FIVB Volleyball - Rules - 2017 2020 EN v06
FIVB Volleyball - Rules - 2017 2020 EN v06
2017-2020
GAME CHARACTERISTICS 7
CHAPTER 2: PARTICIPANTS 17
4 TEAMS................................................................................................................................17
4.1 TEAM COMPOSITION..............................................................................................17
4.2 LOCATION OF THE TEAM.......................................................................................18
4.3 EQUIPMENT..............................................................................................................18
4.4 CHANGE OF EQUIPMENT.......................................................................................19
4.5 FORBIDDEN OBJECTS...................................................................................................19
5 TEAM LEADERS.................................................................................................................19
5.1 CAPTAIN...................................................................................................................19
5.2 COACH......................................................................................................................20
5.3 ASSISTANT COACH.................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 3: PLAYING FORMAT 22
8 STATES OF PLAY...............................................................................................................27
8.1 BALL IN PLAY............................................................................................................27
8.2 BALL OUT OF PLAY.................................................................................................27
8.3 BALL “IN”...................................................................................................................27
8.4 BALL “OUT”...............................................................................................................27
9 PLAYING THE BALL...........................................................................................................28
9.1 TEAM HITS................................................................................................................28
9.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIT..................................................................................28
9.3 FAULTS IN PLAYING THE BALL..............................................................................29
10 BALL AT THE NET..............................................................................................................29
10.1 BALL CROSSING THE NET............................................................................................29
10.2 BALL TOUCHING THE NET.....................................................................................30
10.3 BALL IN THE NET............................................................................................................30
11 PLAYER AT THE NET................................................................................................................30
11.1 REACHING BEYOND THE NET...............................................................................30
11.2 PENETRATION UNDER THE NET..................................................................................30
11.3 CONTACT WITH THE NET.......................................................................................31
11.4 PLAYER’S FAULTS AT THE NET....................................................................................31
12 SERVICE.............................................................................................................................31
12.1 FIRST SERVICE IN A SET..............................................................................................31
12.2 SERVICE ORDER............................................................................................................32
12.3 AUTHORIZATION OF THE SERVICE......................................................................32
12.4 EXECUTION OF THE SERVICE.....................................................................................32
12.5 SCREENING..............................................................................................................32
12.6 FAULTS MADE DURING THE SERVICE..................................................................33
12.7 SERVING FAULTS AND POSITIONAL FAULTS.............................................................33
13 ATTACK HIT........................................................................................................................33
13.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT....................................................................33
13.2 RESTRICTIONS OF THE ATTACK HIT...........................................................................33
13.3 FAULTS OF THE ATTACK HIT..................................................................................34
14 BLOCK.................................................................................................................................34
14.1 BLOCKING................................................................................................................34
14.2 BLOCK CONTACT....................................................................................................35
14.3 BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT’S SPACE....................................................35
14.4 BLOCK AND TEAM HITS..........................................................................................35
14.5 BLOCKING THE SERVICE.......................................................................................35
14.6 BLOCKING FAULTS..................................................................................................35
15 INTERRUPTIONS...............................................................................................................36
15.1 NUMBER OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS................................................36
15.2 SEQUENCE OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS...................................................36
15.3 REQUEST FOR REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS...................................................36
15.4 TIME-OUTS AND TECHNICAL TIME-OUTS............................................................37
15.5 SUBSTITUTION.........................................................................................................37
15.6 LIMITATION OF SUBSTITUTIONS...........................................................................37
15.7 EXCEPTIONAL SUBSTITUTION.....................................................................................37
15.8 SUBSTITUTION FOR EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION.................................38
15.9 ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION...............................................................................................38
15.10 SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURE.......................................................................................38
15.11 IMPROPER REQUESTS.................................................................................................39
16 GAME DELAYS...................................................................................................................39
16.1 TYPES OF DELAYS.........................................................................................................39
16.2 DELAY SANCTIONS.................................................................................................40
17 EXCEPTIONAL GAME INTERRUPTIONS.........................................................................40
17.1 INJURY / ILLNESS....................................................................................................40
17.2 EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE.........................................................................................40
17.3 PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS....................................................................................40
18 INTERVALS AND CHANGE OF COURTS.........................................................................41
18.1 INTERVALS...............................................................................................................41
18.2 CHANGE OF COURTS.............................................................................................41
4
CHAPTER 6: THE LIBERO PLAYER 42
20 REQUIREMENTS OF CONDUCT......................................................................................46
20.1 SPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT.................................................................................46
20.2 FAIR PLAY.................................................................................................................46
21 MISCONDUCT AND ITS SANCTIONS...............................................................................46
21.1 MINOR MISCONDUCT.............................................................................................46
21.2 MISCONDUCT LEADING TO SANCTIONS.............................................................47
21.3 SANCTION SCALE...................................................................................................47
21.4 APPLICATION OF MISCONDUCT SANCTIONS.....................................................48
21.5 MISCONDUCT BEFORE AND BETWEEN SETS....................................................48
21.6 SUMMARY OF MISCONDUCT AND CARDS USED...............................................48
PART 2 - SECTION 2: THE REFEREES, THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES AND OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS 49
CHAPTER 8: REFEREES 50
PART 3: DEFINITIONS 80
INDEX 83
6
GAME CHARACTERISTICS
The object of the game is to send the ball over the net in order to ground
it on the opponent’s court, and to prevent the same effort by the
opponent. The team has three hits for returning the ball (in addition to the
block contact).
The ball is put in play with a service: hit by the server over the net to the
opponents. The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing
court, goes “out” or a team fails to return it properly.
In Volleyball, the team winning a rally scores a point (Rally Point System).
When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains a point and the right to
serve, and its players rotate one position clockwise.
8
PART 1: PHILOSOPHY OF RULES AND REFEREEING
INTRODUCTION
Volleyball is one of the most successful and popular competitive and recreational sports in the
world. It is fast, it is exciting and the action is explosive. Yet Volleyball comprises several
crucial overlapping elements whose complimentary interactions render it unique amongst
rally games.
VOLLEY PASSING
Service Rotation
Explosive Action
Jumping Power
DIVIDED COURTS
Attack TEAM GAME Defense
In recent years the FIVB has made great strides in adapting the game to a modern audience.
This text is aimed at a broad Volleyball public – players, coaches, referees, spectators,
commentators – for the following reasons:
– understanding the rules better, allows better play – coaches can create better team
structure and tactics, allowing players full rein to display their skills;
– understanding the relationship between rules allows officials to make better decisions.
This introduction at first focuses on Volleyball as a competitive sport, before setting out to
identify the main qualities required for successful refereeing.
Competition taps latent strengths. It exhibits the best of ability, spirit, creativity and aesthetics.
The rules are structured to allow all of these qualities. With a few exceptions, Volleyball
allows all players to operate both at the net (in attack) and in the back of the court (to defend
or serve).
William Morgan, the game’s creator, would still recognize it because Volleyball has retained
certain distinctive and essential elements over the years. Some of these it shares with other
net/ball/ racquet games:
– Service
– Rotation (taking turns to serve)
– Attack
– Defense
Volleyball is, however, unique amongst net games in insisting that the ball is in constant flight
– a flying ball – and by allowing each team a degree of internal passing before the ball must
be returned to the opponents.
The introduction of a specialist defensive player – the Libero – has moved the game forward in
OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2017-2020 9
terms of rally length and multi-phase play. Modifications to the service rule have changed the
act of service from simply a means of putting the ball in play to an offensive weapon.
The concept of rotation is entrenched to allow for all-round athletes. The rules on player
positions must permit teams to have flexibility and to create interesting developments in
tactics.
Competitors use this framework to contest techniques, tactics and power. The framework also
allows players a freedom of expression to enthuse spectators and viewers.
The essence of a good official lies in the concept of fairness and consistency:
This demands a huge element of trust – the referee must be trusted to allow the players to entertain:
Finally we can say that a good referee will use the rules to make the competition a fulfilling
experience for all concerned.
To those who have read thus far, view the rules which follow as the current state of
development of a great game, but keep in mind why these preceding few paragraphs may be
of equal importance to you in your own position within the sport.
Get involved !
Keep the ball flying !
1
PART 2
SECTION 1: GAME
See Rules
1 PLAYING AREA
The playing area includes the playing court and the free zone. It 1.1, D1a, D1b
shall be rectangular and symmetrical.
1.1 DIMENSIONS D2
The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is
free from any obstructions. The free playing space shall measure a
minimum of 7 m in height from the playing surface.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the free zone shall
measure 5 m from the side lines and 6.5 m from the end lines.
