Chapter 9 Capital Budgetin

Chapter 9--Capital Budgeting Techniques
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Beyond some point, a further increase in the size of the firm's total capital budget may lead to a decrease in
the NPVs of all the investments being considered.
True False
2. The primary function of the capital budget is to forecast the funds required for future investments that must
be raised through external funding, that is, by selling stock or bonds.
True False
3. One advantage of the payback period method of evaluating fixed asset investment possibilities is that it
provides a rough measure of a project's liquidity and risk.
True False
4. The modified IRR (MIRR) method has wide appeal to professors, but most business executives prefer the
NPV method to either the regular or modified IRR.
True False
5. The internal rate of return is that discount rate which equates the present value of the cash outflows (or costs)
with the present value of the cash inflows.
True False
6. Under certain conditions, a particular project may have more than one IRR. One condition under which this
situation can occur is if, in addition to the initial investment at time = 0, a negative cash flow occurs at the end
of the project's life.
True False
7. Other things held constant, an increase in the required rate of return will result in a decrease of a project's
IRR.
True False

8. The IRR of a project whose cash flows accrue relatively rapidly is more sensitive to changes in the discount
rate than is the IRR of a project whose cash flows come in more slowly.
True False
9. If a project's NPV exceeds the project's IRR, then the project should be accepted.
True False
10. Conflicts between two mutually exclusive projects, where the NPV method chooses one project but the IRR
method chooses the other, should generally be resolved in favor of the project with the higher NPV.
True False
11. Although the payback method ignores the time value of money, relying solely on this capital budgeting
method will always lead to value maximizing decision.
True False
12. Using the discounted payback method, a project should be accepted when the discounted payback is greater
than the projects expected life.
True False
13. A capital budgeting project is acceptable if the rate of return required for such a project is greater than the
project's internal rate of return.
True False
14. The post-audit two main purposes are to improve forecasts and to improve operations.
True False
15. Any capital budgeting investment rule should depend solely on forecasted cash flows and the opportunity
rate of return. The rule itself should not be affected by managers' tastes, the choice of accounting method, or the
profitability of other independent projects.
True False

16. Project S has a pattern of high cash flows in its early life, while Project L has a longer life, with large cash
flows late in its life. At the current required rate of return, normal Projects S and L have identical NPVs. Now
suppose interest rates and money costs generally decline. Other things held constant, this change will cause L to
become preferred to S.
True False
17. When considering two mutually exclusive projects, the financial manager should always select that project
whose internal rate of return is the highest provided the projects have the same initial cost.
True False
18. If the IRR of normal Project X is greater than the IRR of mutually exclusive Project Y (also normal), we can
conclude that the firm will select X rather than Y if X has a NPV > 0.
True False
19. The main reason that the NPV method is regarded as being conceptually superior to IRR method for
evaluating mutually exclusive investments is that multiple IRRs may exist.
True False
20. The IRR of normal Project X is greater than the IRR of normal Project Y, and both IRRs are greater than
zero. Also, the NPV of X is greater than the NPV of Y at the required rate of return. If the two projects are
mutually exclusive, Project X should definitely be selected, and the investment made, provided we have
confidence in the data. Put another way, it is impossible to draw NPV profiles that would suggest not accepting
Project X.
True False
21. In capital budgeting analyses, it is possible that NPV and IRR will both involve assuming reinvestment of
the project's cash flows at the same rate.
True False
22. Small businesses probably make less use of the DCF capital budgeting techniques than large businesses.
This may reflect a lack of knowledge on the part of small firms' managers, but it may also reflect a rational
conclusion that the costs of using DCF analysis outweigh the benefits of these methods for those firms.
True False

23. Effective capital budgeting can improve the timing of asset acquisition and the quality of assets purchased,
thereby providing an opportunity to purchase and install assets before they are needed.
True False
24. An increase in the discount rate used in computing the NPV of a project will lower the value of the NPV for
that project.
True False
25. NPV and IRR will always lead to the same accept/reject decision for mutually exclusive projects.
True False
26. The NPV method implicitly assumes that the rate at which cash flows can be reinvested is the required rate
of return, whereas the IRR method implies that the firm has the opportunity to reinvest at the project's IRR.
True False
27. There exists an IRR solution for each time the direction of cash flows associated with project is interrupted.
True False
28. The post-audit is a simple process in which actual results are compared to forecasted results and any
discrepancy indicates changes in factors that are completely under management's control.
True False
29. Which of the following capital budgeting methods might not consider the salvage value of a machine being
considered for purchase?
A. Internal rate of return.
B. Net present value.
C. Payback.
D. Discounted payback.
E. Answers c and d are both correct.

30. Assume a project has normal cash flows (i.e., initial cash flow is negative, and all other cash flows are
positive). Which of the following statements is most correct?
A. All else equal, a project's IRR increases as the required rate of return declines.
B. All else equal, a project's NPV increases as the required rate of return declines.
C. All else equal, a project's IRR is unaffected by changes in the required rate of return.
D. Answers a and b are both correct.
E. Answers b and c are both correct.
31. A major disadvantage of the payback period method is it

A. Is useless as a risk indicator.
B. Ignores cash flows beyond the payback period.
C. Does not directly account for the time value of money.
D. All of the above are correct.
E. Only answers b and c are correct.
32. If the calculated NPV is negative, then which of the following must be true? The discount rate used is
A. Equal to the internal rate of return.
B. Too high.
C. Greater than the internal rate of return.
D. Too low.
E. Less than the internal rate of return.

33. Projects A and B have the same expected lives and initial cash outflows. However, one project's cash flows
are larger in the early years, while the other project has larger cash flows in the later years. The two NPV
profiles are given below:
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000000fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
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030000000000
Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Project A has the smaller cash flows in the later years.
B. Project A has the larger cash flows in the later years.
C. We require information on the required rate of return in order to determine which project has larger early
cash flows.
D. The NPV profile graph is inconsistent with the statement made in the problem.
E. None of the above statements is correct.
34. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the required rate of return while the IRR
method assumes reinvestment at the IRR.
B. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the risk-free rate while the IRR method
assumes reinvestment at the IRR.
C. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the required rate of return while the IRR
method assumes reinvestment at the risk-free rate.
D. The NPV method does not consider the inflation premium.
E. The IRR method does not consider all relevant cash flows, and particularly cash flows beyond the payback
period.
35. Which of the following is not a rationale for using the NPV method in capital budgeting?
A. An NPV of zero signifies that the project's cash flows are just sufficient to repay the invested capital and to
provide the required rate of return on that capital.
B. A project whose NPV is positive will increase the value of the firm if that project is accepted.
C. A project is considered acceptable if it has a positive NPV.
D. A project is not considered acceptable if it has a negative NPV.
E. All of the above are true.
36. The ____ involves comparing the actual results with those predicted by the project's sponsors and
explaining why any differences occur.
A. discounted payback
B. internal rate of return
C. post-audit
D. net present value
E. economic value added

37. The present value of the expected net cash inflows for a project will most likely exceed the present value of
the expected net profit after tax for the same project because
A. Income is reduced by taxes paid, but cash flow is not.
B. There is a greater probability of realizing the projected cash flow than the forecasted income.
C. Income is reduced by dividends paid, but cash flow is not.
D. Income is reduced by depreciation charges, but cash flow is not.
E. Cash flow reflects any change in net working capital, but sales do not.

A. Because discounted payback takes account of the required rate of return, a project's discounted payback is
normally shorter than its regular payback.
B. The NPV and IRR methods use the same basic equation, but in the NPV method the discount rate is specified
and the equation is solved for NPV, while in the IRR method the NPV is set equal to zero and the discount rate
is found.
C. If the required rate of return is less than the crossover rate for two mutually exclusive projects' NPV profiles,
a NPV/IRR conflict will not occur.
D. If you are choosing between two projects which have the same life, and if their NPV profiles cross, then the
smaller project will probably be the one with the steeper NPV profile.
E. If the required rate of return is relatively high, this will favor larger, longer-term projects over smaller,
shorter-term alternatives because it is good to earn high rates on larger amounts over longer periods.

A. The discounted payback is generally shorter than the regular payback.
B. Any type of project might have multiple rates of return if the IRR is sufficiently high.
C. The NPV and IRR methods can lead to conflicting and accept/reject decisions only if (1) mutually exclusive
projects are being evaluated and (2) if the projects' NPV profiles cross at a rate less than the firm's cost of
capital.
D. The NPV and IRR methods can lead to conflicting accept/reject decisions only if (1) mutually exclusive
projects are being evaluated and (2) if the projects' NPV profiles cross at a rate greater than the firm's cost of
capital.
E. None of the above is a correct statement.
40. Which of the following statements is false?

A. The NPV will be positive if the IRR is less than the required rate of return.
B. If the multiple IRR problem does not exist, any independent project acceptable by the NPV method will also
be acceptable by the IRR method.
C. When IRR = r (the required rate of return), NPV = 0.
D. The IRR can be positive even if the NPV is negative.
E. The NPV method is not affected by the multiple IRR problem.

