of the item. He has only one data flow called ‘Item Details’ that flows from the data store to the Process
Checkout process. What will be true in this case?
a) This is incorrect as every data store must have both inputs and outputs
b) This is incorrect as every process must have both inputs and outputs
c) This is incorrect as the data flow should have a verb phrase like ‘Get Item Details’
d) This is incorrect as there is no way to update the ‘Items’ data store
e) This is correct
Ans: e
28. On a data flow diagram, there is an arrow called ‘student record details’. This would be:
a) A process
b) A data flow
c) A data store
d) An external entity
e) It is impossible to tell from the information given
Ans: b
29. Vanessa has a data flow diagram with an item called ‘Register for Class’. That item would be:
a) A process
b) A data flow
c) A data store
d) An external entity
e) A process relationship
Ans: a
30. On the context diagram, Tim has a process called “Start the Process”. It has one output data flow ‘Initial Data’ and no input
data flows. This is:
a) Totally acceptable for a context diagram
b) Incorrect for a context diagram, but acceptable on the Level 0 diagram
c) Incorrect for both a context and Level 0 diagrams, but acceptable for a Level 1 diagram
d) Incorrect for context, level 0, level 1, but acceptable for a level 2 diagram
e) Incorrect in all situations
Ans: e
31. Andrei has a diagram that shows only one process and external entities. He is developing a:
a) Context diagram
b) Use case diagram
c) Level 0 diagram
d) Level 1 diagram
e) Level 2 diagram
Ans: a
33. What diagram will have processes with one decimal place (like 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) and might have flows coming in (or going
out) that are not illustrated?
a) Context diagram
b) Level 0 diagram
c) Level 1 diagram
d) UML state diagram
e) Level 0 diagram
Ans: c
34. What diagram will have sub-processes with numbers like 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 (etc) and also have flows coming in (or going
out) that are not illustrated?
a) Context diagram
b) Level 0 diagram
c) Gantt diagram
d) Level 1 diagram
e) Level 2 diagram
Ans: e
35. Data that might be in data bases or tables that is accessed in DFD diagrams is called:
a) Data base repository
b) Data table
c) Data flow
d) Data store
e) Data bank
Ans: d
41. Carlos has a Level 0 DFD diagram where one of the external entities is the “Internal Revenue Service” – and he has a data
store called “Tax Rate Table”. He has drawn a data flow arrow from the Internal Revenue Service to the data store as the
data has been loaded into the Tax Rate Table prior to the processing. What would be true?
a) This is correct
b) This is incorrect, ‘data at rest stays at rest until moved by a process’ so he needs a process (like ‘load Tax Rate Table’) first in
this system
c) This is incorrect – he doesn’t need a data flow as the data was loaded into the Tax Rate Table someplace else (within the
payroll system someplace, but not in this process)
d) This is almost correct. The correct diagram would be a dashed line indicating that the loading of the data was implied prior
to the start of this process
e) This is incorrect. What should happen is an ‘external process’ should be called at the start of the process – like “Call IRS for
data load”
Ans: c
42. You have a Patient Processing data flow diagram for a hospital system. Data that is retrieved from a Patient data store
includes: patient name, phone number, health insurance, HIPAA identifier, and more. In creating the level 1 diagram where
you retrieve data from that data store you:
a) Must explicitly list each data item coming from the data store
b) May give the data flow as ‘Patient Details’ instead of listing all data items
c) May aggregate as many as four data items together (so if twelve data items are being moved, you need to show three data
flows)
d) List only the items normally used in the process (with data that might not be used unless there is some rare processing
situation not listed)
e) Either (a) or (c) above
Ans: b
43. Amy has created a context diagram. What one DFD component is probably not shown?
a) Process
b) Data flow
c) UML Stage
d) Data store
e) External Entity
Ans: d
50. Tom is trying to change his Use Case into a Data Flow Diagram. He has found that a use case step generally is the same as a
