Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Grade 10 (Part 1) PDF
Grade 10 (Part 1) PDF
i>O
PROEUS DARA
~
\ lI
\
\.
\--I ::...
ttnHl'ijti
l n u·
nru t 1::11 ru
tngtyl~iffi8Q\!~tltiinuJIW
""" 0. '"
1
PROEUS DARA
Ji
"'
nut\1. 9 ihli
u
r~. 61 . "
mnn s bHi
u
HUln 018 .tlfH'Ulti
Mt3i:G~Hrtn~):; MU~ m g
"' 0 0
U GV l
~nJH'~~ ©
., """ ...
tngfi!Uii618iJ\f:5ibi6nijpW
ISBN 9-789-995-000-714
PROEUS DARA
31i:HLfilB
- ~'fHils
iJ S'\:3u m; ms'lHlll RH '0 'lnu rul tlGnn5
(.3- e-.1.
17'-
rlll n5
!
t:) 0 0 ~ 0
1. 61~~9Jl ........................................................................................................ 2
0 0
2. Mn.fl ........................................................................... 18
0
3. 888 .......................................................................................................... 36
w
~ a ~ e::tJ>
· ~~~;~eo~~m; .......................................................................................... 91
~ ~ ~ ~
1. t\J'ijflliw ~1n9 2'!::f181jtiJHITTln ............................................................. 92
li w ~
t) t::» ~ 0 I I
""
~;~~i~~~~~
'
..................................................................................... 155
" 0
1. nHStf:ht8t:SGOIIG
u 1
............................................................................ 156
~ '
2. t\J'ijfllit58ln
.;
........................................................................................ 168
3. M-Hmssbi:l
,()
............................................................................................ 180
0 ';I ~
4. tlnt.rmLMti5<M'ijfllH1l'ijLflltJ ....................................................... 188
cf"' cf
;.;~~~~~~iffi~~-5~~~~ ........................................... 193
~ ~ :
cr ~!:::::! '=' cr
1. H8?i'ij8 8h~AI'i5t8HS?i'ij8 ............................................................... 194
1 W I
"'~ ""
2. »~?i'ij8 w q_~9 2 ""J.. '<h
2'WLAitJmM., .......................................................... 204
c< t::lo ct ~
3. H8?i'ij2t\J8918
1
H8?i'ij8HMS918
l
................................................... 220
PROEUS DARA
IN
71
!2
0 0 0 c:::-
/R MruluSSCln
l w
0 0~
C[ uSSnuu
w l<V
A= {a, b, c}
A
0 0
0 MrulfH9
l
n(A)
u AuB
n AnB
E aE A
c AcB
1\
v pvq
¢:;> mn15M13'i3ru
u
c;
n. (P)
[a, b]
(a, b)
(a, b]
[a, b)
24
10
= 2. 4 msm 2 uti 4
I
PROEUS DARA
P(n r)
oo ~
n! n! :::: 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X ... X II
't:H3J13 i = -------------'
t13ttJlS
Mo
f(x)
11!
" 0
A(a, b) nHHt:fHSI:StHlJlG
U I
A
sin
cos
tan
AB H~~ AB ~ 1_,15tH1 AB
D 'i52l~ D
~
LA
___,
AB
IAil Lli t~ b ~ s1 G 92
+
u(a, b) nHHt:fHS~S~Gg~
U I
t
7 ~
U·V
PI/ Q 11riLh5 15 ~
Pj_Q tiiHntim
6\J c;
PnQ
PROEUS DARA
ti:TintldrJntSll
j u
tf:lmtitfi't:lwnniH'h5m~'t:lru!:hsts61n19n
n ;_;-· !::J n u ~ n tl'
~ru-11 stlH'UDmtk"
ML'tfl ti)'ij b]l RR M 6119Jl ffi't:l C'U'U 61 ~19JlCtl rum't:l &GJlOl ti5 8f15:;n S\3 tiJQtl ff\H1fi~
l
ruli M s
~61 sb fllH t!U1GNltiJU tn.m 9'iHTT1 ffi't:l C'U'U?l M6119fltl' '1
tn
'ij S'ltl~ 9 9 bliOlS'U m ~'t:l ru til s ts
"' lJ !::JG1U ~
J mli n
stl mJti trutlL'U ~ t mru tJti tvl ltlL'U ~ ~ tmru~ ~ sbLmM't:l n1 QJ ttl ru'tfls NI1: ~:;n 2
ML'tfllinUMRJ1C~nm9J131!1Su '1
u
PROEUS DARA
t9161~2
'J f:tl2Ql2 ( t 1:1 ru fr:H\.Htr@ 2 ~b) 'i
ffiG hlS«ct
0 0
~GctU.HlJl8~-HlmbmbtLfiltH2g :
~ c:::!t.C.'::t, ~ 0 I 00 t1 (!) 1
&t5smn5wnt9 'i
2
PROEUS DARA
~s [LEJ hl t1 hl~ ru1 g ~ runb rt:i rum n5~: ru1 Qbd ~:run-e~ M g~ runb mbtLm-e
I
n. runtisw
ct
c 1\ )
0
@)a~ooe
~
J 0
hl t rul
t:::'J.I
0 ~ f '~·' 0 IQ,.l t 0 ~
* hl t rul hlifl'
C!i
i5 '' S',''b', " M' 't' rul
""'
hlifl'i5 'li M t M',•'c:t '-!), '' '
hliflli'ihl
"'
MtM'i5~
. .
thlw n5tru1 run2
.. . 9.
Ms
3
PROEUS DARA
mntlmnnn p q pAq
1 1
1 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0
t R'i:fl s hl t rul w I " u I rob w I b .. 6
n a : r : 24 ......,M<nl';nnfo
""'""
I l
s: 24 dltii'lSR~R
w u
'1
0 t 0 Ql Q
G
u
H1 rul fl hl t rul r 1\ s Sb fl. ( r 1\ s) '1
•
3. runuu (v
c:t ...1.
)
l 0 C» 0 Ql <::» Ql t 0 c::v 0
tRffl'lihltM
(.)-
p dl-eruMtM
w
q 2ltltrntl:llliHmrunuu
l_jot"\.!l..
tSlHRtnSM!:M" J'Hblm
ct'-'
mntlmnnfl p q pvq
1 1 r
1 0
0 1 1
0 0 0
...
2fl7117Ull7
4
£
M
h rnR~:JlJljHYUJ!;!
0 lf:;;l
d~s
(>(I::;:J ~
f!
-
n u 1
lJljHtJ gsw~ PJLf!LJ1jl.lSI..f!.LJ1jHJPJB:Jsrn~H LPrnssl.f!. PJI..f!.LJ1jl.ll.lPJel.J1jl.lSI..f!.sRgs1
0 . t;:;,
tr::l
h·.. . ~ " (:) ..::. tr::l ..::.
lJljHJPJB:JS.rnpg :
iJ
f!- SlJJ!;!l h PJI..f!.LJ1jl.ll.lPJ~LJ1jl.lSI..f!.gs:JLJ1jHJPJBlS.ITlPE
..::. 1":1 p ..::.
f! Sltl!;!l
h PJI..f!.lJljl.lSLf!.gs:JlJljHJPJB:JS.rnp~ : d LJ1j:JPJSI..f!.!;!l
~ p lt::l 0
Z .PlJ1Jf/Jl,LB~
h I = ([2) ·~ 0 = (€) -~ o = CO ·~ ~Ll LlUJ~:m
"' "
s<s+z+T)>"s+"z+"T f2
/t:+z+I)<zS+zZ+;;T €
M 1\9
LOOZ S:J!JD:l~UJSR:JSR
~ (;) ~ ~
£ :-! SLlJ!;!j JrJRJEJ
""'
~ ~ ~
h ill H{U: LJ1j
~ fO.
:JWPJ
0
P.,g S RP..l.l1U LJ1j
I tb
:!Rl
0
S:JC, ~ Ll Lll.k!'R:J ~ ~S S RP..l.l1U
~I 1::J1
LJ1j :1 Rl
0
~ LJ1j !J
I~ 0 C,. ~ ~
h /£+Z+I)<,£+,z+sT b
M
/ t + Z + I) > zt + zZ + zT : s LOOZ SJ!JD:l~lj:l £ : .t LJ1j:JPJSI..f!.!;!:J l IJlJ l LJ1, Li3 ~
e.. ('> ~ 0
'"
~ Ll Ll UJ ~Ln.~
..,
h L.Yw ~~ Ll LlUJ~msl.f!.
c.. ~
ff LJ1j
tb
:~w
0
~s d LJ1j
lt::t
:~ w
0 1;:;:;1
h ( d S~LPSLH) f! ~RlBPJ¥LJ1j~!;!:J h d S~ (BRll ~P..!l1Jj~)
"' . . .r Qu n fL ~
S~f1U1U!l1J:l~LP[lf!.:J!;!lill~~ "UB~~l[U!;!S gj~~ruD S~ ~Rl~lj:liJu::J, lj:lgS:J d !l1J:l~Si
BWl~P..!;!Lmm1gru:nwnLH1!l h ua~~![U!;!S[p~~ru&fw~UJl}u::J :d !l1Jl~Sl.f!.!;!:J
p
( ) 3E!llfru ·y
.....
~-, (hAd) -~ ~s hAd LJ1j:JPJ~LJ1j!Jgu ~-. ~ ~SDu::J!JD:J L£
t;::J tl;:) 0 1 Q a:::;t I (;)
:b
M
R~WSSDlj:l LS
0
:d
RLY1:J~U:£J.~g~!l1J:l~Sl.f!.!;!j ~~~~k
""' ""'
G ~&{psJ G w!Jp
PROEUS DARA
9
T I I I 0 0 o o Io
0 0 I 0 I I ~ 0 0 T 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 I 0 0
0 0 0 0 T T I T
bvd b d bl\ d. bl\d b d bvdlb!d
I -
~ ~ [j w t;Ln~
kH.W~m~1~
•
' .. < ' ,':'•• :;",>; . • ~·· ·.
(U~~5JOW5'.(J), ~!:Jl~.ll!.l[U~f\l
· . . ·. ·...· .....··.•. /> . ••..•.•. .)· 1'1
Sl!J~jg(E3
b t;~~f~~l~S.lE~lJ,tS.3B,lP
1, ~ 1\-!. t;S1;;:11 ~ v-!. ' ~ ' -!. lJUlN~lJUh!
0 • 0 ~
M n
:J r.t I ""
I, ru P·HSL!J~LY ~ lJU l}:;! g SH BWh! Sl~ lJU HlS HUt Rh! s
to 0 ~ 0 4. q::. 1.;::J ~~
"" I ~ I
t;Le [jU:fSLH Slflg S l g6 iU h! .I
0 "' 0
: WlJUH!JSlE~l ~g~g,
"""" 0
l
"' "'
U I "" I 'l
I, ru [jU:flJU ~ SLBS R&'l. Rll.rn U!S U1.Rh!1rn l,t:Jl~ru fJ.Sl!JSflg Sl ~rn ~LH T],I\Q
1;;1 ~ ~ - 1;;1 tp 1.;::J
I
U I I 'l
I, ru [jU:flJU ~ SLBSRt{S Rllffi B!S U1.Rh!1rn L,t:l:l ~ru fJ.Sl!JSflg Sl ~rn ~LH qvg
1;;1 1;;1 ~ ~ - '==' p 1.;::J
U I
1, ill[jU:flJU~Sl.R S~ gs:J~~HLH q
I
I, BlRllrn ms mRY1rn
~ "=' """"
l.,t:ll~ru fJ.Sl!JSR g Sl~rn ~LH
1:::1 ~ q::,
Q
,..
~ RLY1lt;Le£l.~lJU:JWSL!J~l .rfJEJEJ
10
"" 0
1, q_ 1\4 qs 12 v 4 • 12 • 4 lJUlW~lJUh!
I;;J to 0 • 0
H I b
I, rutHJJU1.H~Slf!.gSl~rn~LH .
I ""'
I, Rllrn ~ H S mRh!1rn L,t:Jl ~ ru fJ g S:! ~ rn ~ lH
~ >;;::::, - 1;;1 q:::t
d lJUlWWSLB~l
toolf::1
tl!ll.CI.JlUJB
J3
l
P I M "" I
1, ~f!J&'J.grnfJRL.SlJU~rnu:nrusp&'l. RL.SlJU~q~
P l !10 'l M !10 f1
[j~Lffi lli eR~f-S:J S~f1tsruf!lt1 S~1l~l rnR!JUl~ Sl S~f1tsru !JUl~ gPJj gw~R~l ~~~
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
~mHgML'l:flli5tH1JlRI=lMn~9J1 '1 tl=l'l:flS , , ,·· ,": o'· , ~· ... · , . " t:::J."· ,, .. ··.·
"' t truLnn
,,
ru ru1.fi1.~tf::h
, ,r
rutty. hlL'l:flru
~ mJmgML'l:flli515b1Jl R~dJb '1 ~m tl?s ' ,',I ··< ,' ,,,:-:\~ '·t
15 nn nt tn rum ru'
(.9-. & .
15 ts bR sb d!Jn li5n~ti&i'i9 hl~'l:flli515 ml R ·. . . . . .. o· ·--··. \'·:. " .. . ·/ e:;"
l " l_j l_j (5-
"'· t th gL nn ru rutm fi &th ru 'IY niL'l:flm
Gt flJTHjl ti:1 hli'l:flS ru ~Fl.Jl =r~ @b ~D5Lmfli
mnnnumbm-enh5nn
"-"
"-" <if. '1
' •, ' <,0' •1,' •' .C» , ',
9
PROEUS DARA
ummmn5tru1
~~
q=::} p n61dlfliH'itUG
~
r:~mgffi&f:lrunn5r:WI
G q=::} p 1:3nuinm
~~
tl'i:llsmr1
irlruU'Hl5dlbmmi;TlQJnJ&M p=::}q or:m8naMl;:ll15G~s '1
IJ
'tlls2rumr:f:lmsummm Ln ..,_,
q=::} p ~61 '1 !:lmsgr:f:lQIS
u
p=::}q mn5r:Win61 '1
mb p : ,/ dlossf:lfif1
w u
p=::}q '1
0 .:::::.,t d; ~ 0 I 2~0 I
tf:lQISnHrul q=::}jj f:1 "ttl n dlG~Sf:161ttUtUt2'H n w1G~Sf1nttUtU" '1
tf:lQIS
2
n = (2k + 1 r = 4k" + 4k + 1 =
? ? ?
2Cl:.!5:--t35J + 1
10
ry
n (
"' n
h UH{~tR~H1\J~Ssp
lP q t{ S v ru }:l :J qv_
1;;::1 (:}
= 7J"
::.1 H\J HPJ DLH~l n;:n !:i! ll \::;1
q U1J
~0
5PJ t..plfH1 ~ fJ fW.f!,fJ.
[ (C;s> 0
.,
h "SlBSWSSDLP~
~ q::;, 0
0,: q (;:;;/U1JlWSlt1~5 0
fJS/.JJl,t1.,
Z tt:.P !;
n
h "SlBSPJHSSDLP~
f.:::~' 0 tp
ztv,:
':::1 d !£Ul~!;{~ l ~S/.JJl,fJ"
(19
WRJ£J
""
n "'- ll1
h SlB~FYHSSpLP~ 0 LPWL!;{n. }!1Jtlill13~
I
so ? 1'\9 re '.l n
h (ll:lrnps=J.5!:i!Slf!.
c..
q UU:J.Nt{S
ll;lo 0
d UU:JWt{LP!:i!lllJWS'l.:J!:i!gW~J)
0 ~ or:::- c.. It:)-
!:i!LJ
o;;::.
d UU5PJ
0
gsjD}:l (1;:,
h !:i!~S~ q !£Ul~Slbtl:J h UBt!:i!\[lltl~B
l
~ "' n ~ LS Cl n
urnpruparusLDruf:l!:i!lS1mLSn.sn.rnlS'J1Ynn~ h !:i!ll
~ I I \::;1
ff. uu:~wt..plf!.n.~
QQ
r BS/.JJl,fJ.
1'/:Jt 0
"
h q !£Ul~\JUU¥ Z ~S/.JJl,fJ "
n
C'-ll1 Cl
h WL!;{D,~!:21ruf:l~!£U1~LP d \;{~ l ~S/.JJl,fJ"
mH:uunl}lu
n n
h !:2~!:2~ ~!:i!1gLSlUh~n.rQ ~R1!:i!ru f:J~R~p!£Ul~ t..prn ~ Slf!. !:2~
! I
~ n .r ~LS :.1 '? !i-"' n n
S ~!llJ j ~ LPS ~p..uru !£U :J ~ g S lDf:l h UB ~!:i!\[ll tl t{!:J~ §,1~rn pru f:J~ ~!llJ 1~ Slbru B B !:i! LS1~
n n
G'.ll1 Cl "' "'- lS [1 C") "'
!:2 ~ LPW L!;{D,~Y1t{ ~til ru f:lJ !£U l ~ S~ S ~p..uru !£U j ~ ~ W Dl R~ :Jtlj 1Q >E1Y g S 5~t h ~ RB
-G'l :1 Cl n "" n LS 1
¥LW n.rnlf!.1W R~rnlS'J 1!:JD,!:JR!:Jrn R~l f1LDDU1J p~ S Slb!:J WLH S ~til g eru lJ 5ru f:J~ SSp
11ll1 <'.ll1 :J I :J {;) C") C")
rn RLW D,B LUU WW L!;{D,D,lf!.1W !:i! pn,s Plffi 5m: ~lS'J S lf!.g S 5!:J LW n,rn lf!.1W S 5 B!15m
Q I 0 j:1 I C,
I
'? ~ n
YU! l!J U!!H! U1J 1!\H!ill YUllUfll lfhfY .Y
"Q 1'0 I"Q 0 '
!
3:::> ?' ~~ 1 ~ :!:;:) 1'\Sll C""-.. U1
h Uln.PJ1gLSH~t{~\JLSD,gl_Sj Ul£J:l~LPE~\JLSn.sp~t{Yf!Jl£1~~5LPWL!;{n. ·e
(f) I I
h tf:]~ £ S~UUtllS1LJljJSR~S~~ II\;{~ !II gL_Sj
II I 11 <'.ll1 ~
£ s~uutllS1LJLPSR~s~ uw uutJrup~5 u 11~ w \Jtlsspgw:tpl.PWL!;{n. ·y ~~·h
""' <:;;>
n n n n n
h !:i!~!£Ul~l.P" tl\JtlSSplP u gLS:J !;$\J!;JSSpLP ~5, gsW}:l
h ~}:l:IYll!:J b <= d
(';; \::;!~
I
q...... q.-. ::;:;o 11 n
gl_Sj !:i!ll
't:J
q <=!z UU:JPJSLbtl:l
(1;:,
0
h S'l.!:J!:i!RWlJrnpru}:nWW:JY!;JSSDLP
0 ~:;:;> (1;:, r,J '
u gslDr:l
G §SUJM G y!Jp
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
2
~
2
b2
= 2 'l5"'- a = 2b 2
a
2
fi d'H1 'i..fHH1Il
l I
2 2 t
n:hru a sb b dlBSSf.l~mSlg a
w u
sb b 'i:fiS 2 dl5ifun~'i§fl::Hl5ctrurlrun2Mfi:lru
w w .,; !l ~
t
a
.
sb b dlussf.lilm5'i§at1hm
w .ct
&Sl8tf.lQIS Ji -@sf'i§SdlB22hlS9l2
w
'1 f::lmsg
u
Ji muss
w
0 " '
dtms&ShlL'i:fllimqpn p ¢::? q
., ar.msg 1 15hlrnrun2MolQIG
!l Ul"'-' ~
p~q
'i5
"'-
X = -3
q X = -2 'i5 X = -3
"'
m
""'
X
2
+5x+6 = 0 tSl8tf.lQI2 (x+2)(x+3) = 0
tf.'\QIS X= -2 'i5
"'-
X = -3 '1
~msg x +5x+6=0~(x=-2
2
ux=-3) (l)
15hlmctl
l!1 "
q~p fil5hlmctl
lJl ........,
(x = -2 11 x = -3)~(x +5x+6 = 0):
-
2
PROEUS DARA
ffl'ij (l) sl::l (2) tfiQl8 (x 2 +5x+6 = O)¢:::}(X = -2 ~X= -3) '1
ff1'H29lUIHl.n:nbnu tfiQlSMtru1 2
x +5x+6 = o ~ctlruQ2LUJmmci sb~uuns
tuL'HltirJnJi x = -2 ~ x = -3 '1
x=/?
utfJw run x = 5 tfiQlS l =5
""
o , ':I , o ~c::,. ~ cJ cr
g;sffiftS m~runnm x
GV
= s 'Hn'i.Jrmnm tul:rul'HSI:lnmmsgmlim
(!!-
~9ltnlruldm '1
~'-'
l
cr .. C),1 o t:l.f o o ~ .c:::t.
t:ltHS
u
g2 9lUI~ ruld,:"-"W
m'Hru'i.JW.fTl
1M
HflGWl3~tu£rul 'i.JH rul g~Hl..fTlb tSU'HSI:lnQlS
-'U "'-
'1
1
ct
~ fl7ifl U7fl 2
fJH:fW
6\1
dsctlr~Gs"Bl c::TO
ntruJHfi'Httnb
'-"il
ctl'i'i5ctldsttlru~tutsi9'inbmnm
LJ LJ~.....,
'1 filHrunrun
1
13
l
tl
"'!> .G'J :1
h WPVUEtS!.LB~RWYLWR..ffilfHW
;0 '
I
:;'; 81' .G'J :1 !> .G'J :1 ........
t{S VUe:YruB:JRWYLWR..ffilfl.1W
~ 1
~!J~W!J.ffiPVU:IWRWYLW.Q..ffilfl.1W
-.:;t ~ ro ,
RY~RW
'>::1 0
l
!> .G'J :1 !> .G'J :1 .G'J :1 :1
u.rnpVUlWRWYLW.Q..ffilfl.1W
(<::::~ 0 ~
ruUJ.rnu:;J:JYLW.Q..ffilfHW : YLW.Q..ffilfl.1WS:JB!Jl.Q.1
I C.,
.. I I l
1"3 ':l ':1 :;; a <~o n (19
h b ~R~l~W1f1!:Ht{~ ?L!JtpVUe:Yrut.p d h UHlhi~~!JUJRt~Slfl,
I
!lo n So
VU:JWruhi:JtJUg!:JqY~l~!J
b VUlWt{S d tt:1 0 p
b{::'}d VU:JW:
0
( {:::'} ) ruRRW.Q.ISru
•
.. ~ ('1:;1 1:::::11 ('¥
"" 0 "'
I I, wLD1\lll j ~ ------1./---r---'
I
""'~ ·~ ~ ~~ ~ '?
RY~Rru~rnp\llll~ ~ 1 / RY~RW~.ffiP\llll~
.... .... !>
S:JWLD1VUlW RY~Rru~rnp\llll~ S:JWLD1VU:JW
~I"'~ ~ [""o
I d¢=bi ruLD1\llll~ I b¢=d I
~, d ~R~:J?UJtplr-ue:~ruLP b h b ~R~l~U:Hf1l21lr-ue:~ruLP d
l
!lo r ""
h ~ Ll S R b ~ l ~ Ll d ru hi :J VU gY t{ Y ~ :J ~ lJ SR b ¢= d VU l ru : ( ¢= ) HJ lS .Q.ISru .,
~ ~ (01 I::;:J
l;;::;p (01~ (01 ~ 0 ~ 0 I
h t.iJru e~ lJ
o;::,
lJUJR:Je.. ~ Slfl. 4 roo'='
vu :JW qs d lVU :Jru
tllo
( ) sRmfru ..
"''
I, Wt{LB
"" 0
I
!lo b ""'- !lo
~lJSRVUlWLP b t{S d ruhi:JVUt!:Jt{Y~:J~lJSR Ad VU:JW : ( A ) .Q..Q.ISru 111
~
't::;;l Ct::1 0 \:::1 f\:::1 () 1;::)1 0 (';I !;;:) (t:;:l I
l
~-. WtlLB~lJVUlWLP
0 ~ 0
b 'd ruhi:JVU~Yq~~:J~{j bvd vu:~ru
1:::::1~ 0
: ( v ) qsmrru
"'=''
.. (';I~ (01 ~ tl::)
0 = (d)·~ 1t 0 t{SPJl~LlllUJR:J~Slfl. d gL.Sl ~LlSRVUlWLP d n:J o
~ \:::1 G. d::;J{O 't:J '=::J 0 ~ ~
I =(d)·~ !2
q::,
I qsl\n~lJlJUJR:J~Slfl.
c,
d gL.S:J ~lJVU:JWt.p
0
d m.,
tt:1 ~l'b ~ ~(t::l
""'-
~{j S RY.Q. ~Ll t..pSL!JDR1l W Dl.H!.il ru hi :J.rn Rt{UITI ~H VU H t.p!.i VUlW o
:1 "
\:::1 I::Jo ~ ' l;:::t (01 0 0 tpJ'f::l 0
ga~~~ru~u
I,
I:;;::J Q I 0 (.. ~
q t{S\:::J v ~LlS~DR.J21gWlD zq<_v HSl q<v m ·m
h R~R.SSDt.p
0
"~
u gLS:J (.,_b+ zd = u .ffitS!.:J R~.Q.SSDLP
0
b qs
~
d m " {11:;,
·!2
h " " ':l
WWlY!2SSDlP!2R~nSSDR.l21 ·e;
I 0 q::;, 0 I
l
l I' "' :1 ':l l!j
I, £JLHR.~t{YW BW1f1!21~YRY~lfl.W Slfl.SU}ll.HtW t{H ·y
I
W~y-u ttS!.LB ~~1:~rn u:;Jl~~ s~g SlRW1l tlle:\lll:l~ L.PW ~n ~ g~g1
PROEUS DARA
......