41. Assume that you are comparing two mutually exclusive projects. Which of the following statements is most
correct?
A. The NPV and IRR rules will always lead to the same decision unless one or both of the projects are "non-
conventional" in the sense of having only one change of sign in the cash flow stream, i.e., one or more initial
cash outflows (the investment) followed by a series of cash inflows.
B. If a conflict exists between the NPV and the IRR, the conflict can always be eliminated by dropping the IRR
and replacing it with the payback period.
C. There will be a meaningful (as opposed to irrelevant) conflict only if the projects' NPV profiles cross, and
even then, only if the required rate of return is to the left of (or lower than) the discount rate at which the
crossover occurs.
D. Statements a, b, and c are all true.
42. Two mutually exclusive projects each have a cost of $10,000. The total, undiscounted cash flows from
Project L are $15,000, while the undiscounted cash flows from Project S total $13,000. Their NPV profiles
cross at a discount rate of 10 percent. Which of the following statements best describes this situation?
A. The NPV and IRR methods will select the same project if the required rate of return is greater than 10
percent; for example, 18 percent.
B. The NPV and IRR methods will select the same project if the cost of capital is less than 10 percent; for
example, 8 percent.
C. To determine if a ranking conflict will occur between the two projects the required rate of return is needed as
well as an additional piece of information.
D. Project L should be selected at any required rate of return, because it has a higher IRR.
E. Project S should be selected at any required rate of return, because it has a higher IRR.
43. The internal rate of return of a capital investment

A. Changes when the required rate of return changes.
B. Is equal to the annual net cash flows divided by one half of the project's cost when the cash flows are an
annuity.
C. Must exceed the required rate of return in order for the firm to accept the investment.
D. Is similar to the yield to maturity bond.

A. In general, the NPVs of riskier cash flows should be found using relatively high discount rates. However, if a
cash flow is negative, it should be evaluated using a low discount rate.
B. If a project has only costs (no revenues) as would certain environmental projects, then the project is likely to
have two regular IRRs.
C. If the NPV and IRR methods give conflicting rankings for two mutually exclusive projects, the payback
period should be used to choose the project that should be purchased.
D. It is better to use the NPV method to evaluate independent projects, but for mutually exclusive projects,
especially if projects vary greatly in size, the IRR method is better.

45. Two firms evaluated the same capital budgeting project to determine whether to purchase it. The CFO of
Anchor Weights Corporation (AWC) reported that she determined that the project's internal rate of return equals
9 percent, and she recommended that the project be purchased. The CFO of Sectional Spas Incorporated (SSI)
simply reported that the project was unacceptable to his firm when he evaluated it using one of the capital
budgeting techniques that considers the time value of money. Given this information, which of the following
statements is correct?
A. The net present value of the project must be positive for both firms.
B. If the SSI's CFO computes the IRR for the project, he will find that it is less than 9 percent for his company.
C. AWC's CFO must have used the traditional payback period method to evaluate the project.
D. If the project is acceptable (unacceptable) to one firm, it must be acceptable (unacceptable) to both firms. As
a result, one of the CFOs made a mistake when evaluating the project.
E. SSI's must have a required rate of return that is greater than 9 percent.
46. When Richard evaluated a capital budgeting project¾a new machine needed to manufacture
inventory¾using his firm's required rate of return, he discovered that the project's net present value (NPV) is
negative. Based on this information, which of the following must be correct?
A. The project's internal rate of return is also negative.
B. The project's discounted payback period is greater than its economic life.
C. As long as the new machine's initial investment outlay is fairly low, the firm should purchase if it is used to
replace an older machine that is required to produce inventory.
D. The project's traditional payback period must be greater than the maximum payback period that the firm has
established.
E. Two or more of these scenarios must be correct.
47. Tara is evaluating two mutually exclusive capital budgeting projects that have the following characteristics:
Cash Flows
Year Project Q Project R
0 $(4,000) $(4,000)
1 0 3,500
2 5,000 1,100

IRR 11.8% 12.0%
If the firm's required rate of return (r) is 10 percent, which project should be purchased?
A. Both projects should be purchased, because the IRRs for both projects exceed the firm's required rate of
return.
B. Neither project should be accepted, because the IRRs for both projects exceed the firm's required rate of
return.
C. Project Q should be accepted, because its net present value (NPV) is higher than Project R's NPV.
D. Project R should be accepted, because its net present value (NPV) is higher than Project Q's NPV.
E. None of the above is a correct answer.

48. Union Atlantic Corporation, which has a required rate of return equal to 14 percent, is evaluating a capital
budgeting project that has the following characteristics:
Year Cash Flows

0 $(170,000)
1 60,750
2 60,750
3 60,750
4 60,750
Union Atlantic's capital budgeting manager has determined that the project's net present value is $7,008. According to this information, which of the
following statements is correct?
A. The project's internal rate of return (IRR) must be greater than 14 percent.
B. The project's discounted payback must be less that its economic life.
C. The project should be purchased by Union Atlantic.
D. All of these statements are correct.
E. None of these statements is correct.

49. The importance of capital budgeting decisions is due to all of the following factors except for:
A. the impact of a capital budgeting decision is long term; the firm looses some decision-making flexibility
when capital projects are purchased.
B. effective capital budgeting can improve the timing of asset acquisition and the quality of assets purchased.
C. the acquisition of fixed assets typically involves substantial expenditures, and before a firm spends a large
amount of money, it must have the funds available.
D. capital budgeting techniques overcome the problems with error in forecasts for asset requirements and
projected sales, we will still be able to determine if we should fund the project.
E. all of the above are factors that make capital budgeting important.
50. The advantage of the payback period over other capital budgeting techniques is that
A. it is the simplest and oldest formal model to evaluate capital budgeting model.
B. it directly accounts for the time value of money.
C. it ignores cash flows beyond the payback period.
D. it always leads to decisions that maximize the value of the firm.
E. it incorporates risk into the discount rate used to solve the payback period.
51. If the NPV form a project is positive it must be that

A. the discounted payback period is longer than the useful life of the project.
B. the internal rate of return is lower than the discount used.
C. the project is not acceptable on a risk adjusted basis.
D. this project is preferred to any other mutually exclusive project.
E. accepting the project increases the value of the firm.

52. Discounted payback's primary advantage over traditional payback is that
A. discounted payback considers cash flows that occur after the discounted payback period.
B. discounted payback is always shorter than traditional payback making more projects acceptable.
C. discounted payback does consider the time value of money.
D. discounted payback will let you accept projects whose discounted payback period is longer than the useful of
the project.
E. all of the above are true.
53. Which of the following statements concerning the internal rate of return is false?
A. The internal rate of return for a capital budgeting project is the same for all firms regardless of their cost of
capital.
B. A project is acceptable long as the project's internal rate of return is greater than the hurdle rate for the
project.
C. The internal rate of return is dependent on the timing of the cash flows.
D. A project with a positive internal rate of return will always increase the value of the firm if the project is
accepted.
E. You do not need to know the required rate of return to solve for the internal rate of return.
54. Net present value is preferred to internal rate of return for capital budgeting decisions because
A. the internal rate of return does not allow you to determine if the project is acceptable.
B. the net present value is the only method that allows you to determine which independent project is
acceptable.
C. the net present value allows you to compare mutually exclusive projects.
D. the internal rate of return for a project is different for each firm.
E. NPV contains information about a projects "safety margin" which is not inherent in IRR.
55. All of the following factors can complicate the post-audit process except
A. each element of the cash flow forecast is subject to uncertainty.
B. projects sometimes fail to meet expectations for reasons beyond the control of operating executives.
C. it is often difficult to separate the operating results of one investment from those of a larger system.
D. executives who were responsible for a given decision might have moved on by the time the time the results
of the long term project are known.
E. the most successful firms, on average, are the ones that put the least emphasis on the post-audit.
56. Benefits of the post-audit include all of the following except

A. when decision makers are forced to compare their projections to actual outcomes, there is a tendency to
improve.
B. conscious or unconscious biases are removed.
C. negative NPV projects are identified before they begin.
D. forecasts are improved.
E. all of the above are benefits of the post-audit.

57. Your assistant has just completed an analysis of two mutually exclusive projects. You must now take her
report to a board of directors meeting and present the alternatives for the board's consideration. To help you with
your presentation, your assistant also constructed a graph with NPV profiles for the two projects. However, she
forgot to label the profiles, so you do not know which line applies to which project. Of the following statements
regarding the profiles, which one is most reasonable?
A. If the two projects have the same investment cost, and if their NPV profiles cross once in the upper right
quadrant, at a discount rate of 40 percent, this suggests that a NPV versus IRR conflict is not likely to exist.
B. If the two projects' NPV profiles cross once, in the upper left quadrant, at a discount rate of minus 10 percent,
then there will probably not be a NPV versus IRR conflict, irrespective of the relative sizes of the two projects,
in any meaningful, practical sense (that is, a conflict which will affect the actual investment decision).
C. If one of the projects has a NPV profile which crosses the X-axis twice, hence the project appears to have
two IRRs, your assistant must have made a mistake.
D. Whenever a conflict between NPV and IRR exist, then, if the two projects have the same initial cost, the one
with the steeper NPV profile probably has less rapid cash flows. However, if they have identical cash flow
patterns, then the one with the steeper profile probably has the lower initial cost.
E. If the two projects both have a single outlay at t = 0, followed by a series of positive cash inflows, and if their
NPV profiles cross in the lower left quadrant, then one of the projects should be accepted, and both would be
accepted if they were not mutually exclusive.
58. A college intern working at Anderson Paints evaluated potential investments¾that is, capital budgeting
projects¾using the firm's average required rate of return (WACC), and he produced the following report for the
capital budgeting manager:
Project NPV IRR Risk

LOM $1,500 12.5% High
QUE 0 11.0 Low
YUP 800 9.5 Average
DOG (450) 10.0 Low
The capital budgeting manager usually considers the risks associated with capital budgeting projects before making her final decision. If a project has
a risk that is different from average, she adjusts the average required rate of return by adding or subtracting 2 percentage points. If the four projected
listed above are independent, which one(s) should the capital budgeting manager recommend be purchased?
A. Project LOM only, because it has both the highest NPV and the higher IRR.
B. Projects LOM, QUE, and YUP, because they all have positive NPVs and their IRRs.
C. Projects DOG and QUE, because their IRRs are greater than their risk-adjusted discount he projects returns
are higher than the rates of return that capital budgeting manager uses to evaluate them.
D. Projects QUE, YUP, and DOG, because their IRRs are greater than their risk-adjusted discount rates¾that is,
the projects returns are higher than the rates of return that capital budgeting manager uses to evaluate them.
E. There is not enough information to answer this question, because the firm's average required rate of return
cannot be determined.