________ on the Level 1 Data flow diagram.
a) Process
b) External Entity
c) Data flow
d) Internal Entity
e) Data store
Ans: a
53. Ramesh has drawn a set of DFD’s that are not properly balanced. This is probably a:
a) Syntax error
b) Semantic error
c) Modeling error
d) First law of conservation of data error
e) Second law of conservation of data eror
Ans: a
TRUE / FALSE
54. The normal order of processes would be: requirements gathering, use case development, process modeling (data flow
diagrams). True
55. A process model is an informal way of showing the external entities, event triggers, inputs and outputs. False
56. A process model is a formal way of representing how a business system operates. True
57. Process models are only used to document the current system (that is, the “as-is” system), since that is the system the users
58. Process models can be used with either ‘as-is’ systems or ‘to-be’ systems. True
59. There are many process modeling techniques used today. True
60. Data Flow diagramming is a tool for doing process modeling. True
61. Data flow diagrams (as the name implies) focus on the physical data in a system. False
62. According to the authors “Process modeling – and creating DFDs in particular – is one of the most important skills needed
63. According to the authors “Process modeling – and the creating of PMPs in particular – is one of the most important skills
64. With logical process modeling (using data flow diagrams), you can tell if the process is a manual one or a computerized one.
False
66. Processes in DFDs are shown as circles in the Gane and Sarson notation. False
67. Processes in DFDs are shown as rounded rectangles in the Gane and Sarson notation. True
69. Data that is moving from a process to another process is called a ‘data flow’. False
70. In drawing DFD’s, arrows are used to show data flows. True
72. Data that is coming from a process and going to a data store (or database) will have an arrow head pointing towards the data
store. True
73. Data (like Year-to-date totals) that come from a data store and are used in a process (like ‘Calculate YTD Totals’) and then
the updated amounts are written back to the data store – can be drawn on a DFD model as a two-headed arrow. False
74. A well-constructed use case makes developing a data flow diagram fairly straightforward. True
75. The major inputs and major outputs listed on the use case provide a list of the sources and destinations of the inflows and
76. The data stores on the DFD correspond to Major Steps Performed on a use case. False
77. Every process on a DFD must have at least one input data flow. True
78. Data flows to a process must be balanced, like if there are two input data flows, there MUST be two output data flows. False
79. Processes on a DFD are named with noun phrases (like: Payroll Update Process). False
80. Every process has a unique identification number, a name and a description. True
81. Processes should be named with a verb and ending with a noun (like Calculate Sales Tax). True
82. A data flow is a single piece of data – or a logical collection of several pieces of information. True
83. Data flows are named with verb phrases (like ‘Move Payroll Information to Payroll Database’). False
84. One end of every data flow will always come from – or go to – a process – with an arrow showing the direction into or out of
85. A data repository is a collection of data that is stored in some way on a DFD. False
86. Data stores are named with nouns and have an identification number and description. True
87. Data flows coming out of a data store are dashed lines, data flows coming into a data store are solid lines with a head on the
88. External entities are a person, organization, or system that is external to the system, but interacts with it. True
89. The external entity on a DFD generally corresponds to the primary actor on the use case. True
90. Many business processes are too complex to be explained in one DFD. True
91. One important principal in process modeling with DFD’s is the decomposition on the business processes into a series of
DFD’s. True
92. The first DFD in every business process model is the Level 0 diagram. False
93. Context diagrams show the entire system in context with the environment (like external entities). True
94. All major processes are shown on the context diagram. False
96. The purpose of the Level 0 DFD is to show all the major high-level processes of the system and how they are interrelated.
True
97. Context diagrams and Level 0 diagrams deliberately hide some of the system’s complexity. True
98. In general, all process models will have as many level 1 diagrams as there are processes on the level 0 diagram. True
99. On the Level 0 DFD diagram, Anthony had processes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. When decomposing process 2 further, he ended up
with processes 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6. The sub processes (2.1 to 2.6) are called ‘offspring’ processes. False
100. Children processes collectively make up the parent process (but give more detail). True
101. It is possible to decompose level 1 processes even farther, so for example, process 2.1 on a Level 1 DFD might become