PROEUS DARA
9I
I
6 k: :; ~ru:~wmsEuJ6urtJnw1 b
... I
.
PJ ru j ~ru j w Bl!;JUtl!Jrtlf!.W1 d IJUlPJSLA.1:1:J '6
"" 0
h bAg t{S (bAg)vb '!,$ !z.Ad t{S bvg ·~ bvg t{S fz!\d ·u
"" -- "' ""
"" n n "' n ~
: U:JruEEPJru~jiJU:JPJ1:1!JUUQ,W ~LHJL!Jt{IJUW1H1Ht;!l ·g
~ tt:J 0 I \:) ""'
~-, .1 !\ (!z v d) ·ti' .f.!\ (!z !\fl.) ·m .f.A(!zvg) ·1:1 bv(.!VQ) ·~ (.tvb)AQ ·h!
~
~U .! t{S ~USE b ~USEd : ZBlJlJUJ o
'>::r ~
>:::7 ~ ~ ~ Ctt:;
.\JU ·' t{S
'I;;:;:J ';;:J
.\,211 ~
'S SE b ~l:l d : lBlJlJUJ o
"' """"
: Ell!1:~ ti-l.Z L rn Rs LJ1Hh! EW ELY11 t1 l.ZIJU .1 ru
~~ 0
Slt;_ .\JL:J uwfi:JC,. .\J.\JIJU h!
0
·L ~ ~ I
h (g v b)!\ d '!,$ b !\ g ·~ lz !\d. ·u
'I n 11
ELYU t{ l.ZB~ Lrn ES IJU:JPJ
0
S:JC,. ~U IJL!Jt{IJW ~PJ ·9 ~itll ~ I
~-, Grut~ sLA.ru
mC,.~ I
H t{l13rn
0
rut.!
~E.;
at lillE!Jfru M g ~rnrutftJ t lillE!Jfru s ·m
s ti-S Ln:JLY h! (;;
J::lf!::ll~ () ~ I:::Jb
, 11 .,_
h Pl Z£ SSBSLA.IJ!JE~:l n L = P+ £ '!,$
<.. 0 "'
, 11
0
hpjc,. Z£ SSBSLA.!Jh!E8H{S L f) '(;:;)
= v+ £ ·e
h 6ls~gm!;{LP¥S~!f1~SLA.~SPA "h!
: ELY1:~ t{ l.ZIJU
tt1
3PJ
0
SlY
C,.
U Ul!JR:J Y.\JIJU !J
0
·:; '(;:t C,. I
h Lm ghJ t{lill!-S:Jh!ru s E:J SEt{S h!UBn1ELP-l SLA.~rn
't;;;;J f jf:::1
~lR ·1:1 ~ 1:::::1 t;;:Jo I
~-, Emhl11JUu zaruLt:Ln ruiJUu r aruLt:L ·~
~ ~I .:::, «::J1
n ""' t (;"\., 1
h B8t{EB~PSf_;Hf,1!;{~ fl'Pf!.l.P~~~:IS£Jlf.1 'h!
ELY1:1 t{lZB~ !JU j~ Sl BPJ 3~fi!JUlf;J t PJ HPJ ·p
H
hru
: IJU ~ru sLA.~1fY nt s [0wtLY LP!J~n h!ltlf:U rn Lt.!' !F lillf:Urn~1nJ::nfru f!-l ht'ruf!J ·m
~
h rusE
""
:uu~ru sLA.~1rH1~s [~bntLY LPY~n h!L.Of:Um tJJ:J~u.nB-'mLN1Hmfru~ hfru~ ·!;J
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
tt:nrut1JruQM:nHJ~iht:Js ( DeMorgan)
n. d5 10 + s = 15 t Sl g 56+ 7 = s '1
-l<x<l '1
OJ::~} CJ t:::l, ':10Ql
12. l,i.JH l,i.JS l,i.5 t M d& li5 tll,i.J'i::J&in'i::J!:S
...,. vh
l,i.5 r; rul:rlb £'iill'i:3
G
1
t:::} I 0 C) CJ Q
ct ':) 0 0
14. H129ltflirul~rur;s~Mgml.mb:nbtLAl'i::J :
1
sen9'l5~~d'tll2
1 i.l. C3-
n '1
17
8I
. r, ':f I f\1 ':f I l:1 >'
h { 1\Joi.H ' t[.f\JJ =a
"=" ~ n
'!,HDJ ' p!J1WtnU1 'DU ' t!J;{.H ' SD}
l9 :1, 1 "' n
SlJJ!ijgtJjj ;f1LOWlJH1b~~St\fU~l,tJ ~:J tf:1~gSH.l:1Df:H1 llJ1JtlllLB?::
a QmtRW
;>
l "'
h V S:J~Lt!SR:JSR~
(;I <::;:,
c.. V 8)c.,
l
l 11 " ;;) 'l./
~Ltllj::H!JRWU~~ LP~Hill~DLH!il8W1J ¥lSU
::; a 1 •
h! W:llJU ~ 1HU m u:J l !J IJlHJ
I
IJ1J DJ
0 0 0
S L0 !i l h ( VI
':f. r "'- I >' I
S ~RlkHlH1 W UJ~~t\fU~ fU WJ~t\fU~ I
8:J~Ltll,tJSmSR q t..pSLH) V ;cJ q : tDJHDJ
I "'"" I 0 " " "' "'-
~g~j~ ruh!DJ\fU~ UJ~l\fU~ til ~IJ1Jh!lilglSj o.l V 8lkltlL,tJ8R~S{g q wum
I ' o
~~ sss-t~~ fJHf1!J~~ \!U~ 8 l mt h ( v s~kltlL,tJ LPSLH) v 7J 3v twnru
I 11 I -11l I I
~Ltls sD ~w w~ ~w IJ1J ru
0 11;;1 0 0 111
~IJ1Jh!!:;I:Jffitn:J V S.lffiR~UJUJ JJ Sll:l!:;l.l
I 0 ~ C., '
g~~~~~ I ,_, r.
p
h V SlfJH~~~UJg LSru.lf1!JR.!}:iffilt!:J
{ s 'Zf 'J 'D '1l/} = v lru DJ ~ IJ1J h! s LO!:;! j
0 0 . 0
I
h V 8l YUll..Pt.JS1.l
h "'
wuw 0
I I I V UuWS:JLmRstfYH h ···'d 'a ':J 'a 'V
trt IJ1J w ~ t IJ1J ru 8 HliJ1J ru 0 0 ~ ~
0 0 0 0 0 0
u l I. (;"... n ~ 1 ...,
S8HIJ1JWDJ.HQ.!JlJUWWffilh!t <> L,tJD~ m ws-tm Lt! 1IJ1JW snuru' ~Wlil
o a • ft:ll 0 0 0 0 0 0 c;
s ~RLY1u~@:~m u:1:1 ~~m~1Yn .. h {s 'zt '1 'v 'zu} =V : t0JHW~IJ1Jh!!:;l.l
' 0
I I 11 I 11 I
lJU ru
0 0
SlC., ~UJS S 8~
0
lJU h!
0 I g LS :J ru ' ru L,tJ v ~w !:;! :J m
fQ
~
~ LZ 0LJU 0
h m R 0LJU ru
0
I 11 a I
~S ~UJ8:JRt:IJ1Jh!ruRW~S ~UJ
1;;::J ' ' ~' ~ L,tJSLO~~pnnLH s 'zJ 'I 'v 'zu gf'yH
"" r. I
WJm f1!J ~!} H lY RW \fU ~ ~ IJ1J ~ •
h Sl.jlBliiJ rh!WtDJHDJtfl,~j S '1f 'J 'V 'UI
~
~"HS~.Hl~g
0 l fJl.J ti..Jll..B?::
tfYHDJ ~}W ~brufin1sLO LZru ;>
intt: iliu tpunij uwarn~ I1U ~ lru rJ ·Y
=- e:u
~J~~9~.StH.ttsS"~ y·z
0 0 <t
~
00
0
ss:fiun
PROEUS DARA ""
PROEUS DARA
n(0) = 0 '1
0 I 0 0 V ~ ~
n. n M £'I ~Hl.fl£'1
11.1
tUn-a r:l't:lls t:s 6 '1
(3-
0 1 0 00 1c:::b Q1 eJ 0 eJ
2. nblfl£'1Mbl.flGSSFifi
1 u
Hlln9tl
1 u·
t:tlruUctlb -3 tfinGctlb
u
3 '1
""
iS~H5~
. Rbl.flil n5ru1 tth rutDmlthrtyum61 RMilG~ sm~ sb~NtlJll,fil'e~ smb wru1
8~ ru 'J :n b q__,m-e :
n. wru1'tsGSSFiilFi~r:l't:f1SnGctlbmid
1 1.1 u u "'- ..;
10 '1
(3-
ct
2fl71JUM 1
F={y\/-4=0}'1
19
PROEUS DARA
ti:lnHw6Hllirnm
!..
n
""
.....,
x 2tl
"'
y thm£'1r:ShlWl
1
" 0 0
1
E sb
"'
F t~ 0bm "'t!:HlinWl6HtilliHlino.n:
"'
0 '
e
t::l I 0 1
ttnrutHmncrssmnruhltl
1
1:.9-
: lJ
0 I 0 0 '\:!
(nMnhlWl&n'i:3runWJ:~'l:3r:smn)
" 1 9 lJ I
20
PROEUS DARA
0 0 ~ ':1 cy
2. ft.H1.fltHi:Hl5t~Ht51HfU
I ""
(x-l)(x-3)
•
=0 '1
1
2g'iif/HuJ n. H''iffi2hlrul A= {xjx = 4} = {2, -2}
0 0 I 0 0 0 I
0 C;i I Q I
0 0 ?
n. tl.H1J} C = {xjx-- 16 = 0} '1
2. wru;
0 0
D = {xjx>O} '1
t::lo o ov o ~ ~ o ov C~. v
£l='IU12 wr;owo.n
ij" 1
w ru'i:llsmndlcrss~mtfl
I U U
ru '1 r;m-ncr'i:lls wo.nti::l
1
OJ'i:llS11ln'i:3sms
1
dlGSS~f:iHH9
u '-'.
?
21
PROEUS DARA
MrulGMLHs4
t 1
ftin2lb
c:t
nb
et
tSjb~
4
t28 RMcittrJru {PJOP < r}
I
y = ax+ b '1
B = {xjx dlGSSf:'ici,gngti~d'i:nS
L! 1 \..1' CJo
ftlru x:::; 3}
t61Mrul1 A sb c Hl'Hilbhlrul
l_j 1
B Sb c msmrh:rm@stlmn tf:'ittlhlrul
CJo 1 U "' I
A sb c
~ ~ 0 0~ C»
r:'i..flliJ B Sb C dl hlM'HS tli.Hfl '1
1 """'
0 '
l:f:'inM61n5Hhlj : A:t C , B :t. C '1
A= {xjx dlG2Sf:'ici,gn9ti1dms
L! 1 \..1' CJo
sb 3x:::;12}
C = {xjx
t:::.1 ? 0 0 .c::il
GflffitHt5HhlmmmntShlM
CJo I I
A f:'i A= {1, 2, 3, 4} '1
22
PROEUS DARA
0 0 0
tHffiHuMI B ~?1Ql8 B = { l, 2 , 3 , 4}
0 0 0
"" 0 0
t?'i'\:f181Hurul1 A= {1, 2, 3, 4}
B ={a, b, 1, 2, 3, 4}
C = {a, b, l, 2, 3, 4} '1
1:$ t ':t 0 0 c$ t 0 0 0 I
tt:ltmmmHmmntswM A ?'idlmnmwwru~ B tt:lnMn
"'"'lj I 1 1 I
00 00\;)00 0 t
23
PROEUS DARA
0 1 0 0
tHffig)3t5nHU) A ti:1tf1S A k: A Sb 0 k: A '1
0 lc::b ~ ~ ~
P = {xJx thuSSi:161
1.1
~gn~:m-.d't:flS
I i.J• c.!l-
Sb 3x:o; 15} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
o
Q = {x!x thuSSi:161·~ "" ';.l
Hiln9t5Jd't:f1S "" r
Sb .vx:o;2} = {1, 2, 3, 4}
1.1 I i.J. c.9-
lc:$ ~ ~~ 2
R = {xjx 0
tilu2Si:1£1
1.1
ssn9tJ<d't:f12
1 i.l. (.!)-
Sl-J x ::;;49}
C»
= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} '1
C» 0 ,o 0 0 0
mti:1nMnhlM
I
u= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} tSlHi:1(l12 : hlrwl
I
n5ru1Gtsg
l""'
t'i.Jlim n5ruhbucnmcsrJru1 I ~ I
A ftJrumbn:nm A '1
ti:1tf1S A= { 4, 5, 6}
A= {x!xEA, xE U} 'i
~ 0 0 ~ 0 0
~fl?fflM ti:1&ffili5hln.fjhlnru u ={a, b, c, 1, 2, 3, 4} Sbhln.fj P ={a, l, 2} 'l
RMr1n5ru1~bthnmts
I
P 'l ~
Ql 0 0 0 ":) 0 1
13t1:Jf!J
tiV
fdrwlJbummts
1
P nrwl£1tthli5 : ~
P= {xJxe P , xE U} = {b, c, 3, 4} 'l
24
PROEUS DARA
n. NHNiNruli~tltl:lm
...... A S~nrulnGSSmnmNNrultSH '1
I 1.1 1 I
2. NHNHJrulS~tlttlm
QO tO tOO
1 ...... B s~nMnussmnmNNMtSlg
1.1 1 1
'1
'\ . ..
:~ ··.~· ··/'\o
" ~ " 8}
ctlnmn~th:fl8t8
o' . •
A= {xlx 1.1 tS- ···ini3J.t~g]~Ofl.~GW
>:,. '. "' .··.--.·.. ,'·>· :'
·o . ·.~ ·~ o· ·:: .: .· "?' . . .. ·0 · ·o o· Q,
= { 1, 2, 4, 8} '1 • .n.ns1
. ....
'•'
~g ~.~.m~ tstyn, sn~ ~
·.·
. .r\Jl ru
. .. ···"'-··. ,' .• '• ,.::.. ·
25
PROEUS DARA
co
(i"i(flS An B = {1, 2, 4} t'i.5H15 n(A n B) = 3 '1
StlxEB}
u22Wl6'i~2
0 "
'1J I
AnB mtlttht15 n(AnB) '1
...
2 fl7 'if1 Ulfl 1
&tht15 A = {x!x
B = {xJx r:h6'itun1dtfls~s
1J ts-
30} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30}
= {1, 3, 5, 15}
tjtJtSg
u
n(A n B) = n(A) = 4 '1
ct ~!:» 0 0 ~
2fl7'if1UU7 2 ti"itflS r!Ht5C1Jl R = {a, b, c, 2, 4, 6} Stl P = { 1, 3, 5, 7} '1
~
t~'i:f1~Hl Ht.Htfl
0 0
A = {1, 2, 3, 6}
sb
B = {1, 2, 4, 8} '1
e' 0 0 C)
t~HliJ'i.H'Wr!(llfH'Drul { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8} bl:Hl5'i:f1S
n 1
AU B = {xjx E A ~ xE B}
II l
n(AuBj '1
X E A 'i5 ~
X E B 'i::f1S srum X E A tn X~ B 'i5
~
X E B t61 X~ A 'l5~
X E An B '1
t~'i:f1Shlrulhlnru
1
u = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} sb
~ 0 l - 4::::).
A= {x\xE u sb x dluSS~61thlhl
II
} '1 til:rlmm
~ ~
: AnA= 0 sb AuA = u '1
A= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
0 ,o 0 ~ 0 0
'BJi:H9Jn Au B = {xlx E A l{ x E B}
= n(A)+n(B)-n(AnB) '1
l=lMn~gn
!,]'
si:l1:12~mmnnf2Htinh~h151Gss
l (3- 'Lt w
....
150 mfinrJ~gnrnru'erunhm:Jmslitmn '1
!,]' IJ "' "' .....,
l
&l=i99bli(fl2rlfi'tflsm
w
'tfl~H~hu'iGSS
'Lt w
102 SlRuru8m0nfll=iruln~9fl
u n li' v· uss
w
71 SlRuruGn
u n
u 150
28
PROEUS DARA
= 71 -40 = 31
= 102 + 71-40
= 133
n(U)-n(MuK) = 150-133 = 17
... "'
~~<;HS~ ffi'HfilHtrln!iJH1ih:flSrlfdtuJG~2 160 mfi QlSf3Jtlbtfl'tllf:1fdtuJG~S 79 mfi
GrurhnfiS~tu'l~tmtsitH1Jnruti5
u !1 'J 6lJ1
65 2lfiGruGmflf:1ttul1tm&f:1idg
u !1 'J "'
sb 41 2lRG05Gf'iffiS
u !1
29
PROEUS DARA
2.3
n. runnn:Btln~s
B
De Morgan
0 1 C» 0 0 c::t,
mmgu'i'tH1HtH1fl A ~b B '~t:n~ ·:
n. A u B == An B '1
• ~nG~~.m"J&.2'{Y*tlbuturu;
AU B = {xlx It A Sb x E B}
= {xlx It A} n {xlx It B}
= Xn.B
n.
AuB AnB
~. h5tuJffiG~tu~J1Lffl'e12ntlru~2wb '1
w
2. runnn:rl
s n
I
&~tni:ltlfdrult A, B Sb C t~Ql2
n. An (B n C) == (An B) n C
2. Au (B u C) = (Au B) u C
30
PROEUS DARA
fi.
~An (B n C) ~(An B) nC
An (B n C) (AnB)nC
2. ~fdJ~G~fdt:lJlLffl'il~SHhti5gStltl '1
1.1
fi. rnnnn:uiun
9
fi.
An (B u C) (An B) u (A n C)
31
PROEUS DARA
~ 0 0 '1:1
"m A ctlft5MHH8
1
B tSH n(A):S:n(B) '1
~ 0 0 ·~
" m A ctl fdrulH:Hh &l.HS I .;
B tS'H n(A) < n(B) '1
9
" wru; fdn ru ?lctl ft5 ru; r; 1:l ru'i::flSlil'lim&p; 1:l ru mr:ns ClJ wt~ wru n'i:H'i ft5 nJl '1
0 0 t:::b 0 OcJ I eJ ~ ~
" hlM~btir:rJm
I ..._,
A= {x!xE A , xE U} '1
.. MM~'Ufdrl
I l.i IJ
AnB = {xE A sb xE B} '1
0 0 0
•fdn.fj1_Y~ AuB={xEA ~xEB}'1
., MMI A sb B ctlhlMthcim
I "'
rug'ifflfn
I l.j
An B == 0 '1
C» ~ 0 0 I I
"m A Sb B ctlfdrulfl'UHfd
I
£S"Hn'JQ18 n(AuB) == n(A)+n(B)-n(AnB) '1
" runn.n:m'Un
B
An (B u C) = (An B) u (An C)
32
PROEUS DARA
n. A= n5ru1~~~?'i~tnHu1d'i:fl~riudlb
I w u
13 '1 (.j-
0 00 l Q 0 0
2. B = MMu~Gli:H'iw~dlG'i 7 uS~titibt?l '1
I w 1..1 u
"'
l=l. C= hlrultSrl'i..fl?JM1d'i:f1Shl
I I 1
3 ttiruriudlb
u (.3-
19 '1
m. D = n5ru1tsb\Ul?Jrults
l 1 I
5 t'r:Hl5tsimmg'f1 4 tl 6\1
ru 26 '1
R~jgngu~dtns
l i..j'
sb (.3-
X dlG'ituntS
1..1
45 } '1
0 1 0 0
?1. nflllriMM1 U = {x/xE A 'i5
"'-
xE B} '1
0 0
5. t?16JMCt.f)Mnru u = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} '1
n. A = {xjx E U Sb X dlr!Ull=lflllt8
I 1
3} '1
R. c = {x/xE u sb X thG88'UU~
w
} '1
33
PROEUS DARA
1.1
I
.... u '
1Ht\5
"\0. ....
9} ,;ow
0 I q ~
0 tO ,o ~ Q1
2. nru!n9Sln9sbsnb A sb B tttlrutl_Yhl'.JJl
....,
c '1
7. tr:ll'lHJrulhlnru
U I
U = {x!x chG82r:J~1gng'U~t:i'i:f18ftjru
1.! ti.J" tS-
1 :Sx:S20} '1
n. A= {xjx @sf1§schrJ'Ulr:lrult2 I I
3} '1
2. B = {xjx chrJ'Ulr:lMt8 I I
3} '1
00 c.:»~ 00 ~
u ={a,
C:.':t,
n. AuB '1
2. BnC '1
n(A) '1
11. mmbGssmr~lsfJnil
1.! I I
A , 8 sb A nB tf'rlnb C!
I
0 1 0'1:)
n. nrulnntru x
2. nru!n
0 •
n(A) sb
"'
n(B) '1
34
PROEUS DARA
A B
13. b!=i'i::flS tlJlLfil'i:l1s mb n5ru1ti A, B 8b c <J
n. (A nB) n c <J
2. (An B) u C <J
drundrurtJrudruntsinbUtun
"'
8ss
u
70 Slf1crru8n9mdrundruuw:rtusbt3ss
u n ~ u
41 SlR
I I
g"Jb 'Lm'i:l :
n. gmfnd rund runbuhln <j
~ "'I 1
2. 9£!JrndrundrutunLtun <j
1
35
PROEUS DARA
0 "' 0
£?1!3JtH1SlG 0 2bunf1G E ~rutdJb
o~~~e
t9'ms4trumnci
J ~
t '1 ttit?1@2nciumru
~
u "~i'HIDm21nHmMt2G220£1
0 cJ I ~ eJ
""' u !::2 u
r;n.nr; ow
1
t~mtm-nutuntiSl£1
~
t mnadn
..
0 E
rhmg1?1ti8n.nms4truuSlci
l,.j ~ 1
t t'~ru
1fl2Hbci
n
OE dlbrH'il'itit1b
G 'in~msbG22
l,.j co u , o ~~ 'o o
u " tiSlnGMH?lill GS2bnm
~ 1 u
GSS
u
ffi1j~mJu~u:nbtLf'il1j :
- 8n.nu o 1n{sbG22 o '1
lj
! u
u " 82u slin n.l13• tll ri :n. n 82u s ?1 ci
1?1ti8n.nms4tdn1d1fl2 tU'iru1fl2
l,.j 1 .. (3-
f:i1jm~
.....
8ss?1ci
tl
8ssMsms
1.1
sb
( -s) '1
36
PROEUS DARA
1!=1ticissttiruun~m8b1!=1tiun.nmmtruti215'idss
c. \J "' c. 1 & u
tmim u~~nn
1.1
'1 d5tl=ll=ltuti215'i
u &
u
G2u Sctlti215'ittl n &21 gt~n1rl'i:flsun~ tsi:nb N1 sb t~nH1tl'i:fl8
& "' t3-
(.3-
tsi:nb tl:ib
" ., "
'1
u
S. fflHLU]tnt4JUfi§Sfin
tl=l t tli d 8lJ s1rl'i:fl8 bsi nli'li 21 iidsu 2 n:.tl rud MGctl t1G
(.$- &lJ
2 &mtd" n:!lb M~2R
.,
rn sb &1:1 t tli1
a 0 b
0 a
a 0
0 a
}-lal-.j
- a 0
37
PROEUS DARA
"'
2!17'i.flHlfll 131 = 3 ' l-31 = 3 ' IOI = 0 '1
(i) Gtmg a~O t?iQ1@ Ia! =a sb -a::;o t@'lg 1-al =-(-a)= a= lal
(ii) 8~mg a< 0 &?iQ1@ lal = -a sb -a> 0 t@'lg 1-al = -a = lal
m"e (i) sb (ii) crtmgLm58~s ~nls a tl=ims 1-al = Ia! '1
C!) ':1 0 1 Q 0 t Q I 0
IN= {1, 2, 3, ,... } '1 dru'Un U
Glbdill?if:liHGlG@Gl?inG'eth61thGGJGl?inG'eth6'1
I !.1 ._, !.1 ._,
'1 ~?i'UG€i2
W w
'""'
""' '1
?in ~9Jlff15
38
PROEUS DARA
cl'
2£n'U7U!..n 1 mtstr:lruffi21_Yt~b~bt~sb 1 ffi2
~'Ut~bHbfiHibtt'dsb
t_; n Li
ti2lfiii22Ql2
& \.1
""u
'1 822
,fi '1 t?iffitHtrlG22
\.1
w
,fi
I
Ji -@2f't12r:hii22tusm2t9 '1
\.1
tsinli
[f]J.
0 1 ,fi
cl' 1
2£n'U7Ulfl 2 S= 0.125
cl' ~ 0 v
ZITltnH2.fl3 -v2 = 1.41421356237 ...... r:hu229hl.ffl?iH22ttlrum2~ti '1
\.1 " .... \.1
n = 3 · 14159 ..... .
39
PROEUS DARA
@)~t5~e
.. ro~ru 2tatyJuwJmH8J1'1:3~f15
flH~~8~88~?11d'tr18
tJ (.j-
15ft58~
u eJ
"'-
2 91tfJ Ulfl"' 1
-J4 = -2 '1
J6 = 0 '1
2~ b>O
0 ""
mmg.a>.O.