59. The Seattle Corporation has been presented with an investment opportunity which will yield cash flows of
$30,000 per year in Years 1 through 4, $35,000 per year in Years 5 through 9, and $40,000 in Year 10. This
investment will cost the firm $150,000 today, and the firm's required rate of return is 10 percent. Assume cash
flows occur evenly during the year, 1/365th each day. What is the payback period for this investment?
A. 5.23 years
B. 4.86 years
C. 4.00 years
D. 6.12 years
E. 4.35 years
60. You have recently accepted a one-year employment term by a firm. The firm has given you the option of
receiving your salary as a lump sum value of $30,000 at the end of the year or as 12 monthly payments of
$2,400 starting one month after you start work. If your relevant discount rate is 2 percent per month, then which
salary options would you prefer? (Ignore taxes, risk, and consumption needs.) Choose the best answer.
A. The lump sum payment, since it has the larger future value.
B. Monthly payments, since you do not have to wait so long to receive your money.
C. Either one, since they have the same present value.
D. The lump sum payment, since it has the larger present value.
E. Monthly payments, since it has the larger present value.
61. Two projects being considered are mutually exclusive and have the following cash flows:
Year Project A Project B

0 -$50,000 -$50,000
1 15,625 0
2 15,625 0
3 15,625 0
4 15,625 0
5 15,625 99,500
If the required rate of return on these projects is 10 percent, which would be chosen and why?
A. Project B because of higher NPV.
B. Project B because of higher IRR.
C. Project A because of higher NPV.
D. Project A because of higher IRR.
E. Neither, because both have IRRs less than the cost of capital.

62. The capital budgeting director of Sparrow Corporation is evaluating a project which costs $200,000, is
expected to last for 10 years and produce after-tax cash flows, including depreciation, of $44,503 per year. If the
firm's required rate of return is 14 percent and its tax rate is 40 percent, what is the project's IRR?
A. 8%
B. 14%
C. 18%
D. -5%
E. 12%
63. An insurance firm agrees to pay you $3,310 at the end of 20 years if you pay premiums of $100 per year at
the end of each year of the 20 years. Find the internal rate of return to the nearest whole percentage point.
A. 9%
B. 7%
C. 5%
D. 3%
E. 11%
64. Michigan Mattress Company is considering the purchase of land and the construction of a new plant. The
land, which would be bought immediately (at t = 0), has a cost of $100,000 and the building, which would be
erected at the end of the first year (t = 1), would cost $500,000. It is estimated that the firm's after-tax cash flow
will be increased by $100,000 starting at the end of the second year, and that this incremental flow would
increase at a 10 percent rate annually over the next 10 years. What is the approximate payback period?
A. 2 years
B. 4 years
C. 6 years
D. 8 years
E. 10 years
65. The Seattle Corporation has been presented with an investment opportunity which will yield end of year
cash flows of $30,000 per year in Years 1 through 4, $35,000 per year in Years 5 through 9, and $40,000 in Year
10. This investment will cost the firm $150,000 today, and the firm's required rate of return is 10 percent. What
is the NPV for this investment?
A. $135,984
B. $18,023
C. $219,045
D. $51,138
E. $92,146

66. You are considering the purchase of an investment that would pay you $5,000 per year for Years 1-5, $3,000
per year for Years 6-8, and $2,000 per year for Years 9 and 10. If you require a 14 percent rate of return, and the
cash flows occur at the end of each year, then how much should you be willing to pay for this investment?
A. $15,819.27
B. $21,937.26
C. $32,415.85
D. $38,000.00
E. $52,815.71
67. Two projects being considered by a firm are mutually exclusive and have the following projected cash
flows:

0 ($100,00) ($100,000)
1 39,500 0
2 39,500 0
3 39,500 133,000
Based only on the information given, which of the two projects would be preferred, and why?
A. Project A, because it has a shorter payback period.
B. Project B, because it has a higher IRR.
C. Indifferent, because the projects have equal IRRs.
D. Include both in the capital budget, since the sum of the cash inflows exceeds the initial investment in both
cases.
E. Choose neither, since their NPVs are negative.

68. Two fellow financial analysts are evaluating a project with the following net cash flows:
Year Cash Flow

0 $-10,000
1 100,000
2 -100,000
One analyst says that the project has an IRR of between 12 and 13%. The other analyst calculates an IRR of just under 800%, but fears his
calculator's battery is low and may have caused an error. You agree to settle the dispute by analyzing the project cash flows. Which statement best
describes the IRR for this project?
A. There is a single IRR of approximately 12.7 percent.
B. This project has no IRR, because the NPV profile does not cross the X axis.
C. There are multiple IRRs of approximately 12.7 percent and 787 percent.
D. This project has two imaginary IRRs.
E. There are an infinite number of IRRs between 12.5 percent and 790 percent that can define the IRR for this
project.

69. Two projects being considered are mutually exclusive and have the following projected cash flows:

0 -$50,000 -$ 50,000
1 15,990 0
2 15,990 0
3 15,990 0
4 15,990 0
5 15,990 100,560
At what rate (approximately) do the NPV profiles of Projects A and B cross?

A. 6.5%
B. 11.5%
C. 16.5%
D. 20.0%
E. The NPV profiles of these two projects do not cross.

70. In comparing two mutually exclusive projects of equal size and equal life, which of the following statements
is most correct?
A. The project with the higher NPV may not always be the project with the higher IRR.
B. The project with the higher NPV may not always be the project with the higher MIRR.
C. The project with the higher IRR may not always be the project with the higher MIRR.
D. All of the above answers are correct.
E. Answers a and c are both correct.

A. One can find the "cross-over rate," or the discount rate at which two normal projects have the same NPV, by
finding the IRR of the differences in the projects' yearly cash flows.
B. If you calculate a project's MIRR and find it to be the same as the regular IRR, you can be sure you made a
mistake.
C. If a project's IRR is less than its required rate of return, then the discounted payback period will be less than
the regular payback period.
D. If a project has a cash outflow at t = 0 followed by a single cash inflow at t = 10, then the MIRR will be less
than the regular IRR.
E. If a project has a cash outflow at t = 0 followed by a single cash inflow at t = 10, then the MIRR will be
greater than the regular IRR.
72. Which of the following is most correct? The modified IRR (MIRR) method:
A. Always leads to the same ranking decision as NPV for independent projects.
B. Overcomes the problem of multiple rates of return.
C. Compounds cash flows at the required rate of return.
D. Overcomes the problem of cash flow timing and the problem of project size that leads to criticism of the
regular IRR method.

73. The modified IRR (MIRR) is normally
A. Less than the regular IRR if IRR > r.
B. Greater than the regular IRR if IRR > r.
C. Equal to the regular IRR if IRR = r.
D. Answers a and c are both correct.

A. When dealing with independent projects, discounted payback (using a payback requirement of 3 or less
years), NPV, IRR, and modified IRR always lead to the same accept/reject decisions for a given project.
B. When dealing with mutually exclusive projects, the NPV and modified IRR methods always rank projects
the same, but those rankings can conflict with rankings produced by the discounted payback and the regular
IRR methods.
C. Multiple rates of return are possible with the regular IRR method but not with the modified IRR method, and
this fact is one reason given by the textbook for favoring MIRR (or modified IRR) over IRR.
D. Statements a, b and c are all false.

A. There can never be a conflict between NPV and IRR decisions if the decision is related to a normal,
independent project, i.e., NPV will never indicate acceptance if IRR indicates rejection.
B. To find the MIRR, we first compound CFs at the regular IRR to find the TV, and then we discount the TV at
the required rate of return to find the PV.
C. The NPV and IRR methods both assume that cash flows are reinvested at the required rate of return.
However, the MIRR method assumes reinvestment at the MIRR itself.
D. If you are choosing between two projects which have the same cost, and if their NPV profiles cross, then the
project with the higher IRR probably has more of its cash flows coming in the later years.
E. A change in the required rate of return would normally change both a project's NPV and its IRR.

A. The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) of a project increases as the discount rate increases.
B. The internal rate of return (IRR) of a project increases as the required rate of return increases.
C. Both IRR and MIRR can produce the multiple rates of return.
D. When comparing two projects, the project with the higher IRR will also have the higher MIRR.
E. Both a and c are correct.