102. The first law of conservation of data states: “data at rest stays at rest until moved by a process”. True
103. The second law of conservation of data states: “Processes cannot consume or create data”. True
104. A ‘black hole’ error on a DFD is when a process creates output without an input. False
105. A ‘black hole’ error on a DFD is when a process has inputs but no outputs. True
106. Data cannot go from one process to another process without going to a data store first False
Multiple Choice
1. A data model is a:
a) The mathematical model of formulas and logic used in a system
b) The abstract creating of an ideal system transformation
c) The model that is produced by extreme programming
d) The expanded, thoroughly balanced and normalized use case for a system
e) A formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system
Ans: e
4. Which of the following software packages does NOT provide data modeling capabilities?
a) ERwin
b) Visual Basic
c) Oracle Designer
d) Visible Analyst Workbench
e) Visio
And: b
5. ERwin, a CASE tool with data modeling features, was created by:
a) Oracle
b) Microsoft
c) Platinum Technology
d) Sun Systems
e) United Technologies
Ans: c
15. An entity:
a) Is the association between two related processes
b) Has cardinality (1:1, 1:N, or M:N)
c) Shows if it can be null or no null
d) Is a person, place or thing
e) Is described with a verb phrase
Ans: d
16. An attribute:
a) Is some type of information that is captured about an entity
b) Is the basic building block for a data model
c) Is the association between entities
d) Is the identification of parent and child entities
e) Is drawn as a line between processes
Ans: a
19. You have entities of ITEM, SOLD-ITEM, SALE and PAYMENT. Which most likely is NOT a relationship?
a) SALE is paid by PAYMENT
b) PAYMENT pays for ITEM
c) ITEM is included in SOLD-ITEM
d) SALE involves SOLD-ITEM
e) PAYMENT pays for SALE
Ans: b
22. CASE tools have a(n) __________________ where information about entities, attributes and relationships on the ERD are
stored.
a) Information space
b) Data store
c) Meta file
d) Data flow
e) Data dictionary
Ans: e
25. Mike is drawing an ERD diagram. He has a one-to-many relationship. To identify the end of the relationship for the main
relationship, Mike should draw:
a) An oval
b) A crow’s foot
c) The letter M
d) An infinity symbol ∞
e) A diamond
Ans: b
26. Entity Relationship Diagrams show relationships between entities that are _____.
a) Outputs from JAD sessions
b) Consistent with the ACM guidelines
c) In line with the business rules and processing
d) Defined by the project sponsor
e) Extensions of the process models
Ans: c
31. In creating ERD’s, which would most likely NOT be a source for entities?
a) Use cases
b) Level 0 DFD diagrams
c) External entities
d) Data flows
e) Cost / benefit reports
Ans: e
32. In adding attributes to an ERD, which of the following might NOT be a good resource for attributes?
a) From the CASE tool
b) Data flows from DFD’s
c) Requirements documents
d) The system proposal document
e) Through interviews (what users need for reports and processing)
Ans: d
35. Ting-You is creating an ERD diagram. She knows that it is a(n) _____________
a) Well defined process
b) Sequential process
c) Process defined by five steps
d) Iterative process
e) User defined process
Ans: d
36. Anthony is working on the cardinality of doctors and patients in a large urban hospital. With the large number of doctors
with varying specialties and patients that may have more than one aliment, he thinks the relationship might be noted as:
a) 1 to 1
b) 1 to 2
c) 1 to many
d) Many to many
e) Many to 1
Ans: d
39. When normalizing data models, if you take attributes that have multiple values for a single instance of an entity and create
separate entities for those attributes you are moving from:
a) O normal form to 1st normal form (1NF)
b) 1st normal form (1NF) to 2nd normal form (2NF)
c) 2nd normal form (2NF) to 3rd normal form (3NF)
d) Generalized normal form (GNF) to fully normalized form (FNF)
e) Dependent normal form (DNF) to Independent normal form (INF)
Ans: a
42. A(n) _____ entity cannot exist without the presence of another entity and is normally on the “many” end of a relationship or
has an identifier that is based on another entity’s attribute.
a. independent
b. incomplete
c. dependent
d. variable
e. non-complying
Ans: c
43. The two methods to validate that an ERD is well formed are _____.
a) Balancing with process models and following design guidelines created by Chen
b) Normalization and balancing with process models
c) Renaming theory
d) Balancing with process models and renaming theory
e) Normalization and following design guidelines created by Chen
Ans: b
44. What are the rules covering the layout of ERD components?
a) Items that are related must be grouped into subject areas
b) Items that are not related must be drawn on the bottom of the page
c) They must be placed in alphabetical order
d) They must be placed in numerical order
e) There are no rules
Ans: e
45. Andrew, an analyst for PaxMedia Inc, has just learned that the business rules for a system he has been working on have
changed. This means that _____.
a) Nothing – once the ERD data models have been drawn, they are ‘frozen’ for the system
b) Andrew will be reassigned to a different project that is in its beginning stages
c) The ERD components will have to be changed
d) The ERD data model will have to be put on hold while new DFD diagrams are created
e) The project will have to be scrapped and restarted
Ans: c
46. A logical data model that does not lead to repeating fields and that the data models leads to tables containing fields that are
dependent on the whole identifier is in _____ normal form.