40
PROEUS DARA
= 2/3- 3/3 + J3
2
= J3
2
-J3 = - J3
2
3. (2Ji+5/3)(3Ji-J3) = (2Ji+5/3)x3Ji+(2/i+5/3)x(-/3)
= 12+15J6-2J6-15 = -3+13J6
"" ""
i~~~~ 2 fJH'ifLf!SlfitSJ1'B:r!iHLffl"B :
• ttnJmnJuyrumnisnBsl~msfft
thmgGSS~d'i::flS
IJ t:S-
a Sb b tf:'i(flS :
a<b<;::?a-b<O (1)
a<b<;::?Ja<Jb
41
PROEUS DARA
"'
ZFTlifiUU14 ttY]mcrJti 1+ J3 sb J7 '1
tJcgw..,
n:h ru8 2IJ 2 ilb ri~thG sIJ s1 d'i:fls
"'
t mgtf.l~twtilmcr'"~m'i~'l:3m fdta til rut rurmb
VJ u G\1 A
"" "" 3
~~iHS~ tty]mt{Jti
n. 2./7 sb 3./3
"'
2FTlifiUU11
- 1
n. JU
;:,.
fJ C'f!'lJJ'-
n. \~r~ = - 1- (mmm8ss28rih~mru)
JU "' J2 2 X 3 2./3 <>....., IJ GV
= J3 , (f.lrutnilbri~~smmf.lsb'h~mrutsimf.lfub)
2(./3f I IJ l_)
_l_=J3 '1
JU6
- (/5/ + JsJ2
- (/5/- (J2)2
Js = 5+Jl6 '1
Js-J2 3
42
PROEUS DARA
"'
t,~~HS~
"' 1 0 IH t:::J f ~ eJ
tiQinfl~ filC1Hlffi~m-!HS1.Yffi~2l·l:HLll11:3 :
\;)
~
n. J28
1 ::3. J3 ~. J3 + J5 '1
J3+J2 J3 J5
fi. mtruununtBJitrti:Hutns11smrnfinn8
u
2
tttlru cJ3 + ,f2) = 3 + 2,/3X2 + 2 = 5 + 2J6
t~t'Uli mdli t1Zh ttiti &s g t'Uli m nu MU3 runt aJl~&'~:~ ru'i:lla 'h~ nu1.Hhm a'1
1.1
ct 0 ,o ~ ~ eJ t:::p c;:,.
~fl7ff7!M 1 nn.flnGSSI:ln a sb b ttH15 a>b tttlrui::Jbm a+b = 7 Sb ab = 10 '1
lJ
tm:ns a+ b = 7 = 5 + 2 }
tSlg a =5 , b =2
ab = 10 = 5 x 2
1:1msz
u
J7+ 2J16 = J5 + J2 '1
"' "'
t,~Gi~~ MDHlint8Jll:32li:HLll11:3 :
w
43
PROEUS DARA
fl.
10 <Sb tmru 2
wru1ts tru2 mtl ts8 t?1turlm 'iun
I U ~umliunru
~ 0 eJ '0 ,'(}
"'mutlussnb'i.'iuns~mru- 2 t94
10 HHllimtmrudsm~ U1ru1 sbruntfllt;ti "" u ~1 L "'
"0 ~ u
u m8ss.nbmnstmru
u "' 10 sb
unnitsiH~um13aru:dsm~m·hti '1 u c;
l
ct Ql ,o
LffiM13n~(Q
291f.f7!M 1 MJli:flShlJHlltiuSS
1 n G u
n = 147
" I ~ f ~ 0
nhdci
~
m'i:3dun s tlu:nb
u
t'ifn'iHS
G
g :
I
2lht_gn~Junti 10 qrn
<! "'
" duns9 1 : • Llin~tmru 10 M~MJS
ntlrH1nu'Jms8ss
"' u u
14 oci stlMru "'tyil~tmru 2. 9L13cin~n '1
l
7 Lmlinru '1
• dtms9 2: SlbiunGcihl~ifnlinu'JGSS
LJ n G u u
10 ociuruntldci~13ru
u ~ u
2ltlQlSGci~ 1
l
44
n = 147
i:3li
+
1 X 10
= 1 X 10
2
'
2
+
+
v
4 x10
4 x10
+
+
t
7
7
PROEUS DARA
~mthmru 10 <J
n = abcd 10 = axlO 3
+bXlO +cxlO+d
2
cl
2ETIU7Ul./1 2 n. 1234 = 1000+200+30+4
uu]fJtf.fTicres
~'U'tfldltR'l:llSGSS
lJ
341 213 679 821 ~SlHRffitHUlitrlim2ciS1:3li5']1:1u2lbtUn11:3
.... .::; 1.1 u
3 4 1 2 3 6 7 9 8 2 1
t t t t t t t t t t t t
([J::J. ([J::J.
([J::J. ([J::J.
tc tc tc tc
~ ([J::J. CJl CJI
-oo OI -oo B B
CJI
-u::o- E B -~
';)3.
tc ~ 2 -u::o- E
-~
';)3, c:;
-~ """
"'
~~a~~
"'
1. fDHfD~9~1:3ciLlmfi2liHUfil1:3tsgmussnbm~s~mtitmru
l.) GV UctWa3
10:
I
n. 3 X 106 + 5 X 104 + 7 X 10
8
ill. l X 10 9 + 2 X 10 + 5 X 10 5 + 9 X 10 <J
45
PROEUS DARA
fi. 987 654 321 001 'li5. 100 700 800 123 '1
• • lmJ r\Yr" 1
~
L'UH'Uw
~
' 0
+ l
t t
L'i5Htl13GJ13
+
1
+ l &~13dlt15
3 2
1 X 2 + 1 X 2 + 0 X i +1
""' t15
t'UI 11
3
= 1X2 + 1X2 +0 X2 + 1
2
m9L13t'Hl
' "
[Jnt:2 n QbtY~ ~~mti~mrn 2
~1\1//
l
46
PROEUS DARA
......
'
n = abcd2 = ax 2 + b x 2 + c x 2 + d
3 2 ' ' ,','.!
..
A. mnHuwdssnwuunsn:mhmru 2 twtmdssnwuunstmthmru 1o
ol Uc:t It" Uc:t It"
I I
t:l 0 ef 0 0 () I
5 4 2
t?lQIS ; 100110 2 = 1 X 2 + 0 X 2 + 0 Xi+ 1 X 2 + 1 Xi+ 0
m. mnHuwdssnwtunstmthmrn
u c:t u ol
10 t9imdssuunstmthmrn z
u "' i"
I
ZEn'i.f?Um tit'UbGSS n = 21
GV \J
nb~'U~s~mutmru
" W (/)
10 tsr1dlGSSnb~'U~s~mutmru
\J W (/) <G
2
1 1
"" "' 0
t?l 'lY t mruma1..n ~n r=m o 'U'Uu cn fiQb1YHms 2 Vl'Ul H\..ll3lb t ru tt:l~ 'i
Pl t •? cl ~el
d1tl5l)'i
1YHU~u) 'i
'HGJ'H) '1
47
PROEUS DARA
1:?\QlS n = 21 = 2 X 10 + 1 = 2(2 X 5 + 0) + 1
4 3
= 1 X 2 + 0 X 2 + 1 Xi+ 0 X 2 + 1
n = 10101 2 '1
21 l1_
l 10
l1_
0 5
f:iill
~dnH~tl'tlls
"' (.9-
l
~--~.r-------_J·~------,
0 0 0 1 ~
'" ti.Hl.IlGSS!:ln131:Htln
I IJ __,
N = { 1 , 2 , ... } '1
0 0 0 I dl <::!\1
'" ft.HWlGSS!:ln
I IJ
HHl9'U
I '!.J"
'£' = {... , -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ... } '1
l 0
u~s~o
• t:P
1•nou
t::::,J
l0
dss?J~1~tn9'U~t:H:f1S:
w 1 w· C!T
1, 2, 3, ...
~·•~
0 •c:P ~ ~
GSS!:ln ~9f19'UH~J:l1:f!S: -1, -2, -3.
w , w· C!T
4
\l s '" s !l sw 'lonliu
w·1 8' -3,
dssHtu2£ns:
IJ
12, -J3, n, ...
I \:) 0 (!) I
'"9'i'i:3t\r:U:rtntSGSSn~'i'UrlSHfl'UtFilb15 10 1:f!Sd1~:
~ N w ~ G ~
l
.. gm~nmntsdssn~'iuns~mtitmru
t_; UctGt:JJ
2 1:f!Sn~:
€1.1
I
abcd 2 = a X2 3 2
+ b X 2 + c X 2 + d '1
=ru 0 '
~ 2i' lhl~"l1\WC't;;,\t~'l!A\)lt;.#!i%.%''~MM\!)i,)Dt~~~ffiMM®'<i!Wttwi~~~<.~W.~tll.;\1!;$,U,%JWhlh;,-J£_\,~;\.l$J0,.'0(,~>\1<llh{W~J't,'lfu%l~\1:'AA\Aiii'Jl,J,.)~~~==z.ntr:e:=
1. tHTnRnt'l:3tsdssnn
(l- W
x ttntm'ititub11l~tu'l:3mrHtnrut3~m
GV t_; ~
x
y X
n. x+ y 2. xy lli. - +- 'i
X y
4. n. ML'i:3run&SJl'i:3 (1+12+./3)(1+12-./3) 'i
w
49
PROEUS DARA
7 6 4 3 2
2. (8 X 10 ) + (7 X 10 ) + (6 X 10 ) + (5 X 10 ) + (4 X 10 ) + 3 '1
3 2 4 3 2
!:1. [(3x10 )+(2x10 )+1]+[(4xl0 )+(lx10 )+(lx10 )+(4xl0 1 )+3] '1
7. tit15~8ss:n~~UFn'i:H94m8ssn~'i15nstmru
GV 1J IJctl_;
10 : Q0
I
2. 1000012 '1
2. p vq '1
2. tR"tfl2MWD" d5FilHi5'i:flM&BFilH15nhmmsrugnmru
.n .p ct ., >l
t2lgHn~~Ql8FilJirJHB"
" ./)
'1
A= {xjx dlfl'i.fl~rul~2
I I
2}
B = {xjx dlritnl!'lrul~2
I I
3}
50
PROEUS DARA
C = {xjx dlrJ'Ul?H1.1l~S
1 l
6} '1
5. t?'ii3HtHl.fHt.llnru
tJ 1
u= {xjx dlus 2?'i&'\G'i:ld16Ht:j ru 3::; x::; 20} siHuMHHH
1.1 "' 1
0
"' ""'""' p sb q t ~
6. inrun2Mt2MtMm l5j 6J n5 t ru1 m'i5 n ~ ru1 s~ ru 1:n t~ tLffl'i:l
B la
0 0 0 lc:b ~ ~ 2
10. t?1f3JMru;n.nnru U = {xlx dlu~S?'i&'l iftJ19'i.5Sb 35x:58} '1 A= {x!lO<x :525}
51
PROEUS DARA
0 ~ ~ c:, eJ
12. t?ii3JGTISt16l'i3Sf1JSJ a sb b tt:!rn A = ab , B = /ab/ , C = /al/b/ , D = -ab '1
~0 I 0 ~ ~ c:::::t;
1
n. x + :;: > 2 G rm g
0
Elli '
x > 1 '1
0 •cV ~ ~ eJ 2
A. RJSGSS?ifi
... u
~gng15
, u·
p Sb q tt:!ru p 2
q =2 '1
15. AMS10ill'i5n
u
Sbdrut:!nlSG22nbmilstmru
u .. t..;.,
2 1:!G2'"Jbt'ifil'e
u LJ
I
ffi2idb
lJ
AB = 1 '1 D dlGMG'eiDtsitru
I IJ
I
mtyt1b1_EJb AC '1
I
52
PROEUS DARA
4 (flS t!::IH15 1 + 3
1
6 msn:hru 3+3
(a+ b)
4
= a4 + 4a 3 b + 6a 22 3
b + 4ab + b
4
53
PROEUS DARA
n. ilnm
...
~W~~W
" bntn ~ctllitSJIYftl ruLli'i:flM~crr;ruHtO~'i:flStn~cr~n.n
stlfi5rul!'lo.Jl
~ 1
tC:Jru'i:flSS9tU'isctl8ss?J~ld'i:fls
\:tn u 1:3-
u"'- tUS'i
u tJ
<J
54
PROEUS DARA
?1. 6'1.11 -5
2y
Jixi
4 2
--abc
5
flbSJl13 3bx y
2
r::hbnmtns~~nHtG~ biy (HtG~ b 'X sb y) sbm9fl.Jl 3 '1
.. ,,
~fTiif7UI.fl"' 2 ""
n. ntSJ113 -2xyl sb 1xyz 2 ctlbnm~u~ ""'
mLmgi:Jnmmbr:u 'i:nSt~n 0 "" "
2
Htd~ xyz
2
tlum
u ..
'1
"" ""
,:;~~HS~ mt~n nH1 tUbnm~tl rutlu?ilnbbnm:ni:ltHn'e
J.; ""' u l.) u """'1 l.)
2xy , -3x y
2
, - ~yx /5yx
2
, ay , 4ax '1
55
PROEUS DARA
~ Cl ':> Q)~
1 2 3
- -abx y z a, b, x, y sb z -
1
- 1+1+2+3+1 = 8
2 2
"" ""
iiS~t?~ ~n5tnQJm~n.n 2b~tLntstlnmt!bmnb2lbtLf11'jj
I
1
X
2x
-4ax /z
2
a, x, y st~ z
l0ax
2
/i a, x, y sb z
5 2
,Jibc d b, c sb d
~mn5 thm gimmff:l ru1:flSH?ijH@ s 1:flsnw1l~ gttl ~:liJ n1t"~ n.JH?ij~~ ru8 ~ sdlH't3~
ttfi 115 fr:l nti:J ru tsi hl rum t'jj?Jn.fl &so nm' Sl g '1
q I
ct
22fTif.fliM 3 -·lOax
56
PROEUS DARA
3. u.rmnnifinffnnm
iuun 8nwnilnm
l/
2 3 1+2+3 = 6
1!:-J
X
do j~
m1 eJ Q}
----x
C» v "?
(fu9 2 ) ?lff1~~~2ti~tnHl.Jl~nbS~ti51 QhJti9 1 ti:Hl5'H!St~lj1!{fl6x '1 ~msg
1 1
jjmtin~r:l~n9n~smHff1Mtnbnbm9
IJ ,::(,..:, i.J' I c; IJ
1 n\Hjjifi9fltif!tff1bl.Jltnbnb~ti9
..; ,,d,j i.J' 1 c; U
2 '1
1 1
n. 4x-2x = (4-2)x
= 2x
2 2 2
2. x + 3x = ( 1 + 3 )x
1utintit:ln
U ""-
t61tr:lnt-el=lbl.Jl
c; I
~t~rufi'fugtf~f:in.n~&tor'i~ud~.,
1.1 · . .,; . 1. c;
2 2 2 2 2
10xy+5xy-xy = (10+5-l)xy = 14xy
fi. 5x + 7x+ X
11 1? 22
fi. 8x"y"z+ 13x·y·z-x y z
57
PROEUS DARA
0 ""'
H1Jn
m n m+n
(1) a a =a
(2)
(3)
m
a m-n ""
(4) --;;=a (m a;tO)
a
cl' 3x
Zf17117iM 1 Huggf)'ijtJ5&JbdlG6'it;filrultnb
li IJ I
C) ~ ~ ~
2 2 2
X X X
bi:Hl5'i:fl2'd'tll1Jl 2x sb 3x '1 ~~rHt?lQl2C~LnfU1
2x
G2Lft5gSln~sgdldru~Mn'lb 2x Sb 3x fl X
2
X
2
X
2
(2x)(3x) = (2)(x)(3)(x)
= (2)(3)(x)(x)
2 rr 7 3
n. (!xl(-3x ) 2. (,_;Sx-y )(4xy)
2 )
(J5//)(4xy) = 4J5i/
58
PROEUS DARA
"" ""
~~~~~ fi rul Sl
n. (l0ab)(a 2 b 2 ) 2.
1tmjmmm
nfil
6'l
ttfi li5 tun tt3fiI rul s~ mfiI rul fd mHO ssb~HG~ '1
C'i
:unffi:M"' 2
2
l0ab = 2 X 5 X a X b X b = 2 [;
Sab
0 ?
_ 7x y/
2
7
4xyz
~~~~~
""' ""' ?lrulSl
3
2.
z
m.
59
PROEUS DARA
n G8Jl'H 'I
~.
- sx = + Sb --Sx
sh --Sx 51 '1
1.1
m £5 sbnm2l
- bn (ijg)
w
bnm'i
m Glffi'i
f)
r:n n5'i::ll fl
w
m m'i
3 2. 3 r:Jl&Glm
iJ
:cl. - + 3_~:-5 m
x sh -2
+ 3y + 20
PROEUS DARA
l ' ' 2
2.- ::;- +).1."' li5. 2£ + Sx
.H
b. 1112 +5 4 1
G. 12./ &:J. 8x - 2x + - d. 2x
11!2- 4 X
n. Sx + 3 ~ '"
'Bl8wG'0~fi.H8 "" l
x U\1
-·
2
2. x --3x+2 'BlS~ttn2f,Hs
) &1
"" 2
x bf\5
....
0
~ "" 3 mmaHd~
rl. - + 'BlS w bLn~ r15
'
bf\5
.... X £b y
n. rltflm-
1
3x+ 2
nrnm
l
H ~ 'fj t D'tH'fi1:Hli f:ll th R8 t D'tH'fl'tHlJ f:ll thp
2
x + 2- 4x X
3 2 2
t + 3bt- 2b t + t
-
1 ' 1 4
2/llY-- 3 +IllY+ 3 _v
I ·~·-·
61
PROEUS DARA
., 2
afl7'i17!M 1 tj:j6Jl:ltfjl:n A= 2x +4x-2
(tinbnmtlGm)
u u ..
'lin
U
l::in RM
1
.bnm· nmm
I
= 6x 2 + x-10
.,
afl7'i17iM 2 tR6J!:1Up:n M = -3i+x-5
2
= - 10x + 4x- 6
.,. .,.
i_~~·n;~ 1 RMSl M + N Sb M- N
n. M = x2 - 3x + 5
2. M = 2x + y + 10
2 ""!..
E:lw N = x 2 -lOy+ 20
R. M = ~ x2 - 6x + 7
.,
afl7'l17iM3 ~RGJ!:ltfJWlA=x-3x,+5x-3
4 ' 2 ""!..- 4 2 4
SwntSJ1'i:3B=2x-3x+ x+l '1
f.JtHtiJ ?H1.fl Sl A+ B
""
4
+ ) 2x
l=H1.fl Sl A - B
"" ""
i~(;i~~2 ffl13Hti]li~ti21i'j&ru f:iililSl A+B Sb A-B
R. A = x3 + 2
cl
2 91 'U7 Hlfl 1 ltlb~s~13runbm1t
.; u 1.1 I
mM fnb f~ 'tHflS sl s2
Q ~~~ 0
1ffi1Ji 2x + 3 sb x ?1ntht13n ~tiRbm21bM 'i
u "'I u £1 2
X 2x 3x
mb s
':1 "";)
thtti(J1~tsltli'j?'is~
.; .; u
0 0
I I
2x 3
tSlHf:i(flS : S = x(2x + 3) 'i
2
x(2x+ 3) = 2x + 3x
t:::::__j
ru2druli~13th&Lhlti '1
1.1
tlmsg
u
tf:iQIS S = x(2x + 3) = 2/ + 3x
63
PROEUS DARA
X X
fiMH1lint2tl'lflm'9rla
l c. !.! l
wtnb"Hrngl]rn
!.! t_; "'
'i
!.1
+xy-3/
= 8x 5 +
""
l:,i5~H3~
"" 1 fiMm
n. (2ab )( -3a b
2 2
/ 2. (-X+ J + 3) fi. 3
(x + xy- 4/)(x + y)
x 3 - 6x + 1
x ) 2x- 3
+ ) +18x --3
--- -6x+l)(2x)
-6x+ 1)(-3)
2x4 - 3xo-
-
12x·' + 20x- 3
2
n. (2x -4x+l)(3x-4) 2. ec/-3a+5)(r/+4a-3)
2
fi. 3x + / -1)(2 + x-5x ) li5. +3)(2x-x 3 -l)
64
PROEUS DARA
fi. b
+ l"'th!:~U1f{Jlff'ltHi::lru"tfl8~
"" " <I
+
r5ruTintG'ii''llfflfG
u ~ L i..!. c:t ")21bnb
c:t
'1
l
2 2
+ b) = + ab + ba + b
2
= x + 2x + t
2 I:JS'lr'i +
""'
9
= 4x 2 + + -y
4
2
rt ~ r1 n ~; 8Jll:3 21 b q_,ml:3
n. + 2. 1 3r +
li5 a>b
PROEUS DARA
-- 2ab + t/
(a~b)
2
= (a-b)(a-b)
)
(x-Ir = x 2 -2·x·l+l- ?
= - 2x + 1
""' §""' 2
ai'HS hl [161 fH SJl'e 2l i:HLAl'e
n. (x-5) 2 2. Gx-
- nmn- (a+b)(a-b) a b
""'
dj a Sb b 1ti'i::flS ttfl li5 a> b 'i [:JGnbJu b
tS- lJ "'
l
u
a
2lbtJ1,sg
n
'?lmshHnsncr61tfilnJ!
~~ ~· 1
rdn
"'
u
""
t.Hi?i'(a-t-b)(a-b) 'i
9
u
(3)
66
PROEUS DARA
(x+ 3)(x- 3) = x2 - 3
2
2
rJt'fftJJ
"" ( 1 x + 3y)( 1 x- 3y)
2 2 = ( 2l x) - (3y) 2 = 41x 2 - 9y 2
""' ~""' 3
i$:S iH5 rl ~ n n r: SJl'H 21 b q_fil'H
(~x- 2 5 + :21:)
:1:)(~x
n. (x-5)(x+5) ?1 . 5
(a+b+cf
?
= ((a+b)+c) 2
2 2
= (a+b) +2c(a+b)+c
(4)
rl~G'in!:SJl'H (x+y+2t
?
= x 2 +y2 +2xy+4x+4y+4
2
?1. ( 1x 2 + 3y + 3 z)
2 2 2 2
n. (3 +a+ 2b ) 2. (x + y + z)
2 4
3 2
(a+b) = (a+b)(a+b) = (a+b)(a 2 +2ab+b 2 )
(5)
. 3
rl~G'i (x+ 1)
3 3 ?
(x+ 1) = x +3x"+3x+ 1
67
PROEUS DARA
... ""
i~iiHS~ 1 n~ nnt SJl"e2liHLfll-e :
l
n. (x + 5)
3
2. (x+3y)
3
fi. (2x+5y)
3
lit +yr
- nmn (a-b)
3
""
3 2
(a-b) = (a-b)(a-b)
2
= (a-b)(c/-2ab+b )
3 2 2 2 2 3
= a - 2a b + ab - a b + 2ab - b
3 2 2 3
= a -3a b+3ab -b
~msg
u
I(a-b)= 3 a 3 -3ab+3ab
2 2 -b.
3! (6)
., 3
2fl7f.f7iM 2 mmnn
U GV
(x-1)
""'
tJtfftJJ
tN
3
(x-1) =x-3x+3x-1
3 2
Q Q
2
2. (2x-3y)
3
2
fi. c, r :zx-- y lli. (ab- 3cd)
3
2 3
(x-l)(x +x+l) =x-I
2 2
- nm61 (a + b) (a - ab + b )
""
2 2 3 2 2 2 13
(a+b)(a -ab+b) =a -a b+ab +a b-ab +b
(8)
68
PROEUS DARA
(a + b r = a- + 2ab + b 2
7 ?
(a - b r =a
? 2
- 2ab + b
2
(a+b)(a-b) = a 2 -b 2
(a + b + c / = a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
3 3 2 2 3
(a+b) = a +3a b+3ab +b
3 2 2 3
(a-b) 3 = a -3a b+3ab -b
? ? ' 3
(a-b)(a-+ab+b-) = a,-b
69
PROEUS DARA
C(' C» ":) I
(2y-3) dlnffU15
>11.1
:
x(2y-3)-2(2y-3) = (2y-3)(x-2)
"' "'
i5~5~ 1 i':fl fintSJ1152lb tLfll15r:hd ru~M n~
n. 6k/-2I/ 2. 2/q-4pqr
"
~!TJ'i.f!Ul./7 3
.
i':flnntsn15
\j' •
(3x+ l)(x-2)+(2-x)y r:hdru1=1Mnff1
I n
= (x-2)(3x+ 1-y)
= (x-2)(3x-y+ 1)
"' ""
~5~5~ 2 i':flRntSJ1152lbtLfll15r:hdru~Mn~
firfl
n
2 .
(2) a. -2ab+ b
2
= •c· a-.b)
.· . 2
:1: ·.•. ? .
(3) a -b~ = (a+b)(a.-'b).
.· ·. .··.· ' . . . . .·•
n. x 2 + 6x+ 9 2
2. m -20m+ 100 1=1. 4p 2 q 2 - 9t
?
X- + 6x + 9 = X 2 + 2 X 3 X X + 32 = (X + 3) 2
70
PROEUS DARA
2
2. m - 20m+ 100
~ 2 2 ?
t1'i5fi513S
L.;u £1
a -2ab+b = (a-bf
2
= (m- 10)
t1'i5a'i513S
""'
L.; u £1
a·- b 2 ?
= (a+ b)(a- b)
4/l- 9t = (2pq) 2 2
- (3t)
2
= (2pq + 3t)(2pq- 3t)
.
i~t;HS~ 1
"'
!:hRmSJl1321l:HLffl13dlthli9tl.lln~
2
n. x + lOx+ 25 fl. / -16y + 64
2
'\55. 4nl- 20mn + 25n
J..
'W. 81x 2 -64y 2
2
x +(a+b)x+ab = x"+ax+bx+ab
?