77. Alyeska Salmon Inc., a large salmon canning firm operating out of Valdez, Alaska, has a new automated
production line project it is considering. The project has a cost of $275,000 and is expected to provide after-tax
annual cash flows of $73,306 for eight years. The firm's management is uncomfortable with the IRR
reinvestment assumption and prefers the modified IRR approach. You have calculated a required rate of return
for the firm of 12 percent. What is the project's MIRR?
A. 15.0%
B. 14.0%
C. 12.0%
D. 16.0%
E. 17.0%
78. Below are the returns of Nulook Cosmetics and the "market" over a three-year period:
Year Nulook Market

1 8% 6%
2 9% 9%
3 32% 22%
Nulook finances internally using only retained earnings, and it uses the Capital Asset Pricing Model with a historical beta to determine its required
rate of return. Currently, the risk-free rate is 7 percent, and the estimated market risk premium is 6 percent. Nulook is evaluating a project which has a
cost today of $2,028 and will provide estimated cash inflows of $1,000 at the end of the next 3 years. What is this project's MIRR?
A. 12.4%
B. 16.0%
C. 17.5%
D. 20.0%
E. 22.9%

79. Project A has a cost of $1,000, and it will produce end-of-year net cash inflows of $500 per year for 3 years.
The project's required rate of return is 10 percent. What is the difference between the project's IRR and its
MIRR?
A. 3.88%
B. 4.31%
C. 5.09%
D. 5.75%
E. 6.21%
80. Project X has a cost of $30,000 at t = 0, and it is expected to produce a uniform cash flow stream for 7
years, i.e., the CF's are the same in Years 1 through 7, and it has a regular IRR of 14 percent. The required rate
of return for the project is 12 percent. What is the project's modified IRR (MIRR)?
A. 11.87%
B. 12.42%
C. 13.00%
D. 13.36%
E. 13.59%

81. Los Angeles Lumber Company (LALC) is considering a project with a cost of $1,000 at t = 0 and inflows of
$300 at the end of Years 1-5. LALC's cost of capital is 10 percent. What is the project's modified IRR (MIRR)?
A. 10.0%
B. 12.9%
C. 15.2%
D. 18.3%
E. 20.7%
82. Capitol City Transfer Company is considering building a new terminal in Salt Lake City. If the company
goes ahead with the project, it must spend $1 million immediately (at t = 0) and another $1 million at the end of
Year 1 (t = 1). It will then receive net cash flows of $0.5 million at the end of Years 2-5, and it expects to sell the
property and net $1 million at the end of Year 6. All cash inflows and outflows are after taxes. The company's
required rate of return is 12 percent, and it uses the modified IRR criterion for capital budgeting decisions. What
is the project's modified IRR (MIRR)?
A. 11.9%
B. 12.0%
C. 11.4%
D. 11.5%
E. 11.7%
83. Houston Inc. is considering a project which involves building a new refrigerated warehouse which will cost
$7,000,000 at t = 0 and which is expected to have operating cash flows of $500,000 at the end of each of the
next 20 years. However, repairs which will cost $1,000,000 must be incurred at the end of the 10th year. Thus,
at the end of Year 10 there will be a $500,000 operating cash inflow and an outflow of $1,000,000 for repairs. If
Houston's required rate of return is 12 percent, what is the project's MIRR? (Hint: Think carefully about the
MIRR equation and the treatment of cash outflows.)
A. 7.75%
B. 8.29%
C. 9.81%
D. 11.45%
E. 12.33%
84. Your company is considering two mutually exclusive projects, X and Y, whose costs and cash flows are
shown below:
Year X Y
0 -$2,000 -$2,000
1 200 2,000
2 600 200
3 800 100
4 1,400 75
The projects are equally risky, and the firm's required rate of return is 12 percent. You must make a recommendation, and you must base it on the
modified IRR. What is the MIRR of the better project?
A. 12.00%
B. 11.46%
C. 13.59%
D. 12.89%
E. 15.73%

85. International Transport Company is considering building a new facility in Seattle. If the company goes
ahead with the project, it will spend $2 million immediately (at t = 0) and another $2 million at the end of Year
1(t = 1). It will then receive net cash flows of $1 million at the end of Years 2-5, and it expects to sell the
property for $2 million at the end of Year 6. The company's required rate of return is 12 percent, and it uses the
modified IRR criterion for capital budgeting decisions. Which of the following statements is most correct?
A. The project should be rejected because the modified IRR is less than the regular IRR.
B. The project should be accepted because the modified IRR is greater than the required rate of return.
C. The regular IRR is less than the required rate of return. Under this condition, the modified IRR will also be
less than the regular IRR.
D. If the regular IRR is less than the required rate of return, then the modified IRR will be greater than the
regular IRR.
E. Given the data in the problem, the NPV is negative. This demonstrates that the modified IRR criterion is not
always a valid decision method for projects such as this one.
86. Mooradian Corporation estimates that its required rate of return is 11 percent. The company is considering
two mutually exclusive projects whose after-tax cash flows are as follows:
Year Project S Project L

0 -$3,000 -$9,000
1 2,500 -1,000
2 1,500 5,000
3 1,500 5,000
4 -500 5,000
What is the modified internal rate of return (MIRR) of the project with the highest NPV?
A. 11.89%
B. 13.66%
C. 16.01%
D. 18.25%
E. 20.12%

87. O'Donnell Inc. has a required rate of return of 11.5 percent. The company has a project with the following
cash flows:
Year Cash flow

0 -$200
1 235
2 -65
3 300
What is the project's modified internal rate of return (MIRR)?

A. 28.15%
B. 32.90%
C. 36.27%
D. 39.87%
E. 40.15%

88. Financial Calculator Section

The following question(s) may require the use of a financial calculator.
An investment project has an initial cost, and then generates inflows of $50 a year for the next five years. The
project has a payback period of 3.6 years. What is the project's internal rate of return?
A. 11.18%
B. 12.05%
C. 13.47%
D. 14.66%
E. 15.89%

Your company is choosing between following non-repeatable, equally risky, mutually exclusive projects with
the cash flows shown below. Your required rate of return is 10 percent. How much value will your firm sacrifice
if it selects the project with the higher IRR?
Project L Project S
Time CF CF
0 -2,000 -1,000
1 668.76 500
2 668.76 500
3 668.76 500
4 668.76
5 668.76

A. $243.43
B. $291.70
C. $332.50
D. $481.15
E. $535.13

Given the following net cash flows, determine the IRR of the project:
Net cash
Time flow
0 $1,520
1 -1,000
2 -1,500
3 500

A. 36%
B. 32%
C. 28%
D. 24%
E. 20%

A company is analyzing two mutually exclusive projects, S and L, whose cash flows are shown below:
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0030000000000
The company's required rate of return is 12 percent. What is the IRR of the better project? (Hint: Note that the
better project may or may not be the one with the higher IRR.)
A. 13.09%
B. 12.00%
C. 17.46%
D. 13.88%
E. 12.53%

Woodson Inc. has two possible projects, Project A and Project B, with the following cash flows:

0 -150,000 -100,000
1 100,000 45,000
2 105,000 65,000
3 40,000 80,000
At what required rate of return do the two projects have the same net present value (NPV)? (In other words, what is the "crossover rate" of the
projects' NPV profiles?)
A. 10.3%
B. 13.5%
C. 15.8%
D. 21.7%
E. 34.8%


As the capital budgeting director for Chapel Hill Coffins Company, you are evaluating construction of a new
plant. The plant has a net cost of $5 million in Year 0 (today), and it will provide net cash inflows of $1 million
at the end of Year 1, $1.5 million at the end of Year 2, and $2 million at the end of Years 3 through 5. Within
what range is the plant's IRR?
A. 14-15%
B. 15-16%
C. 16-17%
D. 17-18%
E. 18-19%

After getting her degree in marketing and working for 5 years for a large department store, Sally started her
own specialty shop in a regional mall. Sally's current lease calls for payments of $1,000 at the end of each
month for the next 60 months. Now the landlord offers Sally a new 5-year lease which calls for zero rent for 6
months, then rental payments of $1,050 at the end of each month for the next 54 months. Sally's required rate of
return is 11 percent. By what absolute dollar amount would accepting the new lease change Sally's theoretical
net worth? (Hint: The required rate of return per month is 11%/12 = 0.9166667%.)
A. $2,810.09
B. $3,243.24
C. $3,803.06
D. $4,299.87
E. $4,681.76

Chapter 9--Capital Budgeting Techniques Key

1. Beyond some point, a further increase in the size of the firm's total capital budget may lead to a decrease in
the NPVs of all the investments being considered.
TRUE
2. The primary function of the capital budget is to forecast the funds required for future investments that must
be raised through external funding, that is, by selling stock or bonds.
FALSE
3. One advantage of the payback period method of evaluating fixed asset investment possibilities is that it
provides a rough measure of a project's liquidity and risk.
TRUE
4. The modified IRR (MIRR) method has wide appeal to professors, but most business executives prefer the
NPV method to either the regular or modified IRR.
FALSE
5. The internal rate of return is that discount rate which equates the present value of the cash outflows (or costs)
with the present value of the cash inflows.
TRUE
6. Under certain conditions, a particular project may have more than one IRR. One condition under which this
situation can occur is if, in addition to the initial investment at time = 0, a negative cash flow occurs at the end
of the project's life.
TRUE
7. Other things held constant, an increase in the required rate of return will result in a decrease of a project's
IRR.
FALSE