The free playing space shall measure a minimum of 12.5 m in
height from the playing surface.
1.2.2 On indoor courts the surface of the playing court must be of a light
colour.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, white colours are 1.1, 1.3
required for the lines. Other colours, different from each other,
are required for the playing court and the free zone.
1
1.3 LINES ON THE COURT D2
1.3.1 All lines are 5 cm wide. They must be of a light colour which is 1.2.2
different from the colour of the floor and from any other lines.
Two side lines and two end lines mark the playing court. Both side 1.1
lines and end lines are drawn inside the dimensions of the playing
court.
1.3.3 Centre line
The axis of the centre line divides the playing court into two equal D2
courts measuring 9 x 9 m each; however the entire width of the line
is considered to belong to both courts equally. This line extends
beneath the net from side line to side line.
On each court, an attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3 m back 1.3.3, 1.4.1
from the axis of the centre line, marks the front zone.
It is laterally limited by two short lines, each 15 cm long, drawn 20 1.3.2, 12, D1b
cm behind the end line as an extension of the side lines. Both short
lines are included in the width of the service zone.
In depth, the service zone extends to the end of the free zone. 1.1
1.4.3 Substitution zone
The substitution zone is limited by the extension of both attack lines 1.3.4, 15.6.1,
up to the scorer's table. D1b
The Libero Replacement zone is part of the free zone on the side of 19.3.2.7, D1b
the team benches, limited by the extension of the attack line up to
the end line.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the warm-up areas, 24.2.5, D1a,
sized approximately 3 x 3 m, are located in both of the bench- D1b
side corners, outside the free zone.
A penalty area, sized approximately 1 x 1 m and equipped with two 21.3.2.1, D1a,
chairs, is located in the control area, outside the prolongation of D1b
each end line. They may be limited by a 5 cm wide red line.
1.5 TEMPERATURE
The minimum temperature shall not be below 10° C (50° F).
1.6 LIGHTING
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the lighting on the 1
playing area should be 1000 to 1500 lux measured at 1 m above
the surface of the playing area.
2.1.2 Its height is measured from the centre of the playing court. The net 1.1, 1.3.2,
height (over the two side lines) must be exactly the same and must 2.1.1
not exceed the official height by more than 2 cm.
1
2.2 STRUCTURE
Within the band, a flexible cable fastens the net to the posts and
keeps its top taut.
At the bottom of the net there is another horizontal band, 5cm wide,
similar to the top band, through which is threaded a rope. This rope
fastens the net to the posts and keeps its lower part taut.
They are 5 cm wide and 1 m long and are considered as part of the
net.
2.4 ANTENNAE
An antenna is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter,
made of fibreglass or similar material.
An antenna is fastened at the outer edge of each side band. The 2.3, D3
antennae are placed on opposite sides of the net.
2.5 POSTS
2.5.1 The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance of 0.50-1.00 m D3
outside the side lines. They are 2.55 m high and preferably
adjustable.
For all FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the posts
supporting the net are placed at a distance of 1 m outside the
side lines and must be padded.
2.5.2 The posts are rounded and smooth, fixed to the ground without
wires. There shall be no dangerous or obstructing devices.
2.6 ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT
3 BALLS
3.1 STANDARDS
The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic
leather case with a bladder inside, made of rubber or a similar
material.
Its colour may be a uniform light colour or a combination of colours.
Its inside pressure shall be 0.30 to 0.325 kg/cm2 (4.26 to 4.61 psi)
(294.3 to 318.82 mbar or hPa).
See Rules
4 TEAMS
Only those listed on the score sheet may normally enter the
Competition/ Control Area and take part in the official warm up and
in the match.
For FIVB, World and Official competitions for Seniors:
Any Medical doctor or team therapist used in FIVB, World and D1a
Official Competitions must be part of the official Delegation
and accredited beforehand by the FIVB. However, for FIVB,
World and Official Competitions for Seniors, if they are not
included as members on the team bench, they must sit against
the delimitation fence, inside the Competition-Control Area and
may only intervene if invited by the referees to deal with an
emergency to the players. The team therapist (even if not on 7.2.1
the bench) may assist with the warm up until the start of the
official net warm up session.
4.1.2 One of the players, other than the Libero, is the team captain, who 5.1, 19.1.3
shall be indicated on the score sheet.
4.1.3 Only the players recorded on the score sheet may enter the court 1, 4.1.1, 5.1.1,
and play in the match. Once the coach and the team captain have 5.2.2
signed the score sheet, (team list for electronic score sheet) the
recorded players cannot be changed.
The benches for the teams are located beside the scorer's table, D1a, D1b
outside the free zone.
4.2.2 Only the team composition members are permitted to sit on the 4.1.1, 7.2
bench during the match and to participate in the official warm-up
session.
4.2.3 Players not in play may warm-up without balls as follows:
4.2.4 During set intervals, players may warm-up using balls within their 18.1
own free zone. During the extended interval between sets 2
and 3 (if used), players may use their own court as well.
4.3 EQUIPMENT
A player's equipment consists of a jersey, shorts, socks (the uniform)
and sport shoes.
4.3.1 The colour and the design for the jerseys, shorts and socks must be 4.1, 19.2
uniform for the team (except for the Libero). The uniforms must be
clean.
4.3.2 The shoes must be light and pliable with rubber or composite soles
without heels.
4.3.3.1 The number must be placed on the jersey at the centre of the front
and of the back. The colour and brightness of the numbers must
contrast with the colour and brightness of the jerseys.
4.3.5 It is forbidden to wear uniforms of a colour different from that of the 19.2
other players (except for the Liberos), and/or without official
numbers.
4.4.2 to change wet or damaged uniforms between sets or after 4.3, 15.5
substitution, provided that the colour, design and number of the new
uniform(s) are the same;
4.4.3 to play in training suits in cold weather, provided that they are of the 4.1.1, 19.2
same colour and design for the whole team (except for the Liberos)
and numbered according to Rule 4.3.3.
5 TEAM LEADERS
Both the team captain and the coach are responsible for the conduct 20
and discipline of their team members.
5.1 CAPTAIN
5.1.1 PRIOR TO THE MATCH, the team captain signs the score sheet 7.1, 25.2.1.1
and represents his/her team in the toss.
5.1.2 DURING THE MATCH and while on the court, the team captain is 15.2.1
the game captain. When the team captain is not on the court, the
coach or the team captain must assign another player on the court,
but not the Libero, to assume the role of game captain. This game
captain maintains his/her responsibilities until he/she is substituted,
or the team captain returns to play, or the set ends.
When the ball is out of play, only the game captain is authorized to 8.2
speak to the referees:
5.1.2.1 to ask for an explanation on the application or interpretation of the 23.2.4
Rules, and also to submit the requests or questions of his/her team-
mates. If the game captain does not agree with the explanation of
the 1st referee, he/she may choose to protest against such decision
and immediately indicates to the 1 st referee that he/she reserves the
right to record an official protest on the score sheet at the end of the
match;
5.1.2.2 to ask authorization:
a) to change all or part of the equipment, 4.3, 4.4.2
b) to verify the positions of the teams, 7.4, 7.6
c) to check the floor, the net, the ball, etc.; 1.2, 2, 3
5.1.2.3 in the absence of the coach to request time-outs and substitutions. 15.3.1, 15.4.1,
15.5.2
5.1.3 AT THE END OF THE MATCH, the team captain: 6.3
5.1.3.1 thanks the referees and signs the score sheet to ratify the result; 25.2.3.3
5.1.3.2 may, when it has been notified in due time to the 1 st referee, confirm 5.1.2.1,
and record on the score sheet an official protest regarding the 25.2.3.2
referee’s application or interpretation of the rules.
5.2 COACH
5.2.1 Throughout the match, the coach conducts the play of his/her team 1.1, 7.3.2,
from outside the playing court. He/she selects the starting line-ups, 15.4.1, 15.5.2
the substitutes, and takes time-outs. In these functions his/her
contacting official is the 2nd referee.
5.2.2 PRIOR TO THE MATCH, the coach records or checks the names 4.1, 19.1.3,
and numbers of his/her players on the score sheet team roster, and then 25.2.1.1
signs it.