2
= (x +ax)+(bx+ab)
= x(x+a)+b(x+a)
= (x+a)(x+b)
2
x +(a+b)x+ab = (x+a)(x+b) (4)
""
~~~~~ 2
"' '
mnn&SJ11321b t[lil13dl t:l rn9tl.ll n~
n. i+8x+ 12
2. /-lOy+ 24
"' ""
i~ ~ ~ ~ 3 lit n E!JG ~ s fl~1 ~"Bls t s4 Qb~HU ttj13j6JntSJ113S~ tU')"BlS 91J.ndl fflt~ ha~
1
n. 2
x +4x+ D 2. i-6x+ D
fl. i+ O a + l '\55. 4a
2
- D a+9
71
PROEUS DARA
2 2
aex +(ad+ be)x + bd = aex + adx + bex + bd
= ax X ex+ ax X d + b X ex+ b X d
= ax(ex+d)+b(ex+d)
(5)
2
n. 6x -13x-15
ae bd ad+ be
a b ----- be
exd-- ad
ad+ be
4x
3
9 2 "ts x ttf1rum~tlMSltjtmmm:nhnn '1
u ll1 "' 6'1
n. 2/ + 3x + 1 2. 2x
2
- 13x + 6
~.
2
3a +5a+2
2 2
b. 8x 26xy + 15/ G. - 35x - 16xy + 12/
rlniSJlYBttn9 3 mtiru~nnnw
umusuruun
n u urui:in'tsnu
u
3
n. x + 27
= (x+3)(x 2 -3x+9)
2. 8a -l
2
= (2a) 3 -l 3
= (2a-1)(4a 2 +2a+ 1)
"" ""
l,~fH5~ tttRntSJ11:321tl~un1:3mn~ :
3 3
n. a + 27 2. 64x + 125
... 1 3
1000 11 3 - -p
UJ.
8
nuJtntiJil1t9Jfioilmnnrlnt~gmtiru~nnnw
I
2
2x - 5xy- 3/ + 3x + 5y- 2
2 2
2x -(5y-3)x-(3/-5y+2) = 2x -(5y-3)x-(y-1)(3y-2) <J
73
PROEUS DARA
2xy-l
2 -(y-l)(3y-2)
---·--
-(5y- 3)
y-l
1 -(3y- 2) -6y+ 4
-(Sy- 3)
2
2x -(5y-3)x-(3/-5y+2) = {2x+(y-l)}{x-(3y-2)} = (2x+y-l)(x--3y+2)
"' "'
l,~~~~ 1 ~Rllt2Jl152ibtLf'il1HhrHli9MRIT1
2 2
~ 2
n. x + 3 xy + 2 y + x- y- 6 2. 2x - 3xy- 2/ + x + 3y- 1
? 2
2. (x-+x+2)(x +x-3)-6
4 2 2
x -l3x +36 = X -l3X+36
= (X-9)(X-4)
= (x+3)(x-3)(x+2)(x-2)
(x 2 +x+2)(x +x-3)-6
2
= (X+2)(X-3)-6
= (X+3)(X-4)
= (x 2 +x+3)(x-+x-4)
?
2
n. (x-y) -4(x-y)+4
3
2. (a+1) +(a-l/
~ 4 2 2 4
1=1. X +X y -2y
74
PROEUS DARA
2 2 2
(a+b) = a +2ab+b
2 2
(a-b) = c?-2ab+b
2 1
(a-b)(a+b) =a -b-
? 2 ? ')
(a+ b + ct = a + b- + c- + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
(a+b)
3
= a3 +3a 2 b+3ab 2 +b 3
(a-b)
3
= a 3 -3a 2b+3ab 2 -b 3
2
(a+b)(a -ab+b
2
) = a3 +b 3
? '
(a-b)(a-+ab+b-) =a 3 -b,-
2
acx +(ad+bc)x+bd = (ax+b)(cx+d)
75
PROEUS DARA
= ru~ e; '*'""l):')\"*~~~~~~~'li<~~~~~Wlm~~~~~~~*"'""~~i%W:;t~~rrit~"ti'>.¥.%,~1;\l\W..'*'11181,~;,\\{ti\~}\t.))~<('J.\'Y8:®-tl'J).,~"<'""'&"{1,
0 •
n. A-B+ C
3. A-2B+3C
1:1. 3(-A+B)+2C
n. OM = OC = 2cm c 3.
AM= MB = xcm
100
X 1
X
A£...:......_-.~- _ ___,. B
M X
X-
3x+ 5 'li5.
1:1. x+l
x+2
- - - 7 X+ 3----lo-
3. n~-nnrSJ11:32lb'Lffl1:3 :
2
n. (2a-3b)(4a+5b) 3. (3x- 1)(x + 7 x- 5)
2 2
1:1. (x+l)(x-l)(x +1) '1.15. (2a- b + 3c)
2
G. (a-2)(a +2a+4)
4. n~nnt9j.l1:32lh~Lffl1:3
n. (a+b-3)(a+b+l) 3. (x+y-z)(x-y+z)
b. (x+2)(x-6)(x-8)(x+4)
76
PROEUS DARA
X X+ 1
x+2
x+S
f'l. lli.
2x
Sx
2
2. x - 11 x + 24
f'l. x(x-4)-5
2 0
G. X -X- y" -y
n. (x-y)(x-y+5)+6
~ 3 3
w. (2x-3) -(2y-x) G. i+xy-6/+5x+35y-36
17
PROEUS DARA
~fl7'if1iM
cl'
1 nb1tH'un~
..
niH~ 2
IJ
2 18 sb 3
I
18
18+3= =6 '1 !:lm2g
3 u
3dl~&'unt2I8
IJ
~mru I8dldru?1ru~h:.
I
3
Ol~Hri ttltRI3JnL~Hth A 2b B
W'i::f12nt2fl'i:3
IJ . ty'
Q
.
Hruf!:l
IJ
ru A= 13 x.Q
dru~:iMtSB
I
sh Q .'1 &l'iRMflhlUftH
A+B =Q
"'
~fl7ifliM2 ntlli5 x 2 -5x+4 = (x-l)(x-4) &2lg tl'itfln'2J1H x-1 dl~fun x-41tl
78
PROEUS DARA
2
6x + 5x- 4 3x+4
2
2x-1) 6x +5x-4
6i-3x 2x-l
6x 2 -3x f-(2x-l)x3x
Sx-4 3x+4
Sx-4
Sx-4 8x- 4 f- (2x- 1) x 4
0 0
"" ""
~~iUS~ 1 tg1_,ti'tf1M1firun~iH1_,ff113
2
n. (x + 6x-55) + (x- 5)
2. (6/-10i+/+6+7y)+(2y+3)
t~1_Y'tllrul4tHun
"' " ' " " Cl
(2x 3 -3x2 -x+4)+(2x 2 +2x-3) '1
2
2x + 2x- 3) 3
2x - 3i- x +
3 2
4
2x + 2x - 3x
-5i + 2x+4
2 15
-5x -5x+-
2
mh Q = x--5
2
79
PROEUS DARA
n. (4x-5)+(x+2)
3
R. (x -/+x-l)+(x+2)
2
2. (3x +2x+ 1)+(3x-4)
orn<n "'
nn
~ulutiu..~~S
eJ -. 4
&Gn (y -2y"-y+8) Sw (y -y-2)
? c::p~ 2
2
y + y+ 1
/-y-2) y
4
-2/ - y+8
4 3 ,
y - y - 2y-
l - y+ 8
3 ,
y - f - 2y
2
y + y+ 8
2
y - y-2
2y+ 10
tri99ruQls
1J
4
y -2/-y+8 = (/-y-2)(/+y+l)+(2y+l0)
"" ""
i,5~5~ 3 tgLli1:fHl.n1tH'un2lbtLm-e
2
n. (c/+7a-l)+(a +2)
80
PROEUS DARA
3 4 2 3 4
75x y = 3 X 5 XX X y
~ n 13J.tlli t!H]t'tH13'!§ih5 ~ €1 2b
nUH'i CUI a'i:H1.13'i5
l 1u
tl n
1.1'
' ' 0
cJ 0 °~ ? 3 4 "''-" 2 2
nmn~'i§ti'i5~o:Jn tS 75x y Sw 45x y '1
" 1.1 l
'!§Jlb wJ n n t Sj)'!§
ttflictl rl'i.fl?iCWl~'i§fi.Utltl?itS
2 2 3
3 X 5 X x
3
X/ = 225x 3/ 1 I 1.1 II 1
75x / Sb 45i/ '1
'tllSSfHu'i.Sn.Uthbt?i
U61U
'1
1ms
81
PROEUS DARA
B = 36x4y 2 "'....
St.J C = 90x6y 3 '1
x(x-l)(x+l) '1
2 I
X I (x -J) 1
I
x (x + 1)
X
~h 4x 2 -16
2
?1. 4x -2x-l2
82
PROEUS DARA
n. runnunt8J1YU1ffifi
v
e. M1_¥bl5Rt~Jl15'[Yfnl=i.
'\J
e '[Y'tfH1.ll~ th tl b fi f~J115'[Y fn R il ~ ~
Gl 1JfnriMS91~
"' ""
t'iSH15 A l=ith
d>
~runbtufi sb B ~th51tufi
\J
<J
ru<t5-eu rn m
~
mru run n tcll
~
bm
~
ri su ~ M<t5 m n
AxB' = A'xB
.
Axe A
BxC = B (B:;tO, C:;tO) '1 .•
""
-esffiuhl1}3rums <J
IJ
~ eJ
n
0 0 V t::::::\ eJ eJ 00 1
m trim fi51 runb &u fi s b mts
lJ
fi t i:h rur;lJ tu fia<t5u15
lJ
ti1 r;m hl t Sl g t?Jms fits\:t.
fl'ij'itifn?i
l.i
83
PROEUS DARA
2
-=
2(x-l) sb _3_ = 3(x+ 1) '1
x+l (x+l)(x-1) x-1 (x-l)(x+ 1)
.,. ""
~6~6~ 2 61L'B~ffit:itUtlt8rH8Jl1:7DJffit=1SiJli5'J2lbtLm'B :
u
~ x +x+1
2
n. 2 ~ 1. ..£ t:l.
x+ X- · yz ' zx ' xy x+y y-x
" ...
jfljfj
~Uffi
t_;
rt.n~GUn
U
8tl~Uffi
t_;
rt.n~ Gtint 2 n t 2tf'n1§'it5ffit:l
t_;
ti:HliffiSffit:l futl ti G m
« U
ffiGH 2I ~ n~n
6'1
ims
1. nL'B ~Lumt1 SiJ ru 'J l3Jffi2mt:i fub~'B '1
u
_ (x+8)(x+l)-(x+4)(x-l)
- (x+2)(x-l)(x+l)
1 1
x + 9x + 8- x - 3x + 4
= (x+2)(x-l)(x+ 1)
6x+ 12
= -:----=-:--::--~-:--~
(x+ 2)(x-l)(x+ 1)
= 6(x + 2)
(x+ 2)(x-i)(x+ 1)
6
'1
(x-l)(x+l)
84
PROEUS DARA
X x+2 4
fi. --2- 2. - +
- J X -1 x-2 -x
2
1 2a '155 x-2 1 x +x+3 '1
1=1. - +
1 +a 1- . x2 - x + 1 - x + 1 + x3 + 1
2
x-1 x+l
--4-
4
= - 88 -
+1 x+l x-1
0 ~ ~C» "?
Hli n [.Y'tfHI.fl ~ ur:p;1.ll SiHti fitS fit SJl'i:Hl d 1=1 n.fH1
Q el t::» Q
1 3 lx3 3 1 3 1 4 lx4 4 2
lX4= X =s l+4=2XJ=2X3=6=J '1
,; /,,,, '
2. ML13LUfitSJll3Lliffll'lS~li51 '1
w
2 2
x - 2x - 3 x - 4x + 3
'1
+4x+4
= (x + 1)(x + 2) '1
(x-l)(x-2)
,. ""
~~~~~ 1 1=1MSlntSJ113Lliffll=l2lhtUn13
2 2
x -49 x+2 2a - 1 a - 3a + 2
fi. --x- 2. 2
x--.,,--
i+2x x-7 a - 2a + 1 4a- - 1
3 2 3
... 2x + 7x + 6x 4x - 9x
UJ. 2 2
'1
3x +Sx-2 6x -llx + 3
1 a+2
X--
X 2
ML'e Ll.JfitSJ113Lliffll'l n. 2. ---,-- '1
w l-! a---
X a+l
85
PROEUS DARA
86
PROEUS DARA
1. 61L'l5~Ltimf.iGi~ru<JI3j'i:flSmf.it'i5~~'e '1
u
JY'i:fHl..n~a~n.n shJY'i:nM~fit'on
~ xf = A XC S~ ~ ~ f = ~X _!2 = A X D (B :;t: 0, C :;t: 0, D :;t: 0) '1
B D BxD B D B C BxC
""'
2. MlJbl5n&SJl'e'e5fflf.iS~t15'1 '1
IJ
= rum1~ -~*'-ll~~~~'1~~~~~~~
0 '
w ~:;;JMnn
1. d~'e5'i:fln.n1rifun:n~tLnl'e :
2. (a 4 +2a+ 5 -lOa 2 -4a 3)~ ( 5a+4-a)
3
n. (4x -3x-9)~(2x-3) 2
'1
f.i. Sb s~ 2x 2 + x-1
2 2 2
x + 7 x + 10 x - 25 'li5. x + 3x + 2
s~ -x -x + 2 x + 4x + 3 s~ x 2 + 3x
2 2 2 2
~- x -x- 2 13. x + x- 6
'
SJ. a
3
- 2a
2
, a
3
- 4a S~ a 3 - a 2 - 2a d. (y+z) 2 -x2
'
(z+x) 2 -y 2 "'~
S 2
(x+y) -z
2
'1
3. f.in.nm:n~tLm-e :
a -1 a 1 1 1 1 1
n. - --+- 2. - - - - - - - + - -
a a-1 a-l X x+l x+2 x+3
2
2x - l x+2 x +3
R. X- 1 -X+ 1- i -1
87
PROEUS DARA
ntftn 1
1. m~n~t1nt2nt2fl'i:jrJtflms'i:jru')2lbtHn'i:j
U W \j' 1 II W
~u~n.n~dbc!::Hmt~tldlbnm wm
II .{)
'"'-
U
"" '1
U1lr1
n. -6x3 + 11 ntsn'i:jtSg'l:lls _____ ni::imsgtJdl _______
\.t' II U
2. (2/+5y-3)-(3/-3y+6) = (2/+Sy-3)+(-/+- y- - )
2 2 2
= (-Y +-Y )+(-Y+-y)----=-Y +-Y--
3 2 3 2
R. (- 4a + 2a - Sa)+ (5a -7a + 3a + 4) = - - - - - - -
2 2
ill. (13c -9c-6)-(8c +5c+4) =
2 2
b. (6n + 4) + (3n 3 - 3n + 2n) =
0 ., ..
3. ttllflShl~nm mmgl.Y'l:lln.fl~tii::in 2xy-3yz+4zx
<I 0
ttJmsms'i:jnts fl'i:j9"Jb t s g'Um rum sb 9 9 rums 2yz+zx-2xy "'
<j m~n11£13ti5 ""
"' ;j' ./>
u "' II u ""
~13U1~ '1
u
n. i -x2 y- 30x/ 3 2
2. p - p q- pq + q
2 3 2
8. x + ax- bx- 3ab
88
PROEUS DARA
~. i-2(a-l)x-2a+ 1
2n -n
6. r}J;mg a"= 3 fJ~H)G'i~~~S azn -a-n '1
a +a
nt11n 2
1. 13ml:nm~-emn
u tfl .....,
J3+J6+J3-J6 = J6+2J3 nG'i'i
l 1
n. x--1 3. X
2
+2 f:l. X
3
-3 '1
x X X
40 + l7J5 = a+bfs
4. ~nnss~sms a stl b ftirutclltlm6'i~-emn '1
w -;,;J .; 2+Js
3
a
5. d5tinntsn-eridf:1Mn p ri _x_ tS"JgniJtlmsrusqjruu\52tl
'j' X+ 1 "' "' X+
Q Q\ Q Q\ 0
s tl nt s' jn-e
'
ndMl.fl G1 p '1 t ru tl ~ s
....
G1 a dl 13 sst
w G~ '1
6. 1:J~f:lru!Slni:SJ1'B:rli:HLnl'B :
2 2 2 2
n. (a+ b + c) + (b + c- a) + (c +a- b) +(a+ b- c)
2. X- Z y- Z + X - y
(y-z)(x-y) (x-y)(z-x) (z-x)(y-z)
2
a 2 -be
2
b - ca c - ab
?'i. + + '1
(a+b)(c+a) (b+c)(a+b) (c+a)(b+c)
7. ttl Adl d ru 9ru1 n~~s nt SJ1-emtl t1Jii'B :
2 3 2
n. x\x-1)+ 1Lt' (x-l)-42x(x-l) 3. x (2x-1)+4x (2x-l)-2lx(2x-l)
2
b. 2x /(xy + 1) + 3xy(xy + 1)- 9(xy + 1) 13. 2
2x (2- y) + xy(2- y)- 10/(2- y)
89
PROEUS DARA
3 2
3x + 8x - l3x- 30 '1
n. tjjtsfclnft:lruJJn x+3
.:; "' u
11. Llif~ but ru;r ru tSu~tfflrt.fl fnb\1 rut ru f159 9b 3 f<J~R '1 1Y hl 2 dj lit ru;r ru d~i 8 b~b
2 f<J~R sbg9bnrum 1
1 f<J~R ~r:ng&rubmsh'i~nsmf~hn '1 imlif~btHrunru
~~ ~· ~~ ~ n
sb9'9b '1
'(YHUM~UH8g'i:fl2'i:fl~t~Sb 3
w + 10w + l6w '1
2
ts g l=1rtl 9L13i1 bS mi:HflH:l b1_!i9 2 ~s tl=1li~ ru~;tl rulJi~lfH~ tlJUllMQ"b fi'Ul=1rul S1H1
u 1
c:, 0 Q) 0 ~
i:§s~13 f51~trl£fH ru{§ fnH S8'i:Jl8 MHJ::n Shll'f::lltl 6Jbl=1H'iaijl fd!Eb ~ flJD x ttJm
1
rh mg a = 0 ' J6 = 0 'i
= J906 i
2
= -30
0 •
93
PROEUS DARA
... ...
i,5~5~ fiMm
n.
'li5. ~
.r-36
,r-:8
~- F-54
b. ,J-18 X ./-3
fl.
tl.
n 5
f-S(J-:16- J=-IO) '1
GS:::l
U
2+3i 'l-4i rtlru'i:flS 2, 3, 1,-4 r:tlGSSthmrrlm
U
GSSR~tl'1
U IGV
iw~~W t3ss?i~tl
U·tGV
?ir:nt3ss&'tlru'i:flS91'i§tl
1J L.;
a+bi ttlru
a sb b r:tlossilfi
IJ
'1
MMGSSR~tl
! IJ IGV
fflbtt!lliJHf'l'i~
ij
([; '1 9'i'i§tlhltltiltSGSSR~tlMHhl~
L.; 61 IJ IG\1
a+bi ftlru'i:flS
a r:n " &onnn" sb
~
b r:n" tdns@fi" '1
~ 01
n. 3-J-:16
~- J:45 + J25
fl. -J:9 '1
94
PROEUS DARA
n. X+ 5 = 0 =>X = -5 2. 3x + 1 = 7 => x = 2
8y = 0 => y = 0 y- 1 = -3 => y = -2
tltHS8
u
x = -5 ,y =0 '1 tlmsg
u
x = 2 , y = -2 '1
2 f17 tn UIJJ"' 2
"" ""
~i5~5§ inn~~r3~snn a sb b &t]~ji3Jft5~ffitl2lbtun~nn :
fl. (5-H)-(a+bi) = 6 2. (6+5i)(a+bi) = 38-9i '1
95
PROEUS DARA
2
n. (2-i)(-H) = (2-i)·(-3i) = -6i+3i
= - 6i- 3 = - 3- 6i '1
2
2. (2-i)(4+3i) = 8+6i-4i-3i
"" ""
iSiiH.Sfi n. (2+7i)+(4-3i) 2. (2- 4i)- ( 1 - i)
t:f
0~
:?fl7tnUlJ7 nssn
0
u l6V
n crssl9nnmn5
w l6V
rHl5r:'i1 n..n
""
2 2
4 -Si 4 + Si 4 +5 = 41
2 2
1 + 2i 1- 2i 1 +2 = 5
-2 = -2 + Oi -2 = -2- Oi 2
(-2) +0 =4
2
i =0+i -i = 0 i 02 + 12 =1
96
PROEUS DARA
5 2 + 3i
n. 2. '1
3- 2i
5 5(3+2i)
n. 3- 2i = (3- 2i)(3 + 2i)
= 15 + lOi = 15 + lOi = 15 + 10 i (
32 + 22 13 l3
2 + 3i = C2 + 3 i)C 4 + 2 i) ( i:iMsbussR~umnHsm!=l
4-2i (4-2i)(4+2i) l !.1 l<N""
2
8 + 4i + 12i + 6i 8 + 16i- 6 2 + l6i
4 2 +~')2
0
tum: c+dii:-0
n. 3 + 2i 2.
3
1:1.
3 -4i
'i
2+
4-2i m+ +
= -2- + ---"----'-
m-3 .
= m+5
--+
2
l
«
i
tlut88m-3=0 'i5m=3'1
u ""
3+i m-1 m+5 m-3
-+-- = +
i+i l-i
97
PROEUS DARA
2 2
- 2x
16
tibrtmru9mtw'8b = 8-x(m) '1
" "' "'
=b ""...
2'W Mi3fil~(x+b)
"" 2 =n
fl11315L'tfllits8trtm9 n55bmsM~fm
-x)= 12 '1
w "
';:5 ""' "
-8x+l2 =0 &t:iru'tflSwbLn921:SH~G'l x
<.1
Q ~ ~ fQ;I ~
"'
M13filHsg~:'iJlimM13fil~~::JtLn92 ts x '1
""
Mi3nl$ -3x-4 = o
2 2
+ 8x = 0 3x - 4x + 4 = 0 , x 4 = 0
8x + 12 = 0 '1
PROEUS DARA
0
mmg x =2
0
2
mmg x = 6 6 - 8 X 6 + 12 =0
"' "" 1
i,~~~~ r~tu~fmrun~HtHu~ll1~~tLn'92 Qi'lthrun'tH15~ll1~Zli'ltLll115
1
2
n. x(x-2) = 3 2. 3x +x-2 = x(3x-2)
0
mmg x = -2
g. ~uun:LruH1H\1trfflia1Ui9 2
td'in9fli'Ufflr1G
& LJ iJ ·u ~
t~Sb
~
!2 x 192 = 96cm 2
12cm 'i
99
PROEUS DARA
(16-4)(12-4) = 96 ~ 12x8 = 96
96 = 96 "'rtn '1
2
n. x - 2x - 8 =0 2. x(x- 2) = 35 '1
(x+2)(x-4) = 0
x+2=0 t{x-4=0
X = -2 t{x=4 '1
X= -2 , 4 '1
2
2. tRQI2 : x -2x = 35
2
x -2x-35 = 0
(x -7)(x + 5) = 0
x-7 = 0 t{ x+5 = 0
X= 7 ~ X= -5 '1
"" ""
~~~HS~ ttfHLnnrutu~fm21htLfil13
100
PROEUS DARA
ttlru'HlS'iHruTltiJ'i'U~~b
n w 80m stu:rgb 45m '1 m649m
~
UlfUi&~sb&~iJiWGFnHmfittl~ '1
t~Ulwljnl:'lu61tfilru!tni'lt~~F~Ui9Jlrldli'lfilt~
2 2
tl"iUIS x = 45 X 80 = 3600m
? 0 r:;-;;-;;;;
x- = 3600 Sli3J x = ±..J3600 = ±60 '1
0
t tll ru x > o Sli3J x = 60m '1
0 . u
~msg ufilJril:'lfiltHSlgUl'l'Hls~i'l1_?&~b 60m '1
u 1
2
n. x
2
- 6x + 9 = 16 2. (2x + 1) = 5 '1
""'
tit'i:HJJ
""
2
2. (2x + 1) = 5
(x-3) = 16
2
2x+ 1 = ±JS
x-3 = ±Jl6 2x = -1 ± J5
x-3=4 'Ux-3=--4 X
-1 ±
= ------'-
J5
"'- 2
x=7 'Ox=
"'-
1 '1
= 7, -1 '1
-1 +
--2-'--
Js -1- J5
X X= 2 '1
101
PROEUS DARA
n. i +9 =o 2. 2(3x-5/+32=0 '1
n. x +9
2
=0 2. 2(3x- 5) + 32
2
=0
(3x-5/ = -16
2
n.(x-2) 2 = 10 2. 3(5x+4) -81 = 0
i'1. (y- 3 ) = -5
2
li5. 7+25(2y+3)
2
=0 '1
rufJw6V
ti'1H1~1::ilAHb21l:Htitlt2hl~fi1Hhfil~H9m
lj A <I <I
tt:ilrurunmi'1M
1
6 'f2 x tGn'2tl
u
Q1 1 Q1 OQ!':t Q1
2 1Jwtruntilfilt~ t5Slti't5nt5ntruHb9lbrlH2hl't5fi1~
C: U A
'1
~i'1Ln2 2
x +6x+GY = 7+(~Y
i+6x+9 = 7 +9
2
(x+3) =16
X + 3 = ±Jl6 = ±4
x+3=-4
· :. '~\1fi£tJ(~f r~rut11mt~l2.mAn~ru
'1 ttll rutf'1Ln2 x2 +b;+(~f =
2
n. x + 4x + 5 = 0
102
PROEUS DARA
2 2
x + 4x = -5 3x -5x = 4
2 5 4
x - 3x = 3
(x+2) =-l
2
i- ~X+ (-~)2 = ~ + 25
3 6 3 36
X +2 = ±,J-1 = ±i (x-~r = ~~
x+ 2 = ±i X-~=
6
+m
- 6
t:ltm:~g
u
x=-2±i '1 X =~+J73'1
6- 6
fi. i + 5x + 2 = 0 2. x(2x + 3) = 6
lli. x
2
- lOx + 25 =0 cr. x
2
- 4x + 8 =0 '1
""
t!::iULnDl15f'd'8ffiS ax 2 + bx + c = 0
t~'8j5Jm~H'8f1M x t~~~ 1
2
t?itun
Hbmbmsb
0 "" ""
a '1
"' ,, ' ' ....