8. The IRR of a project whose cash flows accrue relatively rapidly is more sensitive to changes in the discount
rate than is the IRR of a project whose cash flows come in more slowly.
FALSE
9. If a project's NPV exceeds the project's IRR, then the project should be accepted.
FALSE
10. Conflicts between two mutually exclusive projects, where the NPV method chooses one project but the IRR
method chooses the other, should generally be resolved in favor of the project with the higher NPV.
TRUE
11. Although the payback method ignores the time value of money, relying solely on this capital budgeting
method will always lead to value maximizing decision.
FALSE
12. Using the discounted payback method, a project should be accepted when the discounted payback is greater
than the projects expected life.
FALSE
13. A capital budgeting project is acceptable if the rate of return required for such a project is greater than the
project's internal rate of return.
FALSE
14. The post-audit two main purposes are to improve forecasts and to improve operations.
TRUE
15. Any capital budgeting investment rule should depend solely on forecasted cash flows and the opportunity
rate of return. The rule itself should not be affected by managers' tastes, the choice of accounting method, or the
profitability of other independent projects.
TRUE

16. Project S has a pattern of high cash flows in its early life, while Project L has a longer life, with large cash
flows late in its life. At the current required rate of return, normal Projects S and L have identical NPVs. Now
suppose interest rates and money costs generally decline. Other things held constant, this change will cause L to
become preferred to S.
TRUE
17. When considering two mutually exclusive projects, the financial manager should always select that project
whose internal rate of return is the highest provided the projects have the same initial cost.
FALSE
18. If the IRR of normal Project X is greater than the IRR of mutually exclusive Project Y (also normal), we can
conclude that the firm will select X rather than Y if X has a NPV > 0.
FALSE
19. The main reason that the NPV method is regarded as being conceptually superior to IRR method for
evaluating mutually exclusive investments is that multiple IRRs may exist.
FALSE
20. The IRR of normal Project X is greater than the IRR of normal Project Y, and both IRRs are greater than
zero. Also, the NPV of X is greater than the NPV of Y at the required rate of return. If the two projects are
mutually exclusive, Project X should definitely be selected, and the investment made, provided we have
confidence in the data. Put another way, it is impossible to draw NPV profiles that would suggest not accepting
Project X.
FALSE
21. In capital budgeting analyses, it is possible that NPV and IRR will both involve assuming reinvestment of
the project's cash flows at the same rate.
TRUE
22. Small businesses probably make less use of the DCF capital budgeting techniques than large businesses.
This may reflect a lack of knowledge on the part of small firms' managers, but it may also reflect a rational
conclusion that the costs of using DCF analysis outweigh the benefits of these methods for those firms.
TRUE

23. Effective capital budgeting can improve the timing of asset acquisition and the quality of assets purchased,
thereby providing an opportunity to purchase and install assets before they are needed.
TRUE
24. An increase in the discount rate used in computing the NPV of a project will lower the value of the NPV for
that project.
TRUE
25. NPV and IRR will always lead to the same accept/reject decision for mutually exclusive projects.
FALSE
26. The NPV method implicitly assumes that the rate at which cash flows can be reinvested is the required rate
of return, whereas the IRR method implies that the firm has the opportunity to reinvest at the project's IRR.
TRUE
27. There exists an IRR solution for each time the direction of cash flows associated with project is interrupted.
TRUE
28. The post-audit is a simple process in which actual results are compared to forecasted results and any
discrepancy indicates changes in factors that are completely under management's control.
FALSE
29. Which of the following capital budgeting methods might not consider the salvage value of a machine being
considered for purchase?
A. Internal rate of return.
B. Net present value.
C. Payback.
D. Discounted payback.

30. Assume a project has normal cash flows (i.e., initial cash flow is negative, and all other cash flows are
positive). Which of the following statements is most correct?
A. All else equal, a project's IRR increases as the required rate of return declines.
B. All else equal, a project's NPV increases as the required rate of return declines.
C. All else equal, a project's IRR is unaffected by changes in the required rate of return.
D. Answers a and b are both correct.
31. A major disadvantage of the payback period method is it

A. Is useless as a risk indicator.
B. Ignores cash flows beyond the payback period.
C. Does not directly account for the time value of money.
D. All of the above are correct.
E. Only answers b and c are correct.
32. If the calculated NPV is negative, then which of the following must be true? The discount rate used is
A. Equal to the internal rate of return.
B. Too high.
C. Greater than the internal rate of return.
D. Too low.
E. Less than the internal rate of return.

33. Projects A and B have the same expected lives and initial cash outflows. However, one project's cash flows
are larger in the early years, while the other project has larger cash flows in the later years. The two NPV
profiles are given below:
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030000000000
Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Project A has the smaller cash flows in the later years.
B. Project A has the larger cash flows in the later years.
C. We require information on the required rate of return in order to determine which project has larger early
cash flows.
D. The NPV profile graph is inconsistent with the statement made in the problem.
E. None of the above statements is correct.

A. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the required rate of return while the IRR
method assumes reinvestment at the IRR.
B. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the risk-free rate while the IRR method
assumes reinvestment at the IRR.
C. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the required rate of return while the IRR
method assumes reinvestment at the risk-free rate.
D. The NPV method does not consider the inflation premium.
E. The IRR method does not consider all relevant cash flows, and particularly cash flows beyond the payback
period.
35. Which of the following is not a rationale for using the NPV method in capital budgeting?
A. An NPV of zero signifies that the project's cash flows are just sufficient to repay the invested capital and to
provide the required rate of return on that capital.
B. A project whose NPV is positive will increase the value of the firm if that project is accepted.
C. A project is considered acceptable if it has a positive NPV.
D. A project is not considered acceptable if it has a negative NPV.
E. All of the above are true.
36. The ____ involves comparing the actual results with those predicted by the project's sponsors and
explaining why any differences occur.
A. discounted payback
B. internal rate of return
C. post-audit
D. net present value
E. economic value added

37. The present value of the expected net cash inflows for a project will most likely exceed the present value of
the expected net profit after tax for the same project because
A. Income is reduced by taxes paid, but cash flow is not.
B. There is a greater probability of realizing the projected cash flow than the forecasted income.
C. Income is reduced by dividends paid, but cash flow is not.
D. Income is reduced by depreciation charges, but cash flow is not.
E. Cash flow reflects any change in net working capital, but sales do not.

A. Because discounted payback takes account of the required rate of return, a project's discounted payback is
normally shorter than its regular payback.
B. The NPV and IRR methods use the same basic equation, but in the NPV method the discount rate is specified
and the equation is solved for NPV, while in the IRR method the NPV is set equal to zero and the discount rate
is found.
C. If the required rate of return is less than the crossover rate for two mutually exclusive projects' NPV profiles,
a NPV/IRR conflict will not occur.
D. If you are choosing between two projects which have the same life, and if their NPV profiles cross, then the
smaller project will probably be the one with the steeper NPV profile.
E. If the required rate of return is relatively high, this will favor larger, longer-term projects over smaller,
shorter-term alternatives because it is good to earn high rates on larger amounts over longer periods.

A. The discounted payback is generally shorter than the regular payback.
B. Any type of project might have multiple rates of return if the IRR is sufficiently high.
C. The NPV and IRR methods can lead to conflicting and accept/reject decisions only if (1) mutually exclusive
projects are being evaluated and (2) if the projects' NPV profiles cross at a rate less than the firm's cost of
capital.
D. The NPV and IRR methods can lead to conflicting accept/reject decisions only if (1) mutually exclusive
projects are being evaluated and (2) if the projects' NPV profiles cross at a rate greater than the firm's cost of
capital.
40. Which of the following statements is false?

A. The NPV will be positive if the IRR is less than the required rate of return.
B. If the multiple IRR problem does not exist, any independent project acceptable by the NPV method will also
be acceptable by the IRR method.
C. When IRR = r (the required rate of return), NPV = 0.
D. The IRR can be positive even if the NPV is negative.
E. The NPV method is not affected by the multiple IRR problem.

41. Assume that you are comparing two mutually exclusive projects. Which of the following statements is most
correct?
A. The NPV and IRR rules will always lead to the same decision unless one or both of the projects are "non-
conventional" in the sense of having only one change of sign in the cash flow stream, i.e., one or more initial
cash outflows (the investment) followed by a series of cash inflows.
B. If a conflict exists between the NPV and the IRR, the conflict can always be eliminated by dropping the IRR
and replacing it with the payback period.
C. There will be a meaningful (as opposed to irrelevant) conflict only if the projects' NPV profiles cross, and
even then, only if the required rate of return is to the left of (or lower than) the discount rate at which the
crossover occurs.
D. Statements a, b, and c are all true.
42. Two mutually exclusive projects each have a cost of $10,000. The total, undiscounted cash flows from
Project L are $15,000, while the undiscounted cash flows from Project S total $13,000. Their NPV profiles
cross at a discount rate of 10 percent. Which of the following statements best describes this situation?
A. The NPV and IRR methods will select the same project if the required rate of return is greater than 10
percent; for example, 18 percent.
B. The NPV and IRR methods will select the same project if the cost of capital is less than 10 percent; for
example, 8 percent.
C. To determine if a ranking conflict will occur between the two projects the required rate of return is needed as
well as an additional piece of information.
D. Project L should be selected at any required rate of return, because it has a higher IRR.
E. Project S should be selected at any required rate of return, because it has a higher IRR.
43. The internal rate of return of a capital investment

A. Changes when the required rate of return changes.
B. Is equal to the annual net cash flows divided by one half of the project's cost when the cash flows are an
annuity.
C. Must exceed the required rate of return in order for the firm to accept the investment.
D. Is similar to the yield to maturity bond.