5.2.3 DURING THE MATCH, the coach:
5.2.3.1 prior to each set, gives the 2nd referee or the scorer the line-up 7.3.2, 7.4, 7.6
sheet(s) duly filled in and signed;
5.2.3.2 sits on the team bench nearest to the scorer, but may leave it; 4.2
5.2.3.4 may, as well as other team members, give instructions to the players 1.3.4, 1.4.5,
on the court. The coach may give these instructions while standing D1a, D1b, D2
or walking within the free zone in front of his/her team’s bench from
the extension of the attack line up to the warm-up area, without
disturbing or delaying the match.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the coach is D1a, D1b, D2
restricted to performing his/her function from behind the
coach’s restriction line throughout the entire match.
5.3 ASSISTANT COACH
5.3.1 The assistant coach sits on the team bench, but has no right to
intervene in the match.
5.3.2 Should the coach have to leave his/her team for any reason 5.1.2, 5.2
including sanction, but excluding entering the court as a player, an
assistant coach may assume the coach's functions for the duration
of the absence, once confirmed to the referee by the game captain.
CHAPTER 3
PLAYING FORMAT
See Rules
6.1.1.1 by successfully landing the ball on the opponent’s court; 8.3, 10.1.1
6.1.2 Fault
6.1.2.1 if two or more faults are committed successively, only the first one is
counted;
6.1.2.2 if two or more faults are committed by opponents simultaneously, a 6.1.2, D11
DOUBLE FAULT is called and the rally is replayed. (23)
A rally is the sequence of playing actions from the moment of the 8.1, 8.2,
service hit by the server until the ball is out of play. A completed 12.2.2.1, 12.4.4,
rally is the sequence of playing actions which results in the award of 15.2.3,
a point. This includes: 15.11.1.3,
19.3.2.1,
– the award of a penalty 19.3.2.9,
– loss of service for service hit made after the time-limit. 21.3.1
6.1.3.1 If the serving team wins a rally, it scores a point and continues to
serve.
6.1.3.2 If the receiving team wins a rally, it scores a point and it must serve
next.
6.3.1 The match is won by the team that wins three sets. 6.2
6.3.2 In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding 5th set is played to 15 points 7.1
with a minimum lead of 2 points.
6.4.2 A team that, without justifiable reason, does not appear on the
playing court on time is declared in default with the same result as in
Rule 6.4.1.
6.4.3 A team that is declared INCOMPLETE for the set or for the match, 6.2, 6.3, 7.3.1
loses the set or the match. The opponent team is given the points,
or the points and the sets, needed to win the set or the match. The
incomplete team keeps its points and sets.
7 STRUCTURE OF PLAY
7.1.1 The toss is taken in the presence of the two team captains. 5.1
EITHER
OR
The team's starting line-up indicates the rotational order of the 7.6
players on the court. This order must be maintained throughout the
set.
7.3.2 Before the start of each set, the coach has to present the starting 5.2.3.1, 24.3.1,
line-up of his/her team on a line-up sheet or via the electronic 25.2.1.2
device, if used. The sheet is submitted, duly filled in and signed, to
the 2nd referee or the scorer – or electronically sent directly to the e-
scorer.
7.3.3 The players who are not in the starting line-up of a set are the 7.3.2, 15.5
substitutes for that set (except the Liberos).
7.3.4 Once the line-up sheet has been delivered to the 2nd referee or 15.2.2, 15.5,
scorer, no change in the line-up may be authorized without a regular D11 (5)
substitution.
7.3.5 Discrepancies between players’ position on court and on the line-up 24.3.1
sheet are dealt with as follows:
7.3.5.1 when such a discrepancy is discovered before the start of the set, 7.3.2
players' positions must be rectified according to those on the line-up
sheet – there will be no sanction;
7.3.5.2 when, before the start of the set, any player on court is found not to 7.3.2
be registered on the line-up sheet of that set, this player must be
changed to conform to the line-up sheet – there will be no sanction;
7.3.5.3 however, if the coach wishes to keep such non-recorded player(s) 15.2.2, D11
on the court, he/she has to request regular substitution(s), by use of (5)
the corresponding hand signal, which will then be recorded on the
score sheet.
At the moment the ball is hit by the server, each team must be 7.6.1, 8.1,
positioned within its own court in the rotational order (except the 12.4
server).
7.4.1 The positions of the players are numbered as follows:
7.4.1.1 the three players along the net are front-row players and occupy
positions 4 (front-left), 3 (front-centre) and 2 (front-right);
7.4.1.2 the other three are back-row players occupying positions 5 (back-
left), 6 (back-centre) and 1 (back-right).
7.4.2.1 each back-row player must be positioned further back from the
centre line than the corresponding front-row player;
7.4.2.2 the front-row players and the back-row players, respectively, must
be positioned laterally in the order indicated in Rule 7.4.1.
7.4.3.1 each front-row player must have at least a part of his/her foot closer 1.3.3
to the centre line than the feet of the corresponding back-row player;
7.4.3.2 each right (left) side player must have at least a part of his/her foot 1.3.2
closer to the right (left) sideline than the feet of the centre player in
that row.
7.4.4 After the service hit, the players may move around and occupy any
position on their court and the free zone.
7.5.1 The team commits a positional fault, if any player is not in his/her 7.3, 7.4, 15.9
correct position at the moment the ball is hit by the server. When a
player is on court through illegal substitution, and play restarts, this
is counted as a positional fault with the consequences of an illegal
substitution.
7.5.2 If the server commits a serving fault at the moment of the service hit, 12.4, 12.7.1
the server's fault is counted before a positional fault.
7.5.3 If the service becomes faulty after the service hit, it is the positional 12.7.2
fault that will be counted.
7.5.4.1 the team is sanctioned with a point and service to the opponent; 6.1.3
7.6.1 The rotational order is determined by the team's starting line-up and 7.3.1, 7.4.1,
controlled with the service order and players' positions throughout 12.2
the set.
7.6.2 When the receiving team has gained the right to serve, its players 12.2.2.2
rotate one position clock-wise: the player in position 2 rotates to
position 1 to serve, the player in position 1 rotates to position 6, etc.
7.7.1 A rotational fault is committed when the SERVICE is not made 7.6.1, 12
according to the rotational order. It leads to the following
consequences in order:
7.7.1.1 the scorer stops play by the buzzer; the opponent gains a point and 6.1.3
next service;
7.7.1.2 the rotational order of the faulty team must be rectified; 7.6.1
7.7.2 Additionally, the scorer should determine the exact moment when 25.2.2.2
the fault was committed, and all points scored subsequently by the
team at fault must be cancelled. The opponent's points remain valid.
See Rules
8 STATES OF PLAY
8.4.1 all parts of the ball which contact the floor are completely outside the 1.3.2, D11
boundary lines; (15),
D12 (2)
8.4.2 it touches an object outside the court, the ceiling or a person out of D11 (15),
play; D12 (4)
8.4.3 it touches the antennae, ropes, posts or the net itself outside the 2.3, D3, D5a,
side bands; D11 (15),
D12 (4)
8.4.4 it crosses the vertical plane of the net either partially or totally 2.3, D5a, D5b,
outside the crossing space, except in the case of Rule 10.1.2; D11 (15),
D12 (4)
8.4.5 it crosses completely the lower space under the net. 23.3.2.3f, D5a,
D11 (22)
9 PLAYING THE BALL
Each team must play within its own playing area and space
A player may not hit the ball two times consecutively 9.2.3, 14.2,
14.4.2
(except Rules 9.2.3, 14.2 and 14.4.2).
Two or three players may touch the ball at the same moment.
9.1.2.1 When two (or three) team-mates touch the ball simultaneously, it is
counted as two (or three) hits (with the exception of blocking). If they
reach for the ball, but only one of them touches it, one hit is counted.
A collision of players does not constitute a fault.
9.1.2.2 When two opponents touch the ball simultaneously over the net and
the ball remains in play, the team receiving the ball is entitled to
another three hits. If such a ball goes “out”, it is the fault of the team
on the opposite side.
9.1.2.3 If simultaneous hits by two opponents over the net lead to an 9.1.2.2
extended contact with the ball, play continues.
However, a player who is about to commit a fault (touch the net or 1.3.3, 11.4.4
cross the centre line, etc.) may be stopped or held back by a team-
mate.
9.2.2 The ball must not be caught and/or thrown. It can rebound in any 9.3.3
direction.
9.2.3 The ball may touch various parts of the body, provided that the
contacts take place simultaneously.
Exceptions:
9.2.3.1 at blocking, consecutive contacts may be made by one or more 14.1.1, 14.2
player(s), provided that the contacts occur during one action;
9.2.3.2 at the first hit of the team, the ball may contact various parts of the 9.1, 14.4.1
body consecutively, provided that the contacts occur during one
action.