:·.·~/·' .. -~·''\<·~<·,·:·,~:···.:.
"' .., "'
_ c:)' ', ~·· ~
b c e;
2
x + -x+-
a a
=0 • .n rul t'H1 t.~~N f'd'i§ filHll'tHlt}!2 Nl3
~: :·1 '1,',•)
b
2
X +-X
a
= --ac
2 2 • 2 fl51!11' p.nh .
~~ tiid~J
b ( b)
2
x + ~ + 2a = - ;c + ( 2ab ) " ,, t
2 2
x + .!!...) = b - 4ac
( 2a 4az
103
PROEUS DARA
2
x :=: __ .!:_ + Jb - 4ac
2a- 2a
~ QHQi
ffi'i§~NUl'tlMb L1
D
= b2 -4ac
0 c::v ~ 0 ~
-b+JA
x 1 == 2
.a ' x2 = -b-:JA
2a !
b
0
(2) tHmz A== o t81ZM'e'nl~'l:fi2~N~t5
""
x1 =
.·
x,
-
= ...,-
2a
"1
- b + F-b.i - b- f:/J.i
xl ==
2a ' x2 = 2a "1
!l ? r (} ? ?
9L'e'u ax-+2bx+c == 0 !:L:Hliffi8Ll == 4b'--4ac == 4(b'--ac) '1
- d1 11'<0 M~nl~ffiS'iJMrl~mfi.ssRaumn.hn ?f
"'\..? W }GV GV c:t
xl = -b'+Ui {[
x,- = -&'-Ui
a
"1
cr
2 971113 nn 1 ttn gLnnliHu~ m~ 21t1 'Lm"et mru 'lY~u"e ~
2
n. 9x2 - l2x + 4 = 0 2. 2x - 4x + 5 =0 "1
2
n. 9x - 12x + 4 = 0
104
PROEUS DARA
2
-(-12)±/c=l2) -4(9)(4) 12±J6 12 2
x= = =-=-'1
2X9 18 18 3
2
X = - '1
3
2
2. 2x - 4x + 5 = 0
4 ± J-724.
2
-(-4) ± ,Jc-4) -4(2)(5)
X = 2(2) = 4
n. x 2 -6x-7 = 0 2. 3i- 5x + 1 = 0
2
lli. 4x + 3x + 2 = 0 '1
2 2
n. x - 2x + 1 = 0 2. 2x + 5x- 4 = 0
?1. 16x
2
- 40x + 25 'HIS a = 16 , b = -40 , c = 25 '1
2
lli. 5x - 3x + 4 'HIS a = 5 , b = -3 , c = 4 '1
2
t?'i(f!S D.= (-3) -4(5)(4) = -71<0 '1
105
PROEUS DARA
2
n. x - lOx+ 21 =0 2
2. 2y + 12y + 19 =0
2
'!55. y -20y+5l == 0 '1
tuf1w 2
x +(m-8)x+m = 0 (1)
""
2
- mmg
• 0 . .
m = 0 M't3ffU: (I) Ltfldl
"" . ,.,..
X - 8x = 0 'i
8x = 0 ~ X( X- 8) = 0 ~
2
x - X = 0 , X- 8 ::: 0 =::} X ::: 0 , X = 8 'j
- 8rmg = 2 M~fna
(1) t94dl x -6x+2
m
2
=0 t?ilf12 Ll' = (3/-2 = 7>0
=}X=-
b•+f'i:i .
-A/Ll :::3±J7 '1
a
2
- mmg 0 "" . ,.,.. ?
m '=.4 hl'efn~ (1) Lt~dl x"-4x+4 = 0 ~ (x-2) == O=*x = 2 'i
r::;-;
2
k -36 =0 =::}
?
k" = 36 'l5 k = ±,;36 ::: ±6 'i
~
'::1 I!) 0 ~ )
2. ~nm~ k ttJbliSl!3Jn513ff1~ 4x--2kx+k+3 = o Yl2YM4'l5 'i
man'l5hl~utSl g 'i
U "' I
106
PROEUS DARA
ft. fi
ntii:lms
a + B= ~ - IS. + - b + IS. = -~ '1 "ruaru~ru{§m~~q_!)'92 tthru
2a 2a a
nnrutiru
t=): ~
tilfH91
u 9sui9si:l~t1i:ltihl Si:l&'tHHl.fl
~ i
"tShl~fll~wq.~g
"" 'iS "" 2
2
ax + bx + c = 0 , a ::f. 0
cr
ZfT!tnUUI 1
n. x
2
- l3x + 42 =0 2.
2
2x + 3x- 7 =0 '1
tJtfJtJJ
~
n. mms a+ B = - ~
a
= -13 a!) = a~ = 42 '1
lit SJl~ 2l b r0 -
n. a+~
1 1
3
~
n.J'i5flli (1) tns a+ B=
2
sb a!) = -2 '1
8 107
PROEUS DARA
+ 8x+ 3 =0
n. + 2. +
illS -- Sx + 6 = 0 -5x+ 6 = 0
~
v 2x3
2'+3
ill~ ax + bx + c
2
=0 'l X= tfiQIS a+b+c =0 'i
"" ill~
a+ b + c = 0 hl'e
""sb x, = -c = - 9
- 'i
- a 2
3x- 8 = 0 'i
mm
..,__, a b+c = 5 + 3-8 = 0 '1
""' 3
n. 1:h gHDltJJ hl"e fm -·Ll. - - X--
=o 'l
G x 2 x+
0 '
nflJH'l
PROEUS DARA
fi.
H'\'i::fll:Hu-@fll~ +bx+c = 0 ttlbli'i::flS a Sb [3 ctlyn5 '1 t?iQ!Sffi't§"gS"JiJgsbyf15
""Sbb'tl"?irul a+~=--b , c
a~=- '1
1 a a
ax-? + bx + c =a (
a
x'' + bx + ;c)
= a(x--a)(x-~) '1
~G'!lfiUuJ 1 1:l1RntSJl'tl"'tltLn'9 2
2
6x + l3x-5 ctlrlm?jruln~ '1
""
tJt'jJW t?ittllgLfl.llli5f15'tl"m~
""
6x-? + i3x-5 = o r:Slgr:?ir:nsyf15 x1 = 1 "'sb x" =- 5 '1
3 2
t?iQ!S 6x +
2
l3x-5 = 6(x-~) ·[x (- ~)]
= 6 · (x- D-( x + ~) = (3x- 1 )(2x + 5) '1
n. 2x2 3x- l
!;] L.l b8 o
"'""' 0
2x 2 - .., U -
. 1 :::: "(
L X- 3+ J0)(
4
X - 3-- J0)
-4- 'j
2 2
n. 2x +x 21 2. 2x -- llx + 12
2
?i. x + 2x- 1
109
PROEUS DARA
ur. uttlnrutJmtfitUn9
n
2Utunnnrutiruun 8iltiruftnnuru A l/ I .J
aj3 = ~ = 4 '1
a
2 2 2
a +j3 = (a+j3) -2aj3 = 32 -2x4 = 1
2 2 2 2
a j3 = (aj3) = 4 = 16 '1
H1rl~BSfHI:llllifuHUtlruurH~Sb
lJ , R U --1
20 sbtlrum1.fH~Sb
I --1
51 '1
20
t{j Sb x 2
ti1GSSglbfiHSlg {Xl +Xz =
lJ X 1X 2 = 51
tFiQIS S = 20 , P = 51 '1
u
2
x -20x+51 = 0 !!..' = 49.>0
110
PROEUS DARA
tf.1i:UJ~tn.rrHIJUlt15hl~flls~t1_!19 2 hlL'tflli
n:tHLtu~ruthrun9 hl.gfll~~ t1_!19 2 Hrl fi'l'i:3~'Ull ~
qy1 rhry b '] ~~ 13jH:tlZ Lnn ru
0 0 "' ~ ~ oJ
~uQtltHrungr.,nnrumrun9tU'i:3fll~wt1_!191 tta '1
1 crt run 9tti nHnRsb sb hl~flla~ t1_!1
2
tf.'JU12 x(x + 8) = 128 '\:1 x + 8x- 128 = 0
ctfl-bttuf
11 &
d5 x =8 , x + 8 = 16 bf.'!U18 x(x + 8) = 8 x 16 = 128 '1
dJ X = -16 , X+ 8 = - 16 + 8 = -8
tf.'!UlStHrun ru
n
x + 10 = 30 + 10 = 40m '1
cJ' I~ ~·
'U Hl5 'i:fl nt (fl Hf'l j;lHl H1.H\.fl 2
I
t94 nb9
"'
n ~b'i:3
~ w
ru m'i:39 ft5 rLi5 H~t:H'i521b
u u
rul'i
G1
I
tlmsg
u
2
-St +40t+SO == o 'i5
~
sl-40r-so == o
i-8t--l0 == 0
t == 4 ±J26
8 == 4+ f26 'i Ctllt15 t?:O
- AjLIJ
112
PROEUS DARA
GSJl
'1
a+
b :=: '1
" ju'i:fln.n113tJ
u
n +bi)-(c+di) = c)+
a+ bi
c+
2. n:llg1fl1lmm·i:Hlinb1Jl:munm
J g ....,
: b mdss~fi
u
d5 = b ~m =
?
x-+hx+l
(
= (x+
l3
PROEUS DARA
-b-~
Xz = 2a
n. 3 -i-4- J~ 2.
n. - 8 + 6i = a+ bi 2. a+ bi + (J4.- ~) = - 1- 6i
lli. (2 + i)
3
b. 2 + 3i
--?._+-.
i
2--.)/ l-1
8. 2{~-2)
2i- 1 i + 2
'1
n. 2
(x-1) -S(x-1) = 0 2. ( 8"r
y+ + 49 =0
1'1. 5 Jsx
2
- lOx+ J5 = 0 lli. ·-~X+~ = 0
3 6
b.
?
3iy--y+2i = 0. 8. l )2 + -1 -3)-2(2x-3) =0 '1
114
PROEUS DARA
"' 2
~ f11f17 i fl[J
2x-y-5z=3 (l)
5x- y + 14z = -11 (2)
l 7x-2y+9z = -5 (3)
3x+l9z=-ll
-3x-l9z = 17
n.
rx+y-3z
2x- 3y + 2z
= 11
= 9 2.
r+2y = 5
y + 2z = -1
X+ y + Z = -3 z + 5x = 7
117
PROEUS DARA
Llirl~W~ff'lHSg ~UtHiH15Yfn~~t'{!i9 1
I
Lnnrultin~w~m~~bl_!i9 1 sbw~fm
~tLn'92
y = X -l
{ X 2 +y 2 = 13
2
x +(x-1) 2
= 13 ~ 2x 2 -2x-12 =0 ~
?
x--x-6 =0
n:tuLnnruw~m~~tLn'92 tSI2t?1Ql2 x = -2 , 3 '1
"" x
m = -2 t m g ( 1) y = -3
~u x = 3 & mg c1) y = 2 '1
2
x - 0 y = (1)
{y = 2-x (2)
118
PROEUS DARA
.,. ""
t_~~~~ 1 tt1HLnnru,y~~~~flll~b~1Jl113 :
n.
y =X+ 2
2.
Y = J3x 1!1.
X+ y = 25
• '1
? 2
{ x- + y = 10 {
X
2 ?
+ y- = 48 { xy = 150
/). = .1089 = 33
2 t = 135 ± 33 '1
2
- 135-33-51
X!- - Y1 = 135-51 =' 84 '1
119
PROEUS DARA
tu't3filHtH1.H1lw
"" " !.. tth ru : ( ntnmn::i
I
" ru'i:fls
i=1n.flnff1'1
1 "
4 2
2x -3x -x+2 = 0 dltu@ms!jtLn'94 '1
R
& }fltH f:j')g uul ru hlU filHU ffl u~ ftHrltij 1
r:nst!:hrumsthfi thdrui=1Mnffi
I G'l
'1
2
X - 1 = 0 ti x + X + 1 = 0
""
X = 1 ti X = - l ± J3i '1
"" 2
~ETJU?UW 3 ti:Jlglnnrutu@m~ 3
x + 3x
2
- 4x -12 =o '1
rufJtJJ i + 3x
2
- 4x- 12 = 0
"'
(x +3x )-(4x+l2) = 0 tl'iffiuff!Rthn~
3 2
r:ns x2 (x+3)-4(x+3) = 0
( x + 3) ( x
2
- 4) =0
(x+3)(x+2)(x-2) = 0 '1
""' ""
tu't3filS'i:f1Sut~ru x = -3 , -2, 2 '1
~£nU?Uln 4 ti:Jlglnnrutu@ms x
4
=1 '1
120
PROEUS DARA
0 ? 0
i = t Sl f3J t"- 1 = 0 Sl f3J t = ±1 '1
"" 2
t'i5 t == X = -1 ~Slg X = ±i '1
~l='ilf18 l-2t-8=0
""
t'i5 t = x" = 4 => X ± 2
?
'1
"" .,
1,~ t;HS ~ 1 L
t l:!l g hflliHt5 ~ flU 2l tH LfD'B
Fl. = 8
3
2. x -9x =0
ti./-13/+36 = 0
5 '
l:l. y = 25/
., "'
t,~~~~3 = x4 +3i-l2x2 +2x+4 sh =x 4 3 2
tl='if3J f(x) g(x) +2x -8x +x-2
121
PROEUS DARA
I ~ 0
'
aHu x '1
si:i19Mu9nffl
l.i " >1
ti':'lQIS /(2) = 23 -5 X 2 + 6 = 4
f(i) = i -5i+6
3
= 6-6i '1
3
d5tf:'liDnmSJl'ijf(x) = x -5x+6 GGnSi:l
3
x-2 ti':'lQIS x -5x+6 = (x-2)·(x2 +2x-1)+4
ti':'lfO,braillmm
n "-"
/(2) =4 '1
-Sx +6 ~
t~m~&Ln'9 1 x-a &Sill ti':'lQIShlMbl.h:nti~s x3 -2x2 Ii + 2x- 1
Sx
to J '1 2x
2
- 4x
-x+6
-x+2
0 '
f:'iJtf:'liDn q(x) r:hl:lrufumnb f(x) Sb x--a l:tDID R r:hMnn c~m G'i"\QIS9Sln
l::lmsz
u
f(a) =R '1
122
PROEUS DARA
3
f(x) = x + 3x + 4 '1
""
fLJ'i:H11S X- 2 = 0 'i:llS'U fL5 x =2 '1
"'
3 3 2
n. (x +2x-12)+(x+l) ?i. (2x + x - x + 7) + (x + 2)
f(a)=O+R
123
PROEUS DARA
1 m
uffJW
If!)
ffitl f(x) = i- 3x2 + 4x + p
3
f(2) = 2 - 3 X 2- + 4 X 2 + p
?
=0
bf:'iUJS4+p=O
.
'i5p=-4 '11:ltHsg
u ~
p=-4 '1
0 '
x-3 'i:flSMMill 9 '1
GHnNrtf!rumnintnm
tJ l
f(x) tun'Sb (x-2)(x-3) '1
ttH15'i:flS~C~n'f3tl5
l.,~ u
'i5fi'Gdlb'sg
'-!:!.. u
H'lffiGMHM~
0 I I C$
tlmsg
IJ
MM&lH'i5hlrJU!tnf(x)
1
?i 4x-3 '1
"" ""
i,5t;i5~ n. ~sn2fi'Jt-Hrum ,~mspmnt~~Lrn'emutunrncist~ x-3 ~~9? '~ x+ 3
nm!s
£l
ntnmrnb
1
t m g15 w?
~
.,
- 2x- -5x + 6
124
PROEUS DARA
• ~H:l1 ~EHu-HnutJ
n
t'irHUI:lltb
v ~
fd
nbthn.mg
tm ru f(-2) =o tsu f(x) ~Gnmcisb x + 2 "'1
4 2
filYW n. mb f(x) = x + / - 6x +X+ 3 'j
""
= 0 n:ng f(x) tGnl:llGSb x-1 QISr:lru~Gn g(x) =
2
&l:llti5 f(l) + 2x -4x-3 '1
1::\msg
u
f(x) = (x-l)(x+ 3)(x -x-l) '1
2
125
PROEUS DARA
2
f(x) = 0&218 (x-l)(x+3)(x -x-l) = 0
X =l ' X=-
3 '
x=l±Js'1
2
~msz tu~ffl~'i:flsm~ru x
... ...
= -3 , 1
1± J5 '1
2
4
~- mtl 3 2
f(x) = 4x -4x -9x +x+2 '1
dl9t9intlmH!:h8Hinru
U"" l.j
tu~m~~t,ns
l.j
3 r:f:lmtmm
"'-"
m~ru~ru'i§tl
6VlJOI!J
wr:tfirur:mturu
I
""' ~""' 1
1.:,5 aHs r: !:h gLnn ru hl~ ma21 tl 'Lm~
~- i- 2x
2 2
n. x
3
- 3x - 8x- 4 = 0 - 4x + 8 =0
4 3 2
lli. x +x· -x +x-2 = 0
~.x -5x-6=0
4
d. 5x 3 - 3x 2 - 32x- 12 = 0 '1
126
PROEUS DARA
~stnnrtlmiaiunnhnthuJ
1n n
(b+l+a)+(2a-18)i = 0
t?'IQIS a+b+l=OSh2a-18=0
x- 2 = 0 ti
'-'-
x
2
- 2x + 5 =0 '1
!:lmsg
u
x =2 ; 1 ± 2i '1
X X
!
I
-------------- I
I
I I
I I 8cm
I I
I I
I !
X X
mri ~ b HH~l_,n m tu &su 3r:m fi
I
12cm
tit run
n
rush ggb m'i:3d n.nu
1
1
( !:lmti)
u u
t ~'i:3~toctl'itiH'li'i:3
~ & G u
ru f!:l ru'tfls nl:r1m
G
ru ri ftir; fnb '1
127
PROEUS DARA
( 12-
0
ti5-Hnu~t'in'91
G
1:flsu~-amr;dmu~~r;dlm~sf15-@m~~~'in'91
m Ylcti n L) dJ LJ
tnsu~Hm5'1
m
'i
~ l ~
0
eJ ..::v r::J 0
st~tlstu'i
IJ
~~ 0 t ~ 0 1 cJ <:::::)
128
PROEUS DARA
x + y + z"= 6 'x+y=3
Fi. f3 y- V- .)Z =0 2. y+z =5
llz+x=6
lx-2~+5z= 1
~+~+~ = 9
X y Z
~- ~ + 3 == 9
r2x + v =5
?1. ill. i ? •?
X y Z lx" + y· = 25
l 1 3
- +--- == -9
y z
3x + 2y = 5 3x + 2y = 6
~. { x 2 + 2xy + 2y 2 ti. { 9x 2 -4y 2 = 108
=5
4 3 2
?i.
2
- 2x -15 =0 ill. x + 8x + 9x - Sx--10 == 0
eJCp 0 1 ~ eJQp C I
4. !:ltnm p(x) btin8~ x-1 tfl80.Hl.llbl54 ttnli5 p(x) htin8~x-3 ffi2Mbl.Ilbl510 <J
1
129
PROEUS DARA
n. rurm
!!)
tlum:
u
5>-2 '-3<7 '-3:S::a '424 'a<b,
3. runB :i rutum1
130
PROEUS DARA
.,
m a>b c~n a+c>b+c ' a-c>b
- d5mtJMHbilb'rla'fs1tu'ijffln~sgsb
1 ~
3 tmns 12>-9 'i:fls 9nHf:tif:lo1M~ffH1
u
- dhtitJMHbilbri&'fs1tu'ijmn
1 ~
(2) si'.l -3 mms -12<9 ms 9Nwi~run1M~ ~
I
mm~~ '1
"" "" 0
i~~~§ Gmtnmturrn
u rn >
"'-.')
'i5
"'-
< Qb 1.Y mhn b t Lfil'ij
"' I
131
PROEUS DARA
., ~LngLnnru1 hl{§fil~m'i:HubJfi
"'
4
BL-..------'C
X
mb x mG ~ s U1 ~ dn 'i
u
'-_tn_~_,_~~-1-hl_{§_m_d_~_tu_n_9
m{§(;;\) t15 nHd1 hl{§ fild ~'ifiU
m_s_~_ru_H_~_~_m
__l __A
Ax+B>O ttJru
~ ~~! s ~-Hlll
Sbs _ g _ L ~
___ ~
B mGssrlGl'i
~ ftH15 tGGltj
lJ
_ ·
G·{~ hl{§ fill~~
_____JJI
3. :tMtulrutlnuBttn9 1 ffiSJjtunypn
t?lHlG tt,ti rnQrrn :~ M15mr~ Qtl m~ t mgt,hflru~ M~ m~ '1 ~ritm gt,Nlru'tfla rnQ rrn:
I
2x > -26
x>-13 '1
~ Cl.1 0 0 ~
t:lmsg Jfd15filJ'tf18fdrultH15li5 {xlx>-13} ~ xE (-13, +=) '1
u a 6\1 -
--~~r-~1---+1--~1--~1---+1--~1--~~
-13 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
cr
~EntnUlfl 2 n:hgl,Nlli51fd~f!1J 5(y-3) 7y2::4(y-3)+9 '1
""'
tJt'f!W 5(y 3) 7y2:: -3)+9
- 2y- 15 2:: 3
-2y-15-4y2:: -3-
6y- 15 2::-3
-6y 2:: 12
y:::::-2 '1
-1
133
PROEUS DARA
"
2 fl1 ffl UU1 3 tHhLi1StOtrHu'i52~21m
U I! 1.1 I a>
'1 Slb99blili12tlSU~211tl~'i5b~
1.1 <0 I a> U
89 , 92 sb
I
82 '1 t~'i5munlfil~nsfntu~2~mubt'ifilrutiSls
lJ
t~~1tH1li5Li1S~U1~tS Cl S<0 tn tumb'i52~2
U <0
u
1 a> I
1
1--1 1..1 V 1.1 I
I
tihb~m~sb
--1
9o '"~
4(89 + 9~ + 82 + x) 2 4 X 90
n. 3x-4<7x+20 2. (x-2)>
3 - 6
6 8 li5 2x-63x+2
R. 8+-y<-y+12 . -5->-5- '1
5 -5
mmgx=4 ,J(4)=3x4-9=3
~ ~ ~ ~~
tw~JhlnJlhlbJJH~m f(x) = 3x-9 t?lLnn.iJ f(x) = 0; 3x-9 =0 tSlg x =3
~ u
134
PROEUS DARA
X i_oo 3 +oo
f(x) = 3x-91 +
wnnturrnL:JtHnftantmg~:gm
u· ~ u c::t 4
g(x) = -5x+2 '1
0 . . b
utmg&gm
()
f(x) = ax+ b 't::flSl X=.,.. -:
·. a
ffi'UM
"'
.·
b
X -00 +oo
f(x)
m. nn :uuurr'l n.n1numtHUffi1t~mBttn~
-....
1
f(x~>O ~-oo
-2 +oo
I
0 +
I
135
PROEUS DARA
fil1:Hildli:J f(x) > 0 fflb15Ml X> -2 'i5 x E ( -2, -'-co) 'i
"'-
u.1mamnbn.nmwm :
~ "
~-oo
-2 +co
g(x;>O + Q
291U7iM 1 tn;4sucid:iun~~wn't3runbm'i
u " i-J" w l
2(x+7)>20 (1)
{ 7x<42 (2)
1 n;{Jmasr1b n~~mmi'Snm
n A"'
'i'ij~ s~ n;{Jnu
t_; "'
I
136
PROEUS DARA
tfitn2 2x+l4>20<==>2x>6<==>x>3"'
~~"d x ti:Jru!:~~f.t16'lltl'iHiln~~tij~fil1
<N <4 lJ c:tct
,..::;
(1) S~ (2) ""
fi 3<x<6 'i
'- 1
tH~ rumnhtirl
@J t_;
8~
d3
M~filjfi x ~ -1 rt:~ rut~bf.tliHl'i:3Rlnb1
~ & l)
IU~filSmb ~h '1 ctO!i
I
x~-1
x<2
X ~-l
---4---+---1+-~1~~--~--~~~~~
S~ X< 2 -3 -2 -1 0 2 3
x>2
-3 -2 -1 0 2 3
X;::; -1
-3 -2 0 2 3
X ::;-1
ti"'- X>
137
PROEUS DARA
"" ""
i5a5~ tttuutflruL'lin ~~ tu~fmZ~b q_.Jrn13 :
2x+ 5 ;?::5x-4 5- X> 7
n. { 2. {
x-7 ;?::2x- 3 2x + 3;?:: 13
l
5<4(y+2)-5y
2x-7 ::;6x+ 5
?1. { lli. 1 '1
4x-ll :::;4 + x 2y+ 3 > 2
cr
2f17iflifl.f71 £tllgLftflrutu~ill~ l3-2xl = 17 '1
3-2x 3 --2x
----*------------r-----------*-----------.x
-17 0 17
X = -7 'li"'- X = 10 '1
0 el 0
n5ru1ud5ru&s~
I GV
tuurn~ti xE ] - = ' -7[ u ]10 ' + =[ '1
,.., 0
"" 21 iiH8u s s
15nLftflrutru15 & lJ
-7 0 10
138
PROEUS DARA
x:S 10 sb x:2:-7
' 10 J ~
C>O !:RQlS :
"" "'
i~(;H5~ ~:trHLnnm~M~il1~2lbtLfil'B ~GtinLnnmtruu~~8~s '1
n. l2x- 31 <4
2. l2x 11 3 :2:2
139
PROEUS DARA
4 2
+ 3x -· 5 < 0 , :::; 4 ,
c) ~ ~,
~b[.fiSl2
2
X 't::fl 2 d)t} ax + bx + C > 0 'ji
"H8~611ru-HmJ:tl[1nSl2
I G'l lJ
2
ax + bx + c < 0 ttl ru a :t 0 <j
3.