A. In general, the NPVs of riskier cash flows should be found using relatively high discount rates. However, if a
cash flow is negative, it should be evaluated using a low discount rate.
B. If a project has only costs (no revenues) as would certain environmental projects, then the project is likely to
have two regular IRRs.
C. If the NPV and IRR methods give conflicting rankings for two mutually exclusive projects, the payback
period should be used to choose the project that should be purchased.
D. It is better to use the NPV method to evaluate independent projects, but for mutually exclusive projects,
especially if projects vary greatly in size, the IRR method is better.

45. Two firms evaluated the same capital budgeting project to determine whether to purchase it. The CFO of
Anchor Weights Corporation (AWC) reported that she determined that the project's internal rate of return equals
9 percent, and she recommended that the project be purchased. The CFO of Sectional Spas Incorporated (SSI)
simply reported that the project was unacceptable to his firm when he evaluated it using one of the capital
budgeting techniques that considers the time value of money. Given this information, which of the following
statements is correct?
A. The net present value of the project must be positive for both firms.
B. If the SSI's CFO computes the IRR for the project, he will find that it is less than 9 percent for his company.
C. AWC's CFO must have used the traditional payback period method to evaluate the project.
D. If the project is acceptable (unacceptable) to one firm, it must be acceptable (unacceptable) to both firms. As
a result, one of the CFOs made a mistake when evaluating the project.
E. SSI's must have a required rate of return that is greater than 9 percent.
46. When Richard evaluated a capital budgeting project¾a new machine needed to manufacture
inventory¾using his firm's required rate of return, he discovered that the project's net present value (NPV) is
negative. Based on this information, which of the following must be correct?
A. The project's internal rate of return is also negative.
B. The project's discounted payback period is greater than its economic life.
C. As long as the new machine's initial investment outlay is fairly low, the firm should purchase if it is used to
replace an older machine that is required to produce inventory.
D. The project's traditional payback period must be greater than the maximum payback period that the firm has
established.
E. Two or more of these scenarios must be correct.
47. Tara is evaluating two mutually exclusive capital budgeting projects that have the following characteristics:
Cash Flows
Year Project Q Project R
0 $(4,000) $(4,000)
1 0 3,500
2 5,000 1,100

IRR 11.8% 12.0%
If the firm's required rate of return (r) is 10 percent, which project should be purchased?
A. Both projects should be purchased, because the IRRs for both projects exceed the firm's required rate of
return.
B. Neither project should be accepted, because the IRRs for both projects exceed the firm's required rate of
return.
C. Project Q should be accepted, because its net present value (NPV) is higher than Project R's NPV.
D. Project R should be accepted, because its net present value (NPV) is higher than Project Q's NPV.
E. None of the above is a correct answer.

48. Union Atlantic Corporation, which has a required rate of return equal to 14 percent, is evaluating a capital
budgeting project that has the following characteristics:
Year Cash Flows

0 $(170,000)
1 60,750
2 60,750
3 60,750
4 60,750
Union Atlantic's capital budgeting manager has determined that the project's net present value is $7,008. According to this information, which of the
following statements is correct?
A. The project's internal rate of return (IRR) must be greater than 14 percent.
B. The project's discounted payback must be less that its economic life.
C. The project should be purchased by Union Atlantic.
D. All of these statements are correct.
E. None of these statements is correct.

49. The importance of capital budgeting decisions is due to all of the following factors except for:
A. the impact of a capital budgeting decision is long term; the firm looses some decision-making flexibility
when capital projects are purchased.
B. effective capital budgeting can improve the timing of asset acquisition and the quality of assets purchased.
C. the acquisition of fixed assets typically involves substantial expenditures, and before a firm spends a large
amount of money, it must have the funds available.
D. capital budgeting techniques overcome the problems with error in forecasts for asset requirements and
projected sales, we will still be able to determine if we should fund the project.
E. all of the above are factors that make capital budgeting important.
50. The advantage of the payback period over other capital budgeting techniques is that
A. it is the simplest and oldest formal model to evaluate capital budgeting model.
B. it directly accounts for the time value of money.
C. it ignores cash flows beyond the payback period.
D. it always leads to decisions that maximize the value of the firm.
E. it incorporates risk into the discount rate used to solve the payback period.
51. If the NPV form a project is positive it must be that

A. the discounted payback period is longer than the useful life of the project.
B. the internal rate of return is lower than the discount used.
C. the project is not acceptable on a risk adjusted basis.
D. this project is preferred to any other mutually exclusive project.
E. accepting the project increases the value of the firm.

52. Discounted payback's primary advantage over traditional payback is that
A. discounted payback considers cash flows that occur after the discounted payback period.
B. discounted payback is always shorter than traditional payback making more projects acceptable.
C. discounted payback does consider the time value of money.
D. discounted payback will let you accept projects whose discounted payback period is longer than the useful of
the project.
E. all of the above are true.
53. Which of the following statements concerning the internal rate of return is false?
A. The internal rate of return for a capital budgeting project is the same for all firms regardless of their cost of
capital.
B. A project is acceptable long as the project's internal rate of return is greater than the hurdle rate for the
project.
C. The internal rate of return is dependent on the timing of the cash flows.
D. A project with a positive internal rate of return will always increase the value of the firm if the project is
accepted.
E. You do not need to know the required rate of return to solve for the internal rate of return.
54. Net present value is preferred to internal rate of return for capital budgeting decisions because
A. the internal rate of return does not allow you to determine if the project is acceptable.
B. the net present value is the only method that allows you to determine which independent project is
acceptable.
C. the net present value allows you to compare mutually exclusive projects.
D. the internal rate of return for a project is different for each firm.
E. NPV contains information about a projects "safety margin" which is not inherent in IRR.
55. All of the following factors can complicate the post-audit process except
A. each element of the cash flow forecast is subject to uncertainty.
B. projects sometimes fail to meet expectations for reasons beyond the control of operating executives.
C. it is often difficult to separate the operating results of one investment from those of a larger system.
D. executives who were responsible for a given decision might have moved on by the time the time the results
of the long term project are known.
E. the most successful firms, on average, are the ones that put the least emphasis on the post-audit.
56. Benefits of the post-audit include all of the following except

A. when decision makers are forced to compare their projections to actual outcomes, there is a tendency to
improve.
B. conscious or unconscious biases are removed.
C. negative NPV projects are identified before they begin.
D. forecasts are improved.
E. all of the above are benefits of the post-audit.

57. Your assistant has just completed an analysis of two mutually exclusive projects. You must now take her
report to a board of directors meeting and present the alternatives for the board's consideration. To help you with
your presentation, your assistant also constructed a graph with NPV profiles for the two projects. However, she
forgot to label the profiles, so you do not know which line applies to which project. Of the following statements
regarding the profiles, which one is most reasonable?
A. If the two projects have the same investment cost, and if their NPV profiles cross once in the upper right
quadrant, at a discount rate of 40 percent, this suggests that a NPV versus IRR conflict is not likely to exist.
B. If the two projects' NPV profiles cross once, in the upper left quadrant, at a discount rate of minus 10 percent,
then there will probably not be a NPV versus IRR conflict, irrespective of the relative sizes of the two projects,
in any meaningful, practical sense (that is, a conflict which will affect the actual investment decision).
C. If one of the projects has a NPV profile which crosses the X-axis twice, hence the project appears to have
two IRRs, your assistant must have made a mistake.
D. Whenever a conflict between NPV and IRR exist, then, if the two projects have the same initial cost, the one
with the steeper NPV profile probably has less rapid cash flows. However, if they have identical cash flow
patterns, then the one with the steeper profile probably has the lower initial cost.
E. If the two projects both have a single outlay at t = 0, followed by a series of positive cash inflows, and if their
NPV profiles cross in the lower left quadrant, then one of the projects should be accepted, and both would be
accepted if they were not mutually exclusive.
58. A college intern working at Anderson Paints evaluated potential investments¾that is, capital budgeting
projects¾using the firm's average required rate of return (WACC), and he produced the following report for the
capital budgeting manager:
Project NPV IRR Risk

LOM $1,500 12.5% High
QUE 0 11.0 Low
YUP 800 9.5 Average
DOG (450) 10.0 Low
The capital budgeting manager usually considers the risks associated with capital budgeting projects before making her final decision. If a project has
a risk that is different from average, she adjusts the average required rate of return by adding or subtracting 2 percentage points. If the four projected
listed above are independent, which one(s) should the capital budgeting manager recommend be purchased?
A. Project LOM only, because it has both the highest NPV and the higher IRR.
B. Projects LOM, QUE, and YUP, because they all have positive NPVs and their IRRs.
C. Projects DOG and QUE, because their IRRs are greater than their risk-adjusted discount he projects returns
are higher than the rates of return that capital budgeting manager uses to evaluate them.
D. Projects QUE, YUP, and DOG, because their IRRs are greater than their risk-adjusted discount rates¾that is,
the projects returns are higher than the rates of return that capital budgeting manager uses to evaluate them.
E. There is not enough information to answer this question, because the firm's average required rate of return
cannot be determined.