a) balanced
b) first
c) primary
d) second
e) third
Ans: d
48. If the logical data model does not contain attributes that have repeating values it is in _____.
a) base normal form
b) first normal form
c) non-normal form
d) second normal form
e) third normal form
Ans: b
49. If the logical data model contains attribute values that depend on an attribute that is not the identifier, then it is in _____.
a) base normal form
b) first normal form
c) non-normal form
d) second normal form
e) third normal form
Ans: d
50. Balance occurs between DFDs and ERDs when the data stores _____
a) Are uniquely named
b) Have only one input and one output flow
c) Are named the same as the relationships on the ERD
d) Can be compared to ERD data flows and attributes on the ERD are included in data stores on the DFD
e) Can be equated to entities on the ERD and when entities are referred to by data stores on the DFD
Ans: e
52. During the analysis phase, analysts create programming models to represent how the business system will operate. False
53. A data model is a formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system. True
54. The data that are used and created by a business system are illustrated by a process model. False
55. Project teams generally use either Gantt or PERT charts to draw data models. False
56. Project teams can use packages like ERwin or Oracle Designer or Visible Analyst Workbench to draw data models. True
57. Logical data models are most commonly drawn with the Data Flow Diagram technique. False
59. One of the most commonly used techniques for data modeling is ERD’s. True
60. ERD’s are drawn in several levels: Context ERD diagrams; Level 0 ERD diagrams; Level 1 ERD diagrams. False
61. ERD’s and DFD’s are two techniques for data modeling. False
62. ERD’s and DFD’s are two techniques for process modeling. False
63. A textbook-provided example of a ‘full-service CASE’ tool is Visible Analyst Workbench. True
64. An ERD is a picture that shows how data and information is processed and transformed by a business system.
Ans: False
65. A graphical illustration that shows the information that is created, stored and used by a business system would be an ERD.
True
66. An illustration of the transformation of data into business value is an ERD. False
67. An analyst can read an ERD to discover the individual pieces of information in a system and how they are organized and
68. On an ERD, similar kinds of information are listed together and placed inside boxes called data containers. False
69. An entity is the basic building block for a data model. True
Ans: False
72. In an entity called STUDENT, you might find attributes of Student-ID, Last-Name, First-Name and cell-phone. True
73. In an entity called STUDENT, you might find attributes of PROFESSOR-ID, Last-Name, First-Name and CLASSROOM.
False
74. Relationships are some type of information that is captured about entities. False
76. Relationships are drawn with lines showing cardinality and plurality. False
77. ERD’s can be quite complex and might have hundreds or thousands of entities. True
False
81. In defining the data characteristics of Universal Product Codes, we might describe them as twelve characters made up of
82. In defining LAST-NAME in the data dictionary, we might describe it as a character field having from 1 to 15 alphabetic
characters. False
83. One of the first places to start developing Entity Relationship Diagrams is by looking at the level 0 process models (DFD)
and the use cases for data flows and data stores. True
84. Looking at external entities can be helpful with creating entities. True
86. Most novice analysts understand quickly how to create ERD’s. False
Difficulty: medium
87. Fortunately for novice analysts, there are fairly straight-forward rules and guidelines for creating ERD’s. False
88. The authors suggest that creating ERDs is pretty tough to do. True
89. Michele has an entity called “client” and an entity called “customer” and an entity called “shopper”. All three names seem to
refer to the same data in the business system. It is acceptable to use different names for an entity as it helps clarify the
90. Following carefully prepared and numbered use cases and DFDs, Chang has named his entities ITEM-1, ITEM-2, ITEM-3,
91. If an ERD gets too complex, it can be broken down into related subject areas. True
92. When validating ERD’s you should balance ERD entities with the data flows and data stores from the DFD process
diagrams. True
93. When depicting the inter-realationship between process and data models it can be useful to refer to the CRUDE matrix
94. The processes of creating process models, data models and using CASE tools are interrelated. True
95. CRUD stands for create, read, update and delete and can be used to verify DFDs and ERDs. True
96. Normalizing data models is a five step process: not-normalized; create first normal form (1NF); create second normal form
(2NF); create third normal form (3NF); create fourth normal form (4NF) and finally create the fully normalized form (5NF).
False