= i 3x 10 'i
= x2 - 3 X- 10 = + 2) (X- 5) 'i
PROEUS DARA
X -00 -2 5 +oo
x+2 + +
---
x-5 - - +
f(x) = (x + 2)(x- 5) + - +
-2 0 5
J 0 1
fflb f(x) = 2x- -7 X+ 3 'i f',. = 25 > 0 Sli3J X1 = - , X2 =3 'i
2
tfii::JH!; f(x) dlnm
"
tfiQIS f(x) = (2x-l)(x-3) "" " f(x) ffl'i:3ffldlbZlbi:Lll11:3
'i Gfift5nJlft5~1:8
"'
1
X 2 3 +oo
2x-l + +
x-3 +
f(x) = (2x-l)(x-3) + +
X -CO a 3 +=
x---a - b + +
-
X B - - 0 +
(x- a)(x ~) + ) - +
--------------~~--------------------------------
0 -~ .lJ::._ 2 '
mm g D.> 0 2"" a> 0 hl'i:H1U ax + bx + c
Ql
= o. C,:jl
tll2Y !i.HlHnJw ~
}.Q_
ey ~ ? dt
(2) m~ruts ax"+bx+c<O ?'i a<x<~ '1
""
"" "' 1
i~t;HS~ t[;t]gLMITI~hl~fils~b[Lfl!~ :
3x + 2 ~ 0
2 2 2
n. X -· 2x-2 >-0 2. 2x - 3x- 2 < 0 ?'i. - 5x -
>~
2
lli. 3x 2 -7x+ 10?':2x 2 b. (x+ l)(x+4)> 18 G. 5x _ ::':
6 -- 3 '1
2
2 <$
X + pX + q > 0 R X< -3 , 2 <X '1
142
PROEUS DARA
cr
ZfTI'if/UU? 1 ttflgUuHi51~5-@m~ 16x 2 - sx + 1 > o '1
8lf3J x 1 = x 2 = 1
4 '1 tfln~ f(x) t::lln~ t):i(flS f(x) = 16x-- ( 41) 2
, f(x) = 0
=:} x = 41 ""'
~'ifl t55 a = 16 > 0 '1
't:flSMmlt:IG
£] u
a 't:flSSrum f(x)C.O ' X= -5 slfHtl f(-5) = 0 '1
(2)
Qt\:) 2' C$
(4) Gt'i:Jt55tS ax +bx+c::::O r:1 x =a '1
""
143
PROEUS DARA
n. x 2 - 4x + 4 > 0 l2x + 4 ~ 0 2
~
2 2
2. 4x • X+ I <0 R. 9x -- m. 64::; l6x-x
b) - (b ~c/4ac)J
2 2
+ bx -1- c == a [( x + 2a
2
+ bx+ c =0
(3)
(4)
""
u'imj(x) == 2x 2 +5x+7 'i:ll8 .6. == 25-56 = -3l <0 Si:H't31=1M
I
a==2>0
utUw wm 2
f(x) == x +x+ 1 'i:ll8 .6. = l-4 = -3 <0 StH'ei=]M a= I >0 ilfl!J
>O ·-1 tJmsg'ho{5numsm{§ru
U '-h GV
'i
144
PROEUS DARA
dnnm
"
t'im'lsfl m
,j
~ !..~
i~~~~ fdHI;:tUl_;"lfltD1W~fil~21i:HLfnl:l" :
n. t
(1)
(2)
1
- -<x<4
3
l
-<x<4
2-
+x-6>0 (1)
+ 3x 4?.:: 0 (2)
X -00 -4 -3 l "L +
+ + ) (
g(x) -'/- t - )
J f( :)
+
)g(x)
145
PROEUS DARA
+ oo) 'j
~ ~ 0 0 ~
<il5'HnU (2) l:ll8ft.Hl.flGI:'i:3155 (--= -4] u ll +=) 'i
i GV ' '
2
r x + x- 3 > 0 r x 2 + x 20::; 0
t'l. UJ. ~ 'i
1.x 2
- Sx + 4 < 0
2
l2x + 7x + 3 > 0
= x(x+2)(x-4)
X -co - 2 0 4 +
X - 0 + +
x+2
I - 0 + +
x-4 - ·- - J +
-- I
f(x) -
? +
? -
-~
00 ~?~~ c:J;
fUMGI:'i:3155b8•hl'HillH'i
I c;v
xE (-oo, -2] u[O. 4] 'i
cr
2 fTJ ffl UIJ7 2
Xi --3 '1
""'
L~Rm f(x) = x· + 3x-4
?
l:ll81Jfl5 x 1 J y x2 = -4 'i
146
PROEUS DARA
g(x) + + ) - - 0 +
f(x)
g(x)
+
I -
I
+
I -1 +
2fTiffiUuJ3 tfil3Jti5~fll~ 2
x +2mx-3m-2 =0 '1 RMfifit~ m ttl-ejl1Jtl5~flll'f::ll81Jft5
OHdJh [JdlG~ 8 ~&1~~-'f::llS '1
l m<O
2
m<-'-
3 l
m<O
2
m<--
3
-2 -1 0
3
tlmsg
u
m(-a,-2)u
(1)
J 1m + 9 , !:,.' = 0 , m = 1 , m = 92 '1
p = 2m -1
m
147
PROEUS DARA
r·~ P-
•u = 0 :::::>m =-
1 Sb S = 2(2m-3)
' 2 m
"'
ttiS=O:::::>m=l '1
3
m
----=t:CO
!J,' p s XI <X2
9 + + + 0 <x 1<Xz
2 --o X1 = Xz = 0
-
hl~ffl~ 'i:ll2tihlthU22·~rh;
+
3
2
L } " lJ 1 tiV
- +
1 --{} X1 = Xz = -1
1 + + - x 1<X2 <0
X1 = 0 , X2 = -8
2 x 1 < 0<x 2
+ - - .. '$ 1
0 hl'l:fffl~ w £Ln9""' 1 'i:llsy hl x =
6 '1
+
- - x 1 <0<x2
~ffici d5 +b
2
= ab tSH (a-~y +~b 2 = 0 '1
(a-~)
2
tlmsg
u \ 2
= 0 sb b = 0 '1
Sl6J a = b = 0 '1
2 > 2 2
n. 2. Sx -4xy+6y-;:::O
? ? ?
f.i. (a-+ b-)(x- + y) 2: (ax+ by) '1
t48
PROEUS DARA
a b>O~(a-b)(a+b)>O '1
f4 ITHJ7 U/17" 3
t:Jmsg
u
ti':'iH18Hulli5'tHmfim
~ ~
CJa+-/b) 2 >Ua+b)2
cJa+Jb) 2 -(Fa"+h) 2 = a+2M+b-(a+b) = 2M>O
0
mmg a:::O , b:::O
=(x-y)2>0
2 -
149
PROEUS DARA
mrunm x =y ~a =b '1
~ Q 0
1
n. a+- 2::2
a
""
m a>b ~Slg a+b>b+e 'a-e>b-e
·~M~filath~n9I
l.j
'i:flS'i:3li5Hmln'i:flS9~'ei1
II !] I.J
Ax+B>O Sb Ax+B<O fL:Jru A S~
B mdssfiri
II
~
~ ~ CJ1 eJ ':1 I Q1
150
PROEUS DARA
df]n m nu(]siJ m
"1W~f!U~tUn'92 1:flS'i:3tiHHTTH1'i:fl8dll:\
w ~
ax +bx+c>O '\5 ai+bx+c<O rt~ru
2
~
"tttHU1.flt551W~Fil:i~t'[_fi9 2 fi!'i:3WQJJlfim~qJ1'9 2
""'
n. ~<0 f(x) 'tflSWmltlG a tllSG '1
!] u 01.
"f(x) 'i:flSMmlntii~
rn &
a mmrun a<x</3 '1
""' l
., ~MBm~~tUn'9 2 clm
~et
m{jnmm~s1M~Fill~t~n9
n lJ a:J lJ
2 '1 nt'i:3 x t~bttuhn'Bm
~ 4 G et tN
l
a+b t'Uliffi'BW'i'BSrlS
2 u ~"
-
0 •
:ru~~ m:::f'~®..'%~,"$~~
X 1 2 2
b. l -
3 < 3(2x-3) tl. 5(y-5)-3(2-y):::;2 '1
?:.~(y+5)
l
fi. fy+ 1 6(x+ 1)>2x-5
lli. 6-x '1
25--<3x
H(3y + 7) _ 1 < o 2 -
151
PROEUS DARA
3. n::ilgl,Mt151fD~f\la~rH:HLffl~ :
5. t8f3JMrulrl~ A sb B ~u!!lbtLfil~ :
2 0
A= {x/6x -7x-5>0} , B = {x/x--2x-8<0}
2
2. (ab +be+ ca) 2': 3abc(a + b +c)
2
'155. x + i 2': 2(x- y- 1) 'i
1
l'l. -l-----:1-
-+-
l+i 1-i
3. t!:hgLMru~D~m~:nbtLfil~ :
2
n. (x-1) +3(x-1)+2 = 0 2. (x-1 -2)-(x-3) = 24
2
R. (x-1) +4(x-l)(x-3)-2(2x-3/ =0 '155. (x
2
--
2
-4(x -x)-12 =0 '1
152
PROEUS DARA
3x-2y-z = 11
x-2y = 3
n. 2x-5y-2z =3 2. ~
{ x·- 0 '1
4xy + y· = 6
5x- y + 2z = -33
2
n. x - 8x + 12 > 0
?'!. (2x-·l)(x+4)> 18
""
(3). n::tHLhfltiHu'tifilS f(2x) 3 = o '1
7. t?'i'i:flS a , b , X , y m8ss1d'i:flS
1.1 <.'7
si'J a+ b = 1 '1
tibl mm
ll1 -._,
Jax +by?. aJx + b/Y '1
2x+ 3
'i:flSHmln x 'i
.._,
rn
2x-l B
2. ttngLhflruhlf§m~ x -2ox-4 =o
2
'i
153
PROEUS DARA
t~n13n~
..;,
S13li5'J
1.1
H'l~G
W
run tm rHl5UI..;,ms t:ffib c~13""Jd1.1 MdI ruG& gt: m gbill ru 'i
u
11. ~n13ti"is13ruGru6'11G'iruFmt13
G 1w eJ w
$10 nb13run"R~b
ctW G
'1 1:llrd'in13ti"isfu8n.nsm
a G 1 '""i>
~:tit"RruA
I I I 1
61t1§
w
$X nbBti5blR~b,mg~:flo{sb9mmfmru
CiS1J L.J ~ -......,t_;
80-x 19'inb
dct
l ~21 'j
1 l I I
'? 0 .:::. v Q 0 t .......
n. Sn61t:~G~8&tlS A Sb B t:i:lCl5LfllnG!:M~H5MLn131S)213J&!t1ti5ni2Jl13
I
2
-x +Ax+ B 'i
12. MSctl13ti5flbGfltfl1Mfnb1:llS9'9b
u n w 1
30m
sbtHMlti5
n
40m 'i t'RGb£GctJnsmriF1lnb
6G'J ctct
U I
0 eJ ""
MSJ:fHSlg (i:lGH52lbM) t:tiru1:llS99bt1~
w n u u n "'
u
C~'J~ sbt~Lnftll~'~~~sb
2
325m '1
u
'RM8l9'9bd~cmg 'i G\1
u
40m
154
PROEUS DARA
t\5nfl'i5Sl~
li' .::.
stJji:'J{j
/)
tt:lrnU61tsini:'l'i5cimn'i5btllt15
c:t L
GV
~'lHlSnmttllbS
c; u
(xoy) ni:'lnH11lbGHtf'l
(fJ ct
1 1
Hl8'i5nHulli5'i5Sl~
G ~
mi:'lti&C:llliHu{§r=mndf'lM61tt:lrn'i:flS9mii9sbatli:'l
~ &
X si:'l y d:itihb
~
li
t s g ru1 i:'ll3j nu t\5 RJlm tU1 'i:flUJ'i:fl s rn Qn.r1: blm1JD rn '1
u
11
9~T
L9 ! 11
ru W1J !JDlflJ DS H.J:l :J nth! 0 8 ----------------() ', _______ _
!
~ t
n[n:~ru1:1 [.kl1:JI;{tz!JDA qrJqtzh!DJ.,
11
h 0 11.1!;1SLHru r:JH~lH5
n "="'
,
SD
o
DUumtH{L,UffiLf.\8 " fl
;;:> ,, 1:\ f\l)
0 ""
~LS£1ffi LJ:lH{WffiER1H~ f.:! Z UUtl.J1L8~
0 fl.l!;l"' "'
n
'8
Sjl):lHH!J "'
g~~~~
lf;;tl t.NB&\HHJU!JJ;lj W D
' 0 0
11 11
Sll):l:l ~j.\2J;lffifl x .\2LHWB
~ ! ~ 0
~ n
SLR.!.:H..S£183 f1f D .omH !J3lBlP
0 '
u : zu n[n:~ ' "
rupEW[.kl1li;{LZ [8V] .\2~H!JB:l ' (> Cs-)8 gwH.ruYLJUhi!;l:l
' 0
n 1 n
ru~JffiE8li1J8SJSjl):lBH1J.\2lJUhi.,
(:) 0 C, ' I 0
s- sl SLR. 8
u : w n[n:~
(Z)V g_ru H.N h!lJU hi!;l:J
i ' 0
u
ru PEW (;{hi
"' I;{LZ ¥!1;{Hhi8~
(z 'fi)z+ Sl Sl.H V t.p!;l:l
n t n
ru f:J.'lffi EBLJUDS:l l:Jj L):lHHhih!lJUhi "
~ 0 e.. t 0 M
h ffiEYU,
11 ~
h!USS8.\2LSP.. 11 ~ " ~
"' o•
SSDYLSP..SJ 0 ruJ,;!t;ftfl\;{lZWhiQ E ffilHD
0 I e., l
I ~
ru:JtEWLJUmUqt..,tgffilHDYlJUY"
~ 0 ~ ~ 0 ·~' IS
(..Slh!.N 8 YruDffi!S!.:l 0 ru!ZlN!;fLZWhiQ
~ 0 (";) It;! I
M ~
h!USSBYLS£1 "'
"' 0 ' Z £1llH8f-SH2CJ l UUJUJ,L8&
" V Yf,l-58
1 n
ru l lE lBlJU£HlHn
~ e.. 0
L):l HHYY• lJU hi " 0
"'
z.: ?::-
~--~------+---•--~---.--~---
ee.ru6l 0 v 0 8
J? ..,
YU:SS!l!JUU!
.., ' ·y .
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I
~
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
tD~Hli5H2iH'i~Grt.nG
I G l
A(-3) bl..firuGrt.n61H5rnstm;r;~8nslG
£1 u I
B(5)
'
tsr:l~ IN
L b~t\52
1
lJ
n. tt:llGrt.nG I
A(-4) , B(-2) sb C(5) 'l
n. tt:llGrt.nG !
M. N sb P
157
PROEUS DARA
nz n
A ..···························..!:.....................................................8
Hhru AP: PB = m: n
mb+na
X == '1
m+n
158
PROEUS DARA
AQ = jl0-11 = 9 , QB = jl0-71 = 3
0 A( 1) B(7) Q(lO)
159
PROEUS DARA
AQ
AQ: QB = m : n ( )1 QB =-;;m) o
mmgLR''U• "'
m>O sh n>O tUlru
.,
B
~------~· ----------~~~ I 1---fl>-
(m>n) B:-. ... n ... ::Q.
.... ~ ............ ~,. ............... "" II ....................................... ••
(m <n)
2g'fffltM' 2 t1:1!3~nMtirl~
u i
A(a) sh B(b) 'i 'Uinmctl
~ ~
nHH!:htS
u
X ~8Grt.fllti Q fnn
ll
tl'ltf18 AQ = x-a , QB = x-b A(a) B(b) Q(x)
X = mb -na
m -n
'1
60
PROEUS DARA
n
AQ=a-x, = b-x '1
tt::tlti'l AQ: QB = m: n
(;S'"]g : (b- = II! :II
~fiffitifd'i'l::flti'ltltimCtiHh x = mb 1
w
G u "' m-n
ct 0 ~ Co '::~ ,o ~
2FI1f.f?UJJ13 bfiflJG11JltibU A(2) 8h B(S) b8'U~flti~~H1 ill hli'!:ll8fi 0 '1
H'l nHH tll t 8 ~8G rulti ~ti ru fG n~h ~ AB 2lh t1uni fi11:5d ruttfltJ
u 1 n U 3 :4 'i
X = mb -I~ = 3 )< 5 - 4 X 2 = _ 7
m- n
Q(-7) 0 B(S)
----+----+----<o•----l----1-~
0 eJ eJ ~
Gfl.qmtJrumn~~r. AB
I
n. 2ltH1_flim'Bdrut-qJtJ 3 :2 '1
16
PROEUS DARA
nunngtnnn t 8
I
Q Q "::! I 0 I
HiUGllilG
l, I
M 1:2ti~nHHf:iH2
6V U
nn.flrl ~
"'S' " M
y thHHttlt21:2 '1
• tt:H8Mmsin~l5ci
I 0£ GV
M(x,y)
~•w•~,.<>••-•!
0 X
6Wi:311lnHHttl1:2
G u
rlr1:hli5ti8l~G82~61
R ~ w
I I
0
fillY~ Slii fillY~ g IV
y
B
nmu.nnwfin1nnnt8inwu~ iS
eJ I Cl;
J
""'
IY2- Yd
~ .Qp ~~ ~ ~ ' '~
AB iJsLtULJ~:94s~HnJ~HH1:hl:2 '1
PROEUS DARA
PQ = Jl3
A. G
y
B
A'! m P'i n
······················•···············.
!s•
163
PROEUS DARA
t ?iQIS P' d'H} Ll.fl GfG nHb ~ 2lb nb A', B' fi"l'i:Jjj m mQu m : n '1
1 n os
0
I
':.0 ~ c:ll ~ 0
ntlru~HHtiH2t2Gfl.fJG A'B' sb P' ?1 xa , x" sb x ~~ b~ ~2l2~'l5'B~Gmg
GMGtGn2lbni:Hsinli'l52l~G2Siln~ X= mxb+ nx{/
I j .:: u m+n
fD'i'i:flti5'l51:ffiAtiGfflftl~ U:ilti5?1fD'l52l~fnbt9lSbHn'iHHI::JH2 y =mY~,+ ny"
lJ cs- u "" u "' tr m+n
timsg nHHtiltStSGMG P ~til P(mx"+nx", my"+ny") '1
u u 1 m+n m+n
A(xa, Ya) Sb
"'
B(x", Yb) GMGrHnbn'i'BIDnHHtil
0 ""
tS 'i
1 "'
I
lJ 1 u
~~~~1:
~..,~ ........ m,., P(x, y). ,....., o _ " !....:..
WiGLlJ1GnLI.Ql~1HSH;:jfl AB t2l8 m = Fl
""
~'Ulli5 p (x"+x, 2 v") "
-2-, Ya+ l
~ 0 "
2fl7f.f7U717 2 t?i'i:flSGMG A(l, 3) , B(4, 0) nbm'Bti5nHHtilt2 '1 ~nnHHtiltS~2
I OS lJ U U
l I
nHHtiltSGMG P ""
R
u 1
6
P(3 x4 + 2 x 1 3 X0+ 2 X 3)
5
\ 3+2 ' 3+2
B
p( 145 , 5~) 0 14 4 X
0
t?i'i:flSGMG A(-1, -3) , B(-4, 2) nbn'i'BIDnHHtil!:S '1
1 "'
I
lJ I u
164
PROEUS DARA
ut 11 ntnnmiltLni
2911.17UuJ 1 'U~Q)Gl&tl Q(x, y) turm~~ AB 2lhtLnlffl'e'GrumJu m :n tL:lruGllijG
t 94 8 b ii nJ H~'i.hq hl y
mcl MGrl~ 1
A(x{/ 'Ya) Sb B(xb 'Yb) nbri'i'e't55nHHL:lltS
ct l_; u '1
1 1
...
2 fTI ifi U7J1 2 tf:'i'i:llSGMG
I
A(l, 3) , B(4, O) nhnmrunmtthts
c; l_; U
'l
! I
Q( 10, -6)
165
PROEUS DARA
I
"" ""
?1 AB = lb-al = la-bl '1
2. A~B Q
a' 1 b~y
m
mb+na d5 =n
n. AP: PB = m :n 2. X = - - - ?1. m - a+b
t Sl o0 x --2-
m+n
n mb-na
n. AQ: QB = m: n ¢. y = ---
m-n
I e. 0 t:::V r-:;:-?.
13ffitmt1br:J&1H1'i'i:H15 SbuMu P(x, y)
"' W1 I
?1 OP = ,.,;x +f
4. nHl
'\;)
tL:h ts tstso.ntsmnnb
0
tsHiH11:H15nb ni'i:H15nm
(!) '\;) I
P(mxb + nxa, myb + nya) '1
u
·
1 co nwco w u tm ts I I I
m+n m+n
G'l.flts P nru;rru AB ~ PCa;xb, Ya; Yb) '1
nHHL:h
u
tS tSGMu
1
tun tUAi tSHbnwco w t15nH~
ft15 t15nb ni'B u
t L:h tS
I I
n. ntlGMu
I
A, B, C sb D '1
0 • ""
2. n0flnuffit15 AO, AB, BC Sb DC '1
"'
2. t?lflirhGMu
u t
A(-3) sb B(S) '1 mb P ctlGMu~unnb~s
1 c::&
AB ffi15l:lruw'l'i5 2: 3
u
I
ttfiru Q m8o.nts~tsntUAitsHbft
1 n
AB m15l:lruw'l'i5
U 4 :3 '1 HinHHL:hts~s8o.nts
u 1
nrtmru
n
M tSHbft
n
PQ '1
166
PROEUS DARA
~tfllrulcnti~w ?
':1 0 0 ~':1 c.:; eJ 0 "? C$
5. Jn~HHtil~StSn~bl59lti1HS'[f~fllrul t!:ibl513ClJ113nbWJ1blitS~br:i (-2, 3) , (3, -1)
I
167
PROEUS DARA
c
n. Oo.l
~
' J
"" 0
rlWrulG
l
• unLnnrumnLMli~ stunr1
rniH11lS'U2l~
"" .:
Y -- Yt
m= - - M
x-·x1
Xr 0 X
168
PROEUS DARA
:Y·~--
i j
y 2 = 3(x-O) 2 1/
y = 3x+ 2 _: /
·I X
!0
I ······· :-···
:;
n5-H m~
y
B(xz,Yz)
0 X
0 X
Yz- Y1
y-yl = - .- (x-x 1)
Xz -XJ.
0
utmg x 1 = x2 : x =x 1 _'1
169
PROEUS DARA
2-3
L: y-3 = -l-(- 2) [x-(-2)]
y=-x+l
2. i'HlJ16lnHH1:JH2t21:H1Jlti'i'i5hlrH2'i5SliilflJ x+ y-4
u l lJ " &
=0 2~ 2x-y+ 1 = 0 '1
tiblmm
Ln .......,
'i5Slci
c:::;
D 'inJ'ij
G
D' rug'iffiGG'i
I t_:;
m = m'
t15ntiMti A dl~'i5Milt2'i5Sl6'i D: y
0
1 lJ "
"
&
'
= mx+n
s~HnJffilihfhl tffiru B dlGOJ)tiljt15'sinliti~ci D
~ 0 t:.J 'J Q1 C) I t:::J)
170
PROEUS DARA
1 ~ ? a ~ 0
HH'i:3f.'iblilH:flti9ftH8'li21:?1
I l) .,;;
D' fil:?lfil'i:313MG
l
(2, 3) sl:l •
·--2) ?1 m, =
Xz -·Xl
= -2-3 = ~-·
5
,. ,
.:..