59. The Seattle Corporation has been presented with an investment opportunity which will yield cash flows of
$30,000 per year in Years 1 through 4, $35,000 per year in Years 5 through 9, and $40,000 in Year 10. This
investment will cost the firm $150,000 today, and the firm's required rate of return is 10 percent. Assume cash
flows occur evenly during the year, 1/365th each day. What is the payback period for this investment?
A. 5.23 years
B. 4.86 years
C. 4.00 years
D. 6.12 years
E. 4.35 years
60. You have recently accepted a one-year employment term by a firm. The firm has given you the option of
receiving your salary as a lump sum value of $30,000 at the end of the year or as 12 monthly payments of
$2,400 starting one month after you start work. If your relevant discount rate is 2 percent per month, then which
salary options would you prefer? (Ignore taxes, risk, and consumption needs.) Choose the best answer.
A. The lump sum payment, since it has the larger future value.
B. Monthly payments, since you do not have to wait so long to receive your money.
C. Either one, since they have the same present value.
D. The lump sum payment, since it has the larger present value.
E. Monthly payments, since it has the larger present value.
61. Two projects being considered are mutually exclusive and have the following cash flows:

0 -$50,000 -$50,000
1 15,625 0
2 15,625 0
3 15,625 0
4 15,625 0
5 15,625 99,500
If the required rate of return on these projects is 10 percent, which would be chosen and why?
A. Project B because of higher NPV.
B. Project B because of higher IRR.
C. Project A because of higher NPV.
D. Project A because of higher IRR.
E. Neither, because both have IRRs less than the cost of capital.

62. The capital budgeting director of Sparrow Corporation is evaluating a project which costs $200,000, is
expected to last for 10 years and produce after-tax cash flows, including depreciation, of $44,503 per year. If the
firm's required rate of return is 14 percent and its tax rate is 40 percent, what is the project's IRR?
A. 8%
B. 14%
C. 18%
D. -5%
E. 12%
63. An insurance firm agrees to pay you $3,310 at the end of 20 years if you pay premiums of $100 per year at
the end of each year of the 20 years. Find the internal rate of return to the nearest whole percentage point.
A. 9%
B. 7%
C. 5%
D. 3%
E. 11%
64. Michigan Mattress Company is considering the purchase of land and the construction of a new plant. The
land, which would be bought immediately (at t = 0), has a cost of $100,000 and the building, which would be
erected at the end of the first year (t = 1), would cost $500,000. It is estimated that the firm's after-tax cash flow
will be increased by $100,000 starting at the end of the second year, and that this incremental flow would
increase at a 10 percent rate annually over the next 10 years. What is the approximate payback period?
A. 2 years
B. 4 years
C. 6 years
D. 8 years
E. 10 years
65. The Seattle Corporation has been presented with an investment opportunity which will yield end of year
cash flows of $30,000 per year in Years 1 through 4, $35,000 per year in Years 5 through 9, and $40,000 in Year
10. This investment will cost the firm $150,000 today, and the firm's required rate of return is 10 percent. What
is the NPV for this investment?
A. $135,984
B. $18,023
C. $219,045
D. $51,138
E. $92,146

66. You are considering the purchase of an investment that would pay you $5,000 per year for Years 1-5, $3,000
per year for Years 6-8, and $2,000 per year for Years 9 and 10. If you require a 14 percent rate of return, and the
cash flows occur at the end of each year, then how much should you be willing to pay for this investment?
A. $15,819.27
B. $21,937.26
C. $32,415.85
D. $38,000.00
E. $52,815.71
67. Two projects being considered by a firm are mutually exclusive and have the following projected cash
flows:

0 ($100,00) ($100,000)
1 39,500 0
2 39,500 0
3 39,500 133,000
Based only on the information given, which of the two projects would be preferred, and why?
A. Project A, because it has a shorter payback period.
B. Project B, because it has a higher IRR.
C. Indifferent, because the projects have equal IRRs.
D. Include both in the capital budget, since the sum of the cash inflows exceeds the initial investment in both
cases.
E. Choose neither, since their NPVs are negative.

68. Two fellow financial analysts are evaluating a project with the following net cash flows:
Year Cash Flow

0 $-10,000
1 100,000
2 -100,000
One analyst says that the project has an IRR of between 12 and 13%. The other analyst calculates an IRR of just under 800%, but fears his
calculator's battery is low and may have caused an error. You agree to settle the dispute by analyzing the project cash flows. Which statement best
describes the IRR for this project?
A. There is a single IRR of approximately 12.7 percent.
B. This project has no IRR, because the NPV profile does not cross the X axis.
C. There are multiple IRRs of approximately 12.7 percent and 787 percent.
D. This project has two imaginary IRRs.
E. There are an infinite number of IRRs between 12.5 percent and 790 percent that can define the IRR for this
project.

69. Two projects being considered are mutually exclusive and have the following projected cash flows:

0 -$50,000 -$ 50,000
1 15,990 0
2 15,990 0
3 15,990 0
4 15,990 0
5 15,990 100,560
At what rate (approximately) do the NPV profiles of Projects A and B cross?

A. 6.5%
B. 11.5%
C. 16.5%
D. 20.0%
E. The NPV profiles of these two projects do not cross.

70. In comparing two mutually exclusive projects of equal size and equal life, which of the following statements
is most correct?
A. The project with the higher NPV may not always be the project with the higher IRR.
B. The project with the higher NPV may not always be the project with the higher MIRR.
C. The project with the higher IRR may not always be the project with the higher MIRR.
D. All of the above answers are correct.
E. Answers a and c are both correct.

A. One can find the "cross-over rate," or the discount rate at which two normal projects have the same NPV, by
finding the IRR of the differences in the projects' yearly cash flows.
B. If you calculate a project's MIRR and find it to be the same as the regular IRR, you can be sure you made a
mistake.
C. If a project's IRR is less than its required rate of return, then the discounted payback period will be less than
the regular payback period.
D. If a project has a cash outflow at t = 0 followed by a single cash inflow at t = 10, then the MIRR will be less
than the regular IRR.
E. If a project has a cash outflow at t = 0 followed by a single cash inflow at t = 10, then the MIRR will be
greater than the regular IRR.
72. Which of the following is most correct? The modified IRR (MIRR) method:
A. Always leads to the same ranking decision as NPV for independent projects.
B. Overcomes the problem of multiple rates of return.
C. Compounds cash flows at the required rate of return.
D. Overcomes the problem of cash flow timing and the problem of project size that leads to criticism of the
regular IRR method.

73. The modified IRR (MIRR) is normally
A. Less than the regular IRR if IRR > r.
B. Greater than the regular IRR if IRR > r.
C. Equal to the regular IRR if IRR = r.
D. Answers a and c are both correct.

A. When dealing with independent projects, discounted payback (using a payback requirement of 3 or less
years), NPV, IRR, and modified IRR always lead to the same accept/reject decisions for a given project.
B. When dealing with mutually exclusive projects, the NPV and modified IRR methods always rank projects
the same, but those rankings can conflict with rankings produced by the discounted payback and the regular
IRR methods.
C. Multiple rates of return are possible with the regular IRR method but not with the modified IRR method, and
this fact is one reason given by the textbook for favoring MIRR (or modified IRR) over IRR.
D. Statements a, b and c are all false.

A. There can never be a conflict between NPV and IRR decisions if the decision is related to a normal,
independent project, i.e., NPV will never indicate acceptance if IRR indicates rejection.
B. To find the MIRR, we first compound CFs at the regular IRR to find the TV, and then we discount the TV at
the required rate of return to find the PV.
C. The NPV and IRR methods both assume that cash flows are reinvested at the required rate of return.
However, the MIRR method assumes reinvestment at the MIRR itself.
D. If you are choosing between two projects which have the same cost, and if their NPV profiles cross, then the
project with the higher IRR probably has more of its cash flows coming in the later years.
E. A change in the required rate of return would normally change both a project's NPV and its IRR.

A. The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) of a project increases as the discount rate increases.
B. The internal rate of return (IRR) of a project increases as the required rate of return increases.
C. Both IRR and MIRR can produce the multiple rates of return.
D. When comparing two projects, the project with the higher IRR will also have the higher MIRR.
E. Both a and c are correct.