9.3.2 ASSISTED HIT: a player takes support from a team-mate or any 9.1.3
structure/ object in order to hit the ball within the playing area.
9.3.3 CATCH: the ball is caught and/or thrown; it does not rebound from 9.2.2, D11
the hit. (16)
9.3.4 DOUBLE CONTACT: a player hits the ball twice in succession or the 9.2.3, D11
ball contacts various parts of his/her body in succession. (17)
10.1.1.2 at the sides, by the antennae, and their imaginary extension; 2.4
10.1.2 The ball that has crossed the net plane to the opponent's free zone 9.1, D5b
totally or partly through the external space, may be played back
within the team hits, provided that:
10.1.2.2 the ball, when played back, crosses the net plane again totally or 11.4.4, D5b
partly through the external space on the same side of the court.
10.3.2 If the ball rips the mesh of the net or tears it down, the rally is
cancelled and replayed.
11.1.2 After an attack hit, a player is permitted to pass his/her hand beyond
the net, provided that the contact has been made within his/her own
playing space.
11.2.2 Penetration into the opponent's court, beyond the centre line: 1.3.3, 11.2.2.1,
D11 (22)
11.2.2.1 to touch the opponent's court with a foot (feet) is permitted, provided 1.3.3, D11
that some part of the penetrating foot (feet) remains either in contact (22)
with or directly above the centre line;
11.2.2.2 to touch the opponent’s court with any part of the body above the 1.3.3, 11.2.2.1,
feet is permitted provided that it does not interfere with the D11 (22)
opponent’s play.
11.2.3 A player may enter the opponent's court after the ball goes out of 8.2
play.
11.2.4 Players may penetrate into the opponent's free zone provided that
they do not interfere with the opponent’s play.
11.3 CONTACT WITH THE NET
11.3.1 Contact with the net by a player between the antennae, during 11.4.4,
the action of playing the ball, is a fault. 23.3.2.3c,
24.3.2.3, D3
The action of playing the ball includes (among others) take-off,
hit (or attempt) and landing safely, ready for a new action.
11.3.2 Players may touch the post, ropes, or any other object outside the D3
antennae, including the net itself, provided that it does not interfere
with the play.
11.3.3 When the ball is driven into the net, causing it to touch an opponent,
no fault is committed.
11.4.2 A player interferes with the opponent's play while penetrating into 11.2.1
the opponent’s space under the net.
11.4.3 A player’s foot (feet) penetrates completely into the opponent's 11.2.2.2,
court. D11 (22)
11.4.4 A player interferes with play by (amongst others):
– touching the net between the antennae or the antenna itself during 11.3.1
his/her action of playing the ball,
– using the net between the antennae as a support or stabilizing aid D11 (19)
– creating an unfair advantage over the opponent by touching the
net
– making actions which hinder an opponent’s legitimate attempt to
play the ball,
– catching/ holding on to the net
Any player close to the ball as it is played, and who is him/herself
trying to play it, is considered in the action of playing the ball, even if
no contact is made with it.
However, touching the net outside the antenna is not to be
considered a fault (except for Rule 9.1.3.)
12 SERVICE
The service is the act of putting the ball into play, by the back-right 1.4.2, 8.1,
player, placed in the service zone. 12.4.1
12.2.2.1 when the serving team wins the rally, the player (or his/her substitute) 6.1.3, 15.5
who served before, serves again;
12.2.2.2 when the receiving team wins the rally, it gains the right to serve and 6.1.3, 7.6.2
rotates before actually serving. The player who moves from the
front- right position to the back-right position will serve.
12.4.1 The ball shall be hit with one hand or any part of the arm after being
tossed or released from the hand(s).
12.4.2 Only one toss or release of the ball is allowed. Dribbling or moving
the ball in the hands is permitted.
12.4.3 At the moment of the service hit or take-off for a jump service, the 1.4.2, 27.2.1.4,
server must not touch the court (the end line included) or the floor D11 (22),
outside the service zone. D12 (4)
After the hit, he/she may step or land outside the service zone, or
inside the court.
12.4.4 The server must hit the ball within 8 seconds after the 1st referee 12.3, D11 (11)
whistles for service.
12.4.5 A service executed before the referee's whistle is cancelled and 12.3
repeated.
13 ATTACK HIT
13.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT 12, 14.1.1
13.1.1 All actions which direct the ball towards the opponent, with the
exception of service and block, are considered as attack hits.
13.1.2 During an attack hit, tipping is permitted only if the ball is cleanly hit, 9.2.2
and not caught or thrown.
13.1.3 An attack hit is completed at the moment the ball completely crosses
the vertical plane of the net or is touched by an opponent.
14 BLOCK
14.1 BLOCKING
14.1.1 Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball 7.4.1.1
coming from the opponent by reaching higher than the top of the
net, regardless of the height of the ball contact. Only front-row
players are permitted to complete a block, but at the moment of the
contact with the ball, a part of the body must be higher than the top
of the net.
14.1.2 Block attempt
A block attempt is the action of blocking without touching the ball.
14.1.3 Completed block
A block is completed whenever the ball is touched by a blocker. D7
14.1.4 Collective block
A collective block is executed by two or three players close to each
other and is completed when one of them touches the ball.
See Rules
15 INTERRUPTIONS
An interruption is the time between one completed rally and the 1st 6.1.3, 8.1, 8.2,
referee’s whistle for the next service. 15.4, 15.5,
24.2.6
The only regular game interruptions are TIME-OUTS and
SUBSTITUTIONS.
For FIVB, World and Official competitions for Seniors, the FIVB
may reduce, by one, the number of team and/ or Technical
Time Outs in accordance with sponsorship, marketing and
broadcast agreements.
15.2.3 There must be a completed rally between two separate substitution 6.1.3, 15.5
requests by the same team. (Exception: a forced substitution due to
injury or expulsion/disqualification (15.5.2, 15.7, 15.8)).
15.3.2 Substitution before the start of a set is permitted, and should be 7.3.4
recorded as a regular substitution in that set.
15.4 TIME-OUTS AND TECHNICAL TIME-OUTS
15.4.1 Time-out requests must be made by showing the corresponding hand 6.1.3, 8.2,
signal, when the ball is out of play and before the whistle for service. 12.3, D11 (4)
All requested time-outs last for 30 seconds.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions it is obligatory to use D11 (4)
the buzzer and then the hand signal to request time-out.
15.4.2 For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, in sets 1-4, two 26.2.2.3
additional 60-second “Technical Time-Outs” are applied
automatically when the leading team reaches the 8 th and 16th
point.
15.4.3 In the deciding (5th) set, there are no “Technical Time- Outs”; 15.1
only two time-outs of 30 seconds duration may be requested by
each team.
15.4.4 During all time-outs (including Technical Time Outs), the players D1a
in play must go to the free zone near their bench.
15.5 SUBSTITUTION
15.5.1 A substitution is the act by which a player, other than the Libero or his/ 19.3.2.1,
her replacement player, after being recorded by the scorer, enters the D11 (5)
game to occupy the position of another player, who must leave the
court at that moment.
15.5.2 When the substitution is enforced through injury to a player in play 5.1.2.3,
this may be accompanied by the coach (or game captain) showing 5.2.3.3, 6.1.3,
the
corresponding hand signal. 8.2, 12.3, D11
(5)
15.6.2 A substitute player may enter the game in place of a player of the 7.3.1
starting line-up, but only once per set, and he/she can only be
substituted by the same starting player.
15.9.2 When a team has made an illegal substitution and the play has been 8.1, 15.6
resumed the following procedure shall apply, in sequence:
15.9.2.1 the team is penalized with a point and service to the opponent, 6.1.3
15.9.2.3 the points scored by the team at fault since the fault was committed
are cancelled; the opponent’s points remain valid.
15.10.2 A substitution shall only last the time needed for recording the 15.10, 24.2.6,
substitution on the score sheet, and allowing entry and exit of the 25.2.2.3
players.
15.10.3a The actual request for substitution starts at the moment of the
entrance of the substitute player(s) into the substitution zone, ready
to play, during an interruption. The coach does not need to make a
substitution hand signal except if the substitution is for injury or
before the start of the set.
15.10.3b If the player is not ready, the substitution is not granted and the team 16.2, D9
is sanctioned for a delay.
15.10.3c The request for substitution is acknowledged and announced by the 24.2.6
scorer or 2nd referee, by use of the buzzer or whistle respectively.
The 2nd referee authorises the substitution.