5
'\521:?1 D
.,;
11 D' b21g m = m' = - 2 X
'
'\521:?1 D: y
.,;
= - 5-X
2
'1
4
n. L 1 : 6x + 3y = 2. : y = 3x- 2
2x- y = 5 ill. L4 : y = 2x + 5
D: y = 2x+ 5 '1
tf.'i6'iti~£4~s
u """ D: y = mx+n Sb D': y = m'x+n' tii:rlmdltiSl£4 D
Ln -.....!) ~
D1 : y = //IX+ ll
D2 : y = m'x+n'
y = m'x '1
171
PROEUS DARA
mb p 2b Q murup:ityn.J~~Db~snb y I
(1)
172
PROEUS DARA
L: ax+by+c = 0 i:l!HuSnDl
.... a:tO Sb b:tO '1 0 l ~ 0
fi M fi tii:ll tiHl tH1Il ti 'i:HiJ
0 &:::), , "':) I
"' 1 u
fll'Htirlflti A(x 2 , y 1) Sb B(x 1, y2 ) I:S'i5~n
L b?H'iU ro'i5 m
<:
~ fis ftH15'il.;115miJb msbHnnm5
ct V
hlI 115
8b ii RJ H H r:tH s tt.fi t151Y 115 ~ [JLn ti 8 b1J1 u
, Y1) '1
ax 2 + by 1 + c =0 (2)
(1)-(2): a(x 1 -x 2 ) =k
0 X
(1) (3): b(yl-Y2) = k
k
Y2 =b (4)
k2 k2
-;;·!} e
fl)'i:J (4)
173
PROEUS DARA
<:!>
4x-3y-5 = 0 ?1
d = jax 1 + by 1 + cj d = 14 X 0- 3 X 0-51 = I-51 = 1
Jaz + bz )42 + 32 5
I~ X 3 + J2 X J2- 21 ~
d = =- =
Gr + (,f2)
2
~
y
4x-3y-5 = 0
4
~X+ jiy = 2
2
174
PROEUS DARA
2.3
""
tJH:H!J
(J1J
t'i3?lrul'i01li9n5
1 t_;
m
• .,. "
~SliSl51
.:;
•
AB ?l m
<=!I
=7-3
-3-1 = 2 y
t13?JMLLflli9hltSli~fi BC ~ m' =; =~ i =-
c
m·m'=2·(-D=-1 tstgABj_BC
3 ........A.
~msg MBC dl~tmru~fnb '~
1 3 7 X
ABeD '!3rumfiffli5ltJGMGnrunrutDbffl
u ~ W 1 n ~
'~
y
t?ltllRR~ru A 1f51tru?lru o
IJ C(a+b,c)
sb C(a+b, c) '1 0
175
9Lt
nj (o 'lJ-) g M,
I';:)
h \ !( 'x) d h! rn 1riM, s o :t- v m nn 1:ti
8t::::1 (o 'v) v M.W
'tri
119
h SH.r.JHHfhls-np
n
gv SHBUf:Hl
e.. n
. 5h!rn~s !.1J0Jnt.Hfh!HLP
p
gv ~wnh!rn
• t::J /f:;) '
{I]fJ,J£J
""
l lb 4--- "' i t
h rJ ~S l.1J :l ffilf1.DSlfHlj):Jj d DU1.W8H.J1J W !:H r U1Jtt.nl.B e
1::;:11 lt:;:l0 l<;;::t
0 0 lt:7 ('J
V W !.{8a;::. DUU DULl::! c...o ;:J
"? t?
h .I 'iJ~~ 0 ~~8lf1.P5!=lJFf~El.P
n 1
{ .1 = WOW}
I !,;lffifl 0 ~SDUUDU .J tpj
~ a;;:, 0~
r.J I t l
wE) rn lf1.D 8 lf1.m 1=1 r.s w rm D 8 w
e.
uu D uu ru ·e0 0 0 0
h 7 ~8&HSP..U P mLRD~snw1A.HJj
a::;., ~ ~ '"'
'I , ,
--pt- 1
'7 ~S <;;;::;>
7 WP..l.1J1!:2LS£1t_p!.;! 7 ~8~LSP..
(Cr I ~ 11'::)1
r.> t I f
_ ___::_--!......J...p
IL lJ
~
P tp3 mlf:W8lf1.rtH1WUUD8WUUDUU!.1J
(';; 0 e., 00 0
.!J z U1J t t.n L.B z:
;:J
-= I
~ a ~ t ~~
h d uu eh!ru w uwm r:n ruH ~LBDtruDm U:J:J p~1lf1.. 0 {:)I 0 0 0
fl 3 a ~ I I I 1'1
[lHBP..tt_p~ d trueh!mWU:ir.-mf:1J DUUfl8lDlJUfl~~ !B:I6lP
I I
I ~ ... "' "'
h { gUjJfl8HlJ~LB~PWW:lffilf1.D8lf1.~S
0 0
:J[JV7 !{!J[.Sj
C., ~
W IW} : ~!.1JHW~LJU!J!;;!:l
0 11::1'~ ~ I
I
h '' fl::Jj
0 "'
I I
'-l +--- "' !J::) a a (;"... 1 1 t
.W!{LB!{l:J11JWjmlf1.B8lf1.!{S :J[JV7 ~!J[_Sj , LJUeh!mWUjfipj):ll W DUUD8HJUUDUUW
~ 0 ~~';:;;; "=' 0 c.. 0 0 0 0 f)
! ~ 1\$1 l t ~ f\9 u l
l.PWSJ,j g 8 jg U ~Ulfig S h! h :J[JV7 fl8 :J W ~ Ul £1.8 Sh! t_p8LO ~ttW W DUU D8:l 6 Wlm £1
I 0 C1_ I ;a 0 C,.~l 0
v
I I
DUUDLJUW
0 0 0
w\\ \).- 8
:;~~~MW
iJ';J>
J>\ I
I I
h fl8HLJ
0 e.
!{LB
0 ~
DUUDlJU ru tJj tW flW ~ LJUh! I I
00 0 e.. ~ ~ 0
qp1ufulmLBD8lf1.rnml
~(;;;;)
lt:Jo
:J8V7 fi~!JtlruLP
0 l'i:::fl
w
M
e~~~~ I 11 ~I
0
DUUB h mR :JEIV7 £JW~R8lf1.!;;!j
0
I ;:JU1JtlJlLB~
I I
nU1Hl uuru lt
0 " "
~ I:
s~s~~~~~w~~
() 0 () <t c;;
t ·z
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
x = o """'
JHnJHHttHs '1
QA = j;;2;j Sb QB = j;;2;j
~msg QA = QB '1
1. 1!'1TIGMGtL:Jrutcllbm~run;Htflf!:lru5'l'in~tmtrum
LJ 1 4J "' .. ~ uLJ u
F "~ I
2. 'il"ltidn.nmmtrum
l.J I U
F l.J 16'l~t~bm~run~~tL:Jru5'i '1
u
44 9 ~ V
J
~nt'JMGMG~SGilJIG
l i 1
P fr::lru&dlbtn~hli5m~
&J &
177
PROEUS DARA
2 2
_ x-
[( 2) + y J- [x 2 + (y- 1) )
2
=1
~ 0 0 0 \;;!
2x--y-1 =0 r:hhll§fllHtHlfltH1.IltHS
l 1
P '1
2x- y-1 : : : 0
~)..Q_
I
1. tJG,'ln y
4
= mx + n l
Sw y = m x + n :
I
+ c :::: 0 ""'
fi d = '---'---=:::::::::':::'=-----'-
PROEUS DARA
3. ~n~~fill:'i58l~fil~fil"c3GMG
~ I
B(-1, 1) ~nb!:94Sb'i58l~ L: x+3y+4
~
=0 '1
5. nbtii5nHHi:tHStl:'il::llSGMG
ctGVU 1
A(l, -3) , B(2, -1) stWSl~ D: y = x-2 '1
~
I
7. mb B sb C dlGtn.ffHlitnb~S 0 Sb y
5x- 12y + 65 = 0
A(l3, o) dlbmtmr:rutim~
'J ~
5x-12y + 65 = o '1
<!;
179
PROEUS DARA
"' 0
1(1, 2) 2t1Rl r = 3 '1
~)':l[f12 = 3 1:1 2
P(x, y) IP IP = 9
~s~MH~n I(l, 2)
IJ a
mr = 3 '1 .. ~bi1
"
M~Rl~Mi1tn'&szbi1~tibl.H:fl8~61 !(a, b)
n
(x--cd+(y-b) = l
2
" a
Sbnl r ~ J
~-------------------- -----
y y
--+-----;;;:lr---t-------
x
180
PROEUS DARA
2 2 2 2 2
¢::::> x + y - 2ax -- 2by +a + b - r = 0
d5 A = -2a , B = -2b , C = a 2 + b2 - /
?h:tHu{§ffJaj{;H~ff::iru'i:llSGfi
d .!<
(-1, 1) Stlnl r = 1 '1
2
n. x + / - 6x + 4 y + 4 =0
m'BGMGU
1
£(-6, 6) , F(-2, 8) stl G(l, -1) '1
ct 0 t::l) ~ ~
8fl7trl%M 2 &f:16JGLl.flGStlrH A(-3, 0) Stl B(l, 0) '1
lnWMGMG~SGMG
1 1 1
P ff::irutdltlm~
~J ~
AP: BP = 3 : 1 '1
1
P
181
PROEUS DARA
2
=9{ -1) +./}'1
x-23)
2
= (3)
2
~
> (
+y 2 j '1
d.'hr:J6'iGruluSb?l~
U l
A sb B tSlU·dfUlGrulu1sunnu
I 1 l
p ~t;JrutdlbtrH~
&j .:;
tdlbmii
~J .:; AP: PB = 3 : 2 '1
3. 2 ;e
<::1
li. u
iY !L!
!/ _j
/b ~ / lY \= lEJ
I V\ i
/ i
_;
v0 Xj
:
\/ /
!/ '-.... v !
X = ±2 l,/
J
d
0
mmg x = 2 tm g y = 2
0
mmg x = -2 ~:mg y = -2
? 0 ~
&r:JQl8nHHtllt£H2urulu'itJMm1
U I l_; IJ
(-2, -2) , (2, 2) '1
182
PROEUS DARA
2 2
x+y-x+ =0'1
~
sb~~~r;mm~ rutSL15~ ~M~m~ Gtl m~ n:n ru
0 '
nH~ tt:tH 8 &8tHU113~15 M r:H 'ilbli 8'16'1
U I t_; & ~
I
? ?
f(x-at+(y-br
?
t8lg~J:1Ql8'i15~8 = r- (l)
t_; "' ly = mx + n (2)
= r2 (1)
1. d5 !1>o t:::m15~1ii
&
sb~b~'i15rol:1m'i6'i~n~sru~u
&lJ ,t~c;l.j l
y = mx- 2 (1)
tl"i(il8 2
{ X + y- = 1 ?
2
-2) =1
( + -4mx + 3 = 0 (3)
'1 nnuss
•lJ w
183
PROEUS DARA
.Y
~- ~ '1
Yo
2 2
Yo(Y- Yo) = -xo(x- xo) X oX+ YoY = Xo +Yo (l)
y x =r
r
y =r
XoX+ YoY =r 2
'1
r X
nHH!:l'HS
u
'1
<:$ ?
Yo) i"i XoX + YoY = r"
184
PROEUS DARA
2
-a/+(y-b) = r2 ShtiSlii
.<;
D: y = mx+n
') ') 2
tSlZbr:il(l8 (x-af+[(mx+nt-b] = r2 (l)
185
PROEUS DARA
= re~ ii l:ll.~·~'il,~W,~ft1'ii~~U~-1\%~"@..~--l;~~=:h'R\l::1l~~.W..»,t\%'RJ..~'M,~0A\i![::it:J1t',~'Wtlf't!\VLi);.:~<:;:\W~=::.:::~=·==
0 •
2 2 2
&
C!:/{)
1. tuHMHu'l:H1ls~bbth9HHutim
lil
I
(x-a) + (y-b) = r
0 I I
n:nru !'SHU ~ fi
A
1 Stl fil r nb
"" 0
'"' "'
l
nHt.fi:nb q_~fil't§ :
n. /(0, 0) r = 1 2. /(0, l) r = J2
i:i. 1(2, 0) r = J3 '155. /(1, l) r :::: 2
2 2
2. (x-2) + (y-1) = 16
2 2
m. x + (y- 1) = 36
2 2
n. x +/ + 4x =6 2. x + / - 6x + 2y =6
2 2
R. 2x + 2y - 2x + 2y = l
JG M~Lfil'D 'j
6. in M~ mHb~
/)
slJ ~94 m~m't§UG MG2l
I
b t'iLfil'i:j
~
n. c1, o) , (o, 1) 2tl ( 3, 4) 2. (2, 2) , (-L, l) "'k
8\..l (2, 3)
7. inM~fil&"s~ij~::ni:HLfil't§ :
2
+ + CP == 49 'i
186
PROEUS DARA
0
9. li"l'tfl8G G A(5 10 '"j
+/ - 25 ~~
'"I
'"I
(t.
A( p
"
n. urn lfl
'"!
5 0
c:fH~H~ bSg
19. ummm~b~
li1 ......, ~
y .\ 0
20. uinmm
li1 ......,
~ +7 o HH'lnmn
ull
.3
PROEUS DARA
:::: Gth 8
nsg ""1-'l
8\-.. 0
HI S 8 jj~
u
"" et:
1fl
u
8
,. nsg
sv
ru
b1~
"6 8 8 y>x+
8H 8 y< +
2-_, + >
fill y :::: -X 2
L
0
2. munllil
88
PROEUS DARA
0 0
hi G
us "" ""
~~~ l t m g~"Ulru1 ru ,g fil ~ :n b Glfil'i:Hil"t31_!11'i5
1ru{5filHsgdlbmii8&mg'jl"lUGrwm (x, y)
~J ~ u l
re:H15'i:fl8Gtllfi5G1Gdlbm
u ~Cl
2 riDG'
b.
I /(-2, ~8~btlI)
4 'i
t.P ~"" ~ ~"" 2 ~ 1:ll g u•.n ru1 ru {5 ffU 2l b bLfil'i:Hil"t3 Lfil 'i5
n. / + /::::4 "I
1 > 0 'i
189
PROEUS DARA
I I 4j m
n5 o.rHst1 rt.nti ftl o.w:htl .,: i11u
lJ
~ s~ to~ m~ «'
1f15~nll (1) x
2
+/>4 'i:fl8~15sm~rumf~n~~tl6'1
2lbi:Lf'li~~~fflbi:~li5 M 'i
~usm~ru~sm~
~ G 2~
¢
hl~mltlm tctnu~
~
ttl ruR rt.nilb~ ru N
MnN ft:Jrumfdn1=1hl~msi2ltltiff1'Htimil
otUU l,.,:
y = x+ 1 c:JGm21tlnli
UU
'1
2. m-e'iff115Rrt.nil~u8ud5ru1
l, GV
fD~ff1lSl:3li5'J
\.1
hl~umii
.,:
y = x stl y = -x+ 1
U
t:Jmsg fnnu~ft:Jrummdl2tdrm~
~ W N
tt:Jrumb 1 ~ ~
v ~ ~ 0 c:ile.J
s:::n mm1:1s J fD"efflHnb ru '1 m21tltrut2g 1=1t:dn
t::l) Q1
LJ "' u "'
fti rum ~us mf5 ru1u
W
~ 21
GV
ruf5 All il b ril '1 <;t1
PROEUS DARA
"" ""'
i~~HS~ &1:tHLhllli5Lli ~ ~ w~r=m2liHUD1H1l'tiUllli :
l
2 2
l
y < 2x + 1 X + y <4
n 3y>x-2 2 x+y>O
y<-x+2 x-y<O
1. w~untimtlw~m~s~ru1 '1
2. ffl'ti~ll115Rruu\~usm~ru1w~mas'tili51
L:, GV IJ
'1
1. w~unumtlw~m:is~ru'1 '1
=
"
ru~~
'
============================
2 2
n. x+2y-4 >0 R. x + y :::; 2x+ 3
2 2 ~ ? ?
'li5. X + y < 9 , X+ y>2 'W. 0 < x < 1 , 0 < y < 1 , x· + y· > 1
I I ~ 0 eJ
2. n. WtitiSlri D: y = -x+2 Sb D': x-2y-2 = 0 ntlri~li5b&'l'i:3115 'i
~ c:s 1 u
1
x?:O, y?:O
l
x+ 4 < 0 4x+3y+6?:0
_ 5x+y?:l0
n. y ; : -: x- 2 2. y?: 2x- 5 R.
! x+y?:6
y<2
1 3x-4y?:O
lx + 4y?: 12
1
191
PROEUS DARA
-
1. t?\ fl.f)t1rJS A(-2) sb B(S) 'i mb C dlG 1Jt1Jf'lnb t2 AB ff!'tH1 m u 3 :2 sb
"'l
D dlGWJt1tt11'Hl~~s AB mt:JctrumJu 1 :3 m1_yr'1b CD '!
0
:3 mrng
a+ 6) sb
, -1) sb 8) 'i
0) '
- 4 =0 8 w x-' + y-'
"';.
2x =0 'i
192
PROEUS DARA
93
PROEUS DARA
{ !6} ffi'ij
!(
c u
98'1 Q8
PROEUS DARA
0 1 (;1
:;q;:n n9
-ens y == -3 UY +3
'i.HUJH15 y tll S
d5f
W X b .\
B w y
1·H15Hflj_,nJ w
9 ?
Fi. y 2. X
2£11'f.fl:! 4 CHmg
:= 22 2.2 8
2
0 + 2. 0 = 0
+ 2. 3 'i
1
= -- ,.,;_-- + 3x
Fi. l) 2. ti'i. k)
t95
96T
h {O < x/x} == a !;ltlfl!;l~3HSH~Lru!JS!=JHllJJ!;lj
'P;O C., I 0 (;I
O<X P..!;l1gw:JDrnSSLB xfv = ,{ SR!;lb·~ ·e;
f o n :J p
n
h {z;t:x/x} ==a ~Lru!JS\=l:l gs:JD!=J
' 0 r>
'l l l
z;t:x ~:Jw~grurnssLBSR!;lSH
r> r> p
h z == x fg w o == z- x rn u=n
0
f'l n "' "' z-x 'l 119
h wwwH:;nwwgwwrnssL\:!
o n ~ ~
- I - !;lWm ·w JJJRJ£J
..,
I
hY'==,{ ;:; n
S fl!;l S HS:lc..,~ lJ1.l !J S ~:J!J t ·e; 0
z-Y I
h - == ,{ Sfl!;lSHS:t~Lru!JS!=l:l!J~ "!J z U1Jtlf],UJ 8
T ft c.. • o n
'"
h a ~ uuw s ~:I ru :q..s :J x
I 0 (:) ~
P..!;l1g w
I
w 0
(x)f == t\"
&b~Lru.N!;l I rnu:JH{Wru~:J f SR!;lSHtnUWP..Flruw
e.. o o q::,o o n p ,C..
·z
(\!) , n u
~
h Wl~SLB (x)j == ,{ pSR!;lSHJ.QruW1JP..ru~.'Jr>
x tpmLru.N!;l
o o ~
a rnu:JH{wrumn J pSR!;lSHsHwuws~:t
, <:...• o (;I
·r
h fsPY~ru:~wrul x r> ""
nl
[j w P.. gLru.N n 'l 1
0 0 ~lJSS£lP..!;l1gWHJ ~Lru!J g Sfl!;lSH~S X ~[j
1
'1:::1 1 0 0 0 p ~ t;:,
n 'l 1
~uuwsm SSDP..!;l~gWHJ ~Lru!J SR!;lSHL_p!;lj
' 0 r> J
0 I 0 I 0 /)
g~~rYttS h O*x ru!=JA
ifi;>
'l "" X
x P..!;l1gWWR:J~SLB - == (x)8 ·e
• I o ~
n
l 0! h X ~lJSSD
Sfl!;lSHSHlWP..tlJU.N!Jt " "' 0
p c.. 0 0
II$
m1hwwfi:t~SLB I +xz = (x)J ·w mRJD
10
I "" ' 0 ~
SR!;lSHS.'JR:J~~Lru!J "
p C., C., I 0
I
:: == (x)8 ·e T + xz = (x)J ·w
SR!;lSHS:J~Lru!JS~Wt " I
I) C.,. I 0 (:I
1., B:J"fi (x)8
~
etru~~g
0
~8 (x)j LSUU!;l£ll.H!;l.'J~j l l.llJ t f..fll.f3 8
fl
"' ""
~~
~~s~~~s~
0 0 ~
~~=~'~
4 0 ~
z·y
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
n. y = -x + 3
1
2. y= · · -
x+l
ct 0 0 ~ et
2fT!ff7iM 3 ~nnH1.Jlrli.ff'lbibSHS?'i'tHl2ltltUil113
IU I
n. y = -2x+ 3
2. y = - 2x + 3 (x :2 l)
¢:::} - 2x + 3 ::; - 2 + 3
0 0
n. y = x-2
2. y = 3x-4 (x<2)
197
PROEUS DARA
1.3
c:; ~ t:!':J eJ
Rr:nSH9Jb~[:j~ '1
ICl. o ~ er
sbnr:rrns~H~t'i'HS M = f(xz)-f(xr) '1
mmgHS?'i'i:Hl
I
f(x) = 2x-l sb g(x) = -x+2 trubms
Ct, 'o ~ e»
f.thHS?'i'HS.nMG'ltrumsu
~: ', 1 GV
[a,
,
b] '1
dl ilf> o
~
tsngtmn f thHS?'i'Hstfistsinlimsng
I W
[a, b] '1
"" "" 2
l:,5~HS~ tMlJH~l=l'HS f(x) = 3x-5 sb g(x) '1 hlnJli1HHR2 ~qds
= -
3x+2
HS?l'HS f sb g tL:ilrut~tinruttflti !:if sb fig '1
1 G U fix fix
198
PROEUS DARA
0. .
@)~~.e
"' .,
cutiunticA~9t11ja .
0 I ~ ?
mmg(!1mH~~s x E {-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3}
X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5
y = f(x)
·························· (x,y)
on.11u (x,y) t'tiru x s~m"Jtmtlb
I
v 0 J .' ''oo ; ' ct
t1::l8nM61 D t8~8ti'i38
1
f
y = f(x) '11_,1'1115 f mhlrul
{(x,y) I y=f(x), xED} '1
<' 1 0
ttif:H~8t11j8
tJ I
f(x) =-
X
mmg x>O '1
"
tiMSlnt~ f(x) '1
• <' 1 0
2. CUb~Rltifi!bH8ti'i3S f(x) =-
L:. 1 X
mmg x>O '1
199
PROEUS DARA
0
Y = lxl y
mmg x<O, y=-x '1
1
A ~ I cl
!:.~~~~ tubLfn'Umtat9?1'!:3s~tltLm-e
-1 0
n. y = !x+ 21 '1
X
2. y = 1- X+ 11 + 2 '1
c'
[?J'i:f12l:iJllffll:3UJQJ6iltlH9?1'!:32!: A ..-:r B
IJ
t?Jmtimf1~sn5niitt1-e
C3- I I
A t9imf1~sn5ru1mmn
I IU
B
A B
A B
t?ltn r 1
dl HS?l'e~'iffiN
I l.j
~SHS?l'eS
I
f '1
200
PROEUS DARA
(1). f lf!SH~f:'i'i:H~·IJ1f15 [
1
lf!ssrum b = f(a)~a = f 1
(b)
dsn.J
w
f(x) &t:hru y tf:'iOIS y = 3x+l
'D~ X
~
d"'J y Sb y d"'J X tf:'iOIS X = 3y + 1 tS"U y = x-1
-
~ 3
dsM y tt:hru [ 1
tf:'iOIS f (x)
1
= x-l
w 3
tlmsg
U
HSf:'i'BS~mNtSHSf:'i'BS
I l.) I
f(x) = 3x + 1 ~ f 1(x) = x-l '1
3
""'
~m~ ,fj'BjH'iH~l=l'Banruu&!iaf~ri'Ja t . tl!lU1~
·u
dsN f(x) tt:hru y '1
1.1
- m x
"u
my ~b y mx tf:'itnSN~Fn~G mVJtnHiG1t'B y '1
.... 1.1 ""-" ""
t:::N e::Jol 9 Q ct~ cr
- mtu'BFn~utsg"Bsmb
...;
y dlHSf:'i'BSts
I
x t9 tS"igHSf:'i'iBS
I
f
er
l:nSHSf:'i'BS~GlNt9 '1
...; I l.)
0 1
- dSN y tt:hru
w
f (x) '1
~nHSf:'i'BS~GlNt8HSf:'i'BS
I
"' l.) "
1
"' f(x) = -2x-4 '1
er , er
~unm Ul./7 "2 n. anHSf:'i'BSHflhltSHSf:'i'BS
I l.) I
f(x) = 2x + 3 '1
0
dsn.J
u
f(x) tt:hru y
201
PROEUS DARA
15G1 :r y "'s y X
lJ
= 2x 3 "'0"
cr
H9'1'li:32 y 2x+ 3
'
fiy=x'i
It!:) ~
2.