77. Alyeska Salmon Inc., a large salmon canning firm operating out of Valdez, Alaska, has a new automated
production line project it is considering. The project has a cost of $275,000 and is expected to provide after-tax
annual cash flows of $73,306 for eight years. The firm's management is uncomfortable with the IRR
reinvestment assumption and prefers the modified IRR approach. You have calculated a required rate of return
for the firm of 12 percent. What is the project's MIRR?
A. 15.0%
B. 14.0%
C. 12.0%
D. 16.0%
E. 17.0%
78. Below are the returns of Nulook Cosmetics and the "market" over a three-year period:
Year Nulook Market

1 8% 6%
2 9% 9%
3 32% 22%
Nulook finances internally using only retained earnings, and it uses the Capital Asset Pricing Model with a historical beta to determine its required
rate of return. Currently, the risk-free rate is 7 percent, and the estimated market risk premium is 6 percent. Nulook is evaluating a project which has a
cost today of $2,028 and will provide estimated cash inflows of $1,000 at the end of the next 3 years. What is this project's MIRR?
A. 12.4%
B. 16.0%
C. 17.5%
D. 20.0%
E. 22.9%

79. Project A has a cost of $1,000, and it will produce end-of-year net cash inflows of $500 per year for 3 years.
The project's required rate of return is 10 percent. What is the difference between the project's IRR and its
MIRR?
A. 3.88%
B. 4.31%
C. 5.09%
D. 5.75%
E. 6.21%
80. Project X has a cost of $30,000 at t = 0, and it is expected to produce a uniform cash flow stream for 7
years, i.e., the CF's are the same in Years 1 through 7, and it has a regular IRR of 14 percent. The required rate
of return for the project is 12 percent. What is the project's modified IRR (MIRR)?
A. 11.87%
B. 12.42%
C. 13.00%
D. 13.36%
E. 13.59%

81. Los Angeles Lumber Company (LALC) is considering a project with a cost of $1,000 at t = 0 and inflows of
$300 at the end of Years 1-5. LALC's cost of capital is 10 percent. What is the project's modified IRR (MIRR)?
A. 10.0%
B. 12.9%
C. 15.2%
D. 18.3%
E. 20.7%
82. Capitol City Transfer Company is considering building a new terminal in Salt Lake City. If the company
goes ahead with the project, it must spend $1 million immediately (at t = 0) and another $1 million at the end of
Year 1 (t = 1). It will then receive net cash flows of $0.5 million at the end of Years 2-5, and it expects to sell the
property and net $1 million at the end of Year 6. All cash inflows and outflows are after taxes. The company's
required rate of return is 12 percent, and it uses the modified IRR criterion for capital budgeting decisions. What
is the project's modified IRR (MIRR)?
A. 11.9%
B. 12.0%
C. 11.4%
D. 11.5%
E. 11.7%
83. Houston Inc. is considering a project which involves building a new refrigerated warehouse which will cost
$7,000,000 at t = 0 and which is expected to have operating cash flows of $500,000 at the end of each of the
next 20 years. However, repairs which will cost $1,000,000 must be incurred at the end of the 10th year. Thus,
at the end of Year 10 there will be a $500,000 operating cash inflow and an outflow of $1,000,000 for repairs. If
Houston's required rate of return is 12 percent, what is the project's MIRR? (Hint: Think carefully about the
MIRR equation and the treatment of cash outflows.)
A. 7.75%
B. 8.29%
C. 9.81%
D. 11.45%
E. 12.33%
84. Your company is considering two mutually exclusive projects, X and Y, whose costs and cash flows are
shown below:
Year X Y
0 -$2,000 -$2,000
1 200 2,000
2 600 200
3 800 100
4 1,400 75
The projects are equally risky, and the firm's required rate of return is 12 percent. You must make a recommendation, and you must base it on the
modified IRR. What is the MIRR of the better project?
A. 12.00%
B. 11.46%
C. 13.59%
D. 12.89%
E. 15.73%

85. International Transport Company is considering building a new facility in Seattle. If the company goes
ahead with the project, it will spend $2 million immediately (at t = 0) and another $2 million at the end of Year
1(t = 1). It will then receive net cash flows of $1 million at the end of Years 2-5, and it expects to sell the
property for $2 million at the end of Year 6. The company's required rate of return is 12 percent, and it uses the
modified IRR criterion for capital budgeting decisions. Which of the following statements is most correct?
A. The project should be rejected because the modified IRR is less than the regular IRR.
B. The project should be accepted because the modified IRR is greater than the required rate of return.
C. The regular IRR is less than the required rate of return. Under this condition, the modified IRR will also be
less than the regular IRR.
D. If the regular IRR is less than the required rate of return, then the modified IRR will be greater than the
regular IRR.
E. Given the data in the problem, the NPV is negative. This demonstrates that the modified IRR criterion is not
always a valid decision method for projects such as this one.
86. Mooradian Corporation estimates that its required rate of return is 11 percent. The company is considering
two mutually exclusive projects whose after-tax cash flows are as follows:
Year Project S Project L

0 -$3,000 -$9,000
1 2,500 -1,000
2 1,500 5,000
3 1,500 5,000
4 -500 5,000
What is the modified internal rate of return (MIRR) of the project with the highest NPV?
A. 11.89%
B. 13.66%
C. 16.01%
D. 18.25%
E. 20.12%

87. O'Donnell Inc. has a required rate of return of 11.5 percent. The company has a project with the following
cash flows:
Year Cash flow

0 -$200
1 235
2 -65
3 300
What is the project's modified internal rate of return (MIRR)?

A. 28.15%
B. 32.90%
C. 36.27%
D. 39.87%
E. 40.15%


An investment project has an initial cost, and then generates inflows of $50 a year for the next five years. The
project has a payback period of 3.6 years. What is the project's internal rate of return?
A. 11.18%
B. 12.05%
C. 13.47%
D. 14.66%
E. 15.89%

Your company is choosing between following non-repeatable, equally risky, mutually exclusive projects with
the cash flows shown below. Your required rate of return is 10 percent. How much value will your firm sacrifice
if it selects the project with the higher IRR?
Project L Project S
Time CF CF
0 -2,000 -1,000
1 668.76 500
2 668.76 500
3 668.76 500
4 668.76
5 668.76

A. $243.43
B. $291.70
C. $332.50
D. $481.15
E. $535.13

Given the following net cash flows, determine the IRR of the project:
Net cash
Time flow
0 $1,520
1 -1,000
2 -1,500
3 500

A. 36%
B. 32%
C. 28%
D. 24%
E. 20%

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0030000000000
The company's required rate of return is 12 percent. What is the IRR of the better project? (Hint: Note that the
better project may or may not be the one with the higher IRR.)
A. 13.09%
B. 12.00%
C. 17.46%
D. 13.88%
E. 12.53%

Woodson Inc. has two possible projects, Project A and Project B, with the following cash flows:

0 -150,000 -100,000
1 100,000 45,000
2 105,000 65,000
3 40,000 80,000
At what required rate of return do the two projects have the same net present value (NPV)? (In other words, what is the "crossover rate" of the
projects' NPV profiles?)
A. 10.3%
B. 13.5%
C. 15.8%
D. 21.7%
E. 34.8%


As the capital budgeting director for Chapel Hill Coffins Company, you are evaluating construction of a new
plant. The plant has a net cost of $5 million in Year 0 (today), and it will provide net cash inflows of $1 million
at the end of Year 1, $1.5 million at the end of Year 2, and $2 million at the end of Years 3 through 5. Within
what range is the plant's IRR?
A. 14-15%
B. 15-16%
C. 16-17%
D. 17-18%
E. 18-19%

After getting her degree in marketing and working for 5 years for a large department store, Sally started her
own specialty shop in a regional mall. Sally's current lease calls for payments of $1,000 at the end of each
month for the next 60 months. Now the landlord offers Sally a new 5-year lease which calls for zero rent for 6
months, then rental payments of $1,050 at the end of each month for the next 54 months. Sally's required rate of
return is 11 percent. By what absolute dollar amount would accepting the new lease change Sally's theoretical
net worth? (Hint: The required rate of return per month is 11%/12 = 0.9166667%.)
A. $2,810.09
B. $3,243.24
C. $3,803.06
D. $4,299.87
E. $4,681.76

Chapter 9 Capital Budgetin

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Chapter 9 Capital Budgetin

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Chapter 9--Capital Budgeting Techniques

31. A major disadvantage of the payback period method is it

Which of the following statements is correct?

34. Which of the following statements is correct?

38. Which of the following statements is correct?

39. Which of the following statements is correct?

40. Which of the following statements is false?

43. The internal rate of return of a capital investment

44. Which of the following statements is correct?

Year Cash Flows

51. If the NPV form a project is positive it must be that

56. Benefits of the post-audit include all of the following except

Project NPV IRR Risk

Year Project A Project B

Year Project A Project B

Year Cash Flow

Year Project A Project B

At what rate (approximately) do the NPV profiles of Projects A and B cross?

71. Which of the following statements is correct?

74. Which of the following statements is correct?

75. Which of the following statements is correct?

76. Which of the following statements is correct?

Year Nulook Market

Year Project S Project L

Year Cash flow

What is the project's modified internal rate of return (MIRR)?

88. Financial Calculator Section

89. Financial Calculator Section

92. Financial Calculator Section

Year Project A Project B

93. Financial Calculator Section

94. Financial Calculator Section

31. A major disadvantage of the payback period method is it

Which of the following statements is correct?

34. Which of the following statements is correct?

38. Which of the following statements is correct?

39. Which of the following statements is correct?

40. Which of the following statements is false?

43. The internal rate of return of a capital investment

44. Which of the following statements is correct?

Year Cash Flows

51. If the NPV form a project is positive it must be that

56. Benefits of the post-audit include all of the following except

Project NPV IRR Risk

Year Project A Project B

Year Project A Project B

Year Cash Flow

Year Project A Project B

At what rate (approximately) do the NPV profiles of Projects A and B cross?

71. Which of the following statements is correct?

74. Which of the following statements is correct?

75. Which of the following statements is correct?

76. Which of the following statements is correct?

Year Nulook Market

Year Project S Project L

Year Cash flow

What is the project's modified internal rate of return (MIRR)?

88. Financial Calculator Section

89. Financial Calculator Section

92. Financial Calculator Section

Year Project A Project B

93. Financial Calculator Section