15.10.4 If a team intends to make simultaneously more than one 1.4.3, 15.2.2
substitution, all substitute players must enter the substitution zone
at the same time to be considered in the same request. In this
case, substitutions must be made in succession, one pair of players
after another. If one is illegal, the legal one(s) is/are granted and
the illegal is rejected and subject to a delay sanction.
15.11.1.1 during a rally or at the moment of or after the whistle to serve, 12.3
15.11.1.3 for a second substitution by the same team during the same 15.2.2, 15.2.3,
interruption (i.e. before the end of next completed rally), except in 16.1, 25.2.2.6
the case of injury/illness of a player in play.
15.11.1.4 after having exhausted the authorized number of time-outs and 15.1
substitutions.
15.11.2 The first improper request by a team in the match that does not 16.1, 25.2.2.6
affect or delay the game shall be rejected, but it must be recorded
on the score sheet without any other consequences.
15.11.3 Any further improper request in the match by the same team 16.1.4
constitutes a delay.
16 GAME DELAYS
16.2.1.1 Delay sanctions remain in force for the entire match. 6.3
16.2.1.2 All delay sanctions are recorded on the score sheet. 25.2.2.6
16.2.2 The first delay in the match by a team member is sanctioned with a 4.1.1, D11
“DELAY WARNING”. (25)
16.2.3 The second and subsequent delays of any type by any member of 6.1.3, D11
the same team in the same match constitute a fault and are (25)
sanctioned with a “DELAY PENALTY”: a point and service to the
opponent.
16.2.4 Delay sanctions imposed before or between sets are applied in the 18.1
following set.
17.1.1 Should a serious accident occur while the ball is in play, the referee
must stop the game immediately and permit medical assistance to
enter the court.
If the player does not recover, his/her team is declared incomplete. 6.4.3, 7.3.1
17.3.2 Should one or several interruptions occur, not exceeding 4 hours in 17.3.1
total:
17.3.2.1 if the match is resumed on the same playing court, the interrupted 1, 7.3
set shall continue normally with the same score, players (except
expelled or disqualified ones) and positions. The sets already
played will keep their scores;
17.3.2.2 if the match is resumed on another playing court, the interrupted set 7.3, 21.4.1,
is cancelled and replayed with the same team members and the D9
same starting line-ups (except expelled or disqualified ones) and
the record of all sanctions will be maintained. The sets already
played will keep their scores.
18.1 INTERVALS
An interval is the time between sets. All intervals last three minutes. 4.2.4
During this period of time, the change of courts and line-up 7.3.2, 18.2,
registrations of the teams on the score sheet are made. 25.2.1.2
The interval between the second and the third set can be extended
up to 10 minutes by the competent body at the request of the
organizer.
18.2.1 After each set, the teams change courts, with the exception of the 7.1
deciding set.
18.2.2 In the deciding set, once the leading team reaches 8 points, the 6.3.2, 7.4.1,
teams change courts without delay and the player positions remain 25.2.2.5
the same.
If the change is not made once the leading team reaches 8 points,
it will take place as soon as the error is noticed. The score at the
time that the change is made remains the same.
CHAPTER 6
THE LIBERO PLAYER
See Rules
19.1.1 Each team has the right to designate from the list of players on the 4.1.1
score sheet up to two specialist defensive players: Liberos.
In FIVB, World and Official competitions for Seniors, if a team
has more than 12 players recorded in the score sheet, TWO
Liberos are mandatory in the team list.
19.1.2 All Liberos must be recorded on the score sheet in the special lines 5.2.2, 25.2.1.1,
reserved for this. 26.2.1.1
19.1.3 The Libero on court is the Acting Libero. If there is another Libero,
he/ she is the second Libero for the team.
The Libero player(s) must wear a uniform (OR JACKET/BIB FOR THE
RE- DESIGNATED Libero) which has a different dominant colour
from any colour of the rest of the team. The uniform must clearly
contrast with the rest of the team.
The Libero uniforms must be numbered like the rest of the team.
They are unlimited but there must be a completed rally between two
Libero replacements (unless a penalty causes the team to rotate
and the Libero to move to position four, or the Acting Libero
becomes unable to play, making the rally incomplete.)
19.3.2.3 At the start of each set, the Libero cannot enter the court until the 7.3.2, 12.1
2nd referee has checked the line-up and authorised a Libero
replacement with a starting player.
19.3.2.4 Other Libero replacements must only take place while the ball is 8.2, 12.3
out of play and before the whistle for service.
19.3.2.5 A Libero replacement made after the whistle for service but before 12.3, 12.4, D9
the service hit should not be rejected; however, at the end of the
rally, the game captain must be informed that this is not a permitted
procedure, and that repetition will be subject to delay sanctions.
19.3.2.6 Subsequent late Libero replacements shall result in the play being 16.2, D9
interrupted immediately, and the imposition of a delay sanction. The
team to serve next will be determined by the level of the delay
sanction.
19.3.2.7 The Libero and the replacing player may only enter or leave the 1.4.4, D1b
court through the Libero Replacement Zone.
19.3.2.8 Libero replacements must be recorded in the Libero Control Sheet (if 26.2.2.1,
one is used) or on the electronic score sheet. 26.2.2.2
– the Libero being replaced by a player other than the second 15.9
Libero or the regular replacement player.
i.e. should the illegal Libero replacement be noticed before the start D9
of the next rally, then this is corrected by the referees, and the team
is sanctioned for delay;
should the illegal Libero replacement be noticed after the service hit, 15.9
the consequences are the same as for an illegal substitution.
19.4.2.1 When only one Libero is available for a team according to Rule 19.4, 19.4.1
19.4.1, or the team has only one registered, and this Libero
becomes or is declared unable to play, the coach (or game captain
if no coach is present) may re-designate as Libero for the
remainder of the match any other player (replacement player
excepted) not on the court at the moment of the re-designation.
19.4.2.5 If the coach requests the team captain to be re-designated as the 5.1.2, 19.4.1
new Libero, this will be permitted – but the team captain must in this
case relinquish all leadership privileges.
19.4.2.6 In the case of a re-designated Libero, the number of the player re- 25.2.2.7,
designated as Libero must be recorded on the score sheet remarks 26.2.2.1
section and on the Libero control sheet (or electronic score sheet if
one is used.)
19.4.3.1 Where a team has registered on the score sheet two Liberos, but 4.1.1, 19.1.1
one becomes unable to play the team has the right to play with only
one Libero.
See Rules
20 REQUIREMENTS OF CONDUCT
The first rude conduct in the match by any team member is penalized 4.1.1, 21.2.1
with a point and service to the opponent.
21.3.2.1 A team member who is sanctioned by expulsion shall not play for 1.4.6, 4.1.1,
the rest of the set, must be substituted legally and immediately if on 5.2.1, 5.3.2,
court and must remain seated in the penalty area with no other D1a, D1b
consequences.
An expelled coach loses his/her right to intervene in the set and must 5.2.3.3
remain seated in the penalty area.
21.3.2.2 The first offensive conduct by a team member is sanctioned by 4.1.1, 21.2.2
expulsion with no other consequences.
21.3.2.3 The second rude conduct in the same match by the same team 4.1.1, 21.2.1
member is sanctioned by expulsion with no other consequences.
21.3.3.3 The second offensive conduct in the same match by the same team 4.1.1, 21.2.2
member is sanctioned by disqualification with no other consequences.
21.3.3.4 The third rude conduct in the same match by the same team 4.1.1, 21.2.1
member is sanctioned by disqualification with no other
consequences.
21.4.2 The repetition of misconduct by the same team member in the same 4.1.1, 21.2,
match is sanctioned progressively (the team member receives a 21.3, D9
heavier
sanction for each successive offence).
See Rules
22.1 COMPOSITION
The refereeing corps for a match is composed of the following
officials:
– the 1st referee, 23
– the 2 referee,
nd
24
– the scorer, 25
22.2 PROCEDURES
22.2.1 Only the 1st and 2nd referees may blow a whistle during the match:
22.2.1.1 the 1st referee gives the signal for the service that begins the rally; 6.1.3, 12.3
22.2.1.2 the 1 or 2 referee signals the end of the rally, provided that they
st nd
are sure that a fault has been committed and they have identified
its nature.
22.2.2 They may blow the whistle when the ball is out of play to indicate 5.1.2, 8.2
that they authorize or reject a team request.
22.2.3 Immediately after the referee’s whistle to signal the completion of 22.2.1.2, 28.1
the rally, they have to indicate with the official hand signals:
22.2.3.1 if the fault is whistled by the 1st referee, he/she will indicate in order:
5
22.2.3.2 If the fault is whistled by the 2nd referee, he/she will indicate:
c) the team to serve following the hand signal of the 1st referee. 12.2.2
In this case, the 1 referee does not show either the nature of the
st
D11 (2)
fault or the player at fault, but only the team to serve.
22.2.3.3 In the case of an attack hit fault or blocking fault by back row or 12.2.2, 13.3.3,
Libero players, both referees indicate according to 22.2.3.1 and 13.3.5,
22.2.3.2 above. 19.3.1.2,
23.3.2.3d,
e, D11 (21)
22.2.3.4 In the case of a double fault both referees indicate in order:
The team to serve next is then indicated by the 1st referee. 12.2.2, D11
(2)
23 1st REFEREE
23.1 LOCATION
The 1st referee carries out his/her functions standing on a referee's D1a, D1b, D10
stand located at one end of the net on the opposite side to the
scorer. His/her view must be approximately 50 cm above the net.
23.2 AUTHORITY
23.2.1 The 1st referee directs the match from the start until the end. He/ 4.1.1, 6.3
she has authority over all members of the refereeing corps and the
members of the teams.
23.2.2 He/she also controls the work of the ball retrievers, floor wipers and 3.3
moppers.
23.2.3 He/she has the power to decide any matters involving the game,
including those not provided for in the rules.
23.2.4 He/she shall not permit any discussion about his/her decisions. 20.1.2
However, at the request of the game captain, the 1st referee will 5.1.2.1
give an explanation on the application or interpretation of the rules
upon which he/she has based the decision.
If the game captain does not agree with this explanation and 5.1.2.1,
chooses to protest against such decision, he/she must immediately 5.1.3.2,
reserve the right to file and record this protest at the conclusion of 25.2.3.2
the match. The 1st referee must authorize this right of the game
captain.
23.2.5 The 1st referee is responsible for determining before and during the Chapter 1,
match whether the playing area equipment and the conditions meet 23.3.1.1
playing requirements.
23.3 RESPONSIBILITIES
23.3.1 Prior to the match, the 1st referee:
23.3.1.1 inspects the conditions of the playing area, the balls and other Chapter 1,
equipment; 23.2.5
a) the faults of the server and of the positions of the serving team, 7.5, 12.4, 12.5,
including the screen; 12.7.1, D4, D6,
D11 (12,13)
b) the faults in playing the ball; 9.3,
D11 (16, 17)
c) the faults above the net, and the faulty contact of the player with 11.3.1,11.4.1,
the net, primarily on the attacker’s side; 11.4.4,
D11 (20)
d) the attack hit faults of the Libero and back-row players; 13.3.3, 13.3.5,
24.3.2.4, D8,
D11 (21)
e) the completed attack hits made by a player on a ball above net 1.4.1, 13.3.6,
height coming from an overhand pass with fingers by the Libero in 24.3.2.4,
his/ her front zone; D11 (21)
f) the ball crossing completely the lower space under the net; 8.4.5, 24.3.2.7,
D5a, D11 (22)
g) the completed block by back row players or the attempted block 14.6.2, 14.6.6,
by the Libero. D11 (12)
h) the ball that crosses the net totally or partly outside of the D11 (15)
crossing space to the opponent’s court or contacts the antenna on
his/her side of the playing court.
i) the served ball and the 3rd hit passing over or outside the antenna D11 (15)
on his/ her side of the court
23.3.3 At the end of the match, he/she checks the score sheet and signs 24.3.3,
it. 25.2.3.3
24 2nd REFEREE
24.1 LOCATION
The 2nd referee performs his/her functions standing outside the D1a, D1b, D10
playing court near the post, on the opposite side of and facing the
1st referee.
24.2 AUTHORITY
24.2.1 The 2nd referee is the assistant of the 1st referee, but has also his/her 24.3
own range of jurisdiction.
Should the 1st referee become unable to continue his/her work, the
2nd referee may replace him/her.
24.2.2 He/she may, without whistling, also signal faults outside his/her 24.3
range of jurisdiction, but may not insist on them to the 1st referee.
24.2.4 He/she supervises the team members on the team bench and 4.2.1
reports their misconduct to the 1st referee.
24.2.6 He/she authorizes the regular game interruptions, controls their 15, 15.11,
duration and rejects improper requests. 25.2.2.3
24.2.7 He/she controls the number of time-outs and substitutions used by 15.1, 25.2.2.3
each team and reports the 2nd time-out and 5th and 6th substitutions
to the 1st referee and the coach concerned.
24.2.8 In the case of an injury of a player, he/she authorizes an exceptional 15.7, 17.1.2
substitution or grants a 3-minute recovery time.
24.2.9 He/she checks the floor condition, mainly in the front zone. He/she 1.2.1, 3
also checks, during the match, that the balls still fulfil the
regulations.
24.2.10 He/she supervises the team members in the penalty areas and 1.4.6, 21.3.2
reports their misconduct to the 1st referee.
24.3 RESPONSIBILITIES
24.3.1 At the start of each set, at the change of courts in the deciding set 5.2.3.1, 7.3.2,
and whenever necessary, the 2nd referee checks that the actual 7.3.5, 18.2.2
positions of the players on the court correspond to those on the
line-up sheets.
24.3.2 During the match, he/she decides, whistles and signals:
24.3.2.1 penetration into the opponent's court, and the space under the net; 1.3.3, 11.2,
D5a, D11 (22)
24.3.2.2 positional faults of the receiving team; 7.5, D4,
D11 (13)
24.3.2.3 the faulty contact of the player with the net primarily on the blocker’s 11.3.1
side and with the antenna on his/her side of the court;
24.3.2.4 the completed block by back row players or the attempted block by 13.3.3, 14.6.2,
the Libero; or the attack hit fault by back row players or by the 14.6.6,
Libero; 23.3.2.3d, e, g,
D11 (12, 21)
24.3.2.5 the contact of the ball with an outside object; 8.4.2, 8.4.3,
D11 (15)
24.3.2.6 the contact of the ball with the floor when the 1st referee is not in 8.3
position to see the contact;
24.3.2.7 the ball that crosses the net plane totally or partly outside of the 8.4.3, 8.4.4,
crossing space to the opponent’s court or contacts the antenna on D5a, D11 (15)
his/ her side of the court.
24.3.2.8 the served ball and the 3rd hit passing over or outside the antenna D11 (15)
on his/ her side of the court.
24.3.3 At the end of the match, he/she checks and signs the score sheet. 23.3.3,
25.2.3.3
25 SCORER
25.1 LOCATION
The scorer performs his/her functions seated at the scorer's table D1a, D1b, D10
on the opposite side of the court from and facing the 1st referee.
25.2 RESPONSIBILITIES
He/she fills in the score sheet according to the rules, co-operating
with the 2nd referee.
25.2.1.1 registers the data of the match and teams, including the names and 4.1, 5.1.1,
numbers of the Liberos, according to the procedures in force, and 5.2.2, 7.3.2,
obtains the signatures of the captains and the coaches; 19.1.2,
19.4.2.6
25.2.1.2 records the starting line-up of each team from the line-up sheet (or 5.2.3.1, 7.3.2
checks the data submitted electronically.)
25.2.2.2 controls the serving order of each team and indicates any error to 12.2
the referees immediately after the service hit;
25.2.2.3 is empowered to acknowledge and announce requests for player 15.1, 15.4.1,
substitutions by use of the buzzer, controlling their number, and 15.10.3c,
records the substitutions and time-outs, informing the 2nd referee; 24.2.6, 24.2.7
25.2.2.4 notifies the referees of a request for regular game interruption that 15.11
is out of order;
25.2.2.5 announces to the referees the ends of the sets, and the scoring of 6.2, 15.4.1,
the 8th point in the deciding set; 18.2.2
25.2.2.6 records misconduct warnings, sanctions and improper requests; 15.11.3, 16.2,
21.3
25.2.2.7 records all other events as instructed by the 2nd referee, i.e. 15.7, 17.1.2,
exceptional substitutions, recovery time, prolonged interruptions, 17.2, 17.3,
external interference, re-designation, etc.; 19.4
25.2.3.3 signs the score sheet him/herself, before obtaining the signatures of 5.1.3.1, 23.3.3,
the team captains and then the referees. 24.3.3
26 ASSISTANT SCORER
26.2.2.2 notifies the referees of any fault of the Libero replacement, by using 19.3.2
the buzzer;
26.2.3.1 signs the Libero control sheet and submits it for checking;
27 LINE JUDGES
27.1 LOCATION
If only two line judges are used, they stand at the corners of the D1a, D1b, D10
court closest to the right hand of each referee, diagonally at 1 to 2
m from the corner.
Each one of them controls both the end line and side line on his/her
side.
They stand in the free zone at 1 to 3 m from each corner of the D10
court, on the imaginary extension of the line that they control.
27.2 RESPONSIBILITIES
27.2.1 The line judges perform their functions by using flags (40 x 40 cm), D12
to signal:
27.2.1.1 the ball ”in” and “out” whenever the ball lands near their line(s); 8.3, 8.4,
D12 (1, 2)
27.2.1.2 the touches of "out" balls by the team receiving the ball; 8.4, D12 (3)
27.2.1.3 the ball touching the antenna, the served ball and the third hit of the 8.4.3, 8.4.4,
team crossing the net outside the crossing space, etc.; 10.1.1, D5a,
D12 (4)
27.2.1.4 any player (except the server) stepping outside of his/her court at 7.4, 12.4.3,
the moment of the service hit; D12 (4)
27.2.1.6 any contact with the top 80 cm of the antenna on their side of the 11.3.1, 11.4.4,
court by any player during his/her action of playing the ball or D3, D12 (4)
interfering with the play;
27.2.1.7 the ball crossing the net outside the crossing space into the 10.1.1, D5a,
opponent's court or touching the antenna on his/her side of the D12 (4)
court.
27.2.2 At the 1st referee's request, a line judge must repeat his/her signal.
28 OFFICIAL SIGNALS
The referees must indicate with the official hand signal the reason
for their whistle (the nature of the fault whistled or the purpose of
the interruption authorized). The signal has to be maintained for a
moment and, if it is indicated with one hand, the hand corresponds
to the side of the team which has made the fault or the request.
The line judges must indicate with the official flag signal the nature
of the fault called, and maintain the signal for a moment.
PART 2
SECTION 3:
DIAGRAMS
Delimitation Fence
DIAGRAM 1a: COMPETITION / CONTROL AREA Competition Control Area Competition Control Area
Photographers‘ Positions VIS Photographers‘ Positions
5 cm
1.75 m
r – Thermometer Po
6m 3 20 cm
Ev – Clock or Chronograph siti
1m
en m on
t – Manual Scoreboard s
Br – 2 rubber wheel trolleys
an
– Net measuring rod
din Team Statistician
– 6x1m long mops
g
– 8 absorbent towels
– 4 Linejudge‘s red or
yellow flags 40x40cm
– Pressure gauge
– Ball measuring devices
Ad
(weight & circumference)
ve
Advertising Boards
9m
– 1 reserve net
VIS
g
– 1 pair of reserve antennae Bo
S
– 2 bibs for Liberos ar
ds
– Bibs for Photographers /
another colour for the HB 5 cm
– Official jacket for CC members
.4.4, 19.3.2.7, 21.3.2.1, 21.3.3.1, 23.1, 24.1, 25.1, 26.1
5 cm
TeamStatistician Ph
20 cm
15 cm
Fir ot
st- og
tie ra
Photographers‘ Positions
r ph
1.75 m
Ev Net Camera ers
en ‘
Alternate replay light
t Blue or black carpet to cover Po
Br Official Scorers the parquet in the control sit
an area and around tribunes io
din Free Zone Buzzer
Scoreboard
Buzzer ns
g VIS Operator
Coach Ball Retriever Coach
Ball Retriever
Numbered Cards Quick Moppers Numbered Cards Ball Retriever
Cameraman
+
Protection Fence Assistant Coaches & Cableman Table Cover Assistant Coach Protection Fence
0.45m
Moppers Players Chairs 150x90x70 Players Chairs Moppers
appr. 3m 150x90x70 150x90x70 0.70m
Cover 2m 2.20m Cover 2m
Players Chairs Cover 5.8m Court Announcer 1.30m Players Chairs Cover 5.8 m
appr. 3m
Competition Control Area Match Balls Reserve ref./linejudge Competition Control Area
Warm-Up TV Commentator*
Area Penalty 150x45 x70 Control Committee Penalty Warm-Up
Therapist/doctor 300x90x70 150x45x70 Therapist/doctor
Area Area Area
Ball Trolley Organiser *To be located on the Ball Trolley
Riser 360x180x20 Media Tribune if possible
2m
min. 3 m (6.50 m)
9m
First-tier
min. 28 m (35 m)
9m
Event Branding
min. 3 m (6.50 m)
2m
60
PART 2 - SECTION 3:
DIAGRAMS
9m
Service zone
Free zone
min. 3 m (6.50 m)
appr. 3 x 3 m
min. 3 m (5 m)
Libero replacement zone
Back zone
COURT
team bench
0.50 m-1 m
Front zoneFront zone
Scorer's table
Substitution zone
min. 24 m (31 m)
Playing court
Free zone
A
1.75 m 1.75 m
Libero replacement zone
team bench
Back zone
COURT
min. 3 m (5 m)
appr. 3 x 3 m
min. 3 m (6.50 m)
Free zone
9m
Service zone
warm-up area
min. 15 m (19 m)
DIAGRAM
18 m 2: THE
0.20 m 0.15 m PLAYING
9m 9 0.0
m 5 COURT
m
1,7 En Relevant
0.0 d Rules: 1.1,
5 5
m lin 1.3, 1.3.3,
m
1.3.4,
1.4.1,
3m 3m 5.2.3.4
0.0
Side line
5
Back zone
m axis of the centre line
Back
zone 0.15 m
0.20 m
Lin
3m 0.15 m
es
of Coach’s Restriction Line 0.20 m
the
1.75 m 0.15 m
ser
0.15 m
vic
rear edge
of the attack line
0.20 m
e 0.15 m
zon 0.20 m
Lines should be 17 in all.
How to measure the Front 0.15 m
Each line should be15cm zone
long with 20cm gap 0.20 m
in between lines.
Front
Front zone zone 0.05 m
0.05
m Side line 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 m
0.0 m m m 0.0
5 5
m m
End line
Attack line Centre line 1,7 Attack line End line
5
m
0.80 m 9m
Cable
0.07 m
1m 2.24 m Women
2.55 m
0.05 m
Cord
9.50 - 10 m
0.50 m / 1 m
Axis
0.01 m
Top band
0.10 m
Cable
0.07 m
Cord
0.10
x
0.10 m
Side band
0.05 m
Example A:
Front-rowplayer
Front-row player Front-row player
Back-row player
Back-row player Back-row player
Example B:
C (C)
C R (D) CCC
(C) R (D)
L (G)
L (G)
Correct Fault
R (D)
CC
(C)
L (G) Correct
R (D)
CC
(C)
Fault
L (G)
C (C) = Centre
player R (D) = Right
player L (G) = Left
player
DIAGRAM 5a: BALL CROSSING THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE NET TO THE OPPONENT COURT
Relevant Rules: 2.4, 8.4.3, 8.4.4, 8.4.5, 10.1.1, 10.1.3, 24.3.2.7, 27.2.1.3, 27.2.1.7
Lower space
= Fault
= Correct crossing
DIAGRAM 5b: BALL CROSSING THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE NET TO THE OPPONENT FREE ZONE
Relevant Rules: 10.1.2, 10.1.2.2, 24.3.2.7
DIAGRAM 6: COLLECTIVE SCREEN
Relevant Rules: 12.5, 12.5.2, 23.3.2.3a
= Correct = Fault
A B
C
Net
Front Zone
Attack Line
C
A B
A =
Correct B, C
= Fault
B
A
Net
A = Correct
B = Fault
DIAGRAM 9: WARNINGS AND SANCTIONS SCALES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
Relevant Rules: 16.2, 21.3, 21.4.2
2 1
1L
1
L
2
S/AS
3R2 R1 6
L
2
3
L
4 5
R1 = First Referee
= Second Referee
R2
S/ A S = Scorer/Assistant Scorer
2 = Lines Judges (numbers 1-4 or 1-2)
1 AUTHORISATION TO SERVE
Relevant Rules: 12.3, 22.2.1.1
2 TEAM TO SERVE
Relevant Rules: 22.2.3.1, 22.2.3.2, 22.2.3.4
FS
3 CHANGE OF COURTS
Relevant Rule: 18.2
4 TIME-OUT
Relevant Rule: 15.4.1
FS
5 SUBSTITUTION
Relevant Rules: 15.5.1, 15.5.2, 15.8
FS
6a MISCONDUCT WARNING
Relevant Rule: 21.1, 21.6
6b MISCONDUCT PENALTY
Relevant Rules: 21.3.1, 21.6, 23.3.2.2
7 EXPULSION
Relevant Rules: 21.3.2, 21.6, 23.3.2.2
7
8 DISQUALIFICATION
Relevant Rules: 21.3.3, 21.6, 23.3.2.2
FS
11 DELAY IN SERVICE
Relevant Rule: 12.4.4
F
12 BLOCKING FAULT OR SCREENING
Relevant Rules: 12.5, 12.6.2.3, 14.6.3, 19.3.1.3, 23.3.2.3a, g, 24.3.2.4
FS
FS
14 BALL “IN”
Relevant Rule: 8.3
15 BALL “OUT”
Relevant Rules: 8.4.1, 8.4.2, 8.4.3, 8.4.4, 24.3.2.5, 24.3.2.7
FS
16 CATCH
Relevant Rules: 9.2.2, 9.3.3, 23.3.2.3b
17 DOUBLE CONTACT
Relevant Rules: 9.3.4, 23.3.2.3b
18 FOUR HITS
Relevant Rules: 9.3.1, 23.3.2.3b
ET TOUCHED BY PLAYER – SERVED BALL TOUCHES THE NET BETWEEN THE ANTENNAE AND DOES NOT PASS THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE
FS
20 REACHING BEYOND THE NET
Relevant Rules: 11.4.1, 13.3.1, 14.3, 14.6.1, 23.3.2.3c
FS
22 PENETRATION INTO THE OPPONENT COURT BALL CROSSING THE LOWER SPACE OR
THE SERVER TOUCHES THE COURT (END LINE) OR
THE PLAYER STEPS OUTSIDE HIS/HER COURT AT THE MOMENT OF THE SERVICE HIT
FS
F
PART 2 - SECTION 3:
DIAGRAMS
24 BALL TOUCHED
Relevant Rules: 23.3.2.3b, 24.2.2
1 BALL “IN”
Relevant Rule: 8.3, 27.2.1.1
L
2 BALL “OUT”
Relevant Rules: 8.4.1, 27.2.1.1
3 BALL TOUCHED
Relevant Rule: 27.2.1.2
4 CROSSING SPACE FAULTS, BALL TOUCHED AN OUTSIDE OBJECT, OR FOOT FAULT BY ANY PLAYER DURING
SERVICE
Relevant Rules: 8.4.2, 8.4.3, 8.4.4, 12.4.3, 27.2.1.3,
27.2.1.4, 27.2.1.6, 27.2.1.7
L
5 JUDGEMENT IMPOSSIBLE
L
PART 3
DEFINITIONS
80
PART 3: DEFINITIONS
ZONES
These are sections within the playing area (i.e. playing court and free zone) as defined for a
specific purpose (or with special restrictions) within the rule text. These include: Front Zone,
Service Zone, Substitution Zone, Free Zone, Back Zone, and Libero Replacement Zone.
AREAS
These are sections of the floor OUTSIDE the free zone, identified by the rules as having a
specific function. These include: warm-up area and penalty area.
LOWER SPACE
This is the space defined at its upper part by the bottom of the net and the cord joining it to the
posts, at the sides by the posts, and the bottom by the playing surface.
CROSSING SPACE
The crossing space is defined by:
The ball must cross to the opponent’s COURT through the crossing space.
EXTERNAL SPACE
The external space is in the vertical plane of the net outside of the crossing and lower spaces.
SUBSTITUTION ZONE
This is the part of the free zone through which substitutions are carried out.
FIVB STANDARDS
The technical specifications or limits as defined by FIVB to the manufacturers of equipment.
PENALTY AREA
In each half of the competition/control area, there is a Penalty Area located behind the
prolongation of the end line, outside the free zone, which should be placed a minimum of 1.5
metres behind the rear edge of the bench.
FAULT
a) A playing action contrary to the rules.
b) A rule violation other than a playing action.
TECHNICAL TIME-OUT
This special mandatory time-out is, in addition to time-outs, to allow the promotion of
Volleyball, analysis of the play and to allow additional commercial opportunities. Technical
Time-Outs are mandatory for FIVB, World and Official competitions.
Moppers: are personnel whose job it is to keep the floor clean and dry. They mop the court
before the match, between the sets and, if necessary, after each rally.
RALLY POINT
This is the system of scoring a point whenever a rally is won.
INTERVAL
The time between sets. The change of courts in the 5th (deciding) set is not to be regarded as an
interval.
RE-DESIGNATION
This is the act by which a Libero, who cannot continue or is declared by the team “unable to
play”, has his/her role taken by any other player (except the regular replacement player) not
on the court at the moment of the re-designation.
REPLACEMENT
This is the act by which a regular player leaves the court and either Libero (if more than one)
takes his/her place. This can even include Libero for Libero exchanges. The regular player can
then replace either Libero. There must be a completed rally between replacements involving
any Libero.
INTERFERING
Any action which will create an advantage against the opponent team or any action which
prevents an opponent from playing the ball.
O-2bis
An FIVB official form which registers players and team officials. It should be presented during
the Preliminary Inquiry.
OUTSIDE OBJECT
An object or a person which while outside the playing court or close to the limit of the free
playing space provides an obstruction to the flight of the ball. For example: overhead lights,
the referee’s chair, TV equipment, scorer’s table, and net posts. Outside objects do not include
the antennae since they are considered as the part of the net.
SUBSTITUTION
This is the act by which one regular player leaves the court and another regular player takes
his/ her place.
INDEX
A
Actions involving the Libero.......................42 F
Additional Equipment.................................16 Fair play......................................................46
Antennae....................................................15 Faults in playing the ball............................29
Application of misconduct sanctions..........48 Faults made during the service..................33
Assistant Coach.........................................21 Faults of the attack hit................................34
Attack hit.....................................................33 First Referee...............................................51
Authorization of the service........................32 – Authority.................................................51
– Location..................................................51
B First service in a set...................................31
Ball at the net.............................................29 Five-ball system.............................................16
Ball crossing the net...................................29 Forbidden objects.......................................19
Ball “in”....................................27, 74, 78
Ball in play..................................................27 G
Ball in the net.............................................30 Game delays..............................................39
Ball “out”......................................27, 74, Game interruptions...............................36, 40
78
Ball out of play............................................27 H
Ball touching the net...................................30 Height of the net.........................................14
Balls............................................................16
Block.....................................................34, 67 I
Block contact..............................................35 Illegal substitution.......................................38
Blocking................................................34, 74 Improper request........................................39
Block and team hits....................................35 Injury / Illness.............................................40
Blocking faults............................................35 Interruptions...............................................36
Blocking the service...................................35 Intervals......................................................41
Blocking within the opponent’s space........35 Intervals and change of courts...................41
C L
Captain.......................................................19 Lighting.......................................................14
Change of courts..................................41, 71 Limitation of substitutions...........................37
Change of equipment.................................19 Line judges......................................57, 78-79
Characteristics of the attack hit..................33 Line judges’ flag signals..................58, 78-79
Characteristics of the hit.............................28 – Location..................................................57
Coach.........................................................20 – Responsibilities..........................................57
Contact with the net...................................31 Lines on the court.......................................13
Location of the team...................................18
D
Default and incomplete team.....................23 M
Delay sanctions..........................................40 Minor misconduct.......................................46
Designation of the Libero...........................42 Misconduct and its sanctions.....................46
Dimensions.................................................12 Misconduct before and between sets........48
Misconduct leading to sanctions................47
E
Equipment............................................18, 42 N
Exceptional game interruption...................40 Net and posts.............................................14
Exceptional substitution.............................37 Number of regular game interruptions.......36
Execution of the service.............................32
External interference..................................40
S
Sanction cards.........................48, 69, 72, 73
Sanction scales.......................................47, 69
Scorer.........................................................55
– Location..................................................55
– Responsibilities......................................55
Screening.............................................32, 74
Second Referee.........................................53
– Authority.................................................53
– Location..................................................53
– Responsibilities......................................54
Service.......................................................31
Service order..............................................32
Sequence of regular game interruptions....36
Serving faults and positional faults............33
Side bands.................................................15
Sportsmanlike conduct...............................46
Standards...................................................16
States of play.............................................27
Structure.....................................................15
Structure of play.........................................23
Substitution.................................................37
Substitution for expulsion or disqualification .
38 Substitution procedure..........................38
MEMO
MEMO