I. Snn.n SHS
1
f ru
y::::
0
2. ru
c/ o
3. f 0
0 b] '1
stmrrum 0
0 b] '1
" cr
4. h2H9'1'11:38 f
"R
J_., )
&8 8
f::ilfJj "'I
202
PROEUS DARA
usn&'\ &
y =x '1
0 •
= ru ~ ~ ''''11!'>'l::H<NiJO,\\""''-\\it>%1\\it,."'0~,y,o:~t1.bl_1dh'-l:k\~:i,0So'l\SR';;\:1';>;,.,,~$.'¥):.-llNCd-:iY•'\\< >W').\\W;'m;;.'fS>M,<';ll.\~lt{ffi!&1~\l}\~~''"'<1lAf~'!ii<!,,'>:il'%\\l&V:WMi':lli:-~'\':?0,11:>'R>;'l\"l>;tt1~"M.R'11-I'!.W,'ll\:twt"\:•l\i;J;ViW&~S)>\0:t'i.!&>&'%\;'>A~;;.,i'l~iilt""~"-<1>:1:i0tMi0Mwt'li.W.,"®')')J,'MtS.4'
X E { -1, 0, 1, 2} n ~ fi fi 1:2
0 "
'1
ct 0 ~ Q.l )
3. l:?'i"i:ll8H8fi1:38
1
"'
r:t: xH3-2x '1 bi':tHli"i:llSdSfiHlUillufilb
w •v v
0 ""
= 3-2x '1
eJ 0 I ":J cf
4. lnl:f;JSnrulrii:SH9fl1:3821btUll1:3
3
n. f(x) = 4Jx- 3- _]_J:_ !':1. f(x) = 4J3- 2x- - --x-
Js -x -3x+ 2
n. f(x) = 2x + 3 2. f(x) = 2 -x
f .\ - 1 3
l"i . .~(x 1 ·-- 3 , x;tO 115. f(x) = x-l
X
s. ruciLmumbH9!':11:3S21br;Lm1:3
n. y = lx + 11 2. y = lx- 11 + 2 '1
9. n. anHS!':11:3S~mru~:sHsr:11:3S
I
"'
l.i
"
l
d
= x+ 3 '1
2. rucium'i5fflbH8!':11:3S
I
f SbHSr:11:3SWlru
I G
F 1 '1
14
203
PROEUS DARA
2.1
e~5~e
" tu~tm'i5t2H£jfi"eS~GLn9 2
0 ~ 2
LAlli miHi 9fi"e s
I
tJt'jliJ y == x mn m"e
0
G rrfJG2liHLRl'e
1 1
X -2 -1 0 l 2
2 2
l 1
y 4 1 0 1 4
4 4
0
• nnru
u
':) cf C» II If 0 ~ II II CJ C':),
Unl'i5bSHSfi't3S2ltHbliitiTh:tl"
1
Lllfl'i5bli"
u
'1 GMG
1
0(0, 0) I:Slllfl'i5bliGS81:t:lblihl6l
u G'\
~:sgttiunndn~:lfjbtru '1
204
PROEUS DARA
o C).1 cr 7 ,.,
fHbl..f12H9l='i'l:32 6f = f(x 2 )-f(xt) = x2-x1 = (x 2 +x 1)(x2 --x 1)
~ llf (xz+Xt)(xz-X 1)
~msgr:JruwJu -'-= =xz+xl
llx x 2 -x 1
y
1 1
X -2 1 0 1 2
2 2
1 1
--4 -I -- 0 -- l -4
L-~- 4 4
\
mb tl='iRnsrim " fi~ ru, tffi ruHnJHHttH s Rm
"i%mm
tr<N
hltn'hurutsgtt:J~
U
m'hurutsgfuunrlt:Sm;g&Ufflt3
U I
'1
I
l
X -4 -2 -1 -- 1 2 4
2 2
1 1 1 l
y 8 2 0 2 8
2 8 8 2
----
205
PROEUS DARA
-·---,-
X -2 -1
1
2
--1
4
0
1
4
-1
2
1 2
lI
1 1 1 1
y 8 2 0 2 8
2 8 8 2
i : y, .- l I
L' ' f i
' ; \ Ll
_JV"':\ I 1
/
'
! '
;~:l+-~
j L !
y '\ \ i/ I
··--··-••><• --·-~-
Vi 1
: ', !\ .,,_.,,.,. I !! '-::: i-"-'
i ; ~ l_t, i
1 2
2. y = - :zx i _l . .L .L x··
! l I i
' ; ~
Mhlfil1HSH~?'i13S
_v = a(x- p)
2
m~iH'rub?hl5LMUHnJ
0
m~fH1IlU
I
PROEUS DARA
'::1 cf 2 0 ~ '::1
Lf11'\.HSH~?l'i:jS y = (x-2) LflS[;i:tJt15fll~H'iblilf111HS
cl 2 0 Q:! V 1 ~
HS?l'i:jf:l
I
y =x oss
U
2 tlnmHu'USt!HnHfl'i.H\Ho
lj V 1
'1
2£nmsruf 2 nJcitmlimbH9?1'i:js y = x 2 sb
y = (x+ 2) 2 wwmmnJsmsthm'U
t;t;c:t L --....9
'1
0
ffl'i:jjjl1flti
1
fil'e'iff:'UrSHSH''i'\jS2lb
lj I
wl
n
tm-fltinJSi:t"lSOISlfl'ifll'U~SHSJ:mS
~~ lj I
y = (x+ 2)
2
018
ti:tlti5fll~~Rb15Lfll'UtSH9?1'i:jS y = x
2
G~S -2 tlnmLM'USbHnJ~li~hl '1
bnffllJU'USbHnJ~li ~M '1
2
fi. y = 3(x + 2)
2. y = 3(x-1) 2
207
PROEUS DARA
2
2.3 ) +q
I . ~ cf
tu-ljgnms H ~j:)'i:§" s
? 0 eJ t.::).
y = a(x-pf+q Sfl'i:31Hbl5hnbl5Lt15'U
0
Sfl'i:HHliiG
I
cf 2 ,, "
~fil'iJSflb~HHi'i:3S y = (x-2) + 1 dl(fldl'Uru
lj l u
0
"nflru
u
I: I~ I2 I~ I! I: I
? d ~ ~
Sfll:3Lfil'U(S H~l=il:322lb 1: blitl=iffiG tu~ ~ smsm
? ~ 2 0~
Lfil'UbSHSj!''l'iHi y = (x-2) + 1 Ql21:thli5H'ibl5Lffi'U5flb
2
y = x GSS
u
2 bnmutu'USbHfi'iHlliMtui:Ulli5'U2ltil:3n
u l &
0~ C:p eJ 0
~nbl5Lhl'UShHnJHHtht2G~2 1 bnm '1
er
"o
'Hf1'UbSH21!'l'i:32
lj l
.
y = a(x- pt, + q c:V n
u
"
l!'ldl(fldl'Ubl51:!:ibl5(fl2
e;
0~ C:p () I 4' 0
ttnru~nrutm'Umh y = ttu'UshHnJHl'Uf~itDG~s
y t
y =ax
2\
p X
208
PROEUS DARA
1 2
2. y=
3(x+2)-l
2
y = x - 2x- 1
0 ~
lflti ? It
y = x"-2x-l ctltflfl1Jb15Lil8t1:hli5H1b15Lffl'i5
u
~msg ~HH1:h~8t8n~b15R
" 0 ""
(1, -2) tRtll8lffl'i5
2 2
. z · . [ b] b -.4ac ·. · . . z
til~&gi y =ax +bx+c =a x+ a - a · = ~(x~p}+q
2 4
fvru
w· p =- b
2a ·. · · · q
Etl = -. ·bz-4ac
4a
'1.
tmti!s y = ax + bx+ c
2
mfu'i'l'iJruft:i~Yi:flSR~ru (- ?a
b
StiHnJ~gl:fls hl~fil~x
"' C) ' "" .
=-
L---~
a '1
2
---'----'------'---'"'-----------'
n. y = 5x 2 + 2x- 3
209
PROEUS DARA
2.4
2 fl? ffl UIJ1" 1
2 ?
y ::: X - 2x + 3 = x·- 2x + 1 + 2 = (X·· l r +2
.)
"
'i:llSHH2Hi5J'tWi:ll "" 2
t~ mrurun "
x = l '1 r;nQIS
"G\J "'
n&'i:iHnm'i:llni l:sitru"" !R '1
2fl7ffliM" 2
H2~'i:iS'i:ll2nt'i:iH'i.H'UJ'i:JltM y b ~ a4 ac
2
;
~n~ x =- - -
b ""
t'i.fll15 "
H2?l'i:i2ff!S "'
HGWH:ll 1:9 '1
c; 2a I ....
2
- ttl " " Hn'DHfl
a<O t2HH2~'i:iS'i:ll2nh'i:i "" nu., y =- b -4 ac
1 G\J .... 4a
"" "
(.!ib. x =- 2ba ~'i.fii15H~mHlQ!S HUJm'idl r;g 'l
y
a<O
2fl7'ifliM" 3
0 c<' 2 ? ~ ~
fJH5W
t!N
H 21 ~'i:i s v = - 2x + 3x + 4 'i:ll8 n m HntiH::ll t fo
"' GV ~
2 2
b -4ac 3 -4·(-2)·4 41 b 3 3
y =- 4a 4(-2) = 8 x =- 2a =4
PROEUS DARA
~fTI'UlW.tf 4 Rll.SI~&l'E'i::JH~'US'ifl
GIJ
SbHtima'ifltSHS!Ol'i::JS
eJ 1
v == x -2x-2
..
2
d5'i:flsttlSRrut~
D == {xJ-lS:x:S:4} '1
: [(-i 1Y :
!
i
/: !
i
\ I :
\ 4 !r" !- 2.x H2
i i
i
l
i 1\ 0 I :.X
\ ,;
\. J
-,J ! :
i
D = {xi- 1::;: x::;: 4}
2
2. y == -x +3x (-2S:x:S: 1)
'ifiS&lr~H~'i5i'ifliJ1~ = 25
2 2
s= --x +50x=-(x-25) +625 &S'H s x
211
PROEUS DARA
., .,
i,~~HS~ 3 t1:1Al?i~2J~ti5~1:lruffisty~~b 60cm dl(l~~~n £Ulti5i1:1tH~t2JsrliHS"J~l::tlAl~~
(1 ~ '1 tfi tllL£1~ m~f2JU'~~ run t~tJj!3Jr:l ru\in l~Lnwls Alb~ 9lb n~ffis&l l~~tH5~ 61 '1
ij
2. s ~~~g~~w~~m; ~s~~iim;~s~~~2ffl~~m5
n. ~nun :LfuHntul1nnfittn9 2 muu·nu
~tMlgLnnrutUfima~tLn9 2
ai+bx+c =0 (l)
2
y = ax + bx + c (2)
y = ax 2 + bx + c = a [ x + a
2
b] -
2 2
b -4ac
4
a 2tU'i~firu1~
G
HJ!Ut]
t_; Q
{jg
= a(x+ ..!?_) -~
2
2a 4a
~ms glmuls (2) i:flSR ~ ru (- :a' - ~J
Gtmg a>O tl"ii:flSnHWl~u2liHLAl'H
0 (- ..!?_ - ~)
2a' 4a
mnuU ru Al&lHnH-nu
ij
tUtU
I ij
L&l~ (1~8 fWJUI:r:lJb Q1 Ln~ (- :a' o) tU'i§Al:i (l) tU'i§ms (I) ffiStihldlGss
"' "' w
y y
!?_ - ~)
( - 2a
0 0 ' 4a
~=0
Ulb rlJGb1JlG&dJ~ ~
'""' 0
hl't:lfil~ (1) Ef12YhldlG~2
""' 0
~ Xt , Xz
x
2
- 2x + k = 0 t 2l g ! 1- k '1
~
0
mmg
4 >0 y_ k< 1 '"
t2lg1_!1l'i5filriHnJ
I~ I~ 0
H~'i5hlhl~ribmuMmd'i~ffl '1
I l.j I V «
thmg ~ = o y_ k = 1 t2lglmmhdll;Iru
~
0
mmg
4< o y_ k > 1 "'
tS'ULfil'i5't:3Sfilri
'
HnJffitl~Wt9 '1
213
PROEUS DARA
X
x<a,x>~'l
il>O
mh (1) l::ltinh
u .. u
m JII '1
1
00 ':) 2 0 ~ 0 I
MMi5
I"'
M&S ax + bx + c > 0 dltiSWfH1619lb~Hl5
X
CJJ 0 0 ?
m ll < 0 G'il'l§'iffltinbm IV tRQISMMi5M&S y
LJ c; u J'-!>
1
2 2
ax + bx + c > 0 dlcrsst161mbmJ
lJ
ttflli5 ax + bx + c < 0
214
PROEUS DARA
X1 = 2+4 :::: 3 Xo
-
2-4
= - = -1
2
()( ~ C\1 ?
2fl7f.JIH?./7 2 b1:1H1Jlflti5-a fd'i:Hfl~ x-- 2x- 3 < 0
Gnt3Lf1l'i5 '1
"' ""'
i~ ~HS ~ b!:h glftJlru1 fd~ fi1Hl1t3Lfll'li :
4x + 4 ~ 0
2 2 2
n. .l + 4x + 1 < 0 2. 3x + 7 X+ 3;:::: 0 A. - x + 7 X+ 3 > 0 lli. x -
~ ""
2fl7f.JIWJ7"' 1 0 ' "" 2
nrt.nn&'l~~ k bwt3J6Jfdt3ffl~ x +2(2k+ l)x+(k+ 1)
':>
=o ""
'i:flS'8fdllHdJb
mtt.ilru1n'tflsmbri~ '1
"' (S-
2
PROEUS DARA
1 -2k-l >0
k+l>O
(2)
(3)
X
_______,-('~-)-~--_3--+[---+-]____,,;_
4 -l 0
2
n (2) t?\012 k<- ~
""rJ (3) t?\012 k>-l
0 0'> " <:!> 3
!:iU tH 2 g tu rulI t 2 6H'i3 k ?\ -1 < k < - - <J
~
4
iruwi t?lffimtllgLnnru~tu'i§m~ 2
x <2x m"BE'f'U m"B~mJu~sz-tbtLm"B
2 t::.\
- I
tuti~mumb y = x
G sb y = 2x
0
nb~srunHHtll£21:~"Bru <J
~ 1 u
t:J
w
1
2 0
=x
II II I
~mumb y mrnnurum~m"BGMG
G u I
216
PROEUS DARA
c=I!J
~
A(2, 4) '1
<>' ., .,
:uran U717 2 t tru Lft.llli5 d ro 13 m~ lx - 21 < 3 '1
y
utjw rotiLmtHnb y = lx- 21 sb y = 3
, {x-2 , x2:2
rob1Jlltii?ilb y = \x- 21 =
-x+2, x<2
Q ~0 0 ':)I Q
y = -x+2 sb y = 3 t'i..flrutHl..llG
~ 1
B(5, 3) dlGru!G'i'liroi:HS'liSln
l.i b 1 &
y = x-2 sb y = 3 '1
t::J,) '\.:) cl t::::r. '>;)
"' ""'
i~~HS~ t!:flgLflllli5~ro-@nu l2x-6l<4 '1
1. 1Jlltimb y = a(x- p)
2
m~'i5Rru~s'Lmtimb y = ax 2 t3~s P tlnmLrotisbihu
Hlli g\j ro
I
'1
? "";.. 2
= [ 4x+ 3 8w g(x) -2) -1 '1
2. Mci m'hu runb ~~ li5nHHf:t'H 8 H3'i.HTTl RnHH r:n r;s ~2Gru1m'i.5Mm tlbm'h'i5ru
u"'
l
1 u w "'u 1G" u
stiHnJj,'lU~M '1
d
12. tfi't:flS1H"8fii:38
l
=4
n. Lfll'i5fflbH9fi'BS f sb g Qb~1li5~HHf:Jlt2 '1
l
' d ""
R. ftjbLfll'i5?1lbH9fii:32 y:.:: x+ l amtngLfUlli5Mi:3fila l2x-II = x+ 1 ffli:3Lfil'i5 'i
219
PROEUS DARA
4
H9R'i:JS"' y ~ ' y = -----+-3 '
0
S?Hlfl I ? ~ ~
"' !U~!f\l'i.HS H S R'i:ll:Hd S 9l S
LJ I
y = X-a
0 ' Q) ~ '?
" nrwlmu'i:lmlh'l&i5BG'l&Hs
I U
C' ""
H S R'i:38 n5 S 9l Sin li5 ')
= 4X tn2rr:Jsr'iMri
C'
I
- H9R'i:l8 y {xjx;tO}
ov ~ '::1 ct
., mruhnrt5Lm'lHSH9R'i:lS
C'
-- HSIR'i:JS y =-
2x+ !US9lS
3x+ 4
- H9R'i:l8"' y = x-2
;t 2}
x-l 2
y y = 3x+
X+
4
' y
X-
a
y
X
ef eJ 0 I
220
PROEUS DARA
rJnn
u
It
L:imsg tfiQIS
u !lx x 2x 1
- thmg'ifitl
L;
Xj, x2 tL:irn O<xl <x2 l:fiQI8 /:,.f <0
.6.,)(
bUll'i5l"G'l~msb'ifllu13gf11StG'i
"u ct LJ t
'ifllu
G
v =-x1""2G'lwG'iHnHfl'l.HtHt5fllrnrwn
·
;::,
'6 1
<)
x 26"iwfiH88n ttnf.l52fiwG'1Hn1HHt:ht8
' ""
u
"' ;::, ""' "' ;::, "
mruo.m x 2fi~G"ift58HmgHn'iHIUWft5
u v '6 l
sbHn'iHHt:htfHtfTim
'6
H!Wt3fin~8'ifllu
l u G
v
.
= X~ 'i
6.f = a
Ax x2 · x1
6..f
-->0
!lx
(/ tL:i ru a* 0 t'Lll4m
A
H1Wt3fi61
I U
"~
221
PROEUS DARA
0 ~ 1 ":1 cr
~~~~~ 1 MbLff11HS~-Hjfl'i:3S
~
n. y = -2X 2. y = - 3X-
""' .
f1l!J!i5 MbLffltHilb y = ~1 '1 »~fl'i:3S y
"'
=;:l <I 0 •
'i::ll2ttHHHl..fH1 {x[x;t:O}
Gndlbfi~'i:3&bl52
GV
1 1
X --4 -2 -1 --1 --1 4
1 2 4
2 4 2
---·
1 1
y --1 --1 -1 -2 -4 4 2 1
4 2 2 4
-
;
!Y i/
i_\ /5 = X
I l I ~ 0
">
~
J v
umfi y= x filfiflru o sbm'i:3tHl.flG (1, 1) '1 \/
& l _, - / "-, X
f--.../ 0
~ t i:ll ~ s G ruwm w r1 fl (-1, -1)
0 ""
m'i:3umu m tn s nH
u l L,; ~ ' 1 v ~- r.:.~ __
C4 t=~:::
,,
y = / \.
sb c1, l) '1 i/ \
··-··
/ !
a
y -+q
X-
Z fl7 tn Ul!l"' 1
... 4 " 0 •
fJt'i:i!iJ y =- 'i::llS!:t:lSnrulG'i {x[x;t:O}
IN X
mnb6'it'i:3W52 <V
4 <J 0 •
y = --1 'i::llS&tlSnrulG'i {x[x;t2}
x-2
222
PROEUS DARA
HHi::fH8 '1
~ a c:V~~v e~
un'i.Hil'W y = X-· p +q ?1 wI~ m'\1 ru btl rumstirHth ti5
ifiruHil'i.Hnb
G
v = 'X3: G88
. u
p Qnfil'in5tiHnHflt5idw
lJ \1 l
sb
0 <)
~ ~ I ' cf
~~gons~ 1 wbunmni'l~SJf.tis
n. y = - ~ 2. y = - ~+5 ?1. y = - -
2
lli. .v = - X-2 +5
X X x-2
223
PROEUS DARA
,.; ax+b
fiHS y =- -
ex+
~f:ltnS v = x+
2 3 1
= - -+2 '1 rutli:illtimtl y = x~ tnsftjSRrt.n~ {xix=tO}
· x+ x+l L
mrlbG1t'tlt:,u2
GV
y
1
Lfll'i:Jmb y =x+ + 2 msGttlru
y =~ X
t1ss
W
-1 bnm1rutiiim:
G tl-
1
y ·=: ---- +2
X+ 1
ffi5 X :::: -1
"""-..1 02
\
t1:;1n y =2 '1
n. y = 3x
X-
!-- 2x
2. y =
X+
X-- J
1'1. v = -
~ 2-- X
PROEUS DARA
y = Jx 1
+ j +5, ... rt~rudlnU:iJl'i:31::ll8HbGJ X b
0 •
nrwH'i ft5
{x!x;:o:O}
H&jf.i'i:38" y =3
{ :C::2}
H8f.i'i:38"
0
0
-
I
E IR} &18
8 y =
'>
LmnHs (J)
utfltiJ
~
v
-
= ffx n.J'i:mm
u
Y'
2
= -2x , x?: o 1
. . . Yl.
:/ I
;-...
--.. ..._-.......
i' /
~
~
-
0 / :
~
0_ v/ !
i
\/ i X
-4 -) // 0'\ 4
\ ......
. r······· . . . !
/ r\
···~·
. b( ·c. j
: • .!
...........
/
v i \. ! ······
............ i ' \
:: 0}
226
PROEUS DARA
l l
0 --- 2 --8
8 2
,,
l
y 0 j 2
2 I
·, .. - - '
'
i~~',
. ~------
f
i············
! i ~-
""'- 0
~
'-..._ •
•
: :
•
"'\
-8 -b -4 -,2 0
n. ,. =
I i ! ··---·-·-----------
2. y = '__ ' '
_ _ _ _ L. .L :
y a>O y a>O
y
O< a<O
n. -' 2. y
227
PROEUS DARA
y = ~~
y = = J2x-4
y = J2x + 5 '-1
n. Y = 2. y = n. Y =
(l )
cy 0 t:::l.1 ? 1
trunHtl9ltlrJH2 (l)dlnHl +5 =4 l5
"'-
8x 20 = 0
"'
tntn2 X = -2 , \: - lO
,_'
h G) X = -2 ~:nm2 Ji = -1 @2£~bmil
4 4
'·
X= 10 l:ntn2 Ji5 = 5 G mil
4
0
[:jf:H@g nH~
u u
nn t2G rWlGru fi.Hln"" l ,; .0
(10. '-1
228
PROEUS DARA
~"'
Mi:!Lfil'l.Hllh~HF1'i:H3HMSV1S y = ..;2x+5
' <:1 ""
2bLfil'l.Hflti y = 21x
9
MciLfiltHflb H ?l'i:H1 H MS V12 y = J2x + 5
ff!dlb fi ~'i:H
GV
h\52
2
y 0 1 3
y=Jx-2
n. 1
= 3x
1y
2.
y = -Jx
{ y = x-1
229
PROEUS DARA
" cl
~ 1 Lf'il'i.HSH~I'l'i:3S
) C;:, ($ I e;V
y = x-+ l(x2':0) sb Lf'illiH~I'll:3stmn5 ~lirMll'l
' " cl
MhtmmsHEjl'l13SLffin5tttl ru
y = Jx-l ?f ~g mJusiHJ~~ y = x ~ums
l
ttlitmtiisH ~~'i:3stfj'i:3
'i5 ~ [)J QtJ ~ 'i5 ::n tJ t LFfll:3
1
,y
I /
~--y
:
" v v\; = i,
w-
I /
i
;
v_,... l--
- e.--
i= Jx :-1
v 0 X
i !/
/
~ ~ d ~
hl'i:31:3bli
u
a = g(b) '1
o c:::-. cy .., er 4!::$
r:lmsg GrulG P(a, b) hl6'1GGlltb151fill5b8HS~'i:38 y = f(x) ~hl't31:3bli
u u c-.. lj i u
Qp 0 ~ t:::J) '? ct
ttrlsbGnf1G Q(b, a) ~n~84trntmmSHEj~l:38Lffihl y = g(x) 'i
GrulG
1
P(a, b) sh Q(b, a) m mmQusbum~
(N & cti
y = X 'i
1
y
Y = f(x) y =X
P(a,b\./
'/
.. y = g(x)
Q(b, a)
X
PROEUS DARA
ct ~ cf I
X=-~ '1
tjg'1
GV
1
~ a c:U~~eJ °c::t. a
2. "ifn'Gffiw y
lJ
=-
x-p u 1
e1
+ q l'iwil-H!:l'Gb"tH!:lrumstt:nruHH15'if1l'l5
lJ
y =-
x
HnJffili~ru st\8~ s q bnmtr.mH nJHHt:n ts '1
= re ~ ~ Wii~'@\~ii.~'%~~~.'lftWI)I$tiCI}~':;:lJM"c"lff\1.\N~\\'lW·~~~Y}b\'"'~®"trf;>i;,%trl:l:~'(!(i>,\11!'~(\:";){•l"\..%~'\li'®~Xik"~1-oV\\Bt\JG1,\';I\i.'\l'A"'~'\.'·I'Rtl''h'\";,'U,.Wfi'~i)l:slWKit.'&O\(~~]%\%'rt'«)i~R~~~'l\,~~}~\l~\1;
0 •
1. anH2R'SSttlruHfl'i.Hfl2t!:llruifiruHn'i.Hilb y
I lJ l.J
= X~
0 ~ I ~
J ~ 0 I Ci.J ~ cf
2. n5b'ifll'U
lJ
Sb nMnffihl'tH161t2H
I U
2I R'tHl :nb £Hil1:1
l.J
4
n. y = - '1
x+3
2
2. y = 4--- '1
x+l
U
0
I lJ
'
3. nMnnHH!:llt2urJJlu'i'UhlmtlbHil'lifllb
<J lJ
y
0
= -X1 ""
Sb'\52161
<:
'
y = -52 -x '1
'
5. hlhLAltifllbH "'
R'tHl:J1b £Lfil1:1 9
n. y = J3x-5 '1
2. y = -J4-x '1
cr ~ v o , er ~
6. H1H2I R'S 2Hflhl
lJ
Sb in ti:l2nM nffib HSI R1:12 f(x) 81:1W ti5 '}:J1b t1Al1:1
l.J
2. f(x) = _!_
x+ 2
+1 '1
R. f(x) = ~ '1
232
PROEUS DARA
6. 13ru!G
l
y) tm rru1_Elb Ac csL~tmru~ MBc ~G~'i521b tLm'i:3
l
B( -6, 0) C(3, 0)
" k
G'im = -1 '1
GV
n. ( ...... , 2. ...... )
233
PROEUS DARA
3) 8 8 f\H 2 'i
0
G G 5) 'j
'
'i55.. 'U fi fill' y - -4 '1
13 (
x-2>0
y;::::O
X- 4<()
+ - 6 :s:o
= + +4 8 + 1 '1
1 stJ g '~
mru 1
+ X +1
( ).
2
(3)
2
=X
2 l
>- + > + <
··f- j _._,
3
: y = + bx+ c ( 1 1 L 3)
fi : X 2 '1
n. "" a, b
212fH'l
w
sjj ~G
w Lm'U
1 2 3 7
2 .. bf::tl fil2 4.x + +-:S:x+